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Lee D, Shin W, Park S, Kim J, Shin H. NOON-state interference in the frequency domain. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:90. [PMID: 38622155 PMCID: PMC11018870 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The examination of entanglement across various degrees of freedom has been pivotal in augmenting our understanding of fundamental physics, extending to high dimensional quantum states, and promising the scalability of quantum technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the photon number path entanglement in the frequency domain by implementing a frequency beam splitter that converts the single-photon frequency to another with 50% probability using Bragg scattering four-wave mixing. The two-photon NOON state in a single-mode fiber is generated in the frequency domain, manifesting the two-photon interference with two-fold enhanced resolution compared to that of single-photon interference, showing the outstanding stability of the interferometer. This successful translation of quantum states in the frequency domain will pave the way toward the discovery of fascinating quantum phenomena and scalable quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Woncheol Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sebae Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Heedeuk Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Kim DH, Hong S, Kim YS, Kim Y, Lee SW, Pooser RC, Oh K, Lee SY, Lee C, Lim HT. Distributed quantum sensing of multiple phases with fewer photons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:266. [PMID: 38212341 PMCID: PMC10784500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Distributed quantum metrology has drawn intense interest as it outperforms the optimal classical counterparts in estimating multiple distributed parameters. However, most schemes so far have required entangled resources consisting of photon numbers equal to or more than the parameter numbers, which is a fairly demanding requirement as the number of nodes increases. Here, we present a distributed quantum sensing scenario in which quantum-enhanced sensitivity can be achieved with fewer photons than the number of parameters. As an experimental demonstration, using a two-photon entangled state, we estimate four phases distributed 3 km away from the central node, resulting in a 2.2 dB sensitivity enhancement from the standard quantum limit. Our results show that the Heisenberg scaling can be achieved even when using fewer photons than the number of parameters. We believe our scheme will open a pathway to perform large-scale distributed quantum sensing with currently available entangled sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Yong-Su Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yosep Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | | | - Kyunghwan Oh
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Su-Yong Lee
- Emerging Science and Technology Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, Korea
- Weapon Systems Engineering, ADD School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34060, Korea
| | - Changhyoup Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Hyang-Tag Lim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
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Park G, Matsumoto I, Kiyohara T, Hofmann HF, Okamoto R, Takeuchi S. Realization of photon correlations beyond the linear optics limit. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj8146. [PMID: 38134279 PMCID: PMC10745675 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Linear optical transformations of multiple single-photon inputs are fundamental for the development of photonic quantum technologies. Various nonclassical correlations can already be observed directly in states generated using only single-photon inputs and linear optics transformations. However, some quantum correlations require additional operations, and states that exhibit such correlations are classified as non-Fock states. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a two-photon three-mode non-Fock state that exhibits conditional quantum coherences that can only be achieved by non-Fock states. We determine the fidelity of the non-Fock state based on experimentally observed conditional visibilities that characterize the state and compare the result to the fidelity bounds for different classes of Fock and non-Fock states. Our experimental verification of the non-Fock character of the state provides insights into the technological requirements needed to achieve nonclassical correlations in multiphoton quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geobae Park
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Issei Matsumoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kiyohara
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Holger F. Hofmann
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeuchi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Zhang M, Huang L, Liu Y, Zhao W, Wang W. Influence of multiphoton events on the quantum enhanced phase estimation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37833-37845. [PMID: 36258364 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum metrology can approach measurement precision of Heisenberg Limit using an ideal quantum source, which has attracted a great interest in fundamental physical studies. However, the quantum metrology precision is impressionable to the system noise in experiments. In this paper, we analyze the influence of multiphoton events on the phase estimation precision when using a nondeterministic single photon source. Our results show there are an extra bias and quantum enhanced region restriction due to multiphoton events, which declines the quantum phase estimation precision. A limitation of multiphoton probability is obtained for quantum enhanced phase estimation accuracy under different experimental model. Our results provide beneficial suggestions for improving quantum metrology precision in future experiments.
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Lee D, Pramanik T, Hong S, Cho YW, Lim HT, Chin S, Kim YS. Entangling three identical particles via spatial overlap. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30525-30535. [PMID: 36242154 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum correlations between identical particles are at the heart of quantum technologies. Several studies with two identical particles have shown that the spatial overlap and indistinguishability between the particles are necessary for generating bipartite entanglement. On the other hand, researches on the extension to more than two-particle systems are limited by the practical difficulty to control multiple identical particles in laboratories. In this work, we propose schemes to generate two fundamental classes of genuine tripartite entanglement, i.e., GHZ and W classes, which are experimentally demonstrated using linear optics with three identical photons. We also show that the tripartite entanglement class decays from the genuine entanglement to the full separability as the particles become more distinguishable from each other. Our results support the prediction that particle indistinguishability is a fundamental element for entangling identical particles.
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