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Li W, Zou K, Guo J, Zhang C, Feng J, You J, Cheng G, Zhou Q, Kong M, Li G, Guo CF, Yang J. Integrated Fibrous Iontronic Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Reliability for Human Plantar Pressure and Gait Analysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14672-14684. [PMID: 38760182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensing systems (FSSs) designed to measure plantar pressure can deliver instantaneous feedback on human movement and posture. This feedback is crucial not only for preventing and controlling diseases associated with abnormal plantar pressures but also for optimizing athletes' postures to minimize injuries. The development of an optimal plantar pressure sensor hinges on key metrics such as a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and long-term stability. However, the effectiveness of current flexible sensors is impeded by numerous challenges, including limitations in structural deformability, mechanical incompatibility between multifunctional layers, and instability under complex stress conditions. Addressing these limitations, we have engineered an integrated pressure sensing system with high sensitivity and reliability for human plantar pressure and gait analysis. It features a high-modulus, porous laminated ionic fiber structure with robust self-bonded interfaces, utilizing a unified polyimide material system. This system showcases a high sensitivity (156.6 kPa-1), an extensive sensing range (up to 4000 kPa), and augmented interfacial toughness and durability (over 150,000 cycles). Additionally, our FSS is capable of real-time monitoring of plantar pressure distribution across various sports activities. Leveraging deep learning, the flexible sensing system achieves a high-precision, intelligent recognition of different plantar types with a 99.8% accuracy rate. This approach provides a strategic advancement in the field of flexible pressure sensors, ensuring prolonged stability and accuracy even amidst complex pressure dynamics and providing a feasible solution for long-term gait monitoring and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Zou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia You
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space Robotic Systems Technology and Applications, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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2
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Cheng Y, Zhan Y, Guan F, Shi J, Wang J, Sun Y, Zubair M, Yu C, Guo CF. Displacement-pressure biparametrically regulated softness sensory system for intraocular pressure monitoring. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae050. [PMID: 38707205 PMCID: PMC11067962 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the high-risk pathogenic factors of glaucoma. Existing methods of IOP measurement are based on the direct interaction with the cornea. Commercial ophthalmic tonometers based on snapshot measurements are expensive, bulky, and their operation requires trained personnel. Theranostic contact lenses are easy to use, but they may block vision and cause infection. Here, we report a sensory system for IOP assessment that uses a soft indentor with two asymmetrically deployed iontronic flexible pressure sensors to interact with the eyelid-eyeball in an eye-closed situation. Inspired by human fingertip assessment of softness, the sensory system extracts displacement-pressure information for soft evaluation, achieving high accuracy IOP monitoring (>96%). We further design and custom-make a portable and wearable ophthalmic tonometer based on the sensory system and demonstrate its high efficacy in IOP screening. This sensory system paves a way towards cost-effective, robust, and reliable IOP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yifei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fangyi Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, USA
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Ju H, Xing L, Ali AH, El-Arab IE, Elshekh AEA, Riadh MA, Abdullah N, Elattar S, Hashmi A, Ali E, Asilzad H. Predicting Concrete Strength Early Age using a Combination of Machine Learning and Electromechanical Impedance with Nano-enhanced Sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119248. [PMID: 38823615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
To ensure the structural integrity of concrete and prevent unanticipated fracturing, real-time monitoring of early-age concrete's strength development is essential, mainly through advanced techniques such as nano-enhanced sensors. The piezoelectric-based electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method with nano-enhanced sensors is emerging as a practical solution for such monitoring requirements. This study presents a strength estimation method based on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) as hybrid (NDT-LSTMs-ANN), including several types of concrete strength-related agents. Input data includes water-to-cement rate, temperature, curing time, and maturity based on interior temperature, allowing experimentally monitoring the development of concrete strength from the early steps of hydration and casting to the last stages of hardening 28 days after the casting. The study investigated the impact of various factors on concrete strength development, utilizing a cutting-edge approach that combines traditional models with nano-enhanced piezoelectric sensors and NDT-LSTMs-ANN enhanced with nanotechnology. The results demonstrate that the hybrid provides highly accurate concrete strength estimation for construction safety and efficiency. Adopting the piezoelectric-based EMI technique with these advanced sensors offers a viable and effective monitoring solution, presenting a significant leap forward for the construction industry's structural health monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University ,Chongqing, 400067
| | - Lin Xing
- Chongqing Jianzhu College Academy of Construction Management, Chongqing, 400072, China
| | - Alaa Hussein Ali
- Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Islam Ezz El-Arab
- Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ali E A Elshekh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abas Riadh
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen Abdullah
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Elattar
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hashmi
- Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elimam Ali
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Asilzad
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
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4
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Wang Z, Zou X, Liu T, Zhu Y, Wu D, Bai Y, Du G, Luo B, Zhang S, Chi M, Liu Y, Shao Y, Wang J, Wang S, Nie S. Directional Moisture-Wicking Triboelectric Materials Enabled by Laplace Pressure Differences. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38808683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are experiencing vibrant growth in the fields of health monitoring systems and human motion detection, with comfort becoming a significant research direction for wearable sensing devices. However, the weak moisture-wicking capability of sensor materials leads to liquid retention, severely restricting the comfort of the wearable sensors. This study employs a pattern-guided alignment strategy to construct microhill arrays, endowing triboelectric materials with directional moisture-wicking capability. Within 2.25 s, triboelectric materials can quickly and directionally remove the droplets, driven by the Laplace pressure differences and the wettability gradient. The directional moisture-wicking triboelectric materials exhibit excellent pressure sensing performance, enabling rapid response/recovery (29.1/37.0 ms), thereby achieving real-time online monitoring of human respiration and movement states. This work addresses the long-standing challenge of insufficient moisture-wicking driving force in flexible electronic sensing materials, holding significant implications for enhancing the comfort and application potential of electronic skin and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuelian Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yayu Bai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guoli Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuzheng Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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5
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Li C, Wang T, Zhou S, Sun Y, Xu Z, Xu S, Shu S, Zhao Y, Jiang B, Xie S, Sun Z, Xu X, Li W, Chen B, Tang W. Deep Learning Model Coupling Wearable Bioelectric and Mechanical Sensors for Refined Muscle Strength Assessment. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0366. [PMID: 38783913 PMCID: PMC11112600 DOI: 10.34133/research.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Muscle strength (MS) is related to our neural and muscle systems, essential for clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation. Although emerging wearable technology seems promising for MS assessment, problems still exist, including inaccuracy, spatiotemporal differences, and analyzing methods. In this study, we propose a wearable device consisting of myoelectric and strain sensors, synchronously acquiring surface electromyography and mechanical signals at the same spot during muscle activities, and then employ a deep learning model based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) + Transformer (Tcnformer), achieving accurate grading and prediction of MS. Moreover, by combining with deep clustering, named Tcnformer deep cluster (TDC), we further obtain a 25-level classification for MS assessment, refining the conventional 5 levels. Quantification and validation showcase a patient's postoperative recovery from level 3.2 to level 3.6 in the first few days after surgery. We anticipate that this system will importantly advance precise MS assessment, potentially improving relevant clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics,
Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijie Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxing Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics,
Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology,
Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shiwang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuoran Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics,
Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital,
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics,
Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology,
Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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6
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Zhang J, Bu X, Wang Y, Dong H, Zhang Y, Wu H. Sign language recognition based on dual-path background erasure convolutional neural network. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11360. [PMID: 38762676 PMCID: PMC11102471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sign language is an important way to provide expression information to people with hearing and speaking disabilities. Therefore, sign language recognition has always been a very important research topic. However, many sign language recognition systems currently require complex deep models and rely on expensive sensors, which limits the application scenarios of sign language recognition. To address this issue, based on computer vision, this study proposed a lightweight, dual-path background erasing deep convolutional neural network (DPCNN) model for sign language recognition. The DPCNN consists of two paths. One path is used to learn the overall features, while the other path learns the background features. The background features are gradually subtracted from the overall features to obtain an effective representation of hand features. Then, these features are flatten into a one-dimensional layer, and pass through a fully connected layer with an output unit of 128. Finally, use a fully connected layer with an output unit of 24 as the output layer. Based on the ASL Finger Spelling dataset, the total accuracy and Macro-F1 scores of the proposed method is 99.52% and 0.997, respectively. More importantly, the proposed method can be applied to small terminals, thereby improving the application scenarios of sign language recognition. Through experimental comparison, the dual path background erasure network model proposed in this paper has better generalization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Henan Province, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Xiaolong Bu
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Henan Province, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yushuai Wang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Henan Province, Zhumadian, 463000, China
- School of Computer Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Xinzheng, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Hao Dong
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Henan Province, Zhumadian, 463000, China
- School of Computer Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Xinzheng, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Henan Province, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Henan Province, Zhumadian, 463000, China.
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7
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Wang T, Jin T, Lin W, Lin Y, Liu H, Yue T, Tian Y, Li L, Zhang Q, Lee C. Multimodal Sensors Enabled Autonomous Soft Robotic System with Self-Adaptive Manipulation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9980-9996. [PMID: 38387068 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Human hands are amazingly skilled at recognizing and handling objects of different sizes and shapes. To date, soft robots rarely demonstrate autonomy equivalent to that of humans for fine perception and dexterous operation. Here, an intelligent soft robotic system with autonomous operation and multimodal perception ability is developed by integrating capacitive sensors with triboelectric sensor. With distributed multiple sensors, our robot system can not only sense and memorize multimodal information but also enable an adaptive grasping method for robotic positioning and grasp control, during which the multimodal sensory information can be captured sensitively and fused at feature level for crossmodally recognizing objects, leading to a highly enhanced recognition capability. The proposed system, combining the performance and physical intelligence of biological systems (i.e., self-adaptive behavior and multimodal perception), will greatly advance the integration of soft actuators and robotics in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Robotics Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Robotics Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weiyang Lin
- Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqiao Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhong Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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8
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Shi Y, Shen G. Haptic Sensing and Feedback Techniques toward Virtual Reality. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0333. [PMID: 38533183 PMCID: PMC10964227 DOI: 10.34133/research.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation. In virtual reality (VR) system, the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements, while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation. Therefore, exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closed-loop haptic interaction to VR system. This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts. For the haptic sensor, we focus on mechanism scope (piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric) and introduce force sensor, gesture translation, and touch identification in the functional view. In terms of the haptic feedbacks, methodologies including mechanical, electrical, and elastic actuators are surveyed. In addition, the interactive application of virtual control, immersive entertainment, and medical rehabilitation is also summarized. The challenges of virtual haptic interactions are given including the accuracy, durability, and technical conflicts of the sensing devices, bottlenecks of various feedbacks, as well as the closed-loop interaction system. Besides, the prospects are outlined in artificial intelligence of things, wise information technology of medicine, and multimedia VR areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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9
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Kim YH, Jun J, Oh YK, Choi HJ, Lee MJ, Min KS, Kim SH, Lee H, Nam HS, Singh S, Kim BJ, Lee J. Assessing the Role of Yarn Placement in Plated Knit Strain Sensors: A Detailed Study of Their Electromechanical Properties and Applicability in Bending Cycle Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1690. [PMID: 38475225 DOI: 10.3390/s24051690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explore how the strategic positioning of conductive yarns influences the performance of plated knit strain sensors fabricated using commercial knitting machines with both conductive and non-conductive yarns. Our study reveals that sensors with conductive yarns located at the rear, referred to as 'purl plated sensors', exhibit superior performance in comparison to those with conductive yarns at the front, or 'knit plated sensors'. Specifically, purl plated sensors demonstrate a higher sensitivity, evidenced by a gauge factor ranging from 3 to 18, and a minimized strain delay, indicated by a 1% strain in their electromechanical response. To elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations, we developed an equivalent circuit model. This model examines the role of contact resistance within varying yarn configurations on the sensors' sensitivity, highlighting the critical influence of contact resistance in conductive yarns subjected to wale-wise stretching on sensor responsiveness. Furthermore, our findings illustrate that the purl plated sensors benefit from the vertical movement of non-conductive yarns, which promotes enhanced contact between adjacent conductive yarns, thereby improving both the stability and sensitivity of the sensors. The practicality of these sensors is confirmed through bending cycle tests with an in situ monitoring system, showcasing the purl plated sensors' exceptional reproducibility, with a standard deviation of 0.015 across 1000 cycles, and their superior sensitivity, making them ideal for wearable devices designed for real-time joint movement monitoring. This research highlights the critical importance of conductive yarn placement in sensor efficacy, providing valuable guidance for crafting advanced textile-based strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hee Kim
- Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Jun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University, Siheung-si 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kyung Oh
- Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ji Choi
- Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Lee
- School of Natural Sciences, Taejae University, Seoul 03151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sik Min
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyon Kim
- Department of Fashion Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- Department of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Nam
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Son Singh
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University, Siheung-si 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegab Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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10
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Park J, Lee Y, Cho S, Choe A, Yeom J, Ro YG, Kim J, Kang DH, Lee S, Ko H. Soft Sensors and Actuators for Wearable Human-Machine Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1464-1534. [PMID: 38314694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Haptic human-machine interfaces (HHMIs) combine tactile sensation and haptic feedback to allow humans to interact closely with machines and robots, providing immersive experiences and convenient lifestyles. Significant progress has been made in developing wearable sensors that accurately detect physical and electrophysiological stimuli with improved softness, functionality, reliability, and selectivity. In addition, soft actuating systems have been developed to provide high-quality haptic feedback by precisely controlling force, displacement, frequency, and spatial resolution. In this Review, we discuss the latest technological advances of soft sensors and actuators for the demonstration of wearable HHMIs. We particularly focus on highlighting material and structural approaches that enable desired sensing and feedback properties necessary for effective wearable HHMIs. Furthermore, promising practical applications of current HHMI technology in various areas such as the metaverse, robotics, and user-interactive devices are discussed in detail. Finally, this Review further concludes by discussing the outlook for next-generation HHMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungse Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Choe
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Yeom
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Seifaddini P, Sheikhahmadi S, Kolahdouz M, Aghababa H. Smart Printed Triboelectric Wearable Sensor with High Performance for Glove-Based Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9506-9516. [PMID: 38346320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In a world increasingly driven by data, wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a convenient way to monitor and collect information about human body motions. To meet the demands of the large-scale production of wearable TENGs, material selection to realize a high conversion efficiency and simplify the fabrication process remains a challenge. To address these issues, we present a simple-structured wearable printed arc-shaped triboelectric sensor (PATS) for finger motion detection by leveraging inkjet printing technology. In this regard, pressure sensors composed of diverse materials based on dielectric-dielectric and metal-dielectric structures in contact-separation mode were fabricated and compared. Thanks to the unique characteristics of the silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP)-printed layer and silicon rubber (SR), the SR-Ag PATS shows a high peak-to-peak voltage of 14.15 V and a short-circuit current of 0.78 μA. The proposed sensor with the capability of accurately identifying finger motions at various bending angles suggests promising application potential in glove-based human-machine interface (HMI) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Seifaddini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Sheikhahmadi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kolahdouz
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghababa
- Department of Engineering, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21210, United States
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12
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Chen YT, Wang HL, Sun S, Cheng ZW, Zhang YK, Zheng S, Zhang TY, Ma HF, Cui TJ. Computer-Vision Based Gesture-Metasurface Interaction System for Beam Manipulation and Wireless Communication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305152. [PMID: 38044308 PMCID: PMC10837369 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hand gesture plays an important role in many circumstances, which is one of the most common interactive methods in daily life, especially for disabled people. Human-machine interaction is another popular research topic to realize direct and efficient control, making machines intelligent and maneuverable. Here, a special human-machine interaction system is proposed and namedas computer-vision (CV) based gesture-metasurface interaction (GMI) system, which can be used for both direct beam manipulations and real-time wireless communications. The GMI system first needs to select its working mode according to the gesture command to determine whether to perform beam manipulations or wireless communications, and then validate the permission for further operation by recognizing unlocking gesture to ensure security. Both beam manipulation and wireless communication functions are validated experimentally, which show that the GMI system can not only realize real-time switching and remote control of different beams through gesture command, but also communicate with a remote computer in real time by translating the gesture language to text message. The proposed non-contact GMI system has the advantages of good interactivity, high flexibility, and multiple functions, which can find potential applications in community security, gesture-command smart home, barrier-free communications, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Teng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Hai Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Shi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Zhang Wen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yan Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Sen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Tai Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Hui Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Institute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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13
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Martini A, Cozza A, Di Pasquale Fiasca VM. The Inheritance of Hearing Loss and Deafness: A Historical Perspective. Audiol Res 2024; 14:116-128. [PMID: 38391767 PMCID: PMC10886121 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
If the term "genetics" is a relatively recent proposition, introduced in 1905 by English biologist William Bateson, who rediscovered and spread in the scientific community Mendel's principles of inheritance, since the dawn of human civilization the influence of heredity has been recognized, especially in agricultural crops and animal breeding. And, later, in familial dynasties. In this concise review, we outline the evolution of the idea of hereditary hearing loss, up to the current knowledge of molecular genetics and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Martini
- Padova University Research Center "International Auditory Processing Project in Venice (I-APPROVE)", Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Cozza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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14
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Li R, Wei D, Wang Z. Synergizing Machine Learning Algorithm with Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Advanced Self-Powered Sensing Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38251130 PMCID: PMC10819602 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for large-scale intelligent sensing systems. The periodic replacement of power sources for ubiquitous sensing systems leads to significant resource waste and environmental pollution. Human staffing costs associated with replacement also increase the economic burden. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide both an energy harvesting scheme and the possibility of self-powered sensing. Based on contact electrification from different materials, TENGs provide a rich material selection to collect complex and diverse data. As the data collected by TENGs become increasingly numerous and complex, different approaches to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms have been proposed to efficiently process output signals. In this paper, the latest advances in ML algorithms assisting solid-solid TENG and liquid-solid TENG sensors are reviewed based on the sample size and complexity of the data. The pros and cons of various algorithms are analyzed and application scenarios of various TENG sensing systems are presented. The prospects of synergizing hardware (TENG sensors) with software (ML algorithms) in a complex environment and their main challenges for future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wei
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
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15
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Gu Y, Oku H, Todoh M. American Sign Language Recognition and Translation Using Perception Neuron Wearable Inertial Motion Capture System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:453. [PMID: 38257544 PMCID: PMC10819960 DOI: 10.3390/s24020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sign language is designed as a natural communication method to convey messages among the deaf community. In the study of sign language recognition through wearable sensors, the data sources are limited, and the data acquisition process is complex. This research aims to collect an American sign language dataset with a wearable inertial motion capture system and realize the recognition and end-to-end translation of sign language sentences with deep learning models. In this work, a dataset consisting of 300 commonly used sentences is gathered from 3 volunteers. In the design of the recognition network, the model mainly consists of three layers: convolutional neural network, bi-directional long short-term memory, and connectionist temporal classification. The model achieves accuracy rates of 99.07% in word-level evaluation and 97.34% in sentence-level evaluation. In the design of the translation network, the encoder-decoder structured model is mainly based on long short-term memory with global attention. The word error rate of end-to-end translation is 16.63%. The proposed method has the potential to recognize more sign language sentences with reliable inertial data from the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Gu
- Faculty of Informatics, Gunma University, Kiryu 3768515, Japan;
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608628, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Oku
- Faculty of Informatics, Gunma University, Kiryu 3768515, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Todoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608628, Japan;
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16
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Tian H, Li X, Gou GY, Jian JM, Zhu B, Ji S, Ding H, Guo Z, Yang Y, Ren TL. Graphene-based Two-Stage Enhancement Pressure Sensor for Subtle Mechanical Force Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1005-1014. [PMID: 38134343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of pressure sensors with high sensitivity and a low detection limit for subtle mechanical force monitoring and the understanding of the sensing mechanism behind subtle mechanical force monitoring are of great significance for intelligent technology. Here, we proposed a graphene-based two-stage enhancement pressure sensor (GTEPS), and we analyzed the difference between subtle mechanical force monitoring and conventional mechanical force monitoring. The GTEPS exhibited a high sensitivity of 62.2 kPa-1 and a low detection limit of 0.1 Pa. Leveraging its excellent performance, the GTEPS was successfully applied in various subtle mechanical force monitoring applications, including acoustic wave detection, voice-print recognition, and pulse wave monitoring. In acoustic wave detection, the GTEPS achieved a 100% recognition accuracy for six words. In voiceprint recognition, the sensor exhibited accurate identification of distinct voiceprints among individuals. Furthermore, in pulse wave monitoring, GTEPS demonstrated effective detection of pulse waves. By combination of the pulse wave signals with electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, it enabled the assessment of blood pressure. These results demonstrate the excellent performance of GTEPS and highlight its great potential for subtle mechanical force monitoring and its various applications. The current results indicate that GTEPS shows great potential for applications in subtle mechanical force monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoshi Li
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang-Yang Gou
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jin-Ming Jian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shourui Ji
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengbin Ding
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research on Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Liang Q, Zhang D, He T, Zhang Z, Wang H, Chen S, Lee C. Fiber-Based Noncontact Sensor with Stretchability for Underwater Wearable Sensing and VR Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:600-611. [PMID: 38126347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligent wearable devices has led to an increasing need for seamless information exchange between humans, machines, and virtual spaces, often relying on touch sensors as the primary interaction medium. Additionally, the demand for underwater detection technologies is on the rise owing to the prevalent wet and submerged environment. Here, a fiber-based capacitive sensor with superior stretchability and hydrophobicity is proposed, designed to cater to noncontact and underwater applications. The sensor is constructed using bacterial cellulose (BC)@BC/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (BBT) helical fiber as the matrix and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the hydrophobic modified agent, forming a hydrophobic silylated BC@BC/CNT (SBBT) helical fiber by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. These fibers exhibit an impressive contact angle of 132.8°. The SBBT helicalfiber-based capacitive sensor presents capabilities for both noncontact and underwater sensing, which exhibits a significant capacitance change of -0.27 (at a distance of 0.5 cm). We have achieved interactive control between real space and virtual space through intelligent data analysis technology with minimal interference from the presence of water. This work has laid a solid foundation of noncontact sensing with attributes such as degradability, stretchability, and hydrophobicity. Moreover, it offers promising solutions for barrier-free communication in virtual reality (VR) and underwater applications, providing avenues for smart human-machine interfaces for submerged use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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18
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Sun T, Feng B, Huo J, Xiao Y, Wang W, Peng J, Li Z, Du C, Wang W, Zou G, Liu L. Artificial Intelligence Meets Flexible Sensors: Emerging Smart Flexible Sensing Systems Driven by Machine Learning and Artificial Synapses. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 37955844 PMCID: PMC10643743 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent wave of the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society. As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals, flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system, which is capable of highly efficient acquisition, analysis, and even perception of vast, multifaceted data. While challenging from a manual perspective, the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm (machine learning) and the framework (artificial synapses) level. This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven, intelligent flexible sensing systems. The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced. The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed, which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems, soft/humanoid robotics, and human activity monitoring. As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century, the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Huo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guisheng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Kim K, Yang H, Lee J, Lee WG. Metaverse Wearables for Immersive Digital Healthcare: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303234. [PMID: 37740417 PMCID: PMC10625124 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent exponential growth of metaverse technology has been instrumental in reshaping a myriad of sectors, not least digital healthcare. This comprehensive review critically examines the landscape and future applications of metaverse wearables toward immersive digital healthcare. The key technologies and advancements that have spearheaded the metamorphosis of metaverse wearables are categorized, encapsulating all-encompassed extended reality, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and other haptic feedback systems. Moreover, the fundamentals of their deployment in assistive healthcare (especially for rehabilitation), medical and nursing education, and remote patient management and treatment are investigated. The potential benefits of integrating metaverse wearables into healthcare paradigms are multifold, encompassing improved patient prognosis, enhanced accessibility to high-quality care, and high standards of practitioner instruction. Nevertheless, these technologies are not without their inherent challenges and untapped opportunities, which span privacy protection, data safeguarding, and innovation in artificial intelligence. In summary, future research trajectories and potential advancements to circumvent these hurdles are also discussed, further augmenting the incorporation of metaverse wearables within healthcare infrastructures in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Kim
- Intelligent Optical Module Research CenterKorea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI)Gwangju61007Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosill Yang
- Department of NursingCollege of Nursing ScienceKyung Hee UniversitySeoul02447Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin17104Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin17104Republic of Korea
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20
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Sun B, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhai Y, Gao C, Zhang Z. Fabrication of Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Sensors Using 355 nm Ultraviolet Laser and Their Application in Human-Computer Interaction System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6938. [PMID: 37959536 PMCID: PMC10648489 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) have played an important role in areas such as smart healthcare, smart skin, and wearable devices. This paper presents the fabrication of flexible sensors based on LIG technology and their applications in human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. Firstly, LIG with a sheet resistance as low as 4.5 Ω per square was generated through direct laser interaction with commercial polyimide (PI) film. The flexible sensors were then fabricated through a one-step method using the as-prepared LIG. The applications of the flexible sensors were demonstrated by an HCI system, which was fabricated through the integration of the flexible sensors and a flexible glove. The as-prepared HCI system could detect the bending motions of different fingers and translate them into the movements of the mouse on the computer screen. At the end of the paper, a demonstration of the HCI system is presented in which words were typed on a computer screen through the bending motion of the fingers. The newly designed LIG-based flexible HCI system can be used by persons with limited mobility to control a virtual keyboard or mouse pointer, thus enhancing their accessibility and independence in the digital realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Sun
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Qixun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - You Zhai
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401100, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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21
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Son J, Cha K, Chung S, Heo D, Kim S, Choi M, Park IS, Hong J, Lee S. Recycled, Contaminated, Crumpled Aluminum Foil-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301609. [PMID: 37544923 PMCID: PMC10558650 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid urbanization and global population growth, the amount of wasted aluminum foil is significantly increasing. Most deformed and contaminated foil is difficult to recycle; hence, it is landfilled or incinerated, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, using aluminum foil waste for electricity may be conducive to addressing environmental problems. In this regard, various literatures have explored the concept of energy generation using foil, while a crumple ball design for this purpose has not been studied. Thus, a recycled foil-based crumpled ball triboelectric nanogenerator (RFCB-TENG) is proposed. The crumpled ball design can minimize the effects of contamination on foil, ensuring efficient power output. Moreover, owing to novel crumpled design, the RFCB-TENG has some outstanding characteristics to become a sustainable power source, such as ultralight weight, low noise, and high durability. By introducing the air-breakdown model, the RFCB-TENG achieved an output peak voltage of 648 V, a current of 8.1 mA cm3 , and an optimum power of 162.7 mW cm3 . The structure of the RFCB-TENG is systemically optimized depending on the design parameters to realize the optimum output performance. Finally, the RFCB-TENG operated 500 LEDs and 30-W commercial lamps. This work paves the guideline for effectively fabricating the TENG using waste-materials while exhibiting outstanding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐ho Son
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Cha
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Seh‐Hoon Chung
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjae Heo
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyun Choi
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts02114USA
| | - In Soo Park
- LS MaterialsLSMtron Hi‐Tech Center39, LS‐ro, 116‐gil, Dongan‐guAnyang‐siGyeonggi‐do14118Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou P, Zou Y, Yang J, Haick H, Wang Y. Soft Bioelectronics for Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17634-17667. [PMID: 37677154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics play an increasingly crucial role in high-precision therapeutics due to their softness, biocompatibility, clinical accuracy, long-term stability, and patient-friendliness. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest representative therapeutic applications of advanced soft bioelectronics, ranging from wearable therapeutics for skin wounds, diabetes, ophthalmic diseases, muscle disorders, and other diseases to implantable therapeutics against complex diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, neurological diseases, and others. We also highlight key challenges and opportunities for future clinical translation and commercialization of soft therapeutic bioelectronics toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhongtai Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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23
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Wang C, He T, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Lee C. Artificial intelligence enhanced sensors - enabling technologies to next-generation healthcare and biomedical platform. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37528436 PMCID: PMC10394931 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution has led to the development and application of health monitoring sensors that are characterized by digitalization and intelligence. These sensors have extensive applications in medical care, personal health management, elderly care, sports, and other fields, providing people with more convenient and real-time health services. However, these sensors face limitations such as noise and drift, difficulty in extracting useful information from large amounts of data, and lack of feedback or control signals. The development of artificial intelligence has provided powerful tools and algorithms for data processing and analysis, enabling intelligent health monitoring, and achieving high-precision predictions and decisions. By integrating the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and health monitoring sensors, it becomes possible to realize a closed-loop system with the functions of real-time monitoring, data collection, online analysis, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. This review focuses on the development of healthcare artificial sensors enhanced by intelligent technologies from the aspects of materials, device structure, system integration, and application scenarios. Specifically, this review first introduces the great advances in wearable sensors for monitoring respiration rate, heart rate, pulse, sweat, and tears; implantable sensors for cardiovascular care, nerve signal acquisition, and neurotransmitter monitoring; soft wearable electronics for precise therapy. Then, the recent advances in volatile organic compound detection are highlighted. Next, the current developments of human-machine interfaces, AI-enhanced multimode sensors, and AI-enhanced self-sustainable systems are reviewed. Last, a perspective on future directions for further research development is also provided. In summary, the fusion of artificial intelligence and artificial sensors will provide more intelligent, convenient, and secure services for next-generation healthcare and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore.
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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24
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Peng W, Ni Q, He L, Liao Q. Foam nickel-PDMS composite film based triboelectric nanogenerator for speed and acceleration sensing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17467. [PMID: 37539134 PMCID: PMC10395034 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a new energy conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can use the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction effect to convert tiny mechanical energy into electrical energy, powering small electronic devices. In this paper, a vibration sensing triboelectric nanogenerator (V-TENG) based on a foam nickel-PDMS composite film was prepared, which can convert low frequency and small-amplitude mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the open circuit voltage of V-TENG can reach 3.6V at a vibration frequency of 4 Hz. In addition, the V-TENG can be used as a self-powered speed/acceleration sensor to detect speed changes in the range of 0.3 m/s to 1.5 m/s and acceleration changes in the range of 3 m/s2 to 13 m/s2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qianqiu Ni
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linfeng He
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingxi Liao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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25
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Xu S, Xu Z, Li D, Cui T, Li X, Yang Y, Liu H, Ren T. Recent Advances in Flexible Piezoresistive Arrays: Materials, Design, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2699. [PMID: 37376345 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial distribution perception has become an important trend for flexible pressure sensors, which endows wearable health devices, bionic robots, and human-machine interactive interfaces (HMI) with more precise tactile perception capabilities. Flexible pressure sensor arrays can monitor and extract abundant health information to assist in medical detection and diagnosis. Bionic robots and HMI with higher tactile perception abilities will maximize the freedom of human hands. Flexible arrays based on piezoresistive mechanisms have been extensively researched due to the high performance of pressure-sensing properties and simple readout principles. This review summarizes multiple considerations in the design of flexible piezoresistive arrays and recent advances in their development. First, frequently used piezoresistive materials and microstructures are introduced in which various strategies to improve sensor performance are presented. Second, pressure sensor arrays with spatial distribution perception capability are discussed emphatically. Crosstalk is a particular concern for sensor arrays, where mechanical and electrical sources of crosstalk issues and the corresponding solutions are highlighted. Third, several processing methods are also introduced, classified as printing, field-assisted and laser-assisted fabrication. Next, the representative application works of flexible piezoresistive arrays are provided, including human-interactive systems, healthcare devices, and some other scenarios. Finally, outlooks on the development of piezoresistive arrays are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zigan Xu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianrui Cui
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Bao R, Tao J, Zhao J, Dong M, Li J, Pan C. Integrated intelligent tactile system for a humanoid robot. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1027-1037. [PMID: 37120379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Tactile perception is the basis of human motion. Achieving artificial tactility is one of the challenges in the fields of smart robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), because touch emulation relies on high-performance pressure sensor arrays, signal reading, information processing, and feedback control. In this paper, we report an integrated intelligent tactile system (IITS) that is integrated with a humanoid robot to achieve human-like artificial tactile perception. The IITS is a closed-loop system that includes a multi-channel tactile sensing e-skin, a data acquisition and information processing chip, and a feedback control. With customized preset values of threshold pressures, the IITS-integrated robot can flexibly grasp various objects. The IITS has potential applications in the design of prosthetic hands, space manipulators, deep-sea exploration robots, and human-robot interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China; School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Guo ZH, Zhang Z, An K, He T, Sun Z, Pu X, Lee C. A Wearable Multidimensional Motion Sensor for AI-Enhanced VR Sports. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0154. [PMID: 37250953 PMCID: PMC10211429 DOI: 10.34133/research.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise paves the way to a healthy life. However, conventional sports events are susceptible to weather conditions. Current motion sensors for home-based sports are mainly limited by operation power consumption, single-direction sensitivity, or inferior data analysis. Herein, by leveraging the 3-dimensional printing technique and triboelectric effect, a wearable self-powered multidimensional motion sensor has been developed to detect both the vertical and planar movement trajectory. By integrating with a belt, this sensor could be used to identify some low degree of freedom motions, e.g., waist or gait motion, with a high accuracy of 93.8%. Furthermore, when wearing the sensor at the ankle position, signals generated from shank motions that contain more abundant information could also be effectively collected. By means of a deep learning algorithm, the kicking direction and force could be precisely differentiated with an accuracy of 97.5%. Toward practical application, a virtual reality-enabled fitness game and a shooting game were successfully demonstrated. This work is believed to open up new insights for the development of future household sports or rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - ZiXuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Kang An
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,
North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xiong Pu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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28
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Sharma S, Pradhan GB, Jeong S, Zhang S, Song H, Park JY. Stretchable and All-Directional Strain-Insensitive Electronic Glove for Robotic Skins and Human-Machine Interfacing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8355-8366. [PMID: 37012260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic gloves (e-gloves), with their multifunctional sensing capability, hold a promising application in robotic skin and human-machine interfaces, endowing robots with a human sense of touch. Despite the progress in developing e-gloves by exploiting flexible or stretchable sensors, existing models have inherent rigidity in their sensing area, limiting their stretchability and sensing performance. Herein, we present an all-directional strain-insensitive stretchable e-glove that successfully extends sensing functionality such as pressure, temperature, humidity, and ECG with minimal crosstalk. A scalable and facile method is successfully demonstrated by combining low-cost CO2 laser engraving and electrospinning technology to fabricate multimodal e-glove sensors with a vertical architecture. In comparison to other smart gloves, the proposed e-glove features a ripple-like meandering sensing area and interconnections that are designed to stretch in response to the applied deformation, without affecting the performance of the sensors offering full mechanical stretchability. Furthermore, CNT-coated laser-engraved graphene (CNT/LEG) is used as an active sensing material in which the cross-linking network of the CNT in the LEG minimizes the stress effect and maximizes the sensitivity of the sensors. The fabricated e-glove can detect hot/cold, moisture, and pain simultaneously and precisely, while also allowing for remote transmission of sensory data to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gagan Bahadur Pradhan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- SnE Solution Co., Ltd., 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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29
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Lin H, Wang R, Xu S, Li X, Song S. Tendon-Inspired Anisotropic Hydrogels with Excellent Mechanical Properties for Strain Sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6069-6077. [PMID: 37079920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic conductive hydrogels mimicking the natural tissues with high mechanical properties and intelligent sensing have played an important role in the field of flexible electronic devices. Herein, tensile remodeling, drying, and subsequent ion cross-linking methods were used to construct anisotropic hydrogels, which were inspired by the orientation and functionality of tendons. Due to the anisotropic arrangement of the polymer network, the mechanical performance and electrical conductivity were greatly improved in specific directions. The tensile stress and elastic modulus of the hydrogel along the network orientation were 29.82 and 28.53 MPa, which were higher than those along the vertical orientation, 9.63 and 11.7 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited structure-dependent anisotropic sensing. The gauge factors (GFs) parallel to the prestretching direction were greater than the GF along the vertical direction. Thus, the tendon-inspired conductive hydrogels with anisotropy could be used as flexible sensors for joint motion detection and voice recognition. The anisotropic hydrogel-based sensors are highly expected to promote the great development of emerging soft electronics and medical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shengnu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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30
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Lan B, Yang T, Tian G, Ao Y, Jin L, Xiong D, Wang S, Zhang H, Deng L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Deng W, Yang W. Multichannel Gradient Piezoelectric Transducer Assisted with Deep Learning for Broadband Acoustic Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12146-12153. [PMID: 36811621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of human-machine interfaces, piezoelectric voice recognition has received extensive attention due to its unique self-powered nature. However, conventional voice recognition devices exhibit a limited response frequency band due to the intrinsic hardness and brittleness of piezoelectric ceramics or the flexibility of piezoelectric fibers. Here, we propose a cochlear-inspired multichannel piezoelectric acoustic sensor (MAS) based on gradient PVDF piezoelectric nanofibers for broadband voice recognition by a programmable electrospinning technique. Compared with the common electrospun PVDF membrane-based acoustic sensor, the developed MAS demonstrates the greatly 300%-broadened frequency band and the substantially 334.6%-enhanced piezoelectric output. More importantly, this MAS can serve as a high-fidelity auditory platform for music recording and human voice recognition, in which the classification accuracy rate can reach up to 100% in coordination with deep learning. The programmable bionic gradient piezoelectric nanofiber may provide a universal strategy for the development of intelligent bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Guo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Da Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jieling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
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31
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Xu J, Pan J, Cui T, Zhang S, Yang Y, Ren TL. Recent Progress of Tactile and Force Sensors for Human-Machine Interaction. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1868. [PMID: 36850470 PMCID: PMC9961639 DOI: 10.3390/s23041868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) plays a key role in the interaction between people and machines, which allows people to easily and intuitively control the machine and immersively experience the virtual world of the meta-universe by virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) technology. Currently, wearable skin-integrated tactile and force sensors are widely used in immersive human-machine interactions due to their ultra-thin, ultra-soft, conformal characteristics. In this paper, the recent progress of tactile and force sensors used in HMI are reviewed, including piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and other sensors. Then, this paper discusses how to improve the performance of tactile and force sensors for HMI. Next, this paper summarizes the HMI for dexterous robotic manipulation and VR/AR applications. Finally, this paper summarizes and proposes the future development trend of HMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiong Pan
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianrui Cui
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Yuan M, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhao Y. Recent Progress of Energy-Storage-Device-Integrated Sensing Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13040645. [PMID: 36839014 PMCID: PMC9964226 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid prosperity of the Internet of things, intelligent human-machine interaction and health monitoring are becoming the focus of attention. Wireless sensing systems, especially self-powered sensing systems that can work continuously and sustainably for a long time without an external power supply have been successfully explored and developed. Yet, the system integrated by energy-harvester needs to be exposed to a specific energy source to drive the work, which provides limited application scenarios, low stability, and poor continuity. Integrating the energy storage unit and sensing unit into a single system may provide efficient ways to solve these above problems, promoting potential applications in portable and wearable electronics. In this review, we focus on recent advances in energy-storage-device-integrated sensing systems for wearable electronics, including tactile sensors, temperature sensors, chemical and biological sensors, and multifunctional sensing systems, because of their universal utilization in the next generation of smart personal electronics. Finally, the future perspectives of energy-storage-device-integrated sensing systems are discussed.
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33
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Fang H, Wang L, Fu Z, Xu L, Guo W, Huang J, Wang ZL, Wu H. Anatomically Designed Triboelectric Wristbands with Adaptive Accelerated Learning for Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205960. [PMID: 36683215 PMCID: PMC9951357 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in flexible wearable devices have boosted the remarkable development of devices for human-machine interfaces, which are of great value to emerging cybernetics, robotics, and Metaverse systems. However, the effectiveness of existing approaches is limited by the quality of sensor data and classification models with high computational costs. Here, a novel gesture recognition system with triboelectric smart wristbands and an adaptive accelerated learning (AAL) model is proposed. The sensor array is well deployed according to the wrist anatomy and retrieves hand motions from a distance, exhibiting highly sensitive and high-quality sensing capabilities beyond existing methods. Importantly, the anatomical design leads to the close correspondence between the actions of dominant muscle/tendon groups and gestures, and the resulting distinctive features in sensor signals are very valuable for differentiating gestures with data from 7 sensors. The AAL model realizes a 97.56% identification accuracy in training 21 classes with only one-third operands of the original neural network. The applications of the system are further exploited in real-time somatosensory teleoperations with a low latency of <1 s, revealing a new possibility for endowing cyber-human interactions with disruptive innovation and immersive experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlSchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Zhongzheng Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlSchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400China
| | - Wei Guo
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Jian Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlSchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332‐0245USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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34
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Huang J, Xie G, Wei Q, Su Y, Xu X, Jiang Y. Degradable MXene-Doped Polylactic Acid Textiles for Wearable Biomonitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5600-5607. [PMID: 36563019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Degradable wearable electronics offer a promising route to construct sustainable cities and reduced carbon society. However, the difficult functionalization and the poor stability of degradable sensitive materials dramatically restrict their application in personalized healthcare assessment. Herein, we developed a scalable, low-cost, and porosity degradable MXene-polylactic acid textile (DMPT) for on-body biomonitoring via electrospinning. A combination of polydimethylsiloxane templating and MXene flake impregnation methods endows the fabricated DMPT with a sensitivity of 5.37/kPa, a fast response time of 98 ms, and a good mechanical stability (over 6000 cycles). An efficient degradation of as-electrospun DMPTs was observed in 1 wt % sodium carbonate solution. It is found that the incorporation of MXene nanosheets boosts the hydrophilicity and degradation efficiency of active polylactic acid nanofibrous films in comparison with the pristine counterpart. Furthermore, the as-received DMPT demonstrates great capability in monitoring physiological activities of wrist pulse, knuckle bending, swallowing, and vocalization. This work opens up a new paradigm for developing and optimizing high-performance degradable on-body electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qikun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuanjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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35
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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36
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Xu P, Zheng J, Liu J, Liu X, Wang X, Wang S, Guan T, Fu X, Xu M, Xie G, Wang ZL. Deep-Learning-Assisted Underwater 3D Tactile Tensegrity. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0062. [PMID: 36930813 PMCID: PMC10013964 DOI: 10.34133/research.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The growth of underwater robotic applications in ocean exploration and research has created an urgent need for effective tactile sensing. Here, we propose an underwater 3-dimensional tactile tensegrity (U3DTT) based on soft self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators and deep-learning-assisted data analytics. This device can measure and distinguish the magnitude, location, and orientation of perturbations in real time from both flow field and interaction with obstacles and provide collision protection for underwater vehicles operation. It is enabled by the structure that mimics terrestrial animals' musculoskeletal systems composed of both stiff bones and stretchable muscles. Moreover, when successfully integrated with underwater vehicles, the U3DTT shows advantages of multiple degrees of freedom in its shape modes, an ultrahigh sensitivity, and fast response times with a low cost and conformability. The real-time 3-dimensional pose of the U3DTT has been predicted with an average root-mean-square error of 0.76 in a water pool, indicating that this developed U3DTT is a promising technology in vehicles with tactile feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jiaxi Zheng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Tangzhen Guan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xianping Fu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Minyi Xu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guangming Xie
- Intelligent Biomimetic Design Lab, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
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37
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Hui X, Li Z, Tang L, Sun J, Hou X, Chen J, Peng Y, Wu Z, Guo H. A Self-Powered, Highly Embedded and Sensitive Tribo-Label-Sensor for the Fast and Stable Label Printer. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 36586015 PMCID: PMC9805486 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Label-sensor is an essential component of the label printer which is becoming a most significant tool for the development of Internet of Things (IoT). However, some drawbacks of the traditional infrared label-sensor make the printer fail to realize the high-speed recognition of labels as well as stable printing. Herein, we propose a self-powered and highly sensitive tribo-label-sensor (TLS) for accurate label identification, positioning and counting by embedding triboelectric nanogenerator into the indispensable roller structure of a label printer. The sensing mechanism, device parameters and deep comparison with infrared sensor are systematically studied both in theory and experiment. As the results, TLS delivers 6 times higher signal magnitude than traditional one. Moreover, TLS is immune to label jitter and temperature variation during fast printing and can also be used for transparent label directly and shows long-term robustness. This work may provide an alternative toolkit with outstanding advantages to improve current label printer and further promote the development of IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Hui
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Tang
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhe Hou
- Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing, 401123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hengyu Guo
- School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Li D, Zhou J, Yao K, Liu S, He J, Su J, Qu Q, Gao Y, Song Z, Yiu C, Sha C, Sun Z, Zhang B, Li J, Huang L, Xu C, Wong TH, Huang X, Li J, Ye R, Wei L, Zhang Z, Guo X, Dai Y, Xie Z, Yu X. Touch IoT enabled by wireless self-sensing and haptic-reproducing electronic skin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2450. [PMID: 36563155 PMCID: PMC9788763 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensations are mainly transmitted to each other by physical touch. Wireless touch perception could be a revolution for us to interact with the world. Here, we report a wireless self-sensing and haptic-reproducing electronic skin (e-skin) to realize noncontact touch communications. A flexible self-sensing actuator was developed to provide an integrated function in both tactile sensing and haptic feedback. When this e-skin was dynamically pressed, the actuator generated an induced voltage as tactile information. Via wireless communication, another e-skin could receive this tactile data and run a synchronized haptic reproduction. Thus, touch could be wirelessly conveyed in bidirections between two users as a touch intercom. Furthermore, this e-skin could be connected with various smart devices to form a touch internet of things where one-to-one and one-to-multiple touch delivery could be realized. This wireless touch presents huge potentials in remote touch video, medical care/assistance, education, and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiahui He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingyou Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qing’ao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chunki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chuanlu Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Libei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Tsz Hung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Tencent Robotics X, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | | | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Tencent Robotics X, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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39
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Faisal MAA, Abir FF, Ahmed MU, Ahad MAR. Exploiting domain transformation and deep learning for hand gesture recognition using a low-cost dataglove. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21446. [PMID: 36509815 PMCID: PMC9743107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand gesture recognition is one of the most widely explored areas under the human-computer interaction domain. Although various modalities of hand gesture recognition have been explored in the last three decades, in recent years, due to the availability of hardware and deep learning algorithms, hand gesture recognition research has attained renewed momentum. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost dataglove for classifying hand gestures in the light of deep learning. We have developed a cost-effective dataglove using five flex sensors, an inertial measurement unit, and a powerful microcontroller for onboard processing and wireless connectivity. We have collected data from 25 subjects for 24 static and 16 dynamic American sign language gestures for validating our system. Moreover, we proposed a novel Spatial Projection Image-based technique for dynamic hand gesture recognition. We also explored a parallel-path neural network architecture for handling multimodal data more effectively. Our method produced an F1-score of 82.19% for static gestures and 97.35% for dynamic gestures from a leave-one-out-cross-validation approach. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising performance of a generalized hand gesture recognition technique in hand gesture recognition. The dataset used in this work has been made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ahasan Atick Faisal
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Farhan Fuad Abir
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mosabber Uddin Ahmed
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad
- grid.60969.300000 0001 2189 1306Department of Computer Science and Digital Technologies, University of East London, London, UK
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40
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Liu Y, Zhuo F, Zhou J, Kuang L, Tan K, Lu H, Cai J, Guo Y, Cao R, Fu Y, Duan H. Machine-Learning Assisted Handwriting Recognition Using Graphene Oxide-Based Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54276-54286. [PMID: 36417548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Machine-learning assisted handwriting recognition is crucial for development of next-generation biometric technologies. However, most of the currently reported handwriting recognition systems are lacking in flexible sensing and machine learning capabilities, both of which are essential for implementation of intelligent systems. Herein, assisted by machine learning, we develop a new handwriting recognition system, which can be applied as both a recognizer for written texts and an encryptor for confidential information. This flexible and intelligent handwriting recognition system combines a printed circuit board with graphene oxide-based hydrogel sensors. It offers fast response and good sensitivity and allows high-precision recognition of handwritten content from a single letter to words and signatures. By analyzing 690 acquired handwritten signatures obtained from seven participants, we successfully demonstrate a fast recognition time (less than 1 s) and a high recognition rate (∼91.30%). Our developed handwriting recognition system has great potential in advanced human-machine interactions, wearable communication devices, soft robotics manipulators, and augmented virtual reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Fengling Zhuo
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Linjuan Kuang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Kaitao Tan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Haibao Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Jianbing Cai
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Yihao Guo
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Rongtao Cao
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
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41
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Chen M, Li P, Wang R, Xiang Y, Huang Z, Yu Q, He M, Liu J, Wang J, Su M, Zhang M, Jian A, Ouyang J, Zhang C, Li J, Dong M, Zeng S, Wu J, Hong P, Hou C, Zhou N, Zhang D, Zhou H, Tao G. Multifunctional Fiber-Enabled Intelligent Health Agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200985. [PMID: 35820163 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of wearable devices is promoting the development toward digitization and intelligence in the field of health. However, the current smart devices centered on human health have disadvantages such as weak perception, high interference degree, and unfriendly interaction. Here, an intelligent health agent based on multifunctional fibers, with the characteristics of autonomy, activeness, intelligence, and perceptibility enabling health services, is proposed. According to the requirements for healthcare in the medical field and daily life, four major aspects driven by intelligent agents, including health monitoring, therapy, protection, and minimally invasive surgery, are summarized from the perspectives of materials science, medicine, and computer science. The function of intelligent health agents is realized through multifunctional fibers as sensing units and artificial intelligence technology as a cognitive engine. The structure, characteristics, and performance of fibers and analysis systems and algorithms are reviewed, while discussing future challenges and opportunities in healthcare and medicine. Finally, based on the above four aspects, future scenarios related to health protection of a person's life are presented. Intelligent health agents will have the potential to accelerate the realization of precision medicine and active health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhuo Xiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Muyao He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Minyu Su
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Manni Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Aijia Jian
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Ouyang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shaoning Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hong
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Chong Hou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Optics and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Health and Health Committee, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, P. R. China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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42
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Wang T, Zhao Y, Wang Q. A Flexible Iontronic Capacitive Sensing Array for Hand Gesture Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Soft Robot 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2021.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Wang
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbiao Zhao
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Qining Wang
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation Engineering, Beijing, China
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
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43
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Chen M, Ouyang J, Jian A, Liu J, Li P, Hao Y, Gong Y, Hu J, Zhou J, Wang R, Wang J, Hu L, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Zhang J, Hou C, Wei L, Zhou H, Zhang D, Tao G. Imperceptible, designable, and scalable braided electronic cord. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7097. [PMID: 36402785 PMCID: PMC9675780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensors, friendly interfaces, and intelligent recognition are important in the research of novel human-computer interaction and the development of smart devices. However, major challenges are still encountered in designing user-centered smart devices with natural, convenient, and efficient interfaces. Inspired by the characteristics of textile-based flexible electronic sensors, in this article, we report a braided electronic cord with a low-cost, and automated fabrication to realize imperceptible, designable, and scalable user interfaces. The braided electronic cord is in a miniaturized form, which is suitable for being integrated with various occasions in life. To achieve high-precision interaction, a multi-feature fusion algorithm is designed to recognize gestures of different positions, different contact areas, and different movements performed on a single braided electronic cord. The recognized action results are fed back to varieties of interactive terminals, which show the diversity of cord forms and applications. Our braided electronic cord with the features of user friendliness, excellent durability and rich interaction mode will greatly promote the development of human-machine integration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Ouyang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Aijia Jian
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yixue Hao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Gong
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Hu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Long Hu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Ju Ouyang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.503241.10000 0004 1760 9015School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Hou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wei
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Huamin Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- grid.507952.c0000 0004 1764 577XWuhan Jinyintan Hospital, 430048 Wuhan, Hubei China ,Hubei Provincial Health and Health Committee, 430015 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Guangming Tao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
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44
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Shen S, Yi J, Sun Z, Guo Z, He T, Ma L, Li H, Fu J, Lee C, Wang ZL. Human Machine Interface with Wearable Electronics Using Biodegradable Triboelectric Films for Calligraphy Practice and Correction. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:225. [PMID: 36378352 PMCID: PMC9666580 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Letter handwriting, especially stroke correction, is of great importance for recording languages and expressing and exchanging ideas for individual behavior and the public. In this study, a biodegradable and conductive carboxymethyl chitosan-silk fibroin (CSF) film is prepared to design wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (denoted as CSF-TENG), which outputs of Voc ≈ 165 V, Isc ≈ 1.4 μA, and Qsc ≈ 72 mW cm-2. Further, in vitro biodegradation of CSF film is performed through trypsin and lysozyme. The results show that trypsin and lysozyme have stable and favorable biodegradation properties, removing 63.1% of CSF film after degrading for 11 days. Further, the CSF-TENG-based human-machine interface (HMI) is designed to promptly track writing steps and access the accuracy of letters, resulting in a straightforward communication media of human and machine. The CSF-TENG-based HMI can automatically recognize and correct three representative letters (F, H, and K), which is benefited by HMI system for data processing and analysis. The CSF-TENG-based HMI can make decisions for the next stroke, highlighting the stroke in advance by replacing it with red, which can be a candidate for calligraphy practice and correction. Finally, various demonstrations are done in real-time to achieve virtual and real-world controls including writing, vehicle movements, and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zihao Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Liyun Ma
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, P. R. China
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, P. R. China.
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.
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45
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Zhao X, Xuan J, Li Q, Gao F, Xun X, Liao Q, Zhang Y. Roles of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Pursuing Human-Machine-Thing Natural Interaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2207437. [PMID: 36284476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of low-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent properties can meet almost all the requirements of functional materials for information sensing, processing, and feedback devices. Low-dimensional nanomaterials are becoming the star of hope on the road to pursuing human-machine-thing natural interactions, benefiting from the breakthroughs in precise preparation, performance regulation, structural design, and device construction in recent years. This review summarizes several types of low-dimensional nanomaterials commonly used in human-machine-thing natural interactions and outlines the differences in properties and application areas of different materials. According to the sequence of information flow in the human-machine-thing interaction process, the representative research progress of low-dimensional nanomaterials-based information sensing, processing, and feedback devices is reviewed and the key roles played by low-dimensional nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the development trends and existing challenges of low-dimensional nanomaterials in the field of human-machine-thing natural interaction technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Xuan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Xun
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qingliang Liao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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46
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Kim T, Shin Y, Kang K, Kim K, Kim G, Byeon Y, Kim H, Gao Y, Lee JR, Son G, Kim T, Jun Y, Kim J, Lee J, Um S, Kwon Y, Son BG, Cho M, Sang M, Shin J, Kim K, Suh J, Choi H, Hong S, Cheng H, Kang HG, Hwang D, Yu KJ. Ultrathin crystalline-silicon-based strain gauges with deep learning algorithms for silent speech interfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5815. [PMID: 36192403 PMCID: PMC9530138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A wearable silent speech interface (SSI) is a promising platform that enables verbal communication without vocalization. The most widely studied methodology for SSI focuses on surface electromyography (sEMG). However, sEMG suffers from low scalability because of signal quality-related issues, including signal-to-noise ratio and interelectrode interference. Hence, here, we present a novel SSI by utilizing crystalline-silicon-based strain sensors combined with a 3D convolutional deep learning algorithm. Two perpendicularly placed strain gauges with minimized cell dimension (<0.1 mm2) could effectively capture the biaxial strain information with high reliability. We attached four strain sensors near the subject’s mouths and collected strain data of unprecedently large wordsets (100 words), which our SSI can classify at a high accuracy rate (87.53%). Several analysis methods were demonstrated to verify the system’s reliability, as well as the performance comparison with another SSI using sEMG electrodes with the same dimension, which exhibited a relatively low accuracy rate (42.60%). Designing an efficient platform that enables verbal communication without vocalization remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a silent speech interface by utilizing a deep learning algorithm combined with strain sensors attached near the subject’s mouth, able to collect 100 words and classify at a high accuracy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemin Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejee Shin
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyowon Kang
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanho Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsu Byeon
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayeon Kim
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jeong Ryong Lee
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Son
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseong Kim
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Jun
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Um
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohwan Kwon
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gwan Son
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongki Cho
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Sang
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoon Shin
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubeen Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Suh
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyeong Choi
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjun Hong
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hong-Goo Kang
- Digital Signal Processing & Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dosik Hwang
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institute, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institute, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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47
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Shen S, Xiao X, Yin J, Xiao X, Chen J. Self-Powered Smart Gloves Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200830. [PMID: 36068171 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hands are used in all facets of daily life, from simple tasks such as grasping and holding to complex tasks such as communication and using technology. Finding a way to not only monitor hand movements and gestures but also to integrate that data with technology is thus a worthwhile task. Gesture recognition is particularly important for those who rely on sign language to communicate, but the limitations of current vision-based and sensor-based methods, including lack of portability, bulkiness, low sensitivity, highly expensive, and need for external power sources, among many others, make them impractical for daily use. To resolve these issues, smart gloves can be created using a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a self-powered technology that functions based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction and is also cheap to manufacture, small in size, lightweight, and highly flexible in terms of materials and design. In this review, an overview of the existing self-powered smart gloves will be provided based on TENGs, both for gesture recognition and human-machine interface, concluding with a discussion on the future outlook of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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48
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Zeng Q, Wang F, Hu R, Ding X, Lu Y, Shi G, Haick H, Zhang M. Debonding-On-Demand Polymeric Wound Patches for Minimal Adhesion and Clinical Communication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202635. [PMID: 35988152 PMCID: PMC9561782 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a multifunctional bilayer wound patch is developed by integrating a debonding-on-demand polymeric tissue adhesive (DDPTA) with an ionic conducting elastomer (ICE). As a skin adhesive layer, the DDPTA is soft and adherent at skin temperature but hard and non-tacky when cooled, so it provides unique temperature-triggered quick adhesion and non-forced detachment from the skin. During use, the dense surface of the DDPTA prevents blood infiltration and reduces unnecessary blood loss with gentle pressing. Moreover, its hydrophobic matrix helps to repel blood and prevents the formation of clots, thus precluding wound tearing during its removal. This unique feature enables the DDPTA to avoid the severe deficiencies of hydrophilic adhesives, providing a reliable solution for a wide range of secondary wound injuries. The DDPTA is versatile in that it can be covered with ICE to configure a DDPTA@ICE patch for initiating non-verbal communication systems by the fingers, leading toward sign language recognition and a remote clinical alarm system. This multifunctional wound patch with debonding-on-demand can promote a new style of tissue sealant for convenient clinical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Fangbing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Ruixuan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Xuyin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Yifan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa320003Israel
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐RestorationShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEngineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education)East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
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49
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Zhu M, Sun Z, Lee C. Soft Modular Glove with Multimodal Sensing and Augmented Haptic Feedback Enabled by Materials' Multifunctionalities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14097-14110. [PMID: 35998364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immersive communications rely on smart perception based on diversified and augmented sensing and feedback technologies. However, the increasing of functional components also raises the issue of increased system complexity. Here, we propose a modular soft glove with multimodal sensing and feedback functions by exploring and utilizing the multiple properties of glove materials. With a single design of basic structure, the main functional unit possesses triboelectric-based sensing of static and dynamic contact, vibration, strain, and pneumatic actuation. Additionally, the same unit is also capable of offering pneumatic tactile haptic feedback and electroresistive thermal haptic feedback. Together with a machine learning algorithm, the proposed glove not only performs real-time detection of dexterous hand motion and direct feedback but also realizes intelligent object recognition and augmented feedback, which significantly enhance the communication and perception of more comprehensive information. In general, this glove utilizes a facile designed sensing and feedback device to achieve dual-way and multimodal communication among humans, machines, and the virtual world via smart perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Zhu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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50
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Sun Z, Zhu M, Shan X, Lee C. Augmented tactile-perception and haptic-feedback rings as human-machine interfaces aiming for immersive interactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5224. [PMID: 36064838 PMCID: PMC9445040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements of virtual reality technology pave the way for developing wearable devices to enable somatosensory sensation, which can bring more comprehensive perception and feedback in the metaverse-based virtual society. Here, we propose augmented tactile-perception and haptic-feedback rings with multimodal sensing and feedback capabilities. This highly integrated ring consists of triboelectric and pyroelectric sensors for tactile and temperature perception, and vibrators and nichrome heaters for vibro- and thermo-haptic feedback. All these components integrated on the ring can be directly driven by a custom wireless platform of low power consumption for wearable/portable scenarios. With voltage integration processing, high-resolution continuous finger motion tracking is achieved via the triboelectric tactile sensor, which also contributes to superior performance in gesture/object recognition with artificial intelligence analysis. By fusing the multimodal sensing and feedback functions, an interactive metaverse platform with cross-space perception capability is successfully achieved, giving people a face-to-face like immersive virtual social experience. Current wearable solutions for Virtual Reality (VR) have limitations of complicated structures and large driven power. Here, the authors report a highly integrated ring consisting of multimodal sensing and feedback units for augmented interactions in metaverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Minglu Zhu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuechuan Shan
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Printed Intelligent Device Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 637662, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. .,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. .,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
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