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Li Z, Yin Q, Lv W, Shen J, Wang S, Zhao T, Cai J, Lei H, Lin SZ, Zhang Y, Shen B. Electron-Assisted Generation and Straight Movement of Skyrmion Bubble in Kagome TbMn 6Sn 6. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309538. [PMID: 38366361 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Topological magnetic textures are promising candidates as binary data units for the next-generation memory device. The precise generation and convenient control of nontrivial spin topology at zero field near room temperature endows the critical advantages in skyrmionic devices but is not simultaneously integrated into one material. Here, in the Kagome plane of quantum TbMn6Sn6, the expedient generation of the skyrmion bubbles in versatile forms of lattice, chain, and isolated one by converging the electron beam, where the electron intensity gradient contributes to the dynamic generation from local anisotropy variation near spin reorientation transition (SRT) is reported. Encouragingly, by utilizing the dynamic shift of the SRT domain interface, the straight movement is actualized with the skyrmion bubble slave to the SRT domain interface forming an elastic composite object, avoiding the usual deflection from the skyrmion Hall effect. The critical contribution of the SRT domain interface via conveniently electron-assisted heating is further theoretically validated in micromagnetic simulation, highlighting the compatible application possibility in advanced devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Qiangwei Yin
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Wenxin Lv
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tongyun Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jianwang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shi-Zeng Lin
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Open Access Research Infrastrucure, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
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2
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Niraula G, Toneto D, Goya GF, Zoppellaro G, Coaquira JAH, Muraca D, Denardin JC, Almeida TP, Knobel M, Ayesh AI, Sharma SK. Observation of magnetic vortex configuration in non-stoichiometric Fe 3O 4 nanospheres. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5015-5028. [PMID: 37705767 PMCID: PMC10496882 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and micromagnetic simulation studies of magnetic nanospheres with vortex configurations suggest that such nanostructured materials have technological advantages over conventional nanosystems for applications based on high-power-rate absorption and subsequent emission. However, full experimental evidence of magnetic vortex configurations in spheres of submicrometer size is still lacking. Here, we report the microwave irradiation fabrication of Fe3O4 nanospheres and establish their magnetic vortex configuration based on experimental results, theoretical analysis, and micromagnetic simulations. Detailed magnetic and electrical measurements, together with Mössbauer spectroscopy data, provide evidence of a loss of stoichiometry in vortex nanospheres owing to the presence of a surface oxide layer, defects, and a higher concentration of cation vacancies. The results indicate that the magnetic vortex spin configuration can be established in bulk spherical magnetite materials. This study provides crucial information that can aid the synthesis of magnetic nanospheres with magnetically tailored properties; consequently, they may be promising candidates for future technological applications based on three-dimensional magnetic vortex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Niraula
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhao Sao Luis 65080-805 Brazil
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials, NFA, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia Brasilia 70910-900 Brazil
| | | | - Gerardo F Goya
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University in Olomouc Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jose A H Coaquira
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials, NFA, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia Brasilia 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Diego Muraca
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" (IFGW), University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Juliano C Denardin
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), CEDENNA and Departamento de Física Santiago 9170124 Chile
| | - Trevor P Almeida
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Marcelo Knobel
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" (IFGW), University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ahmad I Ayesh
- Physics Program, Department of Math., Stat. and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University P. O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Surender K Sharma
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151401 India
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhao Sao Luis 65080-805 Brazil
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3
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Amin OJ, Poole SF, Reimers S, Barton LX, Dal Din A, Maccherozzi F, Dhesi SS, Novák V, Krizek F, Chauhan JS, Campion RP, Rushforth AW, Jungwirth T, Tretiakov OA, Edmonds KW, Wadley P. Antiferromagnetic half-skyrmions electrically generated and controlled at room temperature. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:849-853. [PMID: 37157021 PMCID: PMC10427425 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Topologically protected magnetic textures are promising candidates for information carriers in future memory devices, as they can be efficiently propelled at very high velocities using current-induced spin torques. These textures-nanoscale whirls in the magnetic order-include skyrmions, half-skyrmions (merons) and their antiparticles. Antiferromagnets have been shown to host versions of these textures that have high potential for terahertz dynamics, deflection-free motion and improved size scaling due to the absence of stray field. Here we show that topological spin textures, merons and antimerons, can be generated at room temperature and reversibly moved using electrical pulses in thin-film CuMnAs, a semimetallic antiferromagnet that is a testbed system for spintronic applications. The merons and antimerons are localized on 180° domain walls, and move in the direction of the current pulses. The electrical generation and manipulation of antiferromagnetic merons is a crucial step towards realizing the full potential of antiferromagnetic thin films as active components in high-density, high-speed magnetic memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Amin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - S F Poole
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Reimers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Chilton, UK
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L X Barton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Dal Din
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - V Novák
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Krizek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J S Chauhan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R P Campion
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A W Rushforth
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Jungwirth
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O A Tretiakov
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K W Edmonds
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Wadley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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4
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Zhang W, Huang TX, Hehn M, Malinowski G, Verges M, Hohlfeld J, Remy Q, Lacour D, Wang XR, Zhao GP, Vallobra P, Xu Y, Mangin S, Zhao WS. Optical Creation of Skyrmions by Spin Reorientation Transition in Ferrimagnetic CoHo Alloys. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5608-5619. [PMID: 36689950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating magnetic skyrmions by means of a femtosecond (fs) laser pulse has attracted great interest due to their promising applications in efficient information-storage devices with ultralow energy consumption. However, the mechanism underlying the creation of skyrmions induced by an fs laser is still lacking. As a result, a key challenge is to reveal the pathway for the massive reorientation of magnetization from trivial to nontrivial topological states. Here, we studied a series of ferrimagnetic CoHo alloys and investigated the effect of a single laser pulse on the magnetic states. Thanks to the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and imaging techniques, we demonstrate that the laser-induced phase transitions from single domains into a topological skyrmion phase are mediated by the transient in-plane magnetization state, in real time and space domains, respectively. Combining experiments and micromagnetic simulations, we propose a two-step process for creating skyrmions through laser pulse irradiation: (i) the electron temperature enhancement induces a spin reorientation transition on a picosecond (ps) timescale due to the suppression of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and (ii) the PMA slowly restores, accompanied by out-of-plane magnetization recovery, leading to the generation of skyrmions with the help of spin fluctuations. This work provides a route to control skyrmion patterns using an fs laser, thereby establishing the foundation for further exploration of topological magnetism at ultrafast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei230013, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- CNRS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, NancyF-54000, France
| | | | - Michel Hehn
- CNRS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, NancyF-54000, France
| | | | - Maxime Verges
- CNRS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, NancyF-54000, France
| | | | - Quentin Remy
- CNRS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, NancyF-54000, France
| | - Daniel Lacour
- CNRS, IJL, Université de Lorraine, NancyF-54000, France
| | - Xin Ran Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Guo Ping Zhao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering and Institute of Solid State Physics, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu610066, China
| | - Pierre Vallobra
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei230013, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei230013, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | | | - Wei Sheng Zhao
- Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory, Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei230013, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
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5
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Lv X, Pei K, Yang C, Qin G, Liu M, Zhang J, Che R. Controllable Topological Magnetic Transformations in the Thickness-Tunable van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 5GeTe 2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19319-19327. [PMID: 36349969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of topological meron textures in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have attracted considerable research interest for both fundamental physics and spintronic applications. However, manipulating the meron textures and realizing the topological transformations, which allow for exploring emergent electromagnetic behaviors, remain largely unexplored in 2D magnets. In this work, utilizing real-space imaging and micromagnetic simulations, we reveal temperature- and thickness-dependent topological magnetic transformations among domain walls, meron textures, and stripe domain in Fe5GeTe2 (FGT) lamellae. The key mechanism of the magnetic transformations can be attributed to the temperature-induced change of exchange stiffness constant within layers and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, while the magnetic dipole interaction as governed by sample thickness is crucial to affect the critical transformation temperature and stripe period. Our findings provide reliable insights into the origin and manipulation of topological spin textures in 2D vdW ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chendi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincang Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ohara K, Zhang X, Chen Y, Kato S, Xia J, Ezawa M, Tretiakov OA, Hou Z, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Yang J, Liu X. Reversible Transformation between Isolated Skyrmions and Bimerons. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8559-8566. [PMID: 36259745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skyrmions and bimerons are versatile topological spin textures that can be used as information bits for both classical and quantum computing. The transformation between isolated skyrmions and bimerons is an essential operation for computing architecture based on multiple different topological bits. Here we report the creation of isolated skyrmions and their subsequent transformation to bimerons by harnessing the electric current-induced Oersted field and temperature-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy variation. The transformation between skyrmions and bimerons is reversible, which is controlled by the current amplitude and scanning direction. Both skyrmions and bimerons can be created in the same system through the skyrmion-bimeron transformation and magnetization switching. Deformed skyrmion bubbles and chiral labyrinth domains are found as nontrivial intermediate transition states. Our results may provide a unique way for building advanced information-processing devices using different types of topological spin textures in the same system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ohara
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano380-8553, Japan
| | - Xichao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano380-8553, Japan
| | - Yinling Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano380-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano380-8553, Japan
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano380-8553, Japan
| | - Motohiko Ezawa
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Oleg A Tretiakov
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu610068, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano380-8553, Japan
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