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Sánchez-Hernández R, Benítez-Angeles M, Hernández-Vega AM, Rosenbaum T. Recent advances on the structure and the function relationships of the TRPV4 ion channel. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2313323. [PMID: 38354101 PMCID: PMC10868539 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2313323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the superfamily of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels are physiologically important molecules that have been studied for many years and are still being intensively researched. Among the vanilloid TRP subfamily, the TRPV4 ion channel is an interesting protein due to its involvement in several essential physiological processes and in the development of various diseases. As in other proteins, changes in its function that lead to the development of pathological states, have been closely associated with modification of its regulation by different molecules, but also by the appearance of mutations which affect the structure and gating of the channel. In the last few years, some structures for the TRPV4 channel have been solved. Due to the importance of this protein in physiology, here we discuss the recent progress in determining the structure of the TRPV4 channel, which has been achieved in three species of animals (Xenopus tropicalis, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens), highlighting conserved features as well as key differences among them and emphasizing the binding sites for some ligands that play crucial roles in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Benítez-Angeles
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Vega
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
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2
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Zhang F, Ye Z, Ran Y, Liu C, Zhang M, Xu X, Song F, Yao L. Ruthenium red alleviates post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by upregulating mitophagy through inhibition of USP33 in a cardiac arrest rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176633. [PMID: 38703975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) remains a leading cause of death, with suboptimal survival rates despite efforts involving cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced life-support technology. Post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) is an important determinant of patient outcomes. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury underlies this dysfunction. Previous reports have shown that ruthenium red (RR) has a protective effect against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, its precise mechanism of action in PRMD remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of RR on PRMD and analyzed its underlying mechanisms. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in rats, which were then subjected to cardiopulmonary resuscitation to establish an experimental CA model. At the onset of return of spontaneous circulation, RR (2.5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. Our study showed that RR improved myocardial function and reduced the production of oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSSG), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RR also helped maintain mitochondrial structure and increased ATP and GTP levels. Additionally, RR effectively attenuated myocardial apoptosis. Furthermore, we observed downregulation of proteins closely related to mitophagy, including ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33) and P62, whereas LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B) was upregulated. The upregulation of mitophagy may play a critical role in reducing myocardial injury. These results demonstrate that RR may attenuate PRMD by promoting mitophagy through the inhibition of USP33. These effects are likely mediated through diverse mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, apoptosis suppression, and preservation of mitochondrial integrity and energy metabolism. Consequently, RR has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for addressing post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yingqi Ran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xiangchang Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fengqing Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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3
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Trofimov YA, Krylov NA, Minakov AS, Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Sobolevsky AI, Efremov RG. Dynamic molecular portraits of ion-conducting pores characterize functional states of TRPV channels. Commun Chem 2024; 7:119. [PMID: 38824263 PMCID: PMC11144267 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural biology is solving an ever-increasing number of snapshots of ion channel conformational ensembles. Deciphering ion channel mechanisms, however, requires understanding the ensemble dynamics beyond the static structures. Here, we present a molecular modeling-based approach characterizing the ion channel structural intermediates, or their "dynamic molecular portraits", by assessing water and ion conductivity along with the detailed evaluation of pore hydrophobicity and residue packing. We illustrate the power of this approach by analyzing structures of few vanilloid-subfamily transient receptor potential (TRPV) channels. Based on the pore architecture, there are three major states that are common for TRPVs, which we call α-closed, π-closed, and π-open. We show that the pore hydrophobicity and residue packing for the open state is most favorable for the pore conductance. On the contrary, the α-closed state is the most hydrophobic and always non-conducting. Our approach can also be used for structural and functional classification of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Trofimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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4
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Jara-Oseguera A. Ruthenium red: Blocker or antagonist of TRPV channels? Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102874. [PMID: 38518427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium red (RR) is a widely used inhibitor of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) cation channels and other types of ion channels. Although RR has been generally accepted to inhibit TRP channels by physically blocking the ion permeation pathway, recent structural evidence suggests that it might also function as an antagonist, inducing conformational changes in the channel upon binding that result in closure of the pore. In a recent manuscript published in EMBO Reports, Ruth A. Pumroy and collaborators solve structures of TRPV2 and TRPV5 channels in the presence and absence of activators and RR. The data sheds light on the mechanism of inhibition by RR, while also opening new questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jara-Oseguera
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
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5
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Liu W, Deng W, Hu L, Zou H. Advances in TRPV6 inhibitors for tumors by targeted therapies: Macromolecular proteins, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116379. [PMID: 38588625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
TRPV6, a Ca2+-selective member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family, plays a key role in extracellular calcium transport, calcium ion reuptake, and maintenance of a local low calcium environment. An increasing number of studies have shown that TRPV6 is involved in the regulation of various diseases. Notably, overexpression of TRPV6 is closely related to the occurrence of various cancers. Research confirmed that knocking down TRPV6 could effectively reduce the proliferation and invasiveness of tumors by mainly mediating the calcium signaling pathway. Hence, TRPV6 has become a promising new drug target for numerous tumor treatments. However, the development of TRPV6 inhibitors is still in the early stage, and the existing TRPV6 inhibitors have poor selectivity and off-target effects. In this review, we focus on summarizing and describing the structure characters, and mechanisms of existing TRPV6 inhibitors to provide new ideas and directions for the development of novel TRPV6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Hui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Deng X, Zhang R, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Ali DW, Michalak M, Zhou C, Chen XZ, Tang J. The TRPV6 Calcium Channel and Its Relationship with Cancer. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:168. [PMID: 38534438 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-6 (TRPV6) is a cation channel belonging to the TRP superfamily, specifically the vanilloid subfamily, and is the sixth member of this subfamily. Its presence in the body is primarily limited to the skin, ovaries, kidney, testes, and digestive tract epithelium. The body maintains calcium homeostasis using the TRPV6 channel, which has a greater calcium selectivity than the other TRP channels. Several pieces of evidence suggest that it is upregulated in the advanced stages of thyroid, ovarian, breast, colon, and prostate cancers. The function of TRPV6 in regulating calcium signaling in cancer will be covered in this review, along with its potential applications as a cancer treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Wang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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7
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Pumroy RA, De Jesús-Pérez JJ, Protopopova AD, Rocereta JA, Fluck EC, Fricke T, Lee BH, Rohacs T, Leffler A, Moiseenkova-Bell V. Molecular details of ruthenium red pore block in TRPV channels. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:506-523. [PMID: 38225355 PMCID: PMC10897480 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels play a critical role in calcium homeostasis, pain sensation, immunological response, and cancer progression. TRPV channels are blocked by ruthenium red (RR), a universal pore blocker for a wide array of cation channels. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the molecular details of RR block in TRPV2 and TRPV5, members of the two TRPV subfamilies. In TRPV2 activated by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, RR is tightly coordinated in the open selectivity filter, blocking ion flow and preventing channel inactivation. In TRPV5 activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, RR blocks the selectivity filter and closes the lower gate through an interaction with polar residues in the pore vestibule. Together, our results provide a detailed understanding of TRPV subfamily pore block, the dynamic nature of the selectivity filter and allosteric communication between the selectivity filter and lower gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - José J De Jesús-Pérez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna D Protopopova
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia A Rocereta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edwin C Fluck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tabea Fricke
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vera Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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8
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De Jesús-Pérez JJ, Gabrielle M, Raheem S, Fluck EC, Rohacs T, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural mechanism of TRPV5 inhibition by econazole. Structure 2024; 32:148-156.e5. [PMID: 38141613 PMCID: PMC10872542 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-selective TRPV5 channel activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is involved in calcium homeostasis. Recently, cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) provided molecular details of TRPV5 modulation by exogenous and endogenous molecules. However, the details of TRPV5 inhibition by the antifungal agent econazole (ECN) remain elusive due to the low resolution of the currently available structure. In this study, we employ cryo-EM to comprehensively examine how the ECN inhibits TRPV5. By combining our structural findings with site-directed mutagenesis, calcium measurements, electrophysiology, and molecular dynamics simulations, we determined that residues F472 and L475 on the S4 helix, along with residue W495 on the S5 helix, collectively constitute the ECN-binding site. Additionally, the structure of TRPV5 in the presence of ECN and PI(4,5)P2, which does not show the bound activator, reveals a potential inhibition mechanism in which ECN competes with PI(4,5)P2, preventing the latter from binding, and ultimately pore closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J De Jesús-Pérez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Gabrielle
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Sumiyya Raheem
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Edwin C Fluck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Huang J, Korsunsky A, Yazdani M, Chen J. Targeting TRP channels: recent advances in structure, ligand binding, and molecular mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1334370. [PMID: 38273937 PMCID: PMC10808746 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1334370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large and diverse family of transmembrane ion channels that are widely expressed, have important physiological roles, and are associated with many human diseases. These proteins are actively pursued as promising drug targets, benefitting greatly from advances in structural and mechanistic studies of TRP channels. At the same time, the complex, polymodal activation and regulation of TRP channels have presented formidable challenges. In this short review, we summarize recent progresses toward understanding the structural basis of TRP channel function, as well as potential ligand binding sites that could be targeted for therapeutics. A particular focus is on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation, where many fundamental questions remain unanswered. We believe that a deeper understanding of the functional mechanisms of TRP channels will be critical and likely transformative toward developing successful therapeutic strategies targeting these exciting proteins. This endeavor will require concerted efforts from computation, structural biology, medicinal chemistry, electrophysiology, pharmacology, drug safety and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Aron Korsunsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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10
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Humer C, Radiskovic T, Horváti K, Lindinger S, Groschner K, Romanin C, Höglinger C. Bidirectional Allosteric Coupling between PIP 2 Binding and the Pore of the Oncochannel TRPV6. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:618. [PMID: 38203789 PMCID: PMC10779433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial ion channel TRPV6 plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis. Channel function is intricately regulated at different stages, involving the lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Given that dysregulation of TRPV6 is associated with various diseases, including different types of cancer, there is a compelling need for its pharmacological targeting. Structural studies provide insights on how TRPV6 is affected by different inhibitors, with some binding to sites else occupied by lipids. These include the small molecule cis-22a, which, however, also binds to and thereby blocks the pore. By combining calcium imaging, electrophysiology and optogenetics, we identified residues within the pore and the lipid binding site that are relevant for regulation by cis-22a and PIP2 in a bidirectional manner. Yet, mutation of the cytosolic pore exit reduced inhibition by cis-22a but preserved sensitivity to PIP2 depletion. Our data underscore allosteric communication between the lipid binding site and the pore and vice versa for most sites along the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Humer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (T.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Tamara Radiskovic
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (T.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Kata Horváti
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sonja Lindinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (T.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (T.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmen Höglinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (T.R.); (C.R.)
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11
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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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12
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Neuberger A, Sobolevsky AI. Molecular pharmacology of the onco-TRP channel TRPV6. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2266669. [PMID: 37838981 PMCID: PMC10578198 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2266669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV6, a representative of the vanilloid subfamily of TRP channels, serves as the principal calcium uptake channel in the gut. Dysregulation of TRPV6 results in disturbed calcium homeostasis leading to a variety of human diseases, including many forms of cancer. Inhibitors of this oncochannel are therefore particularly needed. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in structural pharmacology that uncovered the molecular mechanisms of TRPV6 inhibition by a variety of small molecules, including synthetic and natural, plant-derived compounds as well as some prospective and clinically approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Ansell TB, Song W, Coupland CE, Carrique L, Corey RA, Duncan AL, Cassidy CK, Geurts MMG, Rasmussen T, Ward AB, Siebold C, Stansfeld PJ, Sansom MSP. LipIDens: simulation assisted interpretation of lipid densities in cryo-EM structures of membrane proteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7774. [PMID: 38012131 PMCID: PMC10682427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) enables the determination of membrane protein structures in native-like environments. Characterising how membrane proteins interact with the surrounding membrane lipid environment is assisted by resolution of lipid-like densities visible in cryo-EM maps. Nevertheless, establishing the molecular identity of putative lipid and/or detergent densities remains challenging. Here we present LipIDens, a pipeline for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation-assisted interpretation of lipid and lipid-like densities in cryo-EM structures. The pipeline integrates the implementation and analysis of multi-scale MD simulations for identification, ranking and refinement of lipid binding poses which superpose onto cryo-EM map densities. Thus, LipIDens enables direct integration of experimental and computational structural approaches to facilitate the interpretation of lipid-like cryo-EM densities and to reveal the molecular identities of protein-lipid interactions within a bilayer environment. We demonstrate this by application of our open-source LipIDens code to ten diverse membrane protein structures which exhibit lipid-like densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bertie Ansell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Wanling Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- MSD R&D Innovation Centre, 120 Moorgate, London, EC2M 6UR, UK
| | - Claire E Coupland
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anna L Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Lagelsandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C Keith Cassidy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Maxwell M G Geurts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Tim Rasmussen
- Biocenter and Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum, Universität Würzburg, Haus D15, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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14
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Neuberger A, Trofimov YA, Yelshanskaya MV, Khau J, Nadezhdin KD, Khosrof LS, Krylov NA, Efremov RG, Sobolevsky AI. Molecular pathway and structural mechanism of human oncochannel TRPV6 inhibition by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4630. [PMID: 37532722 PMCID: PMC10397291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-selective oncochannel TRPV6 is an important driver of cell proliferation in human cancers. Despite increasing interest of pharmacological research in developing synthetic inhibitors of TRPV6, natural compounds acting at this channel have been largely neglected. On the other hand, pharmacokinetics of natural small-molecule antagonists optimized by nature throughout evolution endows these compounds with a medicinal potential to serve as potent and safe next-generation anti-cancer drugs. Here we report the structure of human TRPV6 in complex with tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a natural cannabinoid inhibitor extracted from Cannabis sativa. We use cryo-electron microscopy combined with electrophysiology, calcium imaging, mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify THCV binding sites in the portals that connect the membrane environment surrounding the protein to the central cavity of the channel pore and to characterize the allosteric mechanism of TRPV6 inhibition. We also propose the molecular pathway taken by THCV to reach its binding site. Our study provides a foundation for the development of new TRPV6-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yury A Trofimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Khau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lena S Khosrof
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay A Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Cordier C, Haustrate A, Prevarskaya N, Lehen’kyi V. Characterization of the TRPV6 calcium channel-specific phenotype by RNA-seq in castration-resistant human prostate cancer cells. Front Genet 2023; 14:1215645. [PMID: 37576552 PMCID: PMC10415680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1215645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 6 (TRPV6), a highly calcium-selective channel, has been shown to play a significant role in calcium homeostasis and to participate both in vitro and in vivo in growth, cell survival, and drug resistance of prostate cancer. Its role and the corresponding calcium-dependent pathways were mainly studied in hormone-dependent human prostate cancer cell lines, often used as a model of early-stage prostate cancers. The goal of the present study was to describe the TRPV6-specific phenotype and signaling pathways it is involved in, using castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to study the gene expression impacted by TRPV6 using PC3Mtrpv6-/- versus PC3Mtrpv6+/+ and its derivative PC3M-luc-C6trpv6+/+ cell line in its native and TRPV6 overexpressed form. In addition to the whole-cell RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and calcium imaging were used to validate trpv6 gene status and functional consequences, in both trpv6 -/- and TRPV6 overexpression cell lines. Results: trpv6 -/- status was validated using both immunoblotting and quantitative PCR, and the functional consequences of either trpv6 gene deletion or TRPV6 overexpression were shown using calcium imaging. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that the calcium channel TRPV6, being a crucial player of calcium signaling, significantly impacts the expression of genes involved in cancer progression, such as cell cycle regulation, chemotaxis, migration, invasion, apoptosis, ferroptosis as well as drug resistance, and extracellular matrix (ECM) re-organization. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the trpv6 gene is involved in and regulates multiple pathways related to tumor progression and drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - V’yacheslav Lehen’kyi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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16
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Zhen W, Zhao Z, Chang S, Chen X, Wan Y, Yang F. Structural basis of ligand activation and inhibition in a mammalian TRPV4 ion channel. Cell Discov 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37429860 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zhen
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghai Chang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangzhuoqun Wan
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Syrjänen JL, Epstein M, Gómez R, Furukawa H. Structure of human CALHM1 reveals key locations for channel regulation and blockade by ruthenium red. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3821. [PMID: 37380652 PMCID: PMC10307800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a voltage-dependent channel involved in neuromodulation and gustatory signaling. Despite recent progress in the structural biology of CALHM1, insights into functional regulation, pore architecture, and channel blockade remain limited. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of human CALHM1, revealing an octameric assembly pattern similar to the non-mammalian CALHM1s and the lipid-binding pocket conserved across species. We demonstrate by MD simulations that this pocket preferentially binds a phospholipid over cholesterol to stabilize its structure and regulate the channel activities. Finally, we show that residues in the amino-terminal helix form the channel pore that ruthenium red binds and blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Syrjänen
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Max Epstein
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Ricardo Gómez
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA.
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18
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Nadezhdin KD, Talyzina IA, Parthasarathy A, Neuberger A, Zhang DX, Sobolevsky AI. Structure of human TRPV4 in complex with GTPase RhoA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3733. [PMID: 37353478 PMCID: PMC10290124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV4 is a polymodal cellular sensor that responds to moderate heat, cell swelling, shear stress, and small-molecule ligands. It is involved in thermogenesis, regulation of vascular tone, bone homeostasis, renal and pulmonary functions. TRPV4 is implicated in neuromuscular and skeletal disorders, pulmonary edema, and cancers, and represents an important drug target. The cytoskeletal remodeling GTPase RhoA has been shown to suppress TRPV4 activity. Here, we present a structure of the human TRPV4-RhoA complex that shows RhoA interaction with the membrane-facing surface of the TRPV4 ankyrin repeat domains. The contact interface reveals residues that are mutated in neuropathies, providing an insight into the disease pathogenesis. We also identify the binding sites of the TRPV4 agonist 4α-PDD and the inhibitor HC-067047 at the base of the S1-S4 bundle, and show that agonist binding leads to pore opening, while channel inhibition involves a π-to-α transition in the pore-forming helix S6. Our structures elucidate the interaction interface between hTRPV4 and RhoA, as well as residues at this interface that are involved in TRPV4 disease-causing mutations. They shed light on TRPV4 activation and inhibition and provide a template for the design of future therapeutics for treatment of TRPV4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Irina A Talyzina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aravind Parthasarathy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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19
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Neuberger A, Trofimov YA, Yelshanskaya MV, Nadezhdin KD, Krylov NA, Efremov RG, Sobolevsky AI. Structural mechanism of human oncochannel TRPV6 inhibition by the natural phytoestrogen genistein. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2659. [PMID: 37160865 PMCID: PMC10169861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-selective oncochannel TRPV6 is the major driver of cell proliferation in human cancers. While significant effort has been invested in the development of synthetic TRPV6 inhibitors, natural channel blockers have been largely neglected. Here we report the structure of human TRPV6 in complex with the plant-derived phytoestrogen genistein, extracted from Styphnolobium japonicum, that was shown to inhibit cell invasion and metastasis in cancer clinical trials. Despite the pharmacological value, the molecular mechanism of TRPV6 inhibition by genistein has remained enigmatic. We use cryo-EM combined with electrophysiology, calcium imaging, mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations to show that genistein binds in the intracellular half of the TRPV6 pore and acts as an ion channel blocker and gating modifier. Genistein binding to the open channel causes pore closure and a two-fold symmetrical conformational rearrangement in the S4-S5 and S6-TRP helix regions. The unprecedented mechanism of TRPV6 inhibition by genistein uncovers new possibilities in structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yury A Trofimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay A Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Neuberger A, Oda M, Nikolaev YA, Nadezhdin KD, Gracheva EO, Bagriantsev SN, Sobolevsky AI. Human TRPV1 structure and inhibition by the analgesic SB-366791. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2451. [PMID: 37117175 PMCID: PMC10147690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain therapy has remained conceptually stagnant since the opioid crisis, which highlighted the dangers of treating pain with opioids. An alternative addiction-free strategy to conventional painkiller-based treatment is targeting receptors at the origin of the pain pathway, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Thus, a founding member of the vanilloid subfamily of TRP channels, TRPV1, represents one of the most sought-after pain therapy targets. The need for selective TRPV1 inhibitors extends beyond pain treatment, to other diseases associated with this channel, including psychiatric disorders. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human TRPV1 in the apo state and in complex with the TRPV1-specific nanomolar-affinity analgesic antagonist SB-366791. SB-366791 binds to the vanilloid site and acts as an allosteric hTRPV1 inhibitor. SB-366791 binding site is supported by mutagenesis combined with electrophysiological recordings and can be further explored to design new drugs targeting TRPV1 in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mai Oda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yury A Nikolaev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Wang Y. Multidisciplinary Advances Address the Challenges in Developing Drugs against Transient Receptor Potential Channels to Treat Metabolic Disorders. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200562. [PMID: 36530131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels that regulate key physiological and pathological processes in response to a broad range of stimuli. Moreover, they systemically regulate the release of hormones, metabolic homeostasis, and complications of diabetes, which positions them as promising therapeutic targets to combat metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, there are significant challenges in the design of TRP ligands with high potency and durability. Herein we summarize the four challenges as hydrophobicity, selectivity, mono-target therapy, and interspecies discrepancy. We present 1134 TRP ligands with diversified modes of TRP-ligand interaction and provide a detailed discussion of the latest strategies, especially cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and computational methods. We propose solutions to address the challenges with a critical analysis of advances in membrane partitioning, polypharmacology, biased agonism, and biochemical screening of transcriptional modulators. They are fueled by the breakthrough from cryo-EM, chemoinformatics and bioinformatics. The discussion is aimed to shed new light on designing next-generation drugs to treat obesity, diabetes and its complications, with optimal hydrophobicity, higher mode selectivity, multi-targeting and consistent activities between human and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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22
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Biou V. Lipid-membrane protein interaction visualised by cryo-EM: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184068. [PMID: 36216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins reside at interfaces between aqueous and lipid media and solving their molecular structure relies most of the time on removing them from the membrane using detergent. Luckily, this solubilization process does not strip them from all the associated lipids and single-particle cryo-transmission electron microscopy (SP-TEM) has proved a very good tool to visualise both protein high-resolution structure and, often, many of its associated lipids. In this review, we observe membrane protein structures from the Protein DataBank and their associated maps in the Electron Microscopy DataBase and determine how the SP-TEM maps allow lipid visualization, the type of binding sites, the influence of symmetry, resolution and other factors. We illustrate lipid visualization around and inside the protein core, show that some lipid bilayers in the core can be shifted with respect to the membrane and how some proteins can actively bend the lipid bilayer that binds to them. We conclude that resolution improvement in SP-TEM will likely enable many more discoveries regarding the role of lipids bound to proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Biou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France.
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23
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Structural mechanisms of TRPV2 modulation by endogenous and exogenous ligands. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:72-80. [PMID: 36163384 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channel is a polymodal receptor widely involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Despite many TRPV2 modulators being identified, whether and how TRPV2 is regulated by endogenous lipids remains elusive. Here, we report an endogenous cholesterol molecule inside the vanilloid binding pocket (VBP) of TRPV2, with a 'head down, tail up' configuration, resolved at 3.2 Å using cryo-EM. Cholesterol binding antagonizes ligand activation of TRPV2, which is removed from VBP by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as resolved at 2.9 Å. We also observed that estradiol (E2) potentiated TRPV2 activation by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a classic tool compound for TRP channels. Our cryo-EM structures (resolved at 2.8-3.3 Å) further suggest how E2 disturbed cholesterol binding and how 2-APB bound within the VBP with E2 or without both E2 and endogenous cholesterol, respectively. Therefore, our study has established the structural basis for ligand recognition of the inhibitory endogenous cholesterol and excitatory exogenous 2-APB in TRPV2.
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24
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Zhang L, Simonsen C, Zimova L, Wang K, Moparthi L, Gaudet R, Ekoff M, Nilsson G, Hellmich UA, Vlachova V, Gourdon P, Zygmunt PM. Cannabinoid non-cannabidiol site modulation of TRPV2 structure and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7483. [PMID: 36470868 PMCID: PMC9722916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV2 is a ligand-operated temperature sensor with poorly defined pharmacology. Here, we combine calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to explore how TRPV2 activity is modulated by the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (C16) and by probenecid. C16 and probenecid act in concert to stimulate TRPV2 responses including histamine release from rat and human mast cells. Each ligand causes distinct conformational changes in TRPV2 as revealed by cryo-EM. Although the binding for probenecid remains elusive, C16 associates within the vanilloid pocket. As such, the C16 binding location is distinct from that of cannabidiol, partially overlapping with the binding site of the TRPV2 inhibitor piperlongumine. Taken together, we discover a new cannabinoid binding site in TRPV2 that is under the influence of allosteric control by probenecid. This molecular insight into ligand modulation enhances our understanding of TRPV2 in normal and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Simonsen
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucie Zimova
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kaituo Wang
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lavanya Moparthi
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Maria Ekoff
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry and Cluster of Excellence “Balance of the Microverse”, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M. Zygmunt
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Xu H, He Y, Hong T, Bi C, Li J, Xia M. Piezo1 in vascular remodeling of atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension: A potential therapeutic target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1021540. [PMID: 36247424 PMCID: PMC9557227 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1021540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling (VR) is a structural and functional change of blood vessels to adapt to the changes of internal and external environment. It is one of the common pathological features of many vascular proliferative diseases. The process of VR is mainly manifested in the changes of vascular wall structure and function, including intimal hyperplasia, thickening or thinning of media, fibrosis of adventitia, etc. These changes are also the pathological basis of aging and various cardiovascular diseases. Mechanical force is the basis of cardiovascular biomechanics, and the newly discovered mechanical sensitive ion channel Piezo1 is widely distributed in the whole cardiovascular system. Studies have confirmed that Piezo1, a mechanically sensitive ion channel, plays an important role in cardiovascular remodeling diseases. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of Piezo1 in atherosclerosis, hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu He
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Tianying Hong
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Jing Li
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingfeng Xia
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26
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Rohacs T, Fluck EC, De Jesús-Pérez JJ, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. What structures did, and did not, reveal about the function of the epithelial Ca 2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102620. [PMID: 35834842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 5 and 6 (TRPV5 and TRPV6) are Ca2+ selective epithelial ion channels. They are the products of a relatively recent gene duplication in mammals, and have high sequence homology to each other. Their functional properties are also much more similar to each other than to other members of the TRPV subfamily. They are both constitutively active, and this activity depends on the endogenous cofactor phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Both channels undergo Ca2+-induced inactivation, which is mediated by direct binding of the ubiquitous Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin (CaM) to the channels, and by a decrease in PI(4,5)P2 levels by Ca2+ -induced activation of phospholipase C (PLC). Recent cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography structures provided detailed structural information for both TRPV5 and TRPV6. This review will discuss this structural information in the context of the function of these channels focusing on the mechanism of CaM inhibition, activation by PI(4,5)P2 and binding of pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
| | - Edwin C Fluck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - José J De Jesús-Pérez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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27
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Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Sobolevsky AI. Structural snapshots of the mechanism of TRPV2 channel activation by small-molecule agonists. Cell Calcium 2022; 105:102607. [PMID: 35636151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are polymodal sensors that play critical roles in various physiological processes in living organisms. These cation-permeable channels respond to a variety of physical and chemical stimuli, including cold and hot temperatures, acidic pH, and mechanical stress, often determining a sensory frontier of defense against hostile environments. Vanilloid (V) subfamily is the most studied category of TRP channels that includes six closely related members: highly calcium-selective TRPV5-6 and non-selective TRPV1-4. A remarkable feature of TRPV1-4 is their ability to sense heat, which makes them temperature-sensitive TRP channels or thermo-TRPs. TRPV channels are associated with a multitude of human diseases, including cancers, chronic pain, cardiovascular, neurological and nociceptive disorders. Despite the great clinical interest, pharmacology of TRPV channels remains largely undeveloped because of insufficient knowledge about the mechanisms of their regulation. For instance, activation of TRPV channels by small molecules or heat remains poorly understood. Numerous identified TRPV channel agonists, while effective in physiological experiments, appear limited in their ability to act in the conditions of structural biology experiments. In this regard, the recent study by Pumroy et al. [1] makes a significant contribution towards our understanding of TRPV2 structural dynamics that leads to opening of this channel in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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TRPV6 Regulation by Cis-22a and Cholesterol. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060804. [PMID: 35740929 PMCID: PMC9221249 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly calcium-selective transient receptor potential vanilloid-type channel TRPV6 is important for epithelial Ca2+ transport. Proper regulation of the inherently constitutively active TRPV6 channels is intricate in preserving Ca2+ homeostasis, whereby structural and functional data suggest that lipids hold an essential role. Altered expression levels or specific TRPV6 mutations may lead to diseases, hence, TRPV6 represents an interesting target for pharmacological modulation. Recent cryo-EM data identified that the specific TRPV6 blocker cis-22a binds, apart from the pore, to a site within the tetrameric channel that largely matches a lipid binding pocket, LBS-2. Therein, cis-22a may replace a lipid such as cholesterol that is bound in the open state. Based on site-directed mutagenesis and functional recordings, we identified and characterized a series of residues within LBS-2 that are essential for TRPV6 inhibition by cis-22a. Additionally, we investigated the modulatory potential of diverse cholesterol depletion efforts on TRPV6 activity. While LBS-2 mutants exhibited altered maximum currents, slow Ca2+-dependent inactivation (SCDI) as well as less inhibition by cis-22a, TRPV6 activity was resistant to cholesterol depletion. Hence, lipids other than cholesterol may predominate TRPV6 regulation when the channel is expressed in HEK293 cells.
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29
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Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. Ligand-Binding Sites in Vanilloid-Subtype TRP Channels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900623. [PMID: 35652046 PMCID: PMC9149226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanilloid-subfamily TRP channels TRPV1-6 play important roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in numerous human diseases. Advances in structural biology, particularly the "resolution revolution" in cryo-EM, have led to breakthroughs in molecular characterization of TRPV channels. Structures with continuously improving resolution uncover atomic details of TRPV channel interactions with small molecules and protein-binding partners. Here, we provide a classification of structurally characterized binding sites in TRPV channels and discuss the progress that has been made by structural biology combined with mutagenesis, functional recordings, and molecular dynamics simulations toward understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ligand action. Given the similarity in structural architecture of TRP channels, 16 unique sites identified in TRPV channels may be shared between TRP channel subfamilies, although the chemical identity of a particular ligand will likely depend on the local amino-acid composition. The characterized binding sites and molecular mechanisms of ligand action create a diversity of druggable targets to aid in the design of new molecules for tuning TRP channel function in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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30
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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31
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Bortolin A, Neto E, Lamghari M. Calcium Signalling in Breast Cancer Associated Bone Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031902. [PMID: 35163823 PMCID: PMC8836937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is involved as a signalling mediator in a broad variety of physiological processes. Some of the fastest responses in human body like neuronal action potential firing, to the slowest gene transcriptional regulation processes are controlled by pathways involving calcium signalling. Under pathological conditions these mechanisms are also involved in tumoral cells reprogramming, resulting in the altered expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, metastatisation and homing to the secondary metastatic site. On the other hand, calcium exerts a central function in nociception, from cues sensing in distal neurons, to signal modulation and interpretation in the central nervous system leading, in pathological conditions, to hyperalgesia, allodynia and pain chronicization. It is well known the relationship between cancer and pain when tumoral metastatic cells settle in the bones, especially in late breast cancer stage, where they alter the bone micro-environment leading to bone lesions and resulting in pain refractory to the conventional analgesic therapies. The purpose of this review is to address the Ca2+ signalling mechanisms involved in cancer cell metastatisation as well as the function of the same signalling tools in pain regulation and transmission. Finally, the possible interactions between these two cells types cohabiting the same Ca2+ rich environment will be further explored attempting to highlight new possible therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bortolin
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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