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Hu G, Sun X, Hao S, Li X, Qian M, Dou L, Zhang M, Hou P, Su L, Zhao L, Sun L, Jin Y. Effect of sheep bone protein hydrolysate on promoting calcium absorption and enhancing bone quality in low-calcium diet fed rats. Food Chem 2024; 446:138763. [PMID: 38428077 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Calcium deficiency is prone to fractures, osteoporosis and other symptoms. In this study, sheep bone protein hydrolysates (SBPHs) were obtained by protease hydrolysis. A low-calcium-diet-induced calcium-deficiency rat model was established to investigate the effects of SBPHs on calcium absorption and intestinal flora composition. The results showed that an SBPHs + CaCl2 treatment significantly increased the bone calcium content, bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular thickness, and reduced trabecular separation, and changed the level of bone turnover markers (P < 0.05). Supplementation of SBPHs + CaCl2 can remarkably enhance the bone mechanical strength, and the microstructure of bone was improved, and the trabecular network was more continuous, complete, and thicker. Additionally, SBPHs + CaCl2 dietary increased the abundance of Firmicutes and reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota, and promoted the production of short chain fatty acids. This study indicated that SBPHs promoted calcium absorption and could be applied to alleviate osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shiqi Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Min Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lu Dou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Puxin Hou
- Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Bayan nur 015000, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Ma O, Dutta A, Bliss DW, Nakatsu CH, Weaver CM, Whisner CM. Identifying Gut Microbiome Features that Predict Responsiveness Toward a Prebiotic Capable of Increasing Calcium Absorption: A Pilot Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01201-8. [PMID: 38656326 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that prebiotics may provide a complementary strategy for increasing calcium (Ca) absorption in adolescents which may improve long-term bone health. However, not all children responded to prebiotic intervention. We determine if certain baseline characteristics of gut microbiome composition predict prebiotic responsiveness. In this secondary analysis, we compared differences in relative microbiota taxa abundance between responders (greater than or equal to 3% increase in Ca absorption) and non-responders (less than 3% increase). Dual stable isotope methodologies were used to assess fractional Ca absorption at the end of crossover treatments with placebo, 10, and 20 g/day of soluble corn fiber (SCF). Microbial DNA was obtained from stool samples collected before and after each intervention. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to taxonomically characterize the gut microbiome. Machine learning techniques were used to build a predictive model for identifying responders based on baseline relative taxa abundances. Model output was used to infer which features contributed most to prediction accuracy. We identified 19 microbial features out of the 221 observed that predicted responsiveness with 96.0% average accuracy. The results suggest a simplified prescreening can be performed to determine if a subject's bone health may benefit from a prebiotic. Additionally, the findings provide insight and prompt further investigation into the metabolic and genetic underpinnings affecting calcium absorption during pubertal bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Ma
- Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Arindam Dutta
- Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Daniel W Bliss
- Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Cindy H Nakatsu
- Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN, 10587, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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Oku Y, Noda S, Ishii S, Yamada A, Nakaoka K, Goseki-Sone M. Calcium restriction for 28 days markedly and negatively influences bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae regardless of the high-fat diet ingestion in young adult male rats. Nutr Res 2024; 124:55-64. [PMID: 38387406 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is necessary for bone calcification, and Ca deficiency leads to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Epidemiological studies have reported a correlation between Ca intake and BMD. Although the influences of Ca deficiency on BMD have been reported, the effects of Ca restriction on bone during high-fat diet ingestion remain unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that high-fat diet ingestion would potentiate the negative effects of Ca restriction on bone. Sprague-Dawley strain male rats (aged 11 weeks) were divided into 4 groups: basic control diet (Cont.) (11% lipid energy rate, 0.5% calcium), basic control diet with Ca restriction (CaR) (11% lipid energy rate, 0.02% calcium), high-fat diet (HF) (40% lipid energy rate, 0.5% calcium), and high-fat diet with Ca restriction (HFCaR) (40% lipid energy rate, 0.02% calcium). At 28 days after starting the experimental diets, body weights were higher in the high-fat diet groups (HF and HFCaR) than in the standard-fat diet groups (Cont. and CaR) on 2-way analysis of variance. The apparent Ca absorption rate in the Ca-restricted groups (CaR and HFCaR) was higher than in the Ca-sufficient groups (Cont. and HF). BMD and bone strength parameters of the femur and lumbar vertebrae in the Ca-restricted groups were markedly lower than in the Ca-sufficient groups, whereas there were no significant differences between the standard-fat diet and HF diet groups. These results suggest that 28 days of Ca restriction increases the risk of bone fracture and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Oku
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Noda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishii
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yamada
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Nakaoka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masae Goseki-Sone
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fitzpatrick D, Lannon R, Laird E, Ward M, Hoey L, Hughes CF, Strain JJ, Cunningham C, McNulty H, Molloy AM, McCarroll K. The association between proton pump inhibitors and hyperparathyroidism: a potential mechanism for increased fracture-results of a large observational cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1917-1926. [PMID: 37530847 PMCID: PMC10579148 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture; however, the mechanism is unclear. PPI users taking calcium supplements were more likely to have hyperparathyroidism compared to non-users (OR 1.56, CI 1.08-2.23, p = 0.018). This highlights the importance of monitoring PPI use, especially in older adults. PURPOSE Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. Hyperparathyroidism may be implicated, but few studies have considered this relationship. This study evaluated the relationship between PPI use and hyperparathyroidism in older adults. METHODS Participants were from the TUDA study, a large cross-sectional cohort of older Irish adults. Participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min and serum calcium > 2.5 mmol/l were excluded to avoid hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal disease and primary hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism was defined as a parathyroid hormone (PTH) > 65 pg/ml. Multivariate regression models were used to analyse the relationship between PPI use and hyperparathyroidism. RESULTS A total of 4139 participants met the inclusion criteria, of whom 37.8% (n = 1563) were taking PPI medication. PPI use was identified in 41.4% of calcium supplement users and 35.4% of non-calcium supplement users. Overall, compared to non-users of PPIs, those taking PPIs were older (74.8 vs 72.9 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of hyperparathyroidism (17.8 vs 11.0%, p < 0.001). In those taking calcium supplements (but not in non-users), PPI use was significantly associated with hyperparathyroidism (OR 1.56, CI 1.08-2.23, p = 0.018) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, serum vitamin D, eGFR, timed-up-and-go, dairy intake, medications, and comorbidities. DISCUSSION The results are consistent with the hypothesis of PPIs reducing calcium absorption, leading to a rise in PTH which could mediate increased fracture risk. No relationship of PPI use with hyperparathyroidism was observed in non-users of calcium supplements, possibly owing to lower dietary calcium intake. These results highlight the importance of monitoring PPI use, especially in older adults at risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Fitzpatrick
- The Mercers Institute for Research On Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Rosaleen Lannon
- The Mercers Institute for Research On Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon Laird
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mary Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Leane Hoey
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine F Hughes
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Conal Cunningham
- The Mercers Institute for Research On Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helene McNulty
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin McCarroll
- The Mercers Institute for Research On Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Verma V. Do proton pump inhibitors affect the biomechanical efficiency of implant?- a systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:656-61. [PMID: 36052118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review was executed to determine the influence of proton pump inhibitors on biomechanical efficiency of dental implants. Materials and methods The comprehensive online literature search was conducted on digital database of Pubmed, Cochrane database and EBSCO host, Web of Science and Scopus from 2010 to 2021(Dec).The studies included in our research comprised of randomized controlled trials and animal studies. Literature review, Letter to the editor, short communication and studies not related to the dental implants were excluded. A total of 6 studies were finalized and included in the systemic review. Result The proton pump inhibitors have a negative influence on the bone metabolism and adversely affect the Osseointegration of the dental implants. Further they reduce the biomechanical efficiency of dental implant which ultimately results in their failure. Conclusion Proton pump inhibitors are a risk factor for dental implant survival. This conclusion has been drawn from the limited research available. Hence well designed prospective randomized controlled trials should be carried out on a large population including the users and non-users, to more thoroughly elucidate the effect of proton pump inhibitor on osseointegration process of dental implants.
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Mays S, Brickley MB. Is dietary deficiency of calcium a factor in rickets? Use of current evidence for our understanding of the disease in the past. Int J Paleopathol 2022; 36:36-44. [PMID: 35139469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rickets is considered an indicator of vitamin D deficiency in palaeopathology, but a strand of biomedical thought maintains that dietary calcium deficiency may sometimes play a part in its causation. Our aim is to evaluate the extent to which low calcium intake should be considered as a factor in biocultural interpretations of rickets. METHODS We assess published modern epidemiological studies that provide primary data to support claims for a role for dietary calcium deficiency in rickets. We also consider how we might identify, via indicators of calcium intake, populations at risk of calcium deficiency in the past. RESULTS Support for dietary calcium deficiency as a cause of rickets is equivocal. Direct measurement of dietary calcium in the past is not possible, but exposure to risk factors for low calcium intake can to some extent be identified. CONCLUSION Whilst there is little evidence to alter the view that rickets is essentially an indicator of a population's vitamin D status, occasionally, in very low calcium intake groups, dietary calcium deficiency may play a synergistic role by accentuating the need for vitamin D. SIGNIFICANCE The notion that dietary calcium deficiency may be a cause of rickets appears to be gaining currency in bioarchaeological studies. This paper shows that it is unusual for this to be the case, and even then the role of vitamin D remains crucial. LIMITATIONS This paper attempts to summarise the current state of biomedical study in an area that is subject to continuing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mays
- Research Department, Historic England, UK; Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK; School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - M B Brickley
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Canada
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He W, Xie Z, Thøgersen R, Rasmussen MK, Zachariassen LF, Jørgensen NR, Nørgaard JV, Andersen HJ, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Bertram HC. Effects of Calcium Source, Inulin and Lactose on Gut-Bone Associations in an Ovarierectomized Rat Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100883. [PMID: 35107857 PMCID: PMC9287054 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Osteoporosis poses a health challenge especially for postmenopausal women. This study aimed to explore nutritional strategies to counteract bone demineralization in ovarierectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS OVX rats (n = 49) were fed with one of six different diets, where two different calcium sources (dairy calcium or calcium carbonate) were provided alone or in combination with either inulin (5%) or lactose (0.5%). In addition, a calcium-deficient diet was included. Calcium supplementation increased intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the abundance of fecal Acinetobacter and Propionibacterium. Accompanied with these effects, rats fed with calcium-fortified diets had higher bone mineral density, bone mineral content and femur mechanical strength, lower serum levels of bone markers and lower expression of calcium absorption-related genes (CaBP and Trpv6) compared with control. Inulin supplementation resulted in a markedly increased production of intestinal SCFAs, a decreased intestinal pH, an increased abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium, and an increased expression of Trpv6. Inulin and lactose showed beneficial effects on spine bone. CONCLUSION Calcium modulated gut microbiome composition and function. A pronounced effect of inulin on metabolic activity in the gastrointestinal tract was evident, and lactose supplementation decreased jejunal pH that might be associated with slightly enhanced bone mineralization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebekka Thøgersen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Martin Krøyer Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Line F Zachariassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
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Hattori S, Park S, Park JH, Omi N. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration on intestinal calcium absorption in ovariectomized female rats. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:24-27. [PMID: 33539691 PMCID: PMC7934354 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration reportedly recovers osteoporosis, a bone disorder associated with bone deficiency in postmenopausal women. However, the physiological mechanism of DHEA in osteoporosis remains elusive, especially in terms of intestinal calcium absorption. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA administration on calcium absorption in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats using an estrogen receptor antagonist. [Methods] Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=23, 6 weeks old) were randomized into three groups: OVX control group (OC, n=7), OVX with DHEA treatment group (OD, n=8), and OVX with DHEA inhibitor group (ODI, n=8) for 8 weeks. [Results] Intestinal calcium accumulation, as well as the rate of absorption, demonstrated no significant differences during the experimental period among investigated groups. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia at the proximal metaphysis was higher in the OD group than that in the OC group (p<0.05); however, BMD of the ODI group showed no significant difference from investigated groups. Furthermore, the BMD of the tibia at the diaphysis did not significantly differ among these groups. [Conclusion] We revealed that DHEA administration does not involve intestinal Ca absorption, although this treatment improves BMD levels in OVX rats. These observations indicate that the effect of DHEA on the bone in postmenopausal women is solely due to its influence on bone metabolism and not intestinal calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hattori
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Suhan Park
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jong-Hoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naomi Omi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lee S, Oh MM. Electric stimulation promotes growth, mineral uptake, and antioxidant accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 138:107727. [PMID: 33429155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that electric treatment has a positive effect, respectively, on germination, root growth and post-harvest quality. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on the effect of electric treatment on growth characteristics and quality of whole plants. Here, we explored the effect of electric fields on two cultivars of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Three levels of electric current (10, 50, and 100 mA) were applied to the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown plants for three weeks. Kale plants subjected to the electric fields, particularly 50 mA, had higher fresh and dry weights than the control. The absence of an electric field in a Faraday cage caused a significant decrease in shoot and root growth compared with the natural electric field (control). Electrostimulation enhanced nutrient uptake by activating root hair formation and active ion transport. Plants grown under 50 mA contained 72% more calcium, 57% more total phenolic compounds, and had a 70% greater antioxidant capacity than the control. This work provides foundational information regarding the effects of electrical stimulus on plants, which could enable the development of innovative culture technologies to improve crop yields and quality.
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Nie X, Jin H, Wen G, Xu J, An J, Liu X, Xie R, Tuo B. Estrogen Regulates Duodenal Calcium Absorption Through Differential Role of Estrogen Receptor on Calcium Transport Proteins. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3502-13. [PMID: 31974908 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal calcium absorption from the diet plays important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body. Estrogen exerts wide physiological and pathological effects in the human. Previous studies have shown that estrogen is involved in the intestinal calcium absorption. In this study, we made investigation on the mechanism of estrogen action on duodenal calcium absorption. METHODS The experiments were performed in mice, human, and human duodenal epithelial cells, SCBN cells. Murine duodenal calcium absorption was measured by using single pass perfusion of the duodenum in vivo. The calcium absorption of SCBN cells was evaluated by calcium imaging system. The expression of calcium transport proteins, transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPV6) and plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA1b), in the duodenum or SCBN cells were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS The duodenal calcium absorption in ovariectomized mice was significantly decreased, compared with control female mice, which returned to control level after 17β-estradiol replacement treatment. Estrogen regulated the expressions of TRPV6 and PMCA1b in murine and human duodenal mucosae and SCBN cells. The further results from SCBN cells showed that 17β-estradiol regulated calcium influx through the respective effects of estrogen receptor (ER) ɑ and β on TRPV6 and PMCA1b. CONCLUSION Estrogen regulates duodenal calcium absorption through differential role of ERɑ and ERβ on duodenal epithelial cellular TRPV6 and PMCA1b. The study further elucidates the mechanism of estrogen on the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption.
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12
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Abstract
Vitamin D is necessary for the active (transcellular) absorption of calcium and for skeletal health. Inadequate vitamin D in infants leads to increased risks of poor bone mineralization and ultimately rickets. Rickets is uncommon in full-term infants with a much higher risk in very premature infants. However, the primary cause of rickets in premature infants is a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus, not vitamin D. Available research, as well as most guidelines, recommend an intake of 400 IU daily of vitamin D as adequate for bone health in preterm and full-term infants. Higher doses have not been consistently shown to have specific clinical benefits for healthy infants. There are no strong data to support either routine testing of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D or targeting high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (e.g., 30 ng/mL) in healthy preterm or full-term infants. Vitamin D is commonly provided to infants via drops for breastfed babies or via infant formula, although alternative dosing approaches exist for breastfed infants, which some families may prefer. These include the use of drops placed on the mother's breast, dissolvable doses, and high maternal doses (approximately 6,400 IU daily). Infant formula contains vitamin D, and most infants will reach an intake from formula of about 400 IU daily within the first 2 months of life if they are consuming routine cow milk-based formula. Although vitamin D toxicity is very uncommon, caution should be used to avoid extremely concentrated high doses found in some commercially available drops. Infants with liver or kidney disease may need special attention to vitamin D intake and status. Further research is needed to define the role of vitamin D in non-bone health outcomes of infants and to identify methods to enhance compliance with current recommendations for vitamin D intake in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA,
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13
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Porwal K, Pal S, Kulkarni C, Singh P, Sharma S, Singh P, Prajapati G, Gayen JR, Ampapathi RS, Mullick A, Chattopadhyay N. A prebiotic, short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides promotes peak bone mass and maintains bone mass in ovariectomized rats by an osteogenic mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110448. [PMID: 32776872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) showed beneficial skeletal effects but its effect on peak bone mass (PBM) and bone loss caused by estrogen (E2) deficiency has not been studied, and we set out to study these effects in rats. Short-chain (sc)-FOS had no effect on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism of ovary intact (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. scFOS did not affect serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus levels, and on calcium absorption, although an increasing trend was noted in the sham group. Sham and OVX rats given scFOS had better skeletal parameters than their respective controls. scFOS treatment resulted in a higher bone anabolic response but had no effect on the catabolic parameters. scFOS increased serum levels of a short-chain fatty acid, butyrate which is known to have osteogenic effect. Our study for the first time demonstrates that in rats scFOS at the human equivalent dose enhances PBM and protects against E2 deficiency-induced bone loss by selective enhancement of new bone formation, and implicates butyrate in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Gurudayal Prajapati
- NMR Facility, SAIF Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ravi S Ampapathi
- NMR Facility, SAIF Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashim Mullick
- Tata Chemicals Limited-Innovation Centre, Paud Road, Mulshi, Pune, Maharashtra 412111, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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14
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Xie W, Han Y, Li F, Gu X, Su D, Yu W, Li Z, Xiao J. Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor Antagonist Alters Gut Microbiota and Alleviates the Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:444-454. [PMID: 31844916 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of evidence has suggested that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). It has been suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates the bone metabolism through Y1 receptor (Y1R), and might be associated with gut microbiota. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic effects of Y1R antagonist and to investigate the potential mechanism by which Y1R antagonist regulates gut microbiota. In this study, eighteen female rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham surgery (SHAM) group, the ovariectomized (OVX) group, and OVX+BIBO3304 group. After 6 weeks following surgery, Y1R antagonist BIBO3304 was administered to the rats in OVX+BIBO3304 group for 7 days. The bone microstructure and serum biochemical parameters were measured at 12 weeks after operation. The differences in the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Heat-map and Spearman's correlation analyses were constructed to investigate the correlations between microbiota and bone metabolism-related parameters. The results indicated that OVX+BIBO3304 group showed significantly higher BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Conn.D, and serum Ca2+ level than those in OVX group. Additionally, Y1R antagonist changed the gut microbiota composition with lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and higher proportions of some probiotics, including Lactobacillus. The correlation analysis showed that the changes of gut microbiota were closely associated with bone microstructure and serum Ca2+ levels. Our results suggested that Y1R antagonist played an anti-osteoporotic effect and regulated gut microbiota in OVX rats, indicating the potential to utilize Y1R antagonist as a novel treatment for PMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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15
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Zhang L, Hu J, Li M, Shang Q, Liu S, Piao X. Maternal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol during lactation improves intestinal calcium absorption and bone properties in sow-suckling piglet pairs. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:1083-1094. [PMID: 31290004 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lower maternal vitamin D status during lactation is a common health problem. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of maternal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) supplementation during lactation on maternal and neonatal bone health in a sow model. 32 Large White × Landrace sows were assigned randomly to one of two diets supplemented with 2000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (ND) or 50 μg/kg 25-OH-D3 (25-D). The experiment began on day 107 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation. Maternal 25-OH-D3 supplementation significantly decreased milk n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, which supported bone formation of piglets. Supplementation with 25-OH-D3 altered bone turnover rate of sows and piglets, as evidenced by higher bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) concentration in serum. 25-D sows had significantly higher bone density and mechanical properties of tibias and femurs than ND sows. Calcium (Ca) absorption rate was higher in 25-D sows than ND sows, which was caused partially by the increased mRNA expressions of renal 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and duodenal vitamin D receptor (VDR), transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), and calcium-binding protein D9k (CaBP-D9k). Maternal 25-OH-D3 supplementation increased tibial and femoral Ca content by up-regulating Ca-related gene expression in kidney (CYP27B1), ileum (VDR and claudin-2), and colon (VDR and CaBP-D9k), thus, activating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2-D3]-dependent Ca transport in piglets. In conclusion, improved milk fatty acids and higher mRNA expressions of calcitropic genes triggered by maternal 25-OH-D3 supplementation would be the potential mechanism underlying the positive effects of 25-OH-D3 on maternal and neonatal bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qinghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Wongdee K, Rodrat M, Teerapornpuntakit J, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Factors inhibiting intestinal calcium absorption: hormones and luminal factors that prevent excessive calcium uptake. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:683-696. [PMID: 31222614 PMCID: PMC10717634 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides the two canonical calciotropic hormones, namely parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], there are several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as prolactin, estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor that have been known to directly stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. Generally, to maintain an optimal plasma calcium level, these positive regulators enhance calcium absorption, which is indirectly counterbalanced by a long-loop negative feedback mechanism, i.e., through calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroid chief cells. However, several lines of recent evidence have revealed the presence of calcium absorption inhibitors present in the intestinal lumen and extracellular fluid in close vicinity to enterocytes, which could also directly compromise calcium absorption. For example, luminal iron, circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, and stanniocalcin can decrease calcium absorption, thereby preventing excessive calcium uptake under certain conditions. Interestingly, the intestinal epithelial cells themselves could lower their rate of calcium uptake after exposure to high luminal calcium concentration, suggesting a presence of an ultra-short negative feedback loop independent of systemic hormones. The existence of neural regulation is also plausible but this requires more supporting evidence. In the present review, we elaborate on the physiological significance of these negative feedback regulators of calcium absorption, and provide evidence to show how our body can efficiently restrict a flood of calcium influx in order to maintain calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayuree Rodrat
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand.
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17
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Lagos LV, Lee SA, Fondevila G, Walk CL, Murphy MR, Loor JJ, Stein HH. Influence of the concentration of dietary digestible calcium on growth performance, bone mineralization, plasma calcium, and abundance of genes involved in intestinal absorption of calcium in pigs from 11 to 22 kg fed diets with different concentrations of digestible phosphorus. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 31149337 PMCID: PMC6537374 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 21-day experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Ca requirements to maximize growth performance expressed as the standardized total tract digestible (STTD) Ca to STTD P ratio is less than 1.40:1. The second hypothesis was that increasing dietary Ca increases plasma Ca concentration and downregulates abundance of genes related to Ca absorption (TRPV6, S100G, and ATP2B1) in the duodenum, and tight junction proteins (OCLN, CLDN1, and ZO1) in the duodenum and ileum. METHODS Twenty corn-soybean meal diets were formulated using a 4 × 5 factorial design with diets containing 0.16%, 0.33%, 0.42%, or 0.50% STTD P, and 0.14%, 0.29%, 0.44%, 0.59%, or 0.74% STTD Ca. Six hundred and forty pigs (initial weight: 11.1 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 20 diets and 5 blocks in a randomized complete block design. On day 21, weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded and blood, duodenal tissue, ileal mucosa, and the right femur were collected from 1 pig per pen. Abundance of mRNA was determined in duodenal and ileal tissue via quantitative RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using a response surface model. RESULTS The predicted maximum ADG (614 g), G:F (0.65), and bone ash (11.68 g) was obtained at STTD Ca:STTD P ratios of 1.39:1, 1.25:1, and 1.66:1, respectively, when STTD P was provided at the requirement (0.33%). If dietary STTD P was below the requirement, increasing dietary Ca resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. However, if dietary STTD P was above the requirement, negative effects (P < 0.05) on ADG and G:F of increasing STTD Ca were observed only if dietary STTD Ca exceeded 0.6%. Plasma Ca concentration was positively affected by STTD Ca over the range studied (quadratic, P < 0.01) and negatively affected by increasing STTD P (linear, P < 0.01). There was a linear negative effect (P < 0.05) of STTD Ca on the abundance of S100G, TRPV6, OCLN, and ZO1 in duodenum, and CLDN and ZO1 in ileum. CONCLUSIONS The STTD Ca:STTD P ratio needed to maximize growth performance of 11- to 25-kg pigs is less than 1.40:1, if P is at the estimated requirement. Increasing dietary Ca reduces transcellular absorption of Ca and increases paracellular absorption of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Vanessa Lagos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Su A. Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | | | | | - Michael R. Murphy
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Hans H. Stein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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18
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Brun LR, Lombarte M, Roma S, Perez F, Millán JL, Rigalli A. Increased calcium uptake and improved trabecular bone properties in intestinal alkaline phosphatase knockout mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:661-667. [PMID: 29234952 PMCID: PMC6338327 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity and calcium (Ca) absorption in the gut, as IAP acts as a protective mechanism inhibiting high Ca entry into enterocytes, preventing Ca overload. Here we evaluated Ca absorption and bone properties in knockout mice (KO) completely devoid of duodenal IAP (Akp3 -/- mice). Female C57BL/6 control mice (WT, n = 7) and KO mice (n = 10) were used to determine Ca absorption in vivo and by in situ isolated duodenal loops followed by histomorphometric analysis of duodenal villi and crypts. Bone mineral density, morphometry, histomorphometry and trabecular connectivity and biomechanical properties were measured on bones. We observed mild atrophy of the villi with lower absorption surface and a significantly higher Ca uptake in KO mice. While no changes were seen in cortical bone, we found better trabecular connectivity and biomechanical properties in the femurs of KO mice compared to WT mice. Our data indicate that IAP KO mice display higher intestinal Ca uptake, which over time appears to correlate with a positive effect on the biomechanical properties of trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Brun
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Santa Fe 3100, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - M Lombarte
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Santa Fe 3100, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - S Roma
- Histology and Embryology Department, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - F Perez
- Histology and Embryology Department, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - A Rigalli
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Santa Fe 3100, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
- Rosario National University Research Council, Rosario, Argentina
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19
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Abstract
In the United States, there is a significant disparity in vitamin D status among individuals of African versus European descent. Despite having lower total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared with white Americans, African Americans have higher bone mineral density and lower fracture risk. This article reviews classical and nonclassical vitamin D physiology, describes whether total versus free 25-hydroxyvitamin D is a better marker of vitamin D status in African Americans, and summarizes the influence of vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation on markers of vitamin D bioactivity (intestinal calcium absorption, parathyroid hormone secretion, bone mineral density, fracture) in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Shieh
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1687, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1687, USA.
| | - John F Aloia
- Department of Medicine, Bone Mineral Research and Treatment Center, Dean Winthrop University Hospital Clinical Campus, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 222 Station Plaza North, Suite 510, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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20
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Charoenphandhu N, Kraidith K, Lertsuwan K, Sripong C, Suntornsaratoon P, Svasti S, Krishnamra N, Wongdee K. Na +/H + exchanger 3 inhibitor diminishes hepcidin-enhanced duodenal calcium transport in hemizygous β-globin knockout thalassemic mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:201-208. [PMID: 27995414 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigation has shown that the liver-derived iron-regulating hormone, hepcidin, can potentiate intestinal calcium absorption in hemizygous β-globin knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice. Since the upregulation of Fe2+ and H+ cotransporter, divalent metal transporter (DMT)-1, has been shown to correlate with thalassemia-induced intestinal calcium absorption impairment, the inhibition of the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)-3 that is essential for cytoplasmic pH regulation and transepithelial sodium absorption was hypothesized to negatively affect hepcidin action. Herein, the positive effect of hepcidin on the duodenal calcium transport was evaluated using Ussing chamber technique. The results showed that BKO mice had lower absorptive surface area and duodenal calcium transport than wild-type mice. Besides, paracellular transport of zinc in BKO mice was compromised. Hepcidin administration completely restored calcium transport. Since this hepcidin action was totally abolished by inhibitors of the basolateral calcium transporters, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA1b), the enhanced calcium flux potentially occurred through the transcellular pathway rather than paracellular pathway. Interestingly, the selective NHE3 inhibitor, 100 nM tenapanor, markedly inhibited hepcidin-enhanced calcium transport. Accordingly, hepcidin is one of the promising therapeutic agents for calcium malabsorption in β-thalassemia. It mainly stimulates the transcellular calcium transport across the duodenal epithelium in an NHE3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kamonshanok Kraidith
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornkamon Lertsuwan
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanakarn Sripong
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Office of Academic Management, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
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Peng Z, Hou H, Zhang K, Li B. Effect of calcium-binding peptide from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) bone on calcium bioavailability in rats. Food Chem 2016; 221:373-378. [PMID: 27979216 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone collagen peptide with high affinity to Ca was extracted from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) bone. FTIR spectra of calcium-binding bone collagen peptide showed that band at 3381cm-1 shifted to 3361cm-1, 1455cm-1 moved to 1411cm-1, and amide II became deeper valley, compared with that of bone collagen peptide. This peptide was sequenced by Q-TOF-MS and sequences of Gly-Pro-Glu-Gly, Gly-Glu-Lys, Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly and Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly appeared repeatedly in some peptides. From SEM, after chelated with calcium, the loose and porous structure turned into granular structure. From the animal experiment, Ca apparent absorption rate, Ca retention rate and femur Ca content of calcium-binding bone collagen peptide group were significantly higher than those of model and CaCO3 groups (P<0.05), while serum ALP was significantly lower than model group (P<0.05) and similar to control group. The results suggested that calcium-binding bone collagen peptide could improve bioavailability of Ca and thus prevented Ca deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Bafang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
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Wang Y, Dellatore P, Douard V, Qin L, Watford M, Ferraris RP, Lin T, Shapses SA. High fat diet enriched with saturated, but not monounsaturated fatty acids adversely affects femur, and both diets increase calcium absorption in older female mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:742-50. [PMID: 27262536 PMCID: PMC4919156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet induced obesity has been shown to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and Ca absorption. However, previous experiments have not examined the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in the absence of obesity or addressed the type of dietary fatty acids. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of different types of high fat feeding, without obesity, on fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and bone health. It was hypothesized that dietary fat would increase FCA and reduce BMD. Mature 8-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed one of three diets: a HFD (45% fat) enriched either with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and a normal fat diet (NFD; 10% fat). Food consumption was controlled to achieve a similar body weight gain in all groups. After 8wk, total body bone mineral content and BMD as well as femur total and cortical volumetric BMD were lower in SFA compared with NFD groups (P<.05). In contrast, femoral trabecular bone was not affected by the SFAs, whereas MUFAs increased trabecular volume fraction and thickness. The rise over time in FCA was greater in mice fed HFD than NFD and final FCA was higher with HFD (P<.05). Intestinal calbindin-D9k gene and hepatic cytochrome P450 2r1 protein levels were higher with the MUFA than the NFD diet (P<.05). In conclusion, HFDs elevated FCA overtime; however, an adverse effect of HFD on bone was only observed in the SFA group, while MUFAs show neutral or beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Dellatore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Veronique Douard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malcolm Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Tiao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No,58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Chang B, Schlussel Y, Sukumar D, Schneider SH, Shapses SA. Influence of vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on calcium absorption: BsmI predicts a greater decrease during energy restriction. Bone 2015; 81:138-144. [PMID: 26165414 PMCID: PMC4641000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low calcium absorption is associated with low bone mass and fracture. In this study, we use gold standard methods of fractional calcium absorption (FCA) to determine whether polymorphisms of intestinal receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1), influence the response to energy restriction. Fractional calcium absorption was measured using dual stable isotopes ((42)Ca and (43)Ca) in women given adequate calcium and vitamin D and examined at baseline and after 6 weeks of energy restriction or no intervention. After genotyping, the relationship between VDR and ESR1 genotypes/haplotypes and FCA response was assessed using several genetic models. One-hundred and sixty-eight women (53 ± 11 years of age) were included in this analysis. The ESR1 polymorphisms, PvuII and XbaI and VDR polymorphisms (TaqI, ApaI) did not significantly influence FCA. The BB genotype of the VDR polymorphism, BsmI, was associated with a greater decrease in FCA than the Bb/bb genotype. Multiple linear regression showed that the BsmI polymorphism or the VDR haplotype, BAt, in addition to changes in weight and vitamin D intake explained ~16% of the variation in changes in FCA. In conclusion, the reduction in calcium absorption due to energy restriction is greatest for those with the BB genotype. Previous candidate gene studies show that VDR polymorphisms are associated with higher risk for osteoporosis, and the current study supports the notion that the BsmI polymorphism in intestinal VDR may be contributing to alterations in bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Y Schlussel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - D Sukumar
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S H Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Abstract
Dietary protein is required for optimal skeletal growth and maturation. Although Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) exist for global dietary protein intake, the level and sources of dietary protein that are optimal for skeletal health over the life continuum have not been established. This is partly due to the difficulty in quantifying the effects of variable levels of a nutrient's intake over a lifetime as well as the complex nature of the relationships between dietary protein and calcium economy. Areas of current uncertainty include the precise source and amount of dietary protein required for optimal skeletal accretion and maintenance of skeletal mass, as well as the site-specific effects of dietary protein. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin the actions of dietary protein on mineral metabolism and skeletal homeostasis remain unclear. This review attempts to summarize recent data bearing on these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Bihuniak
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1101, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06269-1101, USA.
| | - Karl L Insogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06269-1101, USA
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Abstract
For humans and rodents, duodenum is a very important site of calcium absorption since it is exposed to ionized calcium released from dietary complexes by gastric acid. Calcium traverses the duodenal epithelium via both transcellular and paracellular pathways in a vitamin D-dependent manner. After binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] upregulates the expression of several calcium transporter genes, e.g., TRPV5/6, calbindin-D9k, plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase1b, and NCX1, thereby enhancing the transcellular calcium transport. This action has been reported to be under the regulation of parathyroid-kidney-intestinal and bone-kidney-intestinal axes, in which the plasma calcium and fibroblast growth factor-23 act as negative feedback regulators, respectively. 1,25(OH)2D3 also modulates the expression of tight junction-related genes and convective water flow, presumably to increase the paracellular calcium permeability and solvent drag-induced calcium transport. However, vitamin D-independent calcium absorption does exist and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis under certain conditions, particularly in neonatal period, pregnancy, and lactation as well as in naturally vitamin D-impoverished subterranean mammals.
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Kruger MC, von Hurst PR, Booth CL, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Todd JM, Schollum LM. Postprandial metabolic responses of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone and C-telopeptide of type I collagen to three doses of calcium delivered in milk. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e6. [PMID: 25191614 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute doses of Ca rapidly increase serum Ca and reduce bone resorption concomitant with a
reduction in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The physiological response to a dose
of Ca in milk and to a Ca salt may be different. The present study investigated Ca
absorption patterns with increasing levels of fortification in milk, and the response to
one dose of a Ca salt. A group of twenty-eight Asian women aged 20–45 years volunteered to
attend the laboratory over several weeks. The fasted volunteers were randomised to one of
three experimental drinks: 200 ml skimmed milk containing 250, 500 or 1000 mg Ca. A
subgroup of seven volunteers also received a calcium gluconate/carbonate salt containing
1000 mg Ca in 200 ml water. Serial blood samples and urine were collected for 5 h from
baseline. Different doses of Ca in milk resulted in a graded response in serum corrected
Ca, PTH and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) but not ionised Ca. Serum Ca increased
in response to all milk drinks and from 2 to 5 h the blood Ca levels were significantly
different for the 250 and 1000 mg doses, as was the integrated response between the loads.
The PTH response to the two higher doses was significantly more than following the 250 mg
dose. The integrated response for CTx and urinary Ca between all three doses of Ca in milk
was significantly different. A dose of Ca salt elicited a more immediate response reaching
a plateau faster, and declining faster to baseline. Fortified milk is a safe matrix for
delivering larger doses of Ca.
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Ramsubeik K, Keuler NS, Davis LA, Hansen KE. Factors associated with calcium absorption in postmenopausal women: a post hoc analysis of dual-isotope studies. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 114:761-7. [PMID: 24209888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced calcium absorption is a risk factor for osteoporosis. This study examined factors associated with fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and net calcium absorption in postmenopausal women in a post hoc analysis of three completed dual-isotope studies. Data were analyzed from 50 postmenopausal women undergoing 121 inpatient research visits in three studies evaluating changes in FCA related to correction of vitamin D insufficiency (n=19), use of proton pump inhibitors (n=21), and use of aromatase inhibitors to treat breast cancer (n=10). Net calcium absorption was the product of FCA and total calcium intake in milligrams per day. Variables included subjects' age, race, body mass index, serum calcium, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and habitual intake of kilocalories, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, oxalate, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D based on outpatient diet diaries. In multivariate models, subjects' age, dietary intake of kilocalories, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, calcium, and potassium were significant predictors of FCA. In multiple variable models predicting net calcium absorption, dietary intake of kilocalories, fat, fiber, calcium, potassium, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were significant. The square of the correlation between actual and predicted values (an approximation of R(2)) was 0.748 for FCA and 0.726 for net calcium absorption. Similar to other studies, this study found that age, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and dietary calcium and fat were associated with calcium absorption. Dietary intake of kilocalories, carbohydrates, and potassium were new factors that were significantly associated with FCA and net calcium absorption. In summary, the study suggests that several dietary habits play a role in calcium absorption, beyond vitamin D and calcium.
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