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Stergiou A, Leccioli L, Ricci D, Zaffalon ML, Brovelli S, Bombelli FB, Terraneo G, Metrangolo P, Cavallo G. Perovskite-Like Liquid-Crystalline Materials Based on Polyfluorinated Imidazolium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408570. [PMID: 38923136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites (HOIHPs) represent an emerging class of semiconducting materials, widely employed in a variety of optoelectronic applications. Despite their skyrocket growth in the last decade, a detailed understanding on their structure-property relationships is still missing. In this communication, we report two unprecedented perovskite-like materials based on polyfluorinated imidazolium cations. The two materials show thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior resulting in the emergence of stable mesophases. The manifold intermolecular F ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ F interactions are shown to be meaningful for the stabilization of both the solid- and liquid-crystalline orders of these perovskite-like materials. Moreover, the structure of the incorporated imidazolium cation was found to tune the properties of the liquid crystalline phase. Collectively, these results may pave the way for the design of a new class of halide perovskite-based soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Leccioli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Ricci
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo L Zaffalon
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
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2
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Hildebrandt J, Taubert A, Thünemann AF. Synthesis and Characterization of Ultra-Small Gold Nanoparticles in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamide, [Emim][DCA]. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300106. [PMID: 37650312 PMCID: PMC10853075 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on gold clusters with around 62 gold atoms and a diameter of 1.15±0.10 nm. Dispersions of the clusters are long-term stable for two years at ambient conditions. The synthesis was performed by mixing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ⋅ 3 H2 O) with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C. Characterization was performed with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A three-stage model is proposed for the formation of the clusters, in which cluster growth from gold nuclei takes place according to the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) model followed by oriented attachment to form colloidal stable clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hildebrandt
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Andreas F. Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
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Bona BL, Lagarrigue P, Chirizzi C, Espinoza MIM, Pipino C, Metrangolo P, Cellesi F, Baldelli Bombelli F. Design of fluorinated stealth poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocarriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113730. [PMID: 38176337 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of polymers with fluorinated moieties represents a promising strategy for the development of multimodal systems. Moreover, polymer fluorination often endows the resulting nanocarriers with improved colloidal stability in the biological environment. In this work, we developed fluorinated pegylated (PEG) biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) drug nanocarriers showing both high colloidal stability and stealth properties, as well as being (19F)-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) detectable. The optimized nanocarriers were obtained mixing a PEG-PCL block copolymer with a nonafluoro-functionalized PCL polymer. The role of PEGylation and fluorination on self-assembly and colloidal behavior of the obtained nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated, as well as their respective role on stealth properties and colloidal stability. To prove the feasibility of the developed NPs as potential 19F NMR detectable drug delivery systems, a hydrophobic drug was successfully encapsulated, and the maintenance of the relevant 19F NMR properties evaluated. Drug-loaded fluorinated NPs still retained a sharp and intense 19F NMR signal and good relaxivity parameters (i.e., T1 and T2 relaxation times) in water, which were not impaired by drug encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lucia Bona
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Prescillia Lagarrigue
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Cristina Chirizzi
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Martinez Espinoza
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Christian Pipino
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy.
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Tian WD, Si WD, Havenridge S, Zhang C, Wang Z, Aikens CM, Tung CH, Sun D. Biomimetic crystallization for long-pursued -COOH-functionalized gold nanocluster with near-infrared phosphorescence. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:40-48. [PMID: 37985311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
As an interdisciplinary product, water-soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) stabilized by ligands containing carboxyl (-COOH) group have garnered significant attention from synthetic chemists and biologists due to their immense potential for biomedical applications. However, revealing the crystallographic structures of -COOH-functionalized AuNCs remains a bottleneck. Herein, we successfully applied the salting-out method to obtain a series of high-quality single crystals of -COOH-functionalized Au25 nanoclusters and revealed their crystallographic structures. Particularly, K3Au25(2-Hmna)9(mna)6]- (Au25a) protected by 2-mercaptonicotinic acid features an unprecedented tetrameric Au4(SRS)3(SRS,N)2 staple motifs surrounding the icosahedral Au13 kernel, breaking the traditional perception on the structure of Au25(SR)18. Au25a exhibits a distinct near-infrared emission at 970 nm with long lifetime of 8690 ns, which have been studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory. This work compensates for the research gap in the experimental structure of -COOH-functionalized AuNCs and opens up a new avenue to explore their structure-property correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506, USA
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506, USA
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Nonappa. Precision nanoengineering for functional self-assemblies across length scales. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13800-13819. [PMID: 37902292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
As nanotechnology continues to push the boundaries across disciplines, there is an increasing need for engineering nanomaterials with atomic-level precision for self-assembly across length scales, i.e., from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Although molecular self-assembly allows atomic precision, extending it beyond certain length scales presents a challenge. Therefore, the attention has turned to size and shape-controlled metal nanoparticles as building blocks for multifunctional colloidal self-assemblies. However, traditionally, metal nanoparticles suffer from polydispersity, uncontrolled aggregation, and inhomogeneous ligand distribution, resulting in heterogeneous end products. In this feature article, I will discuss how virus capsids provide clues for designing subunit-based, precise, efficient, and error-free self-assembly of colloidal molecules. The atomically precise nanoscale proteinic subunits of capsids display rigidity (conformational and structural) and patchy distribution of interacting sites. Recent experimental evidence suggests that atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters display an anisotropic distribution of ligands and patchy ligand bundles. This enables symmetry breaking, consequently offering a facile route for two-dimensional colloidal crystals, bilayers, and elastic monolayer membranes. Furthermore, inter-nanocluster interactions mediated via the ligand functional groups are versatile, offering routes for discrete supracolloidal capsids, composite cages, toroids, and macroscopic hierarchically porous frameworks. Therefore, engineered nanoparticles with atomically precise structures have the potential to overcome the limitations of molecular self-assembly and large colloidal particles. Self-assembly allows the emergence of new optical properties, mechanical strength, photothermal stability, catalytic efficiency, quantum yield, and biological properties. The self-assembled structures allow reproducible optoelectronic properties, mechanical performance, and accurate sensing. More importantly, the intrinsic properties of individual nanoclusters are retained across length scales. The atomically precise nanoparticles offer enormous potential for next-generation functional materials, optoelectronics, precision sensors, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Facutly of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland.
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6
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Wacha M, Helm DL, Smart MM, McMillen CD, Casabianca LB, Sachdeva R, Urick CR, Wilson LP, Thrasher JS. A New Motif in Halogen Bonding: Cooperative Intermolecular S-Br⋅⋅⋅O, O⋅⋅⋅F, and F⋅⋅⋅F Associations in the Crystal Packing of α,ω-Di(sulfonyl bromide) Perfluoroalkanes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300012. [PMID: 36735331 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the first examples of S-Cl⋅⋅⋅O halogen bonding complemented by short F⋅⋅⋅F contacts between neighboring chains that resulted in stabilized crystals of ClSO2 (CF2 )4 SO2 Cl and ClSO2 (CF2 )6 SO2 Cl. More recently, other researchers studied our crystallographic data further using an Independent Gradient Model (IGM), and they suggested if one goes beyond IUPAC's proposed 'less than the sum of the van der Waals radii' criterion that even more noncovalent interactions between fluorine atoms on neighboring chains as well as Cl⋅⋅⋅Cl, Cl⋅⋅⋅S, O⋅⋅⋅F, and O⋅⋅⋅S attractive interactions can be found. With that said, we have prepared samples of the related BrSO2 (CF2 )n SO2 Br derivatives (where n=4, 6, 8, and others), which give rise to even stronger S-Br⋅⋅⋅O halogen bonding interactions complemented minimally by O⋅⋅⋅F and F⋅⋅⋅F intermolecular interactions as shown by X-ray crystallography and computational chemistry using IGM isosurface plots. Additional spectroscopic characterization (multinuclear NMR, FT-IR, and MS) of the disulfonyl bromide derivatives BrSO2 (CF2 )4 SO2 Br, BrSO2 (CF2 )6 SO2 Br, and BrSO2 (CF2 )8 SO2 Br has also been obtained as well as some preliminary spectroscopic evidence for BrSO2 (CF2 )2 SO2 Br and BrSO2 CF2 O(CF2 )2 OCF2 SO2 Br. The implication of these results toward the preparation of the corresponding disulfonyl iodides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Wacha
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY.,Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA
| | - David L Helm
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Megan M Smart
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Leah B Casabianca
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Rakesh Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Catherine R Urick
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - London P Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Joseph S Thrasher
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Hunter Laboratory, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
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Mahmood Khan I, Niazi S, Akhtar W, Yue L, Pasha I, Khan MKI, Mohsin A, Waheed Iqbal M, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Surface functionalized AuNCs optical biosensor as an emerging food safety indicator: Fundamental mechanism to future prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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The Recent Development of Multifunctional Gold Nanoclusters in Tumor Theranostic and Combination Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112451. [PMID: 36432642 PMCID: PMC9696200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence and severity of malignant tumors threaten human life and health, and the current lagged diagnosis and single treatment in clinical practice are inadequate for tumor management. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are nanomaterials with small dimensions (≤3 nm) and few atoms exhibiting unique optoelectronic and physicochemical characteristics, such as fluorescence, photothermal effects, radiosensitization, and biocompatibility. Here, the three primary functions that AuNCs play in practical applications, imaging agents, drug transporters, and therapeutic nanosystems, are characterized. Additionally, the promise and remaining limitations of AuNCs for tumor theranostic and combination therapy are discussed. Finally, it is anticipated that the information presented herein will serve as a supply for researchers in this area, leading to new discoveries and ultimately a more widespread use of AuNCs in pharmaceuticals.
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