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Woods JF, Zhang K, Peterschmitt J, Blacque O, Besnard C, Santiso-Quinones G, Samperisi L, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. A Supramolecular Nanosheet Assembled from Carpyridines and Water. J Am Chem Soc 2025. [PMID: 40383924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
The use of water as a solvent to facilitate supramolecular self-assembly and polymerization is well-documented; however, it is rare that water acts as a monomer that undergoes polymerization. We report the formation of nanosheets composed of water and a saddle-shaped porphyrinoid macrocycle, carpyridine, which allows for linearly stacked, eclipsed columns within formed 2D structures. Self-assembling carpyridine monomers from solutions with different extents of wetness permit the formation of nanosheets that appear identical by microscopy. Structural analysis through electron diffraction reveals fundamental changes in the local organization. Under dry conditions, carpyridine stacks are formed through π-π interactions between curved surfaces, whereas in solutions containing greater quantities of water, a hydrogen-bonded water-to-carpyridine-core network is propagated throughout perfectly linear columns. The observed wet phase can be interconverted to a dry one through vapor annealing, indicating an accessible energy surface of polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Peterschmitt
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Kim H, Son JB, Jeong M, Ahn Y, Choi M, Kang S, Lee NK, Lee D. Click To Stack: Shape-Assisted Self-Assembly of Unflattened Macrocycles into Waveguiding Elastic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:16429-16437. [PMID: 40305380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Designing molecular crystals for practical applications requires precise control over intermolecular interactions. We report a click-to-stack strategy to enable facile construction and systematic structural modification of tetraarene-fused cyclooctatetraenes. These saddle-shaped molecules self-assemble into one-dimensional columns with exceptional precision, driven solely by weak van der Waals interactions. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic and computational studies revealed fully eclipsed π-π stacking, reinforced by the shape complementarity of the negatively curved molecular contour. With alkoxy groups tethered, the antiparallel alignment of coaxial cable-like assemblies produces centimeter-long voidless crystals that exhibit remarkable structural durability under mechanical stress. These glow stick-like elastic crystalline rods display optical waveguiding properties, demonstrating the practical utility of highly anisotropic molecular assemblies with structural uniformity and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung Bae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youmin Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - MinGyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seungju Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Nam Ki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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3
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Suzuki W, Tanaka F, Kizuki Y, Inoue R, Agou T, Umeyama T. Steric factors controlling regioselective and efficient N-methylation of β-tetrabromoporphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:4686-4693. [PMID: 40232761 DOI: 10.1039/d5ob00212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
N-Methylation is a facile way to tune the structures and the electronic properties of porphyrin macrocycles, which could induce molecular recognition abilities or asymmetric geometric structures for organocatalytic and optoelectronic applications. However, as N-methylation reactions require a strong methylating reagent such as methyl triflate, control over the reactivities including methylation number and positions is still elusive. In this work, we have achieved highly regioselective and efficient 21N,23N-dimethylation of β-tetrabrominated porphyrins by methyl triflate. The experimental and theoretical evidence reveal that steric effects of bulky Br groups and unique tautomerisms of β-substituted porphyrins play essential roles in determining the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic N-methylation. Moreover, the high basicity of the formed 21N,23N-dimethylporphyrins induces the facile protonation of imine nitrogen atoms, which regulates the number of introduced methyl groups to suppress further N-methylation. As Br groups can be easily converted into various types of substituents, this work provides significant insights to expand the synthetic methods of N-methylporphyrins with precisely tunable reactivities and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Futo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kizuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan.
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4
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Sheikh Idris S, Wang H, Gao Y, Cai P, Wang Y, Zhao S. Nanoscale Spatial Control over the Self-Assembly of Small Molecule Hydrogelators. Gels 2025; 11:289. [PMID: 40277725 PMCID: PMC12026908 DOI: 10.3390/gels11040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Spatial control over molecular self-assembly at the nano scale offers great potential for many high-tech applications, yet remains a challenging task. Here, we report a polymer brush-mediated strategy to confine the self-assembly of hydrazone-based hydrogelators exclusively at nanoparticle surfaces. The surfaces of these nanoparticles are grafted with negatively charged polyacrylic acid, which enrich protons that can catalyze the in situ formation and self-assembly of hydrazone-based gelators. We found that, with respect to the polymer lengths, the concentration of the nanoparticles presents more significant effects on the self-assembly process and the properties of the resultant hydrogels, including gelation time, stiffness, and network morphology. More interestingly, the hydrogel fibers are found to be formed specifically around the nanoparticles, demonstrating the directed nanoscale molecular self-assembly. This work demonstrates that triggering molecular self-assembly using catalysis can serve as an effective way to realize directed molecular self-assembly at the nano scale, which may serve as a powerful approach to improve many material properties, such as the mechanical properties of supramolecular materials as we found in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.S.I.); (H.W.); (Y.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Shicheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.S.I.); (H.W.); (Y.G.); (P.C.)
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5
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Ling I, Norret M, Sobolev AN, Bond CS, Raston CL. Solid State Self-Assembly of an Extended Curved-Arm Nickel(II) Macrocycle with Fullerene C 60. Chem Asian J 2025; 20:e202401363. [PMID: 39913867 PMCID: PMC11916641 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202401363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Three new co-crystalline structures are reported that contain fullerene C60 with the under-represented Ni(II)-dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene derivative, (5,14-dihydro-6,8,15,17-tetrabenzyl-2,3,11,12-tetramethyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclo-tetradecine)nickel(II), [Ni(Bz4TMTAA)]. The single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that the three studied compounds crystallize in the monoclinic C2/c, Pnma orthorhombic and triclinic P1 , c h a r / 0 x 00 A F n o t i m p l e m e n t e d ${1,char/0x00AF not implemented}$ space groups, with the two former compounds being polymorphs that are isostructural but differ in their symmetries. From the crystallographic results, a common packing arrangement is established, with C60 and [Ni(Bz4TMTAA)] molecules organised around one-dimensional hollow channels, associated 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexation of the macrocycle and the fullerene molecules, the latter being organised into hexagonal arrays. Interestingly, one of the structures showed a skewed hexagonal channel arrangement with the introduction of water molecules. Hirshfeld surface analyses have been used to investigate non-covalent interactions and cumulative π…π, C-H…π, H…H, and N…C60 interactions between fullerene C60 and [Ni(Bz4TMTAA)] host molecule which are deemed the stabilizing factors for forming the sophisticated arrangements in the solid-state. differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ling
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA-6009, Australia
| | - Alexandre N Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA-6009, Australia
| | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA-6009, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA-5042, Australia
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6
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Kang H, Khazi MI, Baek S, Jeong W, Kim JM. Colorimetric Polydiacetylene Nanotubes from Self-Assembly of a Barbituric Acid-Derived Diacetylene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2025; 41:908-916. [PMID: 39725649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic nanotubes offer enhanced stability, robustness, and functionality, compared to their noncovalent counterparts. This study explores constructing polydiacetylene (PDA) nanotubes using a two-step process: self-assembly via noncovalent interactions followed by UV-induced polymerization of a diacetylene template. A promising building block PCDA-BA consisting of a hydrogen-bonding headgroup, barbituric acid, linked to a linear diacetylene chain was prepared. Through self-complementary hydrogen bonding arising from barbituric acid and π-π stacking of diacetylene template directs molecular ordering to form a tapelike molecular arrangement, which then transforms to bilayer lamellar sheets that scroll into nanotubes with increasing solvent polarity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction patterns show both single-wall and multiple-wall nanotubes, depending on the scrolling pathway. These noncovalent structures convert into covalently linked blue-phase chromogenic nanotubes (P(PCDA-BA)) via UV-induced polymerization. The blue phase P(PCDA-BA) shows promising potential as a colorimetric sensor material with significant reversible thermoreversibility up to 160 °C for multiple thermal cycles and hydrazine sensing capabilities. This study highlights the significance of molecular integration design in constructing covalent nanotubes with chromogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Khazi
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seungjoo Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Woomin Jeong
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jong Man Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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7
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Rubert L, Ehmann HMA, Soberats B. Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymorphism in Cyanine H- and J-Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202415774. [PMID: 39324930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202415774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
We designed a new cyanine dye 1, with two pedant rod-like groups, capable of forming two distinct two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular polymorphs in methylcyclohexane; an H-type aggregate (Agg-H2) and a J-type aggregate (Agg-J). Importantly, these two polymorphs were not accessed through polymerization events, and instead through the thermal transformation of a third particle-like polymorph (Agg-H1) formed by the anti-cooperative assembly of 1. While Agg-H2 is generated upon cooling the solution of Agg-H1 by a thermoreversible polymorph transition, the Agg-J was obtained through a hidden pathway by combining sonication and cooling to the Agg-H1 solution. This is the first report on the obtention of H- and J-type cyanine polymorphs that in turn could be isolated in solid-state to render two new 2D photoactive materials. This paper unveils new strategies for designing 2D supramolecular polymers using calamitic residues, but also undercovers relevant aspects of pathway complexity and polymorph transitions that might be crucial for developing novel photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Rubert
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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8
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Sarkar M, Kushwaha V, Boomishankar R. Ligand-Directed Synthesis of a Self-Organized Chloro-Bridged Cubic Pd(II) Cage Showing Selective Encapsulation of Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406358. [PMID: 39073222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and guest recognition properties of a neutral Pd24-cubic cage, [{Pd3(NiPr)3PO}8(μ2-Cl)24] 1 are reported. The formation of the cubical assembly takes place by an exclusive one-pot ligand-assisted pathway directed by an oximido linker. The initial coordination of the oximido ligand pre-organizes the [Pd3(NiPr)3PO]3+ polyhedral building units into a tetrameric intermediate, which then transforms into an oximido-tethered tetrahedral assembly and to the cubical cage 1 in the presence of chloride ions. In the absence of the directing oximido linker, no cage formation was observed, and the Pd6-precursor was found to undergo self-condensation, giving rise to a new pentameric polyhedral cluster, [Pd5{(NiPr)3PO}2(OAc)2(OH)2] 2. The central cavity of the cube has been probed for guest encapsulation studies, which shows a high binding with phenolic guest molecules with association constants of the order of 104-105 M-1. The favorable formation of host-guest complexes was attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between the host and guest functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghamala Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Vikash Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
- Centre of Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
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9
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Luengo-Márquez J, Assenza S, Micheletti C. Shape and size tunability of sheets of interlocked ring copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6595-6607. [PMID: 39105348 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically bonded membranes of interlocked ring polymers are a significant generalization of conventional elastic sheets, where connectivity is provided by covalent bonding, and represent a promising class of topological meta-materials. In this context, two open questions regard the large-scale reverberations of the heterogeneous composition of the rings and the inequivalent modes of interlocking neighboring rings. We address these questions with Langevin dynamics simulations of chainmails with honeycomb-lattice connectivity, where the rings are block copolymers with two segments of different rigidity. We considered various combinations of the relative lengths of the two segments and the patterns of the over- and under-passes linking neighboring rings. We find that varying ring composition and linking patterns have independent and complementary effects. While the former sets the overall size of the chainmail, the latter defines the shape, enabling the selection of starkly different conformation types. Notably, one of the considered linking patterns favors saddle-shaped membranes, providing a first example of spontaneous negative Gaussian curvature in mechanically bonded sheets. The results help establish the extent to which mechanically bonded membranes can differ from conventional elastic ones, particularly for the achievable shape and size tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luengo-Márquez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Assenza
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO. Quantifying near-symmetric molecular distortion using symmetry-coordinate structural decomposition. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc01670j. [PMID: 39129773 PMCID: PMC11310747 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We imagine molecules to be perfect, but rigidified units can be designed to bend from their ideal shape, discarding their symmetric elements as they progress through vibrations and larger, more permanent distortions. The shape of molecules is either simulated or measured by crystallography and strongly affects chemical properties but, beyond an image or tabulation of atom-to-atom distances, little is often discussed of the accessed conformation. We have simplified the process of shape quantification across multiple molecular types with a new web-accessible program - SCSD - through which a molecular subunit possessing near-symmetry can be dissected into symmetry coordinates with ease. This parameterization allows a common set of numbers for comparing and understanding molecular shape, and is a simple method for database analysis; this program is available at https://www.kingsbury.id.au/scsd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin D02R590 Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin D02R590 Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich Lichtenberg-Str. 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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11
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Marvaniya K, Dobariya P, Maurya A, Patel K, Kushwaha S. Epitaxially Grown Mechanically Robust 2D Thin Film of Secondary Interactions Led Molecularly Woven Material. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310797. [PMID: 38368253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly woven materials with striking mechanical resilience, and 2D controlled topologies like textiles, fishing nets, and baskets are highly anticipated. Molecular weaving exclusively apprehended by the secondary interactions expanding to laterally grown 2D self-assemblies with retained crystalline arrangement is stimulating. The interlacing entails planar molecules screwed together to form 2D woven thin films. Here, secondary interactions led 2D interlaced molecularly woven material (2°MW) built by 1D helical threads of organic chromophores twisted together via end-to-end CH···O connections, held strongly at inter-crossing by multiple OH···N interactions to prevent slippage is presented. Whereas, 1D helical threads with face-to-face O-H···O connections sans interlacing led the non-woven material (2°NW). The polarity-driven directionality in 2°MW led the water-actuated epitaxial growth of 2D-sheets to lateral thin films restricted to nano-scale thickness. The molecularly woven thin film is self-healing, flexible, and mechanically resilient in nature, while maintaining the crystalline regularity is attributed to the supple secondary interactions (2°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Marvaniya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Dobariya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashish Maurya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ketan Patel
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shilpi Kushwaha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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12
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Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO. Molecular Symmetry and Art: Visualizing the Near-Symmetry of Molecules in Piet Mondrian's De Stijl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403754. [PMID: 38619527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Symmetry and shape are essential aspects of molecular structure and how we interpret molecules and their properties. We, as chemists, are comfortable with pictorial representations of structure, in which some nuance is lost-investigating molecular shape numerically by looking at how closely it fits a reference, such as a plane, or a set of vectors or coordinates, is informative, though far from engaging. Often relationships between chemical structure and derived values are obscured. Taking our inspiration from Piet Mondrian's Compositions, we have depicted the symmetry information encoded within 3D data as blocks of color, to show clearly how chemical arguments and resultant molecular distortion may contribute to symmetry. Great art gives us a new perspective on the world; as a pastiche, this art may allow us to look at familiar molecules, such as porphyrins, in a new light, understanding how their shape and properties are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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13
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Qiu S, Valdivia AC, Zhuang W, Hung FF, Che CM, Casado J, Liu J. Nonalternant Nanographenes Containing N-Centered Cyclopenta[ ef]heptalene and Aza[7]Helicene Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16161-16172. [PMID: 38720418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introducing helical subunits into negatively curved π-systems has a significant effect on both the molecular geometry and photophysical properties; however, the synthesis of these helical π-systems embedded with nonbenzenoid subunits remains challenging due to the high strain deriving from both the curvature and helix. Here, we report a family of nonalternant nanographenes containing a nitrogen (N)-doped cyclopenta[ef]heptalene unit. Among them, CPH-2 and CPH-3 can be viewed as hybrids of benzoannulated cyclopenta[ef]heptalene and aza[7]helicene. The crystal structures revealed a saddle geometry for CPH-1, a saddle-helix hybrid for CPH-2, and a twist-helix hybrid for CPH-3. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations indicate that the saddle moieties in CPHs undergo flexible conformational changes at room temperature, while the aza[7]helicene subunit exhibits a dramatically increased racemization energy barrier (78.2 kcal mol-1 for CPH-2, 143.2 kcal mol-1 for CPH-3). The combination of the nitrogen lone electron pairs of the N-doped cyclopenta[ef]heptalene unit with the twisted helix fragments results in rich photophysics with distinctive fluorescence and phosphorescence in CPH-1 and CPH-2 and the similar energy fluorescence and phosphorescence in CPH-3. Both enantiopure CPH-2 and CPH-3 display distinct circular dichroism (CD) signals in the UV-vis range. Notably, compared to the reported fully π-extended helical nanographenes, CPH-3 exhibits excellent chiroptical properties with a |gabs| value of 1.0 × 10-2 and a |glum| value of 7.0 × 10-3; these values are among the highest for helical nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Abel Cárdenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Weiwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Junzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
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14
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Gallego L, Woods JF, Butti R, Szwedziak P, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Shape-Assisted Self-Assembly of Hexa-Substituted Carpyridines into 1D Supramolecular Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318879. [PMID: 38237056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The extent of the influence that molecular curvature plays on the self-assembly of supramolecular polymers remains an open question in the field. We began addressing this fundamental question with the introduction of "carpyridines", which are saddle-shaped monomers that can associate with one another through π-π interactions and in which the rotational and translational movements are restricted. The topography displayed by the monomers led, previously, to the assembly of highly ordered 2D materials even in the absence of strong directional interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Here, we introduce a simple strategy to gain control over the dimensionality of the formed structures yielding classical unidimensional polymers. These have been characterized using well-established protocols allowing us to determine and confirm the self-assembly mechanism of both fibers and sheets. The calculated interaction energies are significantly higher than expected for flexible self-assembling units lacking classical "strong" non-covalent interactions. The versatility of this supramolecular unit to assemble into either supramolecular fibers or 2D sheets with strong association energies highlights remarkably well the potential and importance of molecular shape for the design of supramolecular materials and the applications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachele Butti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Szwedziak
- Centre for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Rue du Loess 23, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Yu X, Li H, Tian W, Ge Y, Wang T, Qi Z, Liu J. Single-layer semiconductor-decorated flexible 2D protein nanosheets by engineered anchoring for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129819. [PMID: 38290631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein self-assembly can be accurately manipulated to form ordered nanostructures through various supramolecular forces. This strategy is expected to make significant breakthroughs in the field of new biomimetic functional materials. Specifically, the construction of photocatalytic systems on two-dimensional (2D) flexible protein nanosheets meets a great challenge. We introduce a synthetic methodology for creating single-layer semiconductor-decorated protein 2D materials under mild conditions with enhanced light-driven hydrogen production. This approach employs a bioengineered green fluorescent protein (E4P) with the addition of a Cd-binding peptide, enabling precise control of the assembly of CdS quantum dots (QDs) on the protein's surface. Consequently, we obtained 4.3 nm-thin single-layer 2D protein nanosheets with substantial surface areas ideal for accommodating CdS QDs. By orthogonal incorporation of metal-binding peptides and supramolecular coordination, significantly enhancing the overall photocatalytic efficiency. Our findings demonstrate the potential for stable and efficient hydrogen production, highlighting the adaptability and biocompatibility of protein scaffolds for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hui Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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16
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Gómez-González B, Basílio N, Vaz B, Pérez-Lorenzo M, García-Río L. Delving into the Variability of Supramolecular Affinity: Self-Ion Pairing as a Central Player in Aqueous Host-Guest Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317553. [PMID: 38100517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The determination of binding constants is a key matter in evaluating the strength of host-guest interactions. However, the profound impact of self-ion pairing on this parameter is often underrated in aqueous solution, leading in some cases to a misinterpretation of the true potential of supramolecular assemblies. In the present study, we aim to shed further light on this critical factor by exploring the concentration-dependent behavior of a multicharged pillararene in water. Our observations reveal an extraordinary 1-million-fold variability in the affinity of this macrocycle toward a given anion, showcasing the highly dynamic character of electrostatic interactions. We argue that these findings bring to the forefront the inherent determinism that underlies the estimation of affinity constants, a factor profoundly shaped by both the sensitivity of the instrumental technique in use and the intricacies of the experimental design itself. In terms of applications, these results may provide the opportunity to optimize the operational concentrations of multicharged hosts in different scenarios, aiming to achieve their maximum efficiency based on the intended application. Unlocking the potential of this hidden variability may pave the way for the creation of novel molecular materials with advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gómez-González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Belén Vaz
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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17
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Zhu H, Ronson TK, Wu K, Nitschke JR. Steric and Geometrical Frustration Generate Two Higher-Order Cu I12L 8 Assemblies from a Triaminotriptycene Subcomponent. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2370-2378. [PMID: 38251968 PMCID: PMC10835662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of copper(I) in metal-organic assemblies leads readily to the formation of simple grids and helicates, whereas higher-order structures require complex ligand designs. Here, we report the clean and selective syntheses of two complex and structurally distinct CuI12L8 frameworks, 1 and 2, which assemble from the same simple triaminotriptycene subcomponent and a formylpyridine around the CuI templates. Both represent new structure types. In T-symmetric 1, the copper(I) centers describe a pair of octahedra with a common center but whose vertices are offset from each other, whereas in D3-symmetric 2, the metal ions form a distorted hexagonal prism. The syntheses of these architectures illustrate how more intricate CuI-based complexes can be prepared via subcomponent self-assembly than has been possible to date through consideration of the interplay between the subcomponent geometry and solvent and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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18
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David AG, Mañas-Torres MC, Codesal MD, López-Sicilia I, Martín-Romero MT, Camacho L, Cuerva JM, Blanco V, Giner-Casares JJ, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Campaña AG. Supramolecular Large Nanosheets Assembled at Air/Water Interfaces and in Solution from Amphiphilic Heptagon-Containing Nanographenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:163-173. [PMID: 38087461 PMCID: PMC10777395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new set of amphiphilic saddle-shaped heptagon-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) functionalized with tetraethylene glycol chains and their self-assembly into large two-dimensional (2D) polymers. An in-depth analysis of the self-assembly mechanism at the air/water interface has been carried out, and the proposed arrangement models are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. Quite remarkably, the number and disposition of the tetraethylene glycol chains significantly influence the disposition of the PAHs at the interface and conditionate their packing under pressure. For the three compounds studied, we observed three different behaviors in which the aromatic core is parallel, perpendicular, and tilted with respect to the water surface. We also show that these curved PAHs are able to self-assemble in solution into remarkably large sheets of up to 150 μm2. These results show the relationship, within a family of curved nanographenes, between the monomer configuration and their self-assembly capacity in air/water interfaces and organic-water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur
H. G. David
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mari C. Mañas-Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marcos D. Codesal
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene López-Sicilia
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T. Martín-Romero
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Camacho
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J. Giner-Casares
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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19
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Chen X, Chen J, Su W, Su J, Zou Q, Zhang Z. Dynamic monitoring of self-assembly by confining conformational changes of butterfly-motion-based molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11999-12002. [PMID: 37727890 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A simple dynamic monitoring strategy for chiral self-assembly is achieved by confining the bent-to-planar evolution observed in N,N'-diphenyl-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine derivatives (DPAC-R/S-GLD). Besides, this approach provides a facile pathway to fabricate architectures with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Wenyuan Su
- Shanghai United International School Wanyuan Campus, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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20
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Woods JF, Gallego L, Maisch A, Renggli D, Cuocci C, Blacque O, Steinfeld G, Kaech A, Spingler B, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Saddles as rotational locks within shape-assisted self-assembled nanosheets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4725. [PMID: 37550281 PMCID: PMC10406840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a key target for many applications in the modern day. Self-assembly is one approach that can bring us closer to this goal, which usually relies upon strong, directional interactions instead of covalent bonds. Control over less directional forces is more challenging and usually does not result in as well-defined materials. Explicitly incorporating topography into the design as a guiding effect to enhance the interacting forces can help to form highly ordered structures. Herein, we show the process of shape-assisted self-assembly to be consistent across a range of derivatives that highlights the restriction of rotational motion and is verified using a diverse combination of solid state analyses. A molecular curvature governed angle distribution nurtures monomers into loose columns that then arrange to form 2D structures with long-range order observed in both crystalline and soft materials. These features strengthen the idea that shape becomes an important design principle leading towards precise molecular self-assembly and the inception of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amira Maisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Renggli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Cuocci
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Parra RD. Bracelet-like Complexes of Lithium Fluoride with Aromatic Tetraamides, and Their Potential for LiF-Mediated Self-Assembly: A DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:4812. [PMID: 37375366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometries and binding energies of complexes between a LiF molecule and a model aromatic tetraamide are obtained using various DFT methods. The tetraamide consists of a benzene ring and four amides positioned so that the LiF molecule can bind via Li⋯O=C or N-H⋯F interactions. The complex with both interactions is the most stable one, followed by the complex with only N-H⋯F interactions. Doubling the size of the former resulted in a complex with a LiF dimer sandwiched between the model tetraamides. In turn, doubling the size of the latter resulted in a more stable tetramer with bracelet-like geometry having the two LiF molecules also sandwiched but far apart from each other. Additionally, all methods show that the energy barrier to transition to the more stable tetramer is small. The self-assembly of the bracelet-like complex mediated by the interactions of adjacent LiF molecules is demonstrated by all computational methods employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Parra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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22
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Zhang K, Hope PA, El Bitar Nehme M, Linden A, Spingler B, Rickhaus M. Azatriseptanes: Strained Framework Analogs of [7,7,7]Circulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203954. [PMID: 36542683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic compounds are essential for understanding the effect of negative curvature on carbon allotropes such as fullerenes and graphenes that have applications in functional organic materials. However, owing to the synthetic difficulties in functionalizing and embedding seven-membered rings, these strain-challenged structures are relatively unexplored. We report here the synthesis, characterization, and properties of a triarylamine core bridged with ethano chains at the 2,2'-positions. In doing so, we provide access to the first heterocycle containing three fused heptagon rings with a nitrogen at its core (BATA-NHAc). X-ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations revealed a remarkably strained structure wherein two of the bridged aryl units approach coplanarity, while the third ring is twisted out of plane at 70°. UV-vis and emission spectroscopies identify red-shifted absorption and concentration-dependent emission profiles, respectively, as a result of the unique conformation and self-assembly properties of BATA-NHAc. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry shows a decrease in the oxidation potential for BATA-NHAc in comparison to the non-bridged analog. This study opens new avenues in understanding the structure-property relationships of curved π-aromatics and the construction of π-frameworks of increasing complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip A Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mélissa El Bitar Nehme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Aggregation and Conductivity in Hot-Grown Petroporphyrin Films. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a follow-up to our study on aggregation of metal-etioporphyrin complexes (Colloids Surf. A. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2022, 648, 129284), we considered thin films of three isomers of copper(II) etioporphyrin deposited on hot substrates. Despite the almost identical absorption spectra of isomers, their solid-state superstructures differ remarkably both in form and size. The lateral conductivity of films is much less sensitive to an isomer-type, regardless of the substrate temperature. However, the dark conductivity of cold-grown films is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of hot-grown films, whereas the photoconductivity of the latter is 100–1700 times greater, depending on the isomer.
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Volchek VV, Kompankov NB, Sokolov MN, Abramov PA. Proton Affinity in the Chemistry of Beta-Octamolybdate: HPLC-ICP-AES, NMR and Structural Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:8368. [PMID: 36500457 PMCID: PMC9738851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The affinity of [β-Mo8O26]4- toward different proton sources has been studied in various conditions. The proposed sites for proton coordination were highlighted with single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis of (Bu4N)3[β-{Ag(py-NH2)Mo8O26]}] (1) and from analysis of reported structures. Structural rearrangement of [β-Mo8O26]4- as a direct response to protonation was studied in solution with 95Mo NMR and HPLC-ICP-AES techniques. A new type of proton transfer reaction between (Bu4N)4[β-Mo8O26] and (Bu4N)4H2[V10O28] in DMSO results in both polyoxometalates transformation into [V2Mo4O19]4-, which was confirmed by the 95Mo, 51V NMR and HPLC-ICP-AES techniques. The same type of reaction with [H4SiW12O40] in DMSO leads to metal redistribution with formation of [W2Mo4O19]2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Volchek
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Kompankov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Abramov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Yuan SC, Lewis JA, Sai H, Weigand SJ, Palmer LC, Stupp SI. Peptide Sequence Determines Structural Sensitivity to Supramolecular Polymerization Pathways and Bioactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16512-16523. [PMID: 36049084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathways in supramolecular polymerization traverse different regions of the system's energy landscape, affecting not only their architectures and internal structure but also their functions. We report here on the effects of pathway selection on polymerization for two isomeric peptide amphiphile monomers with amino acid sequences AAEE and AEAE. We subjected the monomers to five different pathways that varied in the order they were exposed to electrostatic screening by electrolytes and thermal annealing. We found that introducing electrostatic screening of E residues before annealing led to crystalline packing of AAEE monomers. Electrostatic screening decreased intermolecular repulsion among AAEE monomers thus promoting internal order within the supramolecular polymers, while subsequent annealing brought them closer to thermodynamic equilibrium with enhanced β-sheet secondary structure. In contrast, supramolecular polymerization of AEAE monomers was less pathway dependent, which we attribute to side-chain dimerization. Regardless of the pathway, the internal structure of AEAE nanostructures had limited internal order and moderate β-sheet structure. These supramolecular polymers generated hydrogels with lower porosity and greater bulk mechanical strength than those formed by the more cohesive AAEE polymers. The combination of dynamic, less ordered internal structure and bulk strength of AEAE networks promoted strong cell-material interactions in adherent epithelial-like cells, evidenced by increased cytoskeletal remodeling and cell spreading. The highly ordered AAEE nanostructures formed porous hydrogels with inferior bulk mechanical properties and weaker cell-material interactions. We conclude that pathway sensitivity in supramolecular synthesis, and therefore structure and function, is highly dependent on the nature of dominant interactions driving polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jacob A Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven J Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Advanced Photon Source/Argonne National Laboratory 432-A004, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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