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Trigos AS, Bongiovanni F, Zhang Y, Zethoven M, Tothill R, Pearson R, Papenfuss AT, Goode DL. Disruption of metazoan gene regulatory networks in cancer alters the balance of co-expression between genes of unicellular and multicellular origins. Genome Biol 2024; 25:110. [PMID: 38685127 PMCID: PMC11057133 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metazoans inherited genes from unicellular ancestors that perform essential biological processes such as cell division, metabolism, and protein translation. Multicellularity requires careful control and coordination of these unicellular genes to maintain tissue integrity and homeostasis. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that arose during metazoan evolution are frequently altered in cancer, resulting in over-expression of unicellular genes. We propose that an imbalance in co-expression of unicellular (UC) and multicellular (MC) genes is a driving force in cancer. RESULTS We combine gene co-expression analysis to infer changes to GRNs in cancer with protein sequence conservation data to distinguish genes with UC and MC origins. Co-expression networks created using RNA sequencing data from 31 tumor types and normal tissue samples are divided into modules enriched for UC genes, MC genes, or mixed UC-MC modules. The greatest differences between tumor and normal tissue co-expression networks occur within mixed UC-MC modules. MC and UC genes not commonly co-expressed in normal tissues form distinct co-expression modules seen only in tumors. The degree of rewiring of genes within mixed UC-MC modules increases with tumor grade and stage. Mixed UC-MC modules are enriched for somatic mutations in cancer genes, particularly amplifications, suggesting an important driver of the rewiring observed in tumors is copy number changes. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the greatest changes to gene co-expression patterns during tumor progression occur between genes of MC and UC origins, implicating the breakdown and rewiring of metazoan gene regulatory networks in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Trigos
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Felicia Bongiovanni
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Maia Zethoven
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Tothill
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Pearson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Soukup J, Manethova M, Stejskal V, Novakova M, Duskova J, Hornychova H, Hacova M, Staniczkova-Zambo I, Zelinka T, Kosak M, Cesak T, Netuka D, Ryska A, Gabalec F. Hand2 Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Paragangliomas and Other Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 2024; 35:14-24. [PMID: 38416360 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Hand2 is a core transcription factor responsible for chromaffin cell differentiation. However, its potential utility in surgical pathology has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate its expression in paragangliomas, other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), and additional non-neuroendocrine tumors. We calibrated Hand2 immunohistochemistry on adrenal medulla cells and analyzed H-scores in 46 paragangliomas (PGs), 9 metastatic PGs, 21 cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors (CENETs), 48 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), 8 olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs), 110 well-differentiated NETs (WDNETs), 10 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 29 adrenal cortical adenomas, 8 melanomas, 41 different carcinomas, and 10 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Both tissue microarrays (TMAs) and whole sections (WSs) were studied. In 171 NENs, previously published data on Phox2B and GATA3 were correlated with Hand2. Hand2 was positive in 98.1% (54/55) PGs, but only rarely in WDNETs (9.6%, 10/104), CENETs (9.5%, 2/21), NECs (4.2%, 2/48), or ONBs (12.5%, 1/8). Any Hand2 positivity was 98.1% sensitive and 91.7% specific for the diagnosis of PG. The Hand2 H-score was significantly higher in primary PGs compared to Hand2-positive WDNETs (median 166.3 vs. 7.5; p < 0.0001). Metastatic PGs were positive in 88.9% (8/9). No Hand2 positivity was observed in any adrenal cortical neoplasm or other non-neuroendocrine tumors, with exception of 8/10 GISTs. Parasympathetic PGs showed a higher Hand2 H-score compared to sympathetic PGs (median H-scores 280 vs. 104, p < 0.0001). Hand2 positivity in NENs serves as a reliable marker of primary and metastatic PG, since other NENs only rarely exhibit limited Hand2 positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova, 2039, 128 00, Nové Mesto, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Novakova
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Duskova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova, 2039, 128 00, Nové Mesto, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hacova
- Department of Pathology, The Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczkova-Zambo
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University, Pekarská 664/53, 602 00, Brno-stred, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zelinka
- Centre for Hypertension, 3rd Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Kosak
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cesak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Gabalec
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Karna B, Pellegata NS, Mohr H. Animal and Cell Culture Models of PPGLs - Achievements and Limitations. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:51-64. [PMID: 38171372 DOI: 10.1055/a-2204-4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Research on rare tumors heavily relies on suitable models for basic and translational research. Paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors (NET), developing from adrenal (pheochromocytoma, PCC) or extra-adrenal (PGL) chromaffin cells, with an annual incidence of 2-8 cases per million. While most PPGL cases exhibit slow growth and are primarily treated with surgery, limited systemic treatment options are available for unresectable or metastatic tumors. Scarcity of appropriate models has hindered PPGL research, preventing the translation of omics knowledge into drug and therapy development. Human PPGL cell lines are not available, and few animal models accurately replicate the disease's genetic and phenotypic characteristics. This review provides an overview of laboratory models for PPGLs, spanning cellular, tissue, organ, and organism levels. We discuss their features, advantages, and potential contributions to diagnostics and therapeutics. Interestingly, it appears that in the PPGL field, disease models already successfully implemented in other cancers have not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Karna
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Simona Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Chatzikyriakou P, Brempou D, Quinn M, Fishbein L, Noberini R, Anastopoulos IN, Tufton N, Lim ES, Obholzer R, Hubbard JG, Moonim M, Bonaldi T, Nathanson KL, Izatt L, Oakey RJ. A comprehensive characterisation of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma tumours through histone protein profiling, DNA methylation and transcriptomic analysis genome wide. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:196. [PMID: 38124114 PMCID: PMC10734084 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours. Pathogenic variants have been identified in more than 15 susceptibility genes; associated tumours are grouped into three Clusters, reinforced by their transcriptional profiles. Cluster 1A PPGLs have pathogenic variants affecting enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including succinate dehydrogenase. Within inherited PPGLs, these are the most common. PPGL tumours are known to undergo epigenetic reprograming, and here, we report on global histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation levels, alongside clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Out of the 25 histone post-translational modifications examined, Cluster 1A PPGLs were distinguished from other tumours by a decrease in hyper-acetylated peptides and an increase in H3K4me2. DNA methylation was compared between tumours from individuals who developed metastatic disease versus those that did not. The majority of differentially methylated sites identified tended to be completely methylated or unmethylated in non-metastatic tumours, with low inter-sample variance. Metastatic tumours by contrast consistently had an intermediate DNA methylation state, including the ephrin receptor EPHA4 and its ligand EFNA3. Gene expression analyses performed to identify genes involved in metastatic tumour behaviour pin-pointed a number of genes previously described as mis-regulated in Cluster 1A tumours, as well as highlighting the tumour suppressor RGS22 and the pituitary tumour-transforming gene PTTG1. CONCLUSIONS Combined transcriptomic and DNA methylation analyses revealed aberrant pathways, including ones that could be implicated in metastatic phenotypes and, for the first time, we report a decrease in hyper-acetylated histone marks in Cluster 1 PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Chatzikyriakou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dimitria Brempou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Quinn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lauren Fishbein
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism in the Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis N Anastopoulos
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Nicola Tufton
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eugenie S Lim
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rupert Obholzer
- Department of ENT and Skull Base Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Johnathan G Hubbard
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mufaddal Moonim
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louise Izatt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rebecca J Oakey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Fischer A, Kloos S, Remde H, Dischinger U, Pamporaki C, Timmers HJLM, Robledo M, Fliedner SMJ, Wang K, Maurer J, Reul A, Bechmann N, Hantel C, Mohr H, Pellegata NS, Bornstein SR, Kroiss M, Auernhammer CJ, Reincke M, Pacak K, Grossman AB, Beuschlein F, Nölting S. Responses to systemic therapy in metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:546-565. [PMID: 37949483 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The therapeutic options for metastatic pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (mPPGLs) include chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/vincristine/dacarbazine (CVD), temozolomide monotherapy, radionuclide therapies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib. The objective of this multicenter retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the responses of mPPGLs including those with pathogenic variants in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB), to different systemic treatments. DESIGN This is a retrospective analysis of treatment responses of mPPGL patients (n = 74) to systemic therapies. METHODS Patients with mPPGLs treated at 6 specialized national centers were selected based on participation in the ENSAT registry. Survival until detected progression (SDP) and disease-control rates (DCRs) at 3 months were evaluated based on imaging reports. RESULTS For the group of patients with progressive disease at baseline (83.8% of 74 patients), the DCR with first-line CVD chemotherapy was 75.0% (n = 4, SDP 11 months; SDHB [n = 1]: DCR 100%, SDP 30 months), with somatostatin peptide receptor-based radionuclide therapy (PPRT) 85.7% (n = 21, SDP 17 months; SDHB [n = 10]: DCR 100%, SDP 14 months), with 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) 82.6% (n = 23, SDP 43 months; SDHB [n = 4]: DCR 100%, SDP 24 months), with sunitinib 100% (n = 7, SDP 18 months; SDHB [n = 3]: DCR 100%, SDP 18 months), and with somatostatin analogs 100% (n = 4, SDP not reached). The DCR with temozolomide as second-line therapy was 60.0% (n = 5, SDP 10 months; SDHB [n = 4]: DCR 75%, SDP 10 months). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate in a real-life clinical setting that all current therapies show reasonable efficacy in preventing disease progression, and this is equally true for patients with germline SDHB mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Fischer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kloos
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Remde
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henri J L M Timmers
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Institute de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie M J Fliedner
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Wang
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Maurer
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Reul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J Auernhammer
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NET Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Rosenblum JS, Wang H, Nazari MA, Zhuang Z, Pacak K. Pacak-Zhuang syndrome: a model providing new insights into tumor syndromes. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e230050. [PMID: 37450881 PMCID: PMC10512798 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This article is a summary of the plenary lecture presented by Jared Rosenblum that was awarded the Manger Prize at the Sixth International Symposium on Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma held on 19-22 October 2022 in Prague, Czech Republic. Herein, we review our initial identification of a new syndrome of multiple paragangliomas, somatostatinomas, and polycythemia caused by early postzygotic mosaic mutations in EPAS1, encoding hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2α), and our continued exploration of new disease phenotypes in this syndrome, including vascular malformations and neural tube defects. Continued recruitment and close monitoring of patients with this syndrome as well as the generation and study of a corresponding disease mouse model as afforded by the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma translational program at the National Institutes of Health has provided new insights into the natural history of these developmental anomalies and the pathophysiologic role of HIF-2α. Further, these studies have highlighted the importance of the timing of genetic defects in the development of related disease phenotypes. The recent discovery and continued study of this syndrome has not only rapidly evolved our understanding of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma but also deepened our understanding of other developmental tumor syndromes, heritable syndromes, and sporadic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Matthew A Nazari
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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7
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Guo Q, Cheng ZM, Gonzalez-Cantú H, Rotondi M, Huelgas-Morales G, Ethiraj P, Qiu Z, Lefkowitz J, Song W, Landry BN, Lopez H, Estrada-Zuniga CM, Goyal S, Khan MA, Walker TJ, Wang E, Li F, Ding Y, Mulligan LM, Aguiar RCT, Dahia PLM. TMEM127 suppresses tumor development by promoting RET ubiquitination, positioning, and degradation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113070. [PMID: 37659079 PMCID: PMC10637630 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM127 gene encodes a transmembrane protein of poorly known function that is mutated in pheochromocytomas, neural crest-derived tumors of adrenomedullary cells. Here, we report that, at single-nucleus resolution, TMEM127-mutant tumors share precursor cells and transcription regulatory elements with pheochromocytomas carrying mutations of the tyrosine kinase receptor RET. Additionally, TMEM127-mutant pheochromocytomas, human cells, and mouse knockout models of TMEM127 accumulate RET and increase its signaling. TMEM127 contributes to RET cellular positioning, trafficking, and lysosome-mediated degradation. Mechanistically, TMEM127 binds to RET and recruits the NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase for RET ubiquitination and degradation via TMEM127 C-terminal PxxY motifs. Lastly, increased cell proliferation and tumor burden after TMEM127 loss can be reversed by selective RET inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Our results define TMEM127 as a component of the ubiquitin system and identify aberrant RET stabilization as a likely mechanism through which TMEM127 loss-of-function mutations cause pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Guo
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zi-Ming Cheng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hector Gonzalez-Cantú
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Rotondi
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Huelgas-Morales
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Purushoth Ethiraj
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhijun Qiu
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Lefkowitz
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wan Song
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bethany N Landry
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hector Lopez
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia M Estrada-Zuniga
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shivi Goyal
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Walker
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Exing Wang
- Department Cell Structure and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Pathology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yanli Ding
- Department of Pathology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lois M Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo C T Aguiar
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Patricia L M Dahia
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Science Center at Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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8
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Yu A, Xu X, Pang Y, Li M, Luo J, Wang J, Liu L. PD-L1 Expression is Linked to Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cell Exhaustion and Adverse Pathological Behavior in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100210. [PMID: 37406931 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) is an endocrine-related tumor associated with excessive catecholamine release and has limited treatment options once metastasis occurs. Although recent phase 2 clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of PPGL have preliminarily shown promising results, the fundamentals of immunotherapy for PPGL have not yet been established. In the early research, using bulk RNA sequencing of tumor samples from 7 PPGL patients, we found that PPGL tumor tissues exhibited high PD-L1 mRNA expression compared with adjacent normal adrenal medulla tissues, and this was related to T-cell exhaustion biomarkers. To further validate the association, in this study (n = 60), we first stratified all PPGL samples according to PD-L1 expression as determined by immunohistochemical staining, and then subjected 23 fresh PPGL tumor samples from the cohort to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 16), flow cytometry (n = 7), and multiplex-immunofluorescence staining. Subsequently, we evaluated the pathological manifestations of all 60 PPGL tumor samples and analyzed the correlation among PD-L1 expression, adverse pathological behavior, various clinicopathological data, and genotypes in PPGL. The results showed that PD-L1-positive expression correlated with the exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating T cells, preoperative abnormal elevation of plasma norepinephrine, high Ki67 index, and adverse pathological behavior in PPGL but not with genetic mutation or metastatic disease, possibly due to the limitation of the small number of patients with metastatic disease (n = 4) in the study cohort. In conclusion, our findings reveal that PD-L1 expression is associated with T-cell exhaustion and adverse pathological behavior in PPGL. These results are expected to provide a new theoretical basis and clinical guidance for the treatment of PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anze Yu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxian Pang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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9
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Bechmann N, Westermann F, Eisenhofer G. HIF and MYC signaling in adrenal neoplasms of the neural crest: implications for pediatrics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1022192. [PMID: 37361539 PMCID: PMC10286580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1022192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric neural crest-derived adrenal neoplasms include neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Both entities are associated with a high degree of clinical heterogeneity, varying from spontaneous regression to malignant disease with poor outcome. Increased expression and stabilization of HIF2α appears to contribute to a more aggressive and undifferentiated phenotype in both adrenal neoplasms, whereas MYCN amplification is a valuable prognostic marker in neuroblastoma. The present review focuses on HIF- and MYC signaling in both neoplasms and discusses the interaction of associated pathways during neural crest and adrenal development as well as potential consequences on tumorigenesis. Emerging single-cell methods together with epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses provide further insights into the importance of a tight regulation of HIF and MYC signaling pathways during adrenal development and tumorigenesis. In this context, increased attention to HIF-MYC/MAX interactions may also provide new therapeutic options for these pediatric adrenal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Robledo M, Dahia PLM. Update on the genetics of paragangliomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e220373. [PMID: 36748842 PMCID: PMC10029328 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Paragangliomas (PGL) of the adrenal (also known as pheochromocytomas) or extra-adrenal neural crest-derived cells are highly heritable tumors, usually driven by single pathogenic variants that occur mutually exclusively in genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including the response to hypoxia, MAPK/ERK signaling, and WNT signaling. The discovery of driver mutations has led to active clinical surveillance with outcome implications in familial PGL. The spectrum of mutations continues to grow and reveal unique mechanisms of tumorigenesis that inform tumor biology and provide the rationale for targeted therapy. Here we review recent progress in the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of PGLs and discuss new prospects for advancing research with new disease models and ongoing clinical trials presented at the recent International Symposium of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (ISP2022) held in October 2022 in Prague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
- Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia L M Dahia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Mays Cancer Center at UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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11
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Solhusløkk Höse K, Stenman A, Svahn F, Larsson C, Juhlin CC. TOP2A Expression in Pheochromocytoma and Abdominal Paraganglioma: a Marker of Poor Clinical Outcome? Endocr Pathol 2023; 34:129-141. [PMID: 36656469 PMCID: PMC10011289 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and abdominal paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells. Even though only 10-15% of the tumors metastasize, all PPGLs are considered potentially malignant. Topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A) is a protein involved in cell proliferation and has been found to be over-expressed in metastatic PPGL. To provide support whether TOP2A could serve as a prognostic marker, 88 PPGLs (of which 8 metastatic/relapsing) and 10 normal adrenal gland samples were assessed for TOP2A mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and TOP2A immunohistochemistry. Comparisons to clinical parameters connected to metastatic behavior were made, and The Cancer Genome Atlas was used for validation of the results. A significant association between high TOP2A mRNA expression in primary PPGL and subsequent metastatic events (p = 0.008) was found, as well as to specific histological features and clinical parameters connected to metastatic behavior and mutations in SDHB. TOP2A immunoreactivity was calculated as an index of positive nuclei divided by the total amount of nuclei, and this index associated with TOP2A mRNA levels (p = 0.023) as well as the Ki-67 labeling index (p = 0.001). To conclude, TOP2A is a potential prognostic marker as it is frequently elevated in PPGL displaying subsequent metastatic disease, and future studies in larger cohorts are warranted to determine if a TOP2A index as assessed by immunohistochemistry could be a marker of poor outcome. Additionally, elevated levels of TOP2A could indicate a potential actionable event, and future studies with topoisomerase inhibitors would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Stenman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, J6:20 BioClinicum Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumours and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Fredrika Svahn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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12
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Wan GY. Biomarker identification of immune-related genes in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:249-260. [PMID: 36915875 PMCID: PMC10006013 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although we have a good understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), the underlying pathogenesis and molecular pathways of PPGL need to be further studied. This study aimed to use bioinformatics to analyze the role of immune-related genes (IRGs) in the pathogenesis of PPGL. Methods GSE19422 and GSE60459 microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R, and genes overlapping with IRGs were screened using the "VennDiagram" package. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and the core genes were identified by Cytoscape, followed by enrichment analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the core genes. In addition, the level of immune cell infiltration of PPGL was analyzed and the target drug of the core gene was predicted. Results A total of 1,105 DEGs were identified from the 2 datasets, of which 94 were IRGs, suggesting that the occurrence of PPGL involved immune-related pathways. Through PPI and Cytoscape, a total of 2 core genes: fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), FYN proto-oncogene (FYN), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) were identified, and the ROC curve showed that these 3 core genes had good efficacy in the diagnosis of PPGL, and more than 50 potential therapeutic drugs could be predicted based on these 3 core genes. Subsequent immunoinfiltration analysis showed that mast cells activated were significantly elevated in patients with PPGL, negatively correlated with macrophages M2, and positively correlated with the level of dendritic cells activated. Conclusions This study found that immunity is closely related to the occurrence of PPGL, and that FGF2, FYN, and VCAM1 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang Wan
- Department of Urology, the People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
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13
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Calsina B, Piñeiro-Yáñez E, Martínez-Montes ÁM, Caleiras E, Fernández-Sanromán Á, Monteagudo M, Torres-Pérez R, Fustero-Torre C, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Gil E, Letón R, Jiménez S, García-Martín S, Martin MC, Roldán-Romero JM, Lanillos J, Mellid S, Santos M, Díaz-Talavera A, Rubio Á, González P, Hernando B, Bechmann N, Dona M, Calatayud M, Guadalix S, Álvarez-Escolá C, Regojo RM, Aller J, Del Olmo-Garcia MI, López-Fernández A, Fliedner SMJ, Rapizzi E, Fassnacht M, Beuschlein F, Quinkler M, Toledo RA, Mannelli M, Timmers HJ, Eisenhofer G, Rodríguez-Perales S, Domínguez O, Macintyre G, Currás-Freixes M, Rodríguez-Antona C, Cascón A, Leandro-García LJ, Montero-Conde C, Roncador G, García-García JF, Pacak K, Al-Shahrour F, Robledo M. Genomic and immune landscape Of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1122. [PMID: 36854674 PMCID: PMC9975198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms triggering metastasis in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma are unknown, hindering therapeutic options for patients with metastatic tumors (mPPGL). Herein we show by genomic profiling of a large cohort of mPPGLs that high mutational load, microsatellite instability and somatic copy-number alteration burden are associated with ATRX/TERT alterations and are suitable prognostic markers. Transcriptomic analysis defines the signaling networks involved in the acquisition of metastatic competence and establishes a gene signature related to mPPGLs, highlighting CDK1 as an additional mPPGL marker. Immunogenomics accompanied by immunohistochemistry identifies a heterogeneous ecosystem at the tumor microenvironment level, linked to the genomic subtype and tumor behavior. Specifically, we define a general immunosuppressive microenvironment in mPPGLs, the exception being PD-L1 expressing MAML3-related tumors. Our study reveals canonical markers for risk of metastasis, and suggests the usefulness of including immune parameters in clinical management for PPGL prognostication and identification of patients who might benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Calsina
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Piñeiro-Yáñez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Martínez-Montes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Fernández-Sanromán
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Monteagudo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Fustero-Torre
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pulgarín-Alfaro
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gil
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Letón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Scherezade Jiménez
- Monoclonal Antibodies Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Martín
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martin
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Engineering Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan María Roldán-Romero
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Lanillos
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Mellid
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Santos
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Díaz-Talavera
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Rubio
- Genomics Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia González
- Histopathology Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Hernando
- Computational Oncology Group, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Margo Dona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - María Calatayud
- Department of Endocrinology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Guadalix
- Department of Endocrinology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rita M Regojo
- Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aller
- Department of Endocrinology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Stephanie M J Fliedner
- Neuroendocrine Oncology and Metabolism, Medical Department I, Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elena Rapizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) und Universität Zürich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Quinkler
- Endocrinology in Charlottenburg Stuttgarter Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A Toledo
- Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumors, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Henri J Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Engineering Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Genomics Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Macintyre
- Computational Oncology Group, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Currás-Freixes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Leandro-García
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Montero-Conde
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Core Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karel Pacak
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Su Y, Jin G, Zhou H, Yang Z, Wang L, Mei Z, Jin Q, Lv S, Chen X. Development of stimuli responsive polymeric nanomedicines modulating tumor microenvironment for improved cancer therapy. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:4-30. [PMID: 37724108 PMCID: PMC10471091 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) severely hinders the therapeutic effects of various cancer treatment modalities. The TME differs from normal tissues owing to the presence of hypoxia, low pH, and immune-suppressive characteristics. Modulation of the TME to reverse tumor growth equilibrium is considered an effective way to treat tumors. Recently, polymeric nanomedicines have been widely used in cancer therapy, because their synthesis can be controlled and they are highly modifiable, and have demonstrated great potential to remodel the TME. In this review, we outline the application of various stimuli responsive polymeric nanomedicines to modulate the TME, aiming to provide insights for the design of the next generation of polymeric nanomedicines and promote the development of polymeric nanomedicines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Su
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guanyu Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huicong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Mei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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