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Baker EN. Poetry in motion: catching molecules in action. IUCRJ 2024; 11:129-130. [PMID: 38446455 PMCID: PMC10916286 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have long sought to `see' proteins and other macromolecules in motion, to better understand their functions. Technological developments, notably advances in serial crystallography, are now making these dreams a reality, heralding a new era of kinetic crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Khusainov G, Standfuss J, Weinert T. The time revolution in macromolecular crystallography. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:020901. [PMID: 38616866 PMCID: PMC11015943 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Macromolecular crystallography has historically provided the atomic structures of proteins fundamental to cellular functions. However, the advent of cryo-electron microscopy for structure determination of large and increasingly smaller and flexible proteins signaled a paradigm shift in structural biology. The extensive structural and sequence data from crystallography and advanced sequencing techniques have been pivotal for training computational models for accurate structure prediction, unveiling the general fold of most proteins. Here, we present a perspective on the rise of time-resolved crystallography as the new frontier of macromolecular structure determination. We trace the evolution from the pioneering time-resolved crystallography methods to modern serial crystallography, highlighting the synergy between rapid detection technologies and state-of-the-art x-ray sources. These innovations are redefining our exploration of protein dynamics, with high-resolution crystallography uniquely positioned to elucidate rapid dynamic processes at ambient temperatures, thus deepening our understanding of protein functionality. We propose that the integration of dynamic structural data with machine learning advancements will unlock predictive capabilities for protein kinetics, revolutionizing dynamics like macromolecular crystallography revolutionized structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Khusainov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Standfuss
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weinert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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3
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Caramello N, Royant A. From femtoseconds to minutes: time-resolved macromolecular crystallography at XFELs and synchrotrons. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:60-79. [PMID: 38265875 PMCID: PMC10836399 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development of time-resolved serial crystallography (TR-SX) at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and synchrotrons has allowed researchers to study phenomena occurring in proteins on the femtosecond-to-minute timescale, taking advantage of many technical and methodological breakthroughs. Protein crystals of various sizes are presented to the X-ray beam in either a static or a moving medium. Photoactive proteins were naturally the initial systems to be studied in TR-SX experiments using pump-probe schemes, where the pump is a pulse of visible light. Other reaction initiations through small-molecule diffusion are gaining momentum. Here, selected examples of XFEL and synchrotron time-resolved crystallography studies will be used to highlight the specificities of the various instruments and methods with respect to time resolution, and are compared with cryo-trapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Caramello
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 1 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, HARBOR, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antoine Royant
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 1 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 10090, 38044 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
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4
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Jacobs LMC, Consol P, Chen Y. Drug Discovery in the Field of β-Lactams: An Academic Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:59. [PMID: 38247618 PMCID: PMC10812508 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Lactams are the most widely prescribed class of antibiotics that inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), particularly transpeptidases that function in peptidoglycan synthesis. A major mechanism of antibiotic resistance is the production of β-lactamase enzymes, which are capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics. There have been many efforts to counter increasing bacterial resistance against β-lactams. These studies have mainly focused on three areas: discovering novel inhibitors against β-lactamases, developing new β-lactams less susceptible to existing resistance mechanisms, and identifying non-β-lactam inhibitors against cell wall transpeptidases. Drug discovery in the β-lactam field has afforded a range of research opportunities for academia. In this review, we summarize the recent new findings on both β-lactamases and cell wall transpeptidases because these two groups of enzymes are evolutionarily and functionally connected. Many efforts to develop new β-lactams have aimed to inhibit both transpeptidases and β-lactamases, while several promising novel β-lactamase inhibitors have shown the potential to be further developed into transpeptidase inhibitors. In addition, the drug discovery progress against each group of enzymes is presented in three aspects: understanding the targets, screening methodology, and new inhibitor chemotypes. This is to offer insights into not only the advancement in this field but also the challenges, opportunities, and resources for future research. In particular, cyclic boronate compounds are now capable of inhibiting all classes of β-lactamases, while the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) series of small molecules has led to not only new β-lactamase inhibitors but potentially a new class of antibiotics by directly targeting PBPs. With the cautiously optimistic successes of a number of new β-lactamase inhibitor chemotypes and many questions remaining to be answered about the structure and function of cell wall transpeptidases, non-β-lactam transpeptidase inhibitors may usher in the next exciting phase of drug discovery in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.M.C.J.); (P.C.)
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5
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Henning RW, Kosheleva I, Šrajer V, Kim IS, Zoellner E, Ranganathan R. BioCARS: Synchrotron facility for probing structural dynamics of biological macromolecules. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:014301. [PMID: 38304444 PMCID: PMC10834067 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A major goal in biomedical science is to move beyond static images of proteins and other biological macromolecules to the internal dynamics underlying their function. This level of study is necessary to understand how these molecules work and to engineer new functions and modulators of function. Stemming from a visionary commitment to this problem by Keith Moffat decades ago, a community of structural biologists has now enabled a set of x-ray scattering technologies for observing intramolecular dynamics in biological macromolecules at atomic resolution and over the broad range of timescales over which motions are functionally relevant. Many of these techniques are provided by BioCARS, a cutting-edge synchrotron radiation facility built under Moffat leadership and located at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. BioCARS enables experimental studies of molecular dynamics with time resolutions spanning from 100 ps to seconds and provides both time-resolved x-ray crystallography and small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Structural changes can be initiated by several methods-UV/Vis pumping with tunable picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses, substrate diffusion, and global perturbations, such as electric field and temperature jumps. Studies of dynamics typically involve subtle perturbations to molecular structures, requiring specialized computational techniques for data processing and interpretation. In this review, we present the challenges in experimental macromolecular dynamics and describe the current state of experimental capabilities at this facility. As Moffat imagined years ago, BioCARS is now positioned to catalyze the scientific community to make fundamental advances in understanding proteins and other complex biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Henning
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Irina Kosheleva
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Vukica Šrajer
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - In-Sik Kim
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Eric Zoellner
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Rama Ranganathan
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Nafaee ZH, Egyed V, Jancsó A, Tóth A, Gerami AM, Dang TT, Heiniger‐Schell J, Hemmingsen L, Hunyadi‐Gulyás É, Peintler G, Gyurcsik B. Revisiting the hydrolysis of ampicillin catalyzed by Temoneira-1 β-lactamase, and the effect of Ni(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4809. [PMID: 37853808 PMCID: PMC10661098 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactamases grant resistance to bacteria against β-lactam antibiotics. The active center of TEM-1 β-lactamase accommodates a Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys motif. TEM-1 β-lactamase is not a metalloenzyme but it possesses several putative metal ion binding sites. The sites composed of His residue pairs chelate borderline transition metal ions such as Ni(II). In addition, there are many sulfur-containing donor groups that can coordinate soft metal ions such as Hg(II). Cd(II) may bind to both types of the above listed donor groups. No significant change was observed in the circular dichroism spectra of TEM-1 β-lactamase on increasing the metal ion content of the samples, with the exception of Hg(II) inducing a small change in the secondary structure of the protein. A weak nonspecific binding of Hg(II) was proven by mass spectrometry and 119m Hg perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. The hydrolytic process of ampicillin catalyzed by TEM-1 β-lactamase was described by the kinetic analysis of the set of full catalytic progress curves, where the slow, yet observable conversion of the primary reaction product into a second one, identified as ampilloic acid by mass spectrometry, needed also to be considered in the applied model. Ni(II) and Cd(II) slightly promoted the catalytic activity of the enzyme while Hg(II) exerted a noticeable inhibitory effect. Hg(II) and Ni(II), applied at 10 μM concentration, inhibited the growth of E. coli BL21(DE3) in M9 minimal medium in the absence of ampicillin, but addition of the antibiotic could neutralize this toxic effect by complexing the metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad H. Nafaee
- Department of Molecular and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
- College of PharmacyUniversity of BabylonBabelIraq
| | - Viktória Egyed
- Department of Molecular and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department of Molecular and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Annamária Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Adeleh Mokhles Gerami
- School of Particles and AcceleratorsInstitute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)TehranIran
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Thanh Thien Dang
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Juliana Heiniger‐Schell
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)GenevaSwitzerland
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Éva Hunyadi‐Gulyás
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, Biological Research CentreHungarian Research Network (HUN‐REN)SzegedHungary
| | - Gábor Peintler
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Material SciencesUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department of Molecular and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
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Yan YH, Zhang TT, Li R, Wang SY, Wei LL, Wang XY, Zhu KR, Li SR, Liang GQ, Yang ZB, Yang LL, Qin S, Li GB. Discovery of 2-Aminothiazole-4-carboxylic Acids as Broad-Spectrum Metallo-β-lactamase Inhibitors by Mimicking Carbapenem Hydrolysate Binding. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13746-13767. [PMID: 37791640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are zinc-dependent enzymes capable of hydrolyzing all bicyclic β-lactam antibiotics, posing a great threat to public health. However, there are currently no clinically approved MBL inhibitors. Despite variations in their active sites, MBLs share a common catalytic mechanism with carbapenems, forming similar reaction species and hydrolysates. We here report the development of 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxylic acids (AtCs) as broad-spectrum MBL inhibitors by mimicking the anchor pharmacophore features of carbapenem hydrolysate binding. Several AtCs manifested potent activity against B1, B2, and B3 MBLs. Crystallographic analyses revealed a common binding mode of AtCs with B1, B2, and B3 MBLs, resembling binding observed in the MBL-carbapenem product complexes. AtCs restored Meropenem activity against MBL-producing isolates. In the murine sepsis model, AtCs exhibited favorable synergistic efficacy with Meropenem, along with acceptable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles. This work offers promising lead compounds and a structural basis for the development of potential drug candidates to combat MBL-mediated antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Si-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu-Liu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai-Rong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shan-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeng-Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Shangshang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Malla TN, Zielinski K, Aldama L, Bajt S, Feliz D, Hayes B, Hunter M, Kupitz C, Lisova S, Knoska J, Martin-Garcia JM, Mariani V, Pandey S, Poudyal I, Sierra RG, Tolstikova A, Yefanov O, Yoon CH, Ourmazd A, Fromme P, Schwander P, Barty A, Chapman HN, Stojkovic EA, Batyuk A, Boutet S, Phillips GN, Pollack L, Schmidt M. Heterogeneity in M. tuberculosis β-lactamase inhibition by Sulbactam. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5507. [PMID: 37679343 PMCID: PMC10485065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, researchers have elucidated essential enzymatic functions on the atomic length scale by tracing atomic positions in real-time. Our work builds on possibilities unleashed by mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC) at X-ray free electron laser facilities. In this approach, enzymatic reactions are triggered by mixing substrate or ligand solutions with enzyme microcrystals. Here, we report in atomic detail (between 2.2 and 2.7 Å resolution) by room-temperature, time-resolved crystallography with millisecond time-resolution (with timepoints between 3 ms and 700 ms) how the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme BlaC is inhibited by sulbactam (SUB). Our results reveal ligand binding heterogeneity, ligand gating, cooperativity, induced fit, and conformational selection all from the same set of MISC data, detailing how SUB approaches the catalytic clefts and binds to the enzyme noncovalently before reacting to a trans-enamine. This was made possible in part by the application of singular value decomposition to the MISC data using a program that remains functional even if unit cell parameters change up to 3 Å during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tek Narsingh Malla
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kara Zielinski
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luis Aldama
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sasa Bajt
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denisse Feliz
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brendon Hayes
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Mark Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Kupitz
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Stella Lisova
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Juraj Knoska
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jose Manuel Martin-Garcia
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Suraj Pandey
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ishwor Poudyal
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raymond G Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Oleksandr Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chung Hong Yoon
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Ourmazd
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, 20 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter Schwander
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anton Barty
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Data and Computing in Natural Science CDCS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry N Chapman
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emina A Stojkovic
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lois Pollack
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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9
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Ayipo YO, Chong CF, Mordi MN. Small-molecule inhibitors of bacterial-producing metallo-β-lactamases: insights into their resistance mechanisms and biochemical analyses of their activities. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1012-1048. [PMID: 37360393 PMCID: PMC10285742 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the major threats to the global healthcare system, which is associated with alarming morbidity and mortality rates. The defence mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics occur through several pathways including the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The carbapenemases, notably, New Delhi MBL (NDM), imipenemase (IMP), and Verona integron-encoded MBL (VIM), represent the critical MBLs implicated in AR pathogenesis and are responsible for the worst AR-related clinical conditions, but there are no approved inhibitors to date, which needs to be urgently addressed. Presently, the available antibiotics including the most active β-lactam-types are subjected to deactivation and degradation by the notorious superbug-produced enzymes. Progressively, scientists have devoted their efforts to curbing this global menace, and consequently a systematic overview on this topic can aid the timely development of effective therapeutics. In this review, diagnostic strategies for MBL strains and biochemical analyses of potent small-molecule inhibitors from experimental reports (2020-date) are overviewed. Notably, N1 and N2 from natural sources, S3-S7, S9 and S10 and S13-S16 from synthetic routes displayed the most potent broad-spectrum inhibition with ideal safety profiles. Their mechanisms of action include metal sequestration from and multi-dimensional binding to the MBL active pockets. Presently, some β-lactamase (BL)/MBL inhibitors have reached the clinical trial stage. This synopsis represents a model for future translational studies towards the discovery of effective therapeutics to overcome the challenges of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia USM 11800 Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University P. M. B., 1530, Malete Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Chien Fung Chong
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman 31900 Kampar Perak Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia USM 11800 Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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10
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Schmidt M. Biological function investigated by time-resolved structure determination. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:010901. [PMID: 36846099 PMCID: PMC9946696 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by recent progress in time-resolved x-ray crystallography and the adoption of time-resolution by cryo-electronmicroscopy, this article enumerates several approaches developed to become bigger/smaller, faster, and better to gain new insight into the molecular mechanisms of life. This is illustrated by examples where chemical and physical stimuli spawn biological responses on various length and time-scales, from fractions of Ångströms to micro-meters and from femtoseconds to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schmidt
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3135 North Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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