1
|
Sunitha Kumary VUN, Venters BJ, Raman K, Sen S, Estève PO, Cowles MW, Keogh MC, Pradhan S. Emerging Approaches to Profile Accessible Chromatin from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Sections. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:20. [PMID: 38804369 PMCID: PMC11130958 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleosomes are non-uniformly distributed across eukaryotic genomes, with stretches of 'open' chromatin strongly associated with transcriptionally active promoters and enhancers. Understanding chromatin accessibility patterns in normal tissue and how they are altered in pathologies can provide critical insights to development and disease. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, a variety of strategies have been devised to identify open regions across the genome, including DNase-seq, MNase-seq, FAIRE-seq, ATAC-seq, and NicE-seq. However, the broad application of such methods to FFPE (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded) tissues has been curtailed by the major technical challenges imposed by highly fixed and often damaged genomic material. Here, we review the most common approaches for mapping open chromatin regions, recent optimizations to overcome the challenges of working with FFPE tissue, and a brief overview of a typical data pipeline with analysis considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan J. Venters
- EpiCypher Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA; (V.U.N.S.K.); (B.J.V.); (M.W.C.)
| | - Karthikeyan Raman
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01983, USA; (K.R.); (S.S.); (P.-O.E.)
| | - Sagnik Sen
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01983, USA; (K.R.); (S.S.); (P.-O.E.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Estève
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01983, USA; (K.R.); (S.S.); (P.-O.E.)
| | - Martis W. Cowles
- EpiCypher Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA; (V.U.N.S.K.); (B.J.V.); (M.W.C.)
| | | | - Sriharsa Pradhan
- Genome Biology Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01983, USA; (K.R.); (S.S.); (P.-O.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González-Alvarez ME, Inyang I, Keating AF. Exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene impacts ovarian DNA damage sensing and repair proteins differently in lean and obese female mice and weight loss may mitigate obesity-induced ovarian dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116930. [PMID: 38626870 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity impairs oocyte quality, fertility, pregnancy maintenance, and is associated with offspring birth defects. The model ovotoxicant, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), causes ovarian DNA damage and follicle loss. Both DMBA-induced chemical biotransformation and the DNA damage response are partially attenuated in obese relative to lean female mice but whether weight loss could improve the DNA damage response to DMBA exposure has not been explored. Thus, at six weeks of age, C57BL/6 J female mice were divided in three groups: 1) Lean (L; n = 20) fed a chow diet for 12 weeks, 2) obese (O; n = 20) fed a high fat high sugar (HFHS) diet for 12 weeks and, 3) slim-down (S; n = 20). The S group was fed with HFHS diet for 7 weeks until attaining a higher body relative to L mice on week 7.5 and switched to a chow diet for 5 weeks to achieve weight loss. Mice then received either corn oil (CT) or DMBA (D; 1 mg/kg) for 7 d via intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/treatment). Obesity increased (P < 0.05) kidney and spleen weight, and DMBA decreased uterine weight (P < 0.05). Ovarian weight was reduced (P < 0.05) in S mice, but DMBA exposure increased ovary weight in the S mice. LC-MS/MS identified 18, 64, and 7 ovarian proteins as altered (P < 0.05) by DMBA in the L, S and O groups, respectively. In S and O mice, 24 and 8 proteins differed, respectively, from L mice. These findings support weight loss as a strategy to modulate the ovarian genotoxicant response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Imaobong Inyang
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bell CG. Epigenomic insights into common human disease pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:178. [PMID: 38602535 PMCID: PMC11008083 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The epigenome-the chemical modifications and chromatin-related packaging of the genome-enables the same genetic template to be activated or repressed in different cellular settings. This multi-layered mechanism facilitates cell-type specific function by setting the local sequence and 3D interactive activity level. Gene transcription is further modulated through the interplay with transcription factors and co-regulators. The human body requires this epigenomic apparatus to be precisely installed throughout development and then adequately maintained during the lifespan. The causal role of the epigenome in human pathology, beyond imprinting disorders and specific tumour suppressor genes, was further brought into the spotlight by large-scale sequencing projects identifying that mutations in epigenomic machinery genes could be critical drivers in both cancer and developmental disorders. Abrogation of this cellular mechanism is providing new molecular insights into pathogenesis. However, deciphering the full breadth and implications of these epigenomic changes remains challenging. Knowledge is accruing regarding disease mechanisms and clinical biomarkers, through pathogenically relevant and surrogate tissue analyses, respectively. Advances include consortia generated cell-type specific reference epigenomes, high-throughput DNA methylome association studies, as well as insights into ageing-related diseases from biological 'clocks' constructed by machine learning algorithms. Also, 3rd-generation sequencing is beginning to disentangle the complexity of genetic and DNA modification haplotypes. Cell-free DNA methylation as a cancer biomarker has clear clinical utility and further potential to assess organ damage across many disorders. Finally, molecular understanding of disease aetiology brings with it the opportunity for exact therapeutic alteration of the epigenome through CRISPR-activation or inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Candela-Ferre J, Diego-Martin B, Pérez-Alemany J, Gallego-Bartolomé J. Mind the gap: Epigenetic regulation of chromatin accessibility in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1998-2016. [PMID: 38236303 PMCID: PMC10980423 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chromatin plays a crucial role in genome compaction and is fundamental for regulating multiple nuclear processes. Nucleosomes, the basic building blocks of chromatin, are central in regulating these processes, determining chromatin accessibility by limiting access to DNA for various proteins and acting as important signaling hubs. The association of histones with DNA in nucleosomes and the folding of chromatin into higher-order structures are strongly influenced by a variety of epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone variants, and histone post-translational modifications. Additionally, a wide array of chaperones and ATP-dependent remodelers regulate various aspects of nucleosome biology, including assembly, deposition, and positioning. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of how nucleosomes and chromatin organization are regulated by epigenetic marks and remodelers in plants. Furthermore, we present current technologies for profiling chromatin accessibility and organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Candela-Ferre
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022Spain
| | - Borja Diego-Martin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022Spain
| | - Jaime Pérez-Alemany
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022Spain
| | - Javier Gallego-Bartolomé
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen P, Li G, Li W. Nucleosome Dynamics Derived at the Single-Molecule Level Bridges Its Structures and Functions. JACS AU 2024; 4:866-876. [PMID: 38559720 PMCID: PMC10976579 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nucleosome, the building block of chromatin, plays pivotal roles in all DNA-related processes. While cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has significantly advanced our understanding of nucleosome structures, the emerging field of single-molecule force spectroscopy is illuminating their dynamic properties. This technique is crucial for revealing how nucleosome behavior is influenced by chaperones, remodelers, histone variants, and post-translational modifications, particularly in their folding and unfolding mechanisms under tension. Such insights are vital for deciphering the complex interplay in nucleosome assembly and structural regulation, highlighting the nucleosome's versatility in response to DNA activities. In this Perspective, we aim to consolidate the latest advancements in nucleosome dynamics, with a special focus on the revelations brought forth by single-molecule manipulation. Our objective is to highlight the insights gained from studying nucleosome dynamics through this innovative approach, emphasizing the transformative impact of single-molecule manipulation techniques in the field of chromatin research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation
and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- Department
of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory
for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Guohong Li
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation
and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation
and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang C, Liang S, Zhang H, Wang R, Qiao H. Epigenetic regulation of mRNA mediates the phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells during metastasis and therapeutic resistance (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:28. [PMID: 38131215 PMCID: PMC10777459 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity, the ability of cancer cells to transition between differentiation states without genomic alterations, has been recognized as a major source of intratumoral heterogeneity. It has a crucial role in cancer metastasis and treatment resistance. Thus, targeting plasticity holds tremendous promise. However, the molecular mechanisms of plasticity in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Several studies found that mRNA, which acts as a bridge linking the genetic information of DNA and protein, has an important role in translating genotypes into phenotypes. The present review provided an overview of the regulation of cancer cell plasticity occurring via changes in the transcription and editing of mRNAs. The role of the transcriptional regulation of mRNA in cancer cell plasticity was discussed, including DNA‑binding transcriptional factors, DNA methylation, histone modifications and enhancers. Furthermore, the role of mRNA editing in cancer cell plasticity was debated, including mRNA splicing and mRNA modification. In addition, the role of non‑coding (nc)RNAs in cancer plasticity was expounded, including microRNAs, long intergenic ncRNAs and circular RNAs. Finally, different strategies for targeting cancer cell plasticity to overcome metastasis and therapeutic resistance in cancer were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Liang
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hanning Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300270, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Sophomore, Farragut School #3 of Yangtai Road, Tianjin 300042, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng Y, Song W, Teif VB, Ovcharenko I, Landsman D, Panchenko AR. Detection of new pioneer transcription factors as cell-type-specific nucleosome binders. eLife 2024; 12:RP88936. [PMID: 38293962 PMCID: PMC10945518 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Wrapping of DNA into nucleosomes restricts accessibility to DNA and may affect the recognition of binding motifs by transcription factors. A certain class of transcription factors, the pioneer transcription factors, can specifically recognize their DNA binding sites on nucleosomes, initiate local chromatin opening, and facilitate the binding of co-factors in a cell-type-specific manner. For the majority of human pioneer transcription factors, the locations of their binding sites, mechanisms of binding, and regulation remain unknown. We have developed a computational method to predict the cell-type-specific ability of transcription factors to bind nucleosomes by integrating ChIP-seq, MNase-seq, and DNase-seq data with details of nucleosome structure. We have demonstrated the ability of our approach in discriminating pioneer from canonical transcription factors and predicted new potential pioneer transcription factors in H1, K562, HepG2, and HeLa-S3 cell lines. Last, we systematically analyzed the interaction modes between various pioneer transcription factors and detected several clusters of distinctive binding sites on nucleosomal DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Peng
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Wei Song
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Vladimir B Teif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe ParkColchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivan Ovcharenko
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - David Landsman
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Anna R Panchenko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
- Department of Biology and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
- School of Computing, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
- Ontario Institute of Cancer ResearchTorontoCanada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin X, Zhang B. Explicit ion modeling predicts physicochemical interactions for chromatin organization. eLife 2024; 12:RP90073. [PMID: 38289342 PMCID: PMC10945522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that dictate chromatin organization in vivo are under active investigation, and the extent to which intrinsic interactions contribute to this process remains debatable. A central quantity for evaluating their contribution is the strength of nucleosome-nucleosome binding, which previous experiments have estimated to range from 2 to 14 kBT. We introduce an explicit ion model to dramatically enhance the accuracy of residue-level coarse-grained modeling approaches across a wide range of ionic concentrations. This model allows for de novo predictions of chromatin organization and remains computationally efficient, enabling large-scale conformational sampling for free energy calculations. It reproduces the energetics of protein-DNA binding and unwinding of single nucleosomal DNA, and resolves the differential impact of mono- and divalent ions on chromatin conformations. Moreover, we showed that the model can reconcile various experiments on quantifying nucleosomal interactions, providing an explanation for the large discrepancy between existing estimations. We predict the interaction strength at physiological conditions to be 9 kBT, a value that is nonetheless sensitive to DNA linker length and the presence of linker histones. Our study strongly supports the contribution of physicochemical interactions to the phase behavior of chromatin aggregates and chromatin organization inside the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin X, Zhang B. Explicit Ion Modeling Predicts Physicochemical Interactions for Chromatin Organization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.541030. [PMID: 37293007 PMCID: PMC10245791 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.541030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that dictate chromatin organization in vivo are under active investigation, and the extent to which intrinsic interactions contribute to this process remains debatable. A central quantity for evaluating their contribution is the strength of nucleosome-nucleosome binding, which previous experiments have estimated to range from 2 to 14 kBT. We introduce an explicit ion model to dramatically enhance the accuracy of residue-level coarse-grained modeling approaches across a wide range of ionic concentrations. This model allows for de novo predictions of chromatin organization and remains computationally efficient, enabling large-scale conformational sampling for free energy calculations. It reproduces the energetics of protein-DNA binding and unwinding of single nucleosomal DNA, and resolves the differential impact of mono and divalent ions on chromatin conformations. Moreover, we showed that the model can reconcile various experiments on quantifying nucleosomal interactions, providing an explanation for the large discrepancy between existing estimations. We predict the interaction strength at physiological conditions to be 9 kBT, a value that is nonetheless sensitive to DNA linker length and the presence of linker histones. Our study strongly supports the contribution of physicochemical interactions to the phase behavior of chromatin aggregates and chromatin organization inside the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nesovic Ostojic J, Zivotic M, Kovacevic S, Ivanov M, Brkic P, Mihailovic-Stanojevic N, Karanovic D, Vajic UJ, Miloradovic Z, Jovovic D, Radojevic Skodric S. Immunohistochemical Pattern of Histone H2A Variant Expression in an Experimental Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098085. [PMID: 37175793 PMCID: PMC10179385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequent cause of AKI, resulting in vasoconstriction, cellular dysfunction, inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. DNA damage, including physical DNA strand breaks, is also a potential consequence of renal IRI. The histone H2A variants, primary H2AX and H2AZ participate in DNA damage response pathways to promote genome stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern of histone H2A variants' (H2AX, γH2AX(S139), H2AXY142ph and H2AZ) expression in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Comparing the immunohistochemical nuclear expression of γH2AX(S139) and H2AXY142ph in AKI, we observed that there is an inverse ratio of these two histone H2AX variants. If we follow different regions from the subcapsular structures to the medulla, there is an increasing extent gradient in the nuclear expression of H2AXY142ph, accompanied by a decreasing nuclear expression of γH2AX. In addition, we observed that different structures dominated when γH2AX and H2AXY142ph expression levels were compared. γH2AX was expressed only in the proximal tubule, with the exception of when they were dilated. In the medulla, H2AXY142ph is predominantly expressed in the loop of Henle and the collecting ducts. Our results show moderate sporadic nuclear H2AZ expression mainly in the cells of the distal tubules and the collecting ducts that were surrounded by dilated tubules with PAS (periodic acid-Schiff stain)-positive casts. These findings may indicate the degree of DNA damage, followed by postischemic AKI, with potential clinical and prognostic implications regarding this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Nesovic Ostojic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivotic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanjin Kovacevic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Ivanov
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Brkic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Mihailovic-Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Karanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Una Jovana Vajic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Miloradovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdjica Jovovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|