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Qiu R, Zhou Y, Mao J. Brassinosteroid Signaling Dynamics: Ubiquitination-Dependent Regulation of Core Signaling Components. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4502. [PMID: 40429648 PMCID: PMC12111011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2025] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential phytohormones that orchestrate various stages of plant growth and development. The BR signaling cascade is mediated through a phosphorylation network involving sequential activation of the plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase Brassinosteroid-Insensitive 1 (BRI1), the cytoplasmic kinase Brassinosteroid-Insensitive 2 (BIN2), and the transcription factors BRI1-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole-Resistant 1 (BZR1). These transcription factors activate thousands of nuclear genes. Recent evidence highlights that ubiquitination has emerged as an equally pivotal mechanism that dynamically controls the BR signaling pathway by modulating the activity, subcellular localization, and protein stability of these core signaling components. In this review, we systematically analyze the central role of ubiquitination in determining the function, localization, and degradation of these proteins to fine-tune the outputs of BR signaling. We provide comparative perspectives on the functional conservation and divergence of ubiquitin-related regulatory components in the model plant Arabidopsis versus other plant species. Furthermore, we critically evaluate current knowledge gaps in the ubiquitin-mediated spatiotemporal control of BR signaling, offering insights into potential research directions to elucidate this sophisticated regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riguang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.Q.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.Q.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.Q.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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2
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Wang L, Xu M, Shao Y, Zhang G, Ran Y, Lu H, Ma J, Jiang J, Chen X, Yan X, Shou J, Wang C. Clathrin-mediated trafficking regulates copper tolerance by modulating the localization of HEAVY METAL ATPase 5 in Arabidopsis root cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 198:kiaf183. [PMID: 40343946 PMCID: PMC12089983 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaf183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
Plant clathrin and its adaptor protein complexes-adaptor protein complex-1 (AP-1) at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and the adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) at the plasma membrane (PM)-function in clathrin-mediated trafficking (CMT). This study reports the role of CMT in regulating copper (Cu) tolerance in plants. We found that high concentrations of exogenous Cu treatment increase the abundance of clathrin and adaptor protein complexes at the TGN/EE and/or the PM. We further found that a CMT-deficient mutant ap2μ2, clc2 clc3 exhibits hypersensitivity to Cu stress, similar to a mutant lacking the Cu transporter HEAVY METAL ATPase 5 (HMA5). As previously reported, HMA5 relocates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the PM on the soil side, where it excretes excess Cu from the root cell, which is crucial for Cu tolerance. Our protein interaction assays showed that the AP-1 and AP-2 σ subunits depend on the YXXΦ sorting motif of HMA5 for recognition. Defective AP-1 hinders HMA5 translocation to the PM after its transfer from the ER to the TGN/EE following Cu stress, while impaired AP-2 function inhibits HMA5 endocytosis at the PM. These results demonstrate that CMT mediates the endocytic recycling of HMA5 between the TGN/EE and the PM, thereby regulating Cu efflux from root cells. Our findings highlight a function of CMT in maintaining Cu homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufan Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Mei Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yonghua Shao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yuling Ran
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Hongqian Lu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xifeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianxin Shou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
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3
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Zheng S, Noack LC, Khammy O, De Meyer A, Khan GA, De Winne N, Eeckhout D, Van Damme D, Persson S. Pupylation-based proximity labeling reveals regulatory factors in cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2025; 16:872. [PMID: 39833163 PMCID: PMC11747095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about how and where proteins interact provides a pillar for cell biology. Protein proximity-labeling has emerged as an important tool to detect protein interactions. Biotin-related proximity labeling approaches are by far the most commonly used but may have labeling-related drawbacks. Here, we use pupylation-based proximity labeling (PUP-IT) as a tool for protein interaction detection in plants. We show that PUP-IT readily confirmed protein interactions for several known protein complexes across different types of plant hosts and that the approach increased detection of specific interactions as compared to biotin-based proximity labeling systems. To further demonstrate the power of PUP-IT, we used the system to identify protein interactions of the protein complex that underpin cellulose synthesis in plants. Apart from known complex components, we identified the ARF-GEF BEN1 (BFA-VISUALIZED ENDOCYTIC TRAFFICKING DEFECTIVE1). We show that BEN1 contributes to cellulose synthesis by regulating both clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis of the cellulose synthesis protein complex from the plasma membrane. Our results highlight PUP-IT as a powerful proximity labeling system to identify protein interactions in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zheng
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ouda Khammy
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences & Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Nancy De Winne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Hasegawa Y, Luo Y, Sato T. Recent Advances in Ubiquitin Signals Regulating Plant Membrane Trafficking. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1907-1924. [PMID: 39446594 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification involving the attachment of ubiquitin, a 76-amino acid protein conserved among eukaryotes. The protein 'ubiquitin' was named after it was found to be ubiquitously expressed in cells. Ubiquitination was first identified as a post-translational modification that mediates energy-consuming protein degradation by the proteasome. After half a century, the manifold functions of ubiquitin are widely recognized to play key roles in diverse molecular pathways and physiological processes. Compared to humans, the number of enzymes related to ubiquitination is almost twice as high in plant species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, suggesting that this modification plays a critical role in many aspects of plant physiology including development and environmental stress responses. Here, we summarize and discuss recent knowledge of ubiquitination focusing on the regulation of membrane trafficking in plants. Ubiquitination of plasma membrane-localized proteins often leads to endocytosis and vacuolar targeting. In addition to cargo proteins, ubiquitination of membrane trafficking regulators regulates the morphodynamics of the endomembrane system. Thus, throughout this review, we focus on the physiological responses regulated by ubiquitination and their underlying mechanisms to clarify what is already known and what would be interesting to investigate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hasegawa
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
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5
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Isono E, Li J, Pulido P, Siao W, Spoel SH, Wang Z, Zhuang X, Trujillo M. Protein degrons and degradation: Exploring substrate recognition and pathway selection in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3074-3098. [PMID: 38701343 PMCID: PMC11371205 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Proteome composition is dynamic and influenced by many internal and external cues, including developmental signals, light availability, or environmental stresses. Protein degradation, in synergy with protein biosynthesis, allows cells to respond to various stimuli and adapt by reshaping the proteome. Protein degradation mediates the final and irreversible disassembly of proteins, which is important for protein quality control and to eliminate misfolded or damaged proteins, as well as entire organelles. Consequently, it contributes to cell resilience by buffering against protein or organellar damage caused by stresses. Moreover, protein degradation plays important roles in cell signaling, as well as transcriptional and translational events. The intricate task of recognizing specific proteins for degradation is achieved by specialized systems that are tailored to the substrate's physicochemical properties and subcellular localization. These systems recognize diverse substrate cues collectively referred to as "degrons," which can assume a range of configurations. They are molecular surfaces recognized by E3 ligases of the ubiquitin-proteasome system but can also be considered as general features recognized by other degradation systems, including autophagy or even organellar proteases. Here we provide an overview of the newest developments in the field, delving into the intricate processes of protein recognition and elucidating the pathways through which they are recruited for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Siao
- Department of Biology, Aachen RWTH University, Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Zhishuo Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Aachen RWTH University, Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Johnson A. Mechanistic divergences of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicle formation in mammals, yeasts and plants. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261847. [PMID: 39161994 PMCID: PMC11361644 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), generated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), are essential eukaryotic trafficking organelles that transport extracellular and plasma membrane-bound materials into the cell. In this Review, we explore mechanisms of CME in mammals, yeasts and plants, and highlight recent advances in the characterization of endocytosis in plants. Plants separated from mammals and yeast over 1.5 billion years ago, and plant cells have distinct biophysical parameters that can influence CME, such as extreme turgor pressure. Plants can therefore provide a wider perspective on fundamental processes in eukaryotic cells. We compare key mechanisms that drive CCV formation and explore what these mechanisms might reveal about the core principles of endocytosis across the tree of life. Fascinatingly, CME in plants appears to more closely resemble that in mammalian cells than that in yeasts, despite plants being evolutionarily further from mammals than yeast. Endocytic initiation appears to be highly conserved across these three systems, requiring similar protein domains and regulatory processes. Clathrin coat proteins and their honeycomb lattice structures are also highly conserved. However, major differences are found in membrane-bending mechanisms. Unlike in mammals or yeast, plant endocytosis occurs independently of actin, highlighting that mechanistic assumptions about CME across different systems should be made with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Johnson
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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7
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Kraus M, Pleskot R, Van Damme D. Structural and Evolutionary Aspects of Plant Endocytosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:521-550. [PMID: 38237062 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070122-023455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential eukaryotic process that maintains the homeostasis of the plasma membrane proteome by vesicle-mediated internalization. Its predominant mode of operation utilizes the polymerization of the scaffold protein clathrin forming a coat around the vesicle; therefore, it is termed clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Throughout evolution, the machinery that mediates CME is marked by losses, multiplications, and innovations. CME employs a limited number of conserved structural domains and folds, whose assembly and connections are species dependent. In plants, many of the domains are grouped into an ancient multimeric complex, the TPLATE complex, which occupies a central position as an interaction hub for the endocytic machinery. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the structural aspects of plant CME, and we draw comparisons to other model systems. To do so, we have taken advantage of recent developments with respect to artificial intelligence-based protein structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kraus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; ,
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; ,
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Adamowski M, Randuch M, Matijević I, Narasimhan M, Friml J. SH3Ps recruit auxilin-like vesicle uncoating factors for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114195. [PMID: 38717900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an essential process of cargo uptake operating in all eukaryotes. In animals and yeast, BAR-SH3 domain proteins, endophilins and amphiphysins, function at the conclusion of CME to recruit factors for vesicle scission and uncoating. Arabidopsis thaliana contains the BAR-SH3 domain proteins SH3P1-SH3P3, but their role is poorly understood. Here, we identify SH3Ps as functional homologs of endophilin/amphiphysin. SH3P1-SH3P3 bind to discrete foci at the plasma membrane (PM), and SH3P2 recruits late to a subset of clathrin-coated pits. The SH3P2 PM recruitment pattern is nearly identical to its interactor, a putative uncoating factor, AUXILIN-LIKE1. Notably, SH3P1-SH3P3 are required for most of AUXILIN-LIKE1 recruitment to the PM. This indicates a plant-specific modification of CME, where BAR-SH3 proteins recruit auxilin-like uncoating factors rather than the uncoating phosphatases, synaptojanins. SH3P1-SH3P3 act redundantly in overall CME with the plant-specific endocytic adaptor TPLATE complex but not due to an SH3 domain in its TASH3 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciek Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Marek Randuch
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ivana Matijević
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Madhumitha Narasimhan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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9
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Dragwidge JM, Wang Y, Brocard L, De Meyer A, Hudeček R, Eeckhout D, Grones P, Buridan M, Chambaud C, Pejchar P, Potocký M, Winkler J, Vandorpe M, Serre N, Fendrych M, Bernard A, De Jaeger G, Pleskot R, Fang X, Van Damme D. Biomolecular condensation orchestrates clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:438-449. [PMID: 38347182 PMCID: PMC7615741 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential cellular internalization pathway involving the dynamic assembly of clathrin and accessory proteins to form membrane-bound vesicles. The evolutionarily ancient TSET-TPLATE complex (TPC) plays an essential, but ill-defined role in endocytosis in plants. Here we show that two highly disordered TPC subunits, AtEH1 and AtEH2, function as scaffolds to drive biomolecular condensation of the complex. These condensates specifically nucleate on the plasma membrane through interactions with anionic phospholipids, and facilitate the dynamic recruitment and assembly of clathrin, as well as early- and late-stage endocytic accessory proteins. Importantly, condensation promotes ordered clathrin assemblies. TPC-driven biomolecular condensation thereby facilitates dynamic protein assemblies throughout clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, we show that a disordered region of AtEH1 controls the material properties of endocytic condensates in vivo. Alteration of these material properties disturbs the recruitment of accessory proteins, influences endocytosis dynamics and impairs plant responsiveness. Our findings reveal how collective interactions shape endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yanning Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Hudeček
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Grones
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Buridan
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clément Chambaud
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Winkler
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michaël Vandorpe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nelson Serre
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amelie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
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10
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Vetal PV, Poirier Y. The Arabidopsis PHOSPHATE 1 exporter undergoes constitutive internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1477-1491. [PMID: 37638714 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYInorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and depends on the transport of Pi across cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PHOSPHATE 1 (PHO1) is present in the root pericycle and xylem parenchyma where it exports Pi into the xylem apoplast for its transfer to shoots. PHO1 consists of a cytosolic SPX domain followed by membrane‐spanning α‐helices and ends with the EXS domain, which participates in the steady‐state localization of PHO1 to the Golgi and trans‐Golgi network (TGN). However, PHO1 exports Pi across the plasma membrane (PM), making its localization difficult to reconcile with its function. To investigate whether PHO1 transiently associates with the PM, we inhibited clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) by overexpressing AUXILIN‐LIKE 2 or HUB1. Inhibiting CME resulted in PHO1 re‐localization from the Golgi/TGN to the PM when PHO1 was expressed in Arabidopsis root pericycle or epidermis or Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. A fusion protein between the PHO1 EXS region and GFP was stabilized at the PM by CME inhibition, indicating that the EXS domain plays an important role in sorting PHO1 to/from the PM. PHO1 internalization from the PM occurred independently of AP2 and was not influenced by Pi deficiency, the ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 PHO2, or the potential ubiquitination of cytosolic lysines in the EXS domain. PM‐stabilized PHO1 showed reduced root‐to‐shoot Pi export activity, indicating that CME of PHO1 may be important for its optimal Pi export activity and plant Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi V Vetal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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De Meyer A, Grones P, Van Damme D. How will I recognize you? Insights into endocytic cargo recognition in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102429. [PMID: 37523901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) houses a wide variety of proteins, facilitating interactions between the cell and its surroundings. Perception of external stimuli leads to selective internalization of membrane proteins via endocytosis. A multitude of endocytic signals affect protein internalization; however, their coordination and the exact mechanism of their recognition still remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date knowledge of different internalization signals in PM cargo proteins and their involvement during protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Grones
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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McFarlane HE. Open questions in plant cell wall synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad110. [PMID: 36961357 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells are surrounded by strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based cell walls that support the cell while also allowing growth by cell expansion. Plant cell wall research has advanced tremendously in recent years. Sequenced genomes of many model and crop plants have facilitated cataloging and characterization of many enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. Structural information has been generated for several important cell wall synthesizing enzymes. Important tools have been developed including antibodies raised against a variety of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins, collections of enzyme clones and synthetic glycan arrays for characterizing enzymes, herbicides that specifically affect cell wall synthesis, live-cell imaging probes to track cell wall synthesis, and an inducible secondary cell wall synthesis system. Despite these advances, and often because of the new information they provide, many open questions about plant cell wall polysaccharide synthesis persist. This article highlights some of the key questions that remain open, reviews the data supporting different hypotheses that address these questions, and discusses technological developments that may answer these questions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
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