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Xu H, Liu S, Li Z, Ding F, Liu J, Wang W, Song K, Liu T, Hu L. Synergistic effect of Ti 3C 2T x MXene/PAN nanofiber and LLZTO particles on high-performance PEO-based solid electrolyte for lithium metal battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:634-645. [PMID: 38696991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been considered the most promising separators for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) due to their ease of processing and low cost. However, the practical applications of SPEs in ASSLMBs are limited by their low ionic conductivities and mechanical strength. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected MXene (Ti3C2Tx) network and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) particles synergistically reinforced polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based SPE, where the association of Li+ with ether-oxygen in PEO could be significantly weakened through the Lewis acid-base interactions between the electron-absorbing group (Ti-F, -O-) of Ti3C2Tx and Li+. Besides, the TFSI- in lithium salts could be immobilized by hydrogen bonds from the Ti-OH of Ti3C2Tx. The 3D interconnected Ti3C2Tx network not only alleviated the agglomeration of inorganic fillers (LLZTO), but also improved the mechanical strength of composite solid electrolyte (CSE). Consequently, the assembled Li||CSE||Li symmetric battery showed excellent cycling stability at 35 ℃ (stable cycling over 3000 h at 0.1 mA cm-2, 0.1 mAh cm-2) and -2 ℃ (stable cycling over 2500 h at 0.05 mA cm-2, 0.05 mAh cm-2). Impressively, the LiFePO4||CSE||Li battery showed a high discharge capacity of 145.3 mAh/g at 0.3 C after 300 cycles at 35 ℃. This rational structural design provided a new strategy for the preparation of high-performance solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China.
| | - Zhiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Fan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Kaikai Song
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Yao M, Wang T, Wu H, Zhang Y. A 3D Hierarchical Host with Gradient-Distributed Dielectric Properties toward Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403399. [PMID: 38483103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The conventional conductive three-dimensional (3D) host fails to effectively stabilize lithium metal anodes (LMAs) due to the internal incongruity arising from nonuniform lithium-ion gradient and uniform electric fields. This results in undesirable Li "top-growth" behavior and dendritic Li growth, significantly impeding the practical application of LMAs. Herein, we construct a 3D hierarchical host with gradient-distributed dielectric properties (GDD-CH) that effectively regulate Li-ion diffusion and deposition behavior. It comprises a 3D carbon fiber host modified by layer-by-layer bottom-up attenuating Sb particles, which could promote Li-ion homogeneously distribution and reduce ion concentration gradient via unique gradient dielectric polarization. Sb transforms into superionic conductive Li3Sb alloy during cycling, facilitating Li-ion dredging and pumps towards the bottom, dominating a bottom-up deposition regime confirmed by COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and physicochemical characterizations. Consequently, a stable cycling performance of symmetrical cells over 2000 h under a high current density of 10 mA cm-2 is achieved. The GDD-CH-based lithium metal battery shows remarkable cycling stability and ultra-high energy density of 378 Wh kg-1 with a low N/P ratio (1.51). This strategy of dielectric gradient design broadens the perspective for regulating the Li deposition mechanism and paves the way for developing high-energy-density lithium metal anodes with long durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Tuan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
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3
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Tan S, Kuai D, Yu Z, Perez-Beltran S, Rahman MM, Xia K, Wang N, Chen Y, Yang XQ, Xiao J, Liu J, Cui Y, Bao Z, Balbuena PB, Hu E. Evolution and Interplay of Lithium Metal Interphase Components Revealed by Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11711-11718. [PMID: 38632847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMB) have high energy densities and are crucial for clean energy solutions. The characterization of the lithium metal interphase is fundamentally and practically important but technically challenging. Taking advantage of synchrotron X-ray, which has the unique capability of analyzing crystalline/amorphous phases quantitatively with statistical significance, we study the composition and dynamics of the LMB interphase for a newly developed important LMB electrolyte that is based on fluorinated ether. Pair distribution function analysis revealed the sequential roles of the anion and solvent in interphase formation during cycling. The relative ratio between Li2O and LiF first increases and then decreases during cycling, suggesting suppressed Li2O formation in both initial and long extended cycles. Theoretical studies revealed that in initial cycles, this is due to the energy barriers in many-electron transfer. In long extended cycles, the anion decomposition product Li2O encourages solvent decomposition by facilitating solvent adsorption on Li2O which is followed by concurrent depletion of both. This work highlights the important role of Li2O in transitioning from an anion-derived interphase to a solvent-derived one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dacheng Kuai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Saul Perez-Beltran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | - Kangxuan Xia
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jie Xiao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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4
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Yang B, Deng C, Chen N, Zhang F, Hu K, Gui B, Zhao L, Wu F, Chen R. Super-Ionic Conductor Soft Filler Promotes Li + Transport in Integrated Cathode-Electrolyte for Solid-State Battery at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403078. [PMID: 38583072 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Composite polymer solid electrolytes (CPEs), possessing good rigid flexible, are expected to be used in solid-state lithium-metal batteries. The integration of fillers into polymer matrices emerges as a dominant strategy to improve Li+ transport and form a Li+-conducting electrode-electrolyte interface. However, challenges arise as traditional fillers: 1) inorganic fillers, characterized by high interfacial energy, induce agglomeration; 2) organic fillers, with elevated crystallinity, impede intrinsic ionic conductivity, both severely hindering Li+ migration. Here, a concept of super-ionic conductor soft filler, utilizing a Li+ conductivity nanocellulose (Li-NC) as a model, is introduced which exhibits super-ionic conductivity. Li-NC anchors anions, and enhances Li+ transport speed, and assists in the integration of cathode-electrolyte electrodes for room temperature solid-state batteries. The tough dual-channel Li+ transport electrolyte (TDCT) with Li-NC and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) demonstrates a high Li+ transfer number (0.79) due to the synergistic coordination mechanism in Li+ transport. Integrated electrodes' design enables stable performance in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2|Li cells, with 720 cycles at 0.5 C, and 88.8% capacity retention. Furthermore, the lifespan of Li|TDCT|Li cells over 4000 h and Li-rich Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2|Li cells exhibits excellent performance, proving the practical application potential of soft filler for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenglong Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Boshun Gui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
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5
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Xie C, Zhao C, Jeong H, Liu Q, Li T, Xu W, Cheng L, Xu GL, Amine K, Chen G. Regulating Li Nucleation and Growth Heterogeneities via Near-Surface Lithium-Ion Irrigation for Stable Anode-Less Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306868. [PMID: 37946620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhomogeneous nucleation and growth of Li dendrite combined with the spontaneous side reactions with the electrolytes dramatically challenge the stability and safety of Li metal anode (LMA). Despite tremendous endeavors, current success relies on the use of significant excess of Li to compensate the loss of active Li during cycling. Herein, a near-surface Li+ irrigation strategy is developed to regulate the inhomogeneous Li deposition behavior and suppress the consequent side reactions under limited Li excess condition. The conformal polypyrrole (PPy) coating layer on Cu surface via oxidative chemical vapor deposition technique can induce the migration of Li+ to the interregional space between PPy and Cu, creating a near-surface Li+-rich region to smooth diffusion of ion flux and uniform the deposition. Moreover, as evidenced by multiscale characterizations including synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction scanning, a robust N-rich solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) is formed on the PPy skeleton to effectively suppress the undesired SEI formation/dissolution process. Strikingly, stable Li metal cycling performance under a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm-2 at 2.0 mA cm-2 with merely 0.5 × Li excess is achieved. The findings not only resolve the long-standing poor LMA stability/safety issues, but also deepen the mechanism understanding of Li deposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Heonjae Jeong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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6
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Rahman MM, Tan S, Yang Y, Zhong H, Ghose S, Waluyo I, Hunt A, Ma L, Yang XQ, Hu E. An inorganic-rich but LiF-free interphase for fast charging and long cycle life lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8414. [PMID: 38110406 PMCID: PMC10728193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Li metal batteries using Li metal as negative electrode and LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 as positive electrode represent the next generation high-energy batteries. A major challenge facing these batteries is finding electrolytes capable of forming good interphases. Conventionally, electrolyte is fluorinated to generate anion-derived LiF-rich interphases. However, their low ionic conductivities forbid fast-charging. Here, we use CsNO3 as a dual-functional additive to form stable interphases on both electrodes. Such strategy allows the use of 1,2-dimethoxyethane as the single solvent, promising superior ion transport and fast charging. LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 is protected by the nitrate-derived species. On the Li metal side, large Cs+ has weak interactions with the solvent, leading to presence of anions in the solvation sheath and an anion-derived interphase. The interphase is surprisingly dominated by cesium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, a component not reported before. Its presence suggests that Cs+ is doing more than just electrostatic shielding as commonly believed. The interphase is free of LiF but still promises high performance as cells with high LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 loading (21 mg/cm2) and low N/P ratio (~2) can be cycled at 2C (~8 mA/cm2) with above 80% capacity retention after 200 cycles. These results suggest the role of LiF and Cs-containing additives need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Joint Photon Sciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11970, USA
| | - Sanjit Ghose
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Adrian Hunt
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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7
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Li M, An H, Song Y, Liu Q, Wang J, Huo H, Lou S, Wang J. Ion-Dipole-Interaction-Induced Encapsulation of Free Residual Solvent for Long-Cycle Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25632-25642. [PMID: 37943571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for solid-state lithium batteries, but highly reactive residual solvents severely plague cycling stability. Herein, we report a free-solvent-capturing strategy triggered by reinforced ion-dipole interactions between Li+ and residual solvent molecules. Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) salt additive with electron-withdrawing capability serves as a redistributor of the Li+ electropositive state, which offers more binding sites for residual solvents. Benefiting from the modified coordination environment, the kinetically stable anion-derived interphases are preferentially formed, effectively mitigating the interfacial side reactions between the electrodes and electrolytes. As a result, the assembled solid-state battery shows a lifetime of over 2000 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% and capacity retention of 80%. Our discovery sheds fresh light on the targeted regulation of the reactive residual solvent to extend the cycle life of solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Hanwen An
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Yajie Song
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Hua Huo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuaifeng Lou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 401135, China
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