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Qin Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Li R, Jiang C, Wan Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Guo B, Wang D. Binding FSI - to Construct a Self-Healing SEI Film for Li-Metal Batteries by In situ Crosslinking Vinyl Ionic Liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402456. [PMID: 38415324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) membrane on the Li metal anode tends to breakdown and undergo reconstruction during operation, causing Li metal batteries to experience accelerated decay. Notably, an SEI membrane with self-healing characteristics can help considerably in stabilizing the Li-electrolyte interface; however, uniformly fixing the repairing agent onto the anode remains a challenging task. By leveraging the noteworthy film-forming attributes of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-) anions and the photopolymerization property of the vinyl group, the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (VMI-FSI) was crosslinked with polyethylene oxide (PEO) in this study to form a self-healing film fixing FSI- groups as the repairing agent. When they encounter lithium metal, the FSI- groups are chemically decomposed into LiF & Li3N, which assist forming SEI membrane on lithium sheet and repairing SEI membrane in the cracks lacerated by lithium dendrite. Furthermore, the FSI- anions exchanged from film are electrochemically decomposed to generate inorganic salts to strengthen the SEI membrane. Benefiting from the self-healing behavior of the film, Li/LiCoO2 cells with the loading of 16.3 mg cm-2 exhibit the initial discharge capacities of 183.0 mAh ⋅ g-1 and are stably operated for 500 cycles with the retention rates of 81.4 % and the average coulombic efficiency of 99.97 %, operated between 3.0-4.5 V vs. Li+/Li. This study presents a new design approach for self-healing Li metal anodes and durable lithium metal battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenlian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Bingkun Guo
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Zhu X, Liu M, Bu F, Yue XY, Fei X, Zhou YN, Ju A, Yang J, Qiu P, Xiao Q, Lin C, Jiang W, Wang L, Li X, Luo W. Ordered mesoporous nanofibers mimicking vascular bundles for lithium metal batteries. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae081. [PMID: 38577675 PMCID: PMC10989666 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly with long-range order above centimeters widely exists in nature. Mimicking similar structures to promote reaction kinetics of electrochemical energy devices is of immense interest, yet remains challenging. Here, we report a bottom-up self-assembly approach to constructing ordered mesoporous nanofibers with a structure resembling vascular bundles via electrospinning. The synthesis involves self-assembling polystyrene (PS) homopolymer, amphiphilic diblock copolymer, and precursors into supramolecular micelles. Elongational dynamics of viscoelastic micelle solution together with fast solvent evaporation during electrospinning cause simultaneous close packing and uniaxial stretching of micelles, consequently producing polymer nanofibers consisting of oriented micelles. The method is versatile for the fabrication of large-scale ordered mesoporous nanofibers with adjustable pore diameter and various compositions such as carbon, SiO2, TiO2 and WO3. The aligned longitudinal mesopores connected side-by-side by tiny pores offer highly exposed active sites and expedite electron/ion transport. The assembled electrodes deliver outstanding performance for lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fanxing Bu
- Institute for Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin-Yang Yue
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Anqi Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Pengpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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3
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Ma Y, Huang M, Xue Y, Wu X, Kong W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Xiang H, Huang Z. A Fully Methylated Cyclic Ether Solvent Enables Graphite Anode Cycling at Low Temperatures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38657226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Graphite anode suffers from great capacity loss and larger cell polarization under low-temperature conditions in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are mainly caused by the high energy barrier for the Li+ desolvation process and sluggish Li+ transfer rate across the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Regulating an electrolyte with an anion-dominated solvation structure could synchronously stabilize the interface and boost the reaction kinetics of the graphite anode. Herein, a highly ionic conductive electrolyte consisting of a fully methylated cyclic ether solvent of 2,2,4,4,5,5-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxolane (HMD) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) cosolvent was designed. The high electron-donating effect and steric hindrance of -(CH3)2 in HMD endow the HMD-based electrolyte with high ionic conductivity but lower coordination numbers with Li+, and an anion-dominated solvation structure was formed. Such configuration can accelerate the desolvation process and induce the forming of a LiF-rich SEI film on the anode, avoiding the solvent coembedding into graphite and enhancing the ion migration rate under low temperatures. The assembled Li||graphite cell with the tame electrolyte outperformed the conventional carbonates-based cell, showing 93.8% capacity retention after 227 cycles for the DF-based cell compared to 64.7% after 150 cycles. It also exhibited a prolonged cycle life for 200 rounds with 81% capacity retention under -20 °C. Therefore, this work offers a valuable thought for solvent design and provides approaches to electrolyte design for low-temperature LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yejuan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Weilong Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hongfa Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Zhimei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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Xiang J, Lu YC. Ether-Based High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries: The Road to Commercialization. ACS Nano 2024; 18:10726-10737. [PMID: 38602344 PMCID: PMC11044695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ether-based high-voltage lithium metal batteries (HV-LMBs) are drawing growing interest due to their high compatibility with the Li metal anode. However, the commercialization of ether-based HV-LMBs still faces many challenges, including short cycle life, limited safety, and complex failure mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent progress achieved in ether-based electrolytes for HV-LMBs and propose a systematic design principle for the electrolyte based on three important parameters: electrochemical performance, safety, and industrial scalability. Finally, we summarize the challenges for the commercial application of ether-based HV-LMBs and suggest a roadmap for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xiang
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces
Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces
Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s
Republic of China
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5
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Wang J, Luo J, Wu H, Yu X, Wu X, Li Z, Luo H, Zhang H, Hong Y, Zou Y, Cao S, Qiao Y, Sun SG. Visualizing and Regulating Dynamic Evolution of Interfacial Electrolyte Configuration during De-solvation Process on Lithium-Metal Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400254. [PMID: 38441399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Acting as a passive protective layer, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the Li-metal anode. Derived from the reductive decomposition of electrolytes (e.g., anion and solvent), the SEI construction presents as an interfacial process accompanied by the dynamic de-solvation process during Li-metal plating. However, typical electrolyte engineering and related SEI modification strategies always ignore the dynamic evolution of electrolyte configuration at the Li/electrolyte interface, which essentially determines the SEI architecture. Herein, by employing advanced electrochemical in situ FT-IR and MRI technologies, we directly visualize the dynamic variations of solvation environments involving Li+-solvent/anion. Remarkably, a weakened Li+-solvent interaction and anion-lean interfacial electrolyte configuration have been synchronously revealed, which is difficult for the fabrication of anion-derived SEI layer. Moreover, as a simple electrochemical regulation strategy, pulse protocol was introduced to effectively restore the interfacial anion concentration, resulting in an enhanced LiF-rich SEI layer and improved Li-metal plating/stripping reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Haichuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, 361024, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Zhengang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Haitang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Hong
- Innovation Labratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), 361024, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yeguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Innovation Labratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), 361024, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Shuohui Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
- Innovation Labratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), 361024, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
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6
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Lei Y, Xu X, Yin J, Xi K, Wei L, Zheng J, Wang Y, Wu H, Jiang S, Gao Y. LiF/Li 3N-Rich Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces Enabled by Multi-Functional Electrolyte Additive to Achieve High-Performance Li/LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 Batteries. Small 2024:e2400365. [PMID: 38644295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
LiPF6-based carbonate electrolytes have been extensively employed in commercial Li-ion batteries, but they face numerous interfacial stability challenges while applicating in high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, this work proposes N-succinimidyl trifluoroacetate (NST) as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to address these challenges. NST additive could optimize Li+ solvation structure and eliminate HF/H2O in the electrolyte, and preferentially be decomposed on the Ni-rich cathode (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM811) to generate LiF/Li3N-rich cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) with high conductivity. The synergistic effect reduces the electrolyte decomposition and inhibits the transition metal (TM) dissolution. Meanwhile, NST promotes the creation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in inorganics on the Li metal anode (LMA), which restrains the growth of Li dendrites, minimizes parasitic reactions, and fosters rapid Li+ transport. As a result, compared with the reference, the Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell with 1.0 wt.% NST exhibits higher capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1C (86.4% vs. 64.8%) and better rate performance, even at 9C. In the presence of NST, the Li/Li symmetrical cell shows a super-stable cyclic performance beyond 500 h at 0.5 mA cm-2/0.5 mAh cm-2. These unique features of NST are a promising solution for addressing the interfacial deterioration issue of high-capacity Ni-rich cathodes paired with LMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Junying Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Kang Xi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Junzi Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Sun X, Liu H, Ren KF, Tang WB, Guo C, Bao W, Yu F, Cheng XB, Li J. Understanding the Coupling Mechanism of Intercalation and Conversion Hybrid Storage in Lithium-Graphite Anode. Small 2024:e2401675. [PMID: 38644329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Anodes with high capacity and long lifespan play an important role in the advanced batteries. However, none of the existing anodes can meet these two requirements simultaneously. Lithium (Li)-graphite composite anode presents great potential in balancing these two requirements. Herein, the working mechanism of Li-graphite composite anode is comprehensively investigated. The capacity decay features of the composite anode are different from those of Li ion intercalation in Li ion batteries and Li metal deposition in Li metal batteries. An intercalation and conversion hybrid storage mechanism are proposed by analyzing the capacity decay ratios in the composite anode with different initial specific capacities. The capacity decay models can be divided into four stages including Capacity Retention Stage, Relatively Independent Operation Stage, Intercalation & Conversion Coupling Stage, Pure Li Intercalation Stage. When the specific capacity is between 340 and 450 mAh g-1, its capacity decay ratio is between that of pure intercalation and conversion model. These results intensify the comprehensive understandings on the working principles in Li-graphite composite anode and present novel insights in the design of high-capacity and long-lifespan anode materials for the next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Wen-Bo Tang
- Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Weizhai Bao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Xin-Bing Cheng
- Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
| | - Jingfa Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
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8
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Wu W, Li D, Gao C, Wu H, Bo Y, Zhang J, Ci L, Zhang J. Eutectogel Electrolyte Constructs Robust Interfaces for High-Voltage Safe Lithium Metal Battery. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2310136. [PMID: 38639396 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Dramatic growth of lithium dendrite, structural deterioration of LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode at high voltages, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces pose significant obstacles to the practical application of high-energy-density LCO||Li batteries. In this work, a novel eutectogel electrolyte is developed by confining the nonflammable eutectic electrolyte in a polymer matrix. The eutectogel electrolyte can construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with inorganic-rich LiF and Li3N, contributing to a uniform Li deposition. Besides, the severe interface side reactions between LCO cathode and electrolyte can be retarded with an in situ formed protective layer. Correspondingly, Li||Li symmetrical cells achieve highly reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h. The LCO||Li full cell can maintain 72.5% capacity after 1500 cycles with a decay rate of only 0.018% per cycle at a high charging voltage of 4.45 V. Moreover, the well-designed eutectogel electrolyte can even enable the stable operation of LCO at an extremely high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. This work introduces a promising avenue for the advancement of eutectogel electrolytes, the nonflammable nature and well-regulated interphase significantly push forward the future application of lithium metal batteries and high-voltage utilization of LCO cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbao Wu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 21300, China
- Changzhou Qianmu New Energy Co. Ltd., Changzhou, 21300, China
| | - Deping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaochao Gao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiyang Bo
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lijie Ci
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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9
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li H, Chen P, You C, Liu M, Lin H, Passerini S. Atom-Level Tandem Catalysis in Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2402792. [PMID: 38616764 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
High-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are limited by reaction or diffusion barriers with dissatisfactory electrochemical kinetics. Typical conversion-type lithium sulfur battery systems exemplify the kinetic challenges. Namely, before diffusing or reacting in the electrode surface/interior, the Li(solvent)x + dissociation at the interface to produce isolated Li+, is usually a prerequisite fundamental step either for successive Li+ "reduction" or for Li+ to participate in the sulfur conversions, contributing to the related electrochemical barriers. Thanks to the ideal atomic efficiency (100 at%), single atom catalysts (SACs) have gained attention for use in LMBs toward resolving the issues caused by the five types of barrier-restricted processes, including polysulfide/Li2S conversions, Li(solvent)x + desolvation, and Li0 nucleation/diffusion. In this perspective, the tandem reactions including desolvation and reaction or plating and corresponding catalysis behaviors are introduced and analyzed from interface to electrode interior. Meanwhile, the principal mechanisms of highly efficient SACs in overcoming specific energy barriers to reinforce the catalytic electrochemistry are discussed. Lastly, the future development of high-efficiency atomic-level catalysts in batteries is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), D89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- i-Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), D89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Storage, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Caiyin You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Meinan Liu
- i-Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongzhen Lin
- i-Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), D89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Ma B, Zhong L, Huang S, Xiao M, Wang S, Han D, Meng Y. Covalent Organic Framework Enhanced Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries. Molecules 2024; 29:1759. [PMID: 38675579 PMCID: PMC11052223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High ionic conductivity, outstanding mechanical stability, and a wide electrochemical window are the keys to the application of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Due to their regular channels for ion transport and tailored functional groups, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been applied to solid electrolytes to improve their performance. Herein, we report a flexible polyethylene oxide-COF-LZU1 (abbreviated as PEO-COF) electrolyte membrane with a high lithium ion transference number and satisfactory mechanical strength, allowing for dendrite-free and long-time cycling for LMBs. Benefiting from the interaction between bis(triflfluoromethanesulonyl)imide anions (TFSI-) and aldehyde groups in COF-LZU1, the Li+ transference number of the PEO-5% COF-LZU1 electrolyte reached up to 0.43, much higher than that of neat PEO electrolyte (0.18). Orderly channels are conducive to the homogenous Li-+ deposition, thereby inhibiting the lithium dendrites. The assembled LiFePO4|PEO-5% COF-LZU1/Li cells delivered a discharge specific capacity of 146 mAh g-1 and displayed a capacity retention of 80% after 200 cycles at 0.1 C (60 °C). The Li/Li symmetrical cells of the PEO-5% COF-LZU1 electrolyte presented a longer working stability at different current densities compared to that of the PEO electrolyte. Therefore, the enhanced comprehensive performance of the solid electrolyte shows potential application prospects for use in LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (B.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (B.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Sheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.H.); (M.X.); (S.W.)
| | - Min Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.H.); (M.X.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuanjin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.H.); (M.X.); (S.W.)
| | - Dongmei Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (B.M.); (L.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.H.); (M.X.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (B.M.); (L.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.H.); (M.X.); (S.W.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Research Center of Green Catalysts, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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11
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Wang Q, Wang C, Qiao Y, Zhou H, Yu J. Hybrid-Electrolytes System Established by Dual Super-lyophobic Membrane Enabling High-Voltage Aqueous Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2401486. [PMID: 38607186 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytes and related aqueous rechargeable batteries own unique advantage on safety and environmental friendliness, but coupling high energy density Li-metal batteries with aqueous electrolyte still represent challenging and not yet reported. Here, this work makes a breakthrough in "high-voltage aqueous Li-metal batteries" (HVALMBs) by adopting a brilliant hybrid-electrolytes strategy. Concentrated ternary-salts ether-based electrolyte (CTE) acts as the anolyte to ensure the stability and reversibility of Li-metal plating/stripping. Eco-friendly water-in-salt (WiS) electrolyte acts as catholyte to support the healthy operation of high-voltage cathodes. Most importantly, the aqueous catholyte and non-aqueous anolyte are isolated in each independent chamber without any crosstalk. Aqueous catholyte permeation toward Li anode can be completely prohibited without proton-induced corrosion, which is enabled by the introduction of under-liquid dual super-lyophobic membrane-based separator, which can realize the segregation of the most effective immiscible electrolytes with a surface tension difference as small as 6 mJ m-2. As a result, the aqueous electrolyte can be successfully coupled with Li-metal anode and achieve the fabrication of HVALMBs (hybrid-electrolytes system), which presents long-term cycle stability with a capacity retention of 81.0% after 300 cycles (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 || Li (limited) cell) and high energy density (682 Wh kg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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12
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Fang S, Wang H, Zhao S, Yu M, Liu X, Li Y, Wu F, Zuo W, Zhou N, Ortiz GF. In Situ Formation of Heterojunction in Composite Lithium Anode Facilitates Fast and Uniform Interfacial Ion Transport. Small 2024:e2402108. [PMID: 38586916 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal is a highly promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, its practical application faces challenges due to the uncontrolled lithium dendrites growth and infinite volumetric expansion during repetitive cycling. Herein, a composite lithium anode is designed by mechanically rolling and pressing a cerium oxide-coated carbon textile with lithium foil (Li@CeO2/CT). The in situ generated cerium dioxide (CeO2) and cerium trioxide (Ce2O3) form a heterojunction with a reduced lithium-ion migration barrier, facilitating the rapid lithium ions migration. Additionally, both CeO2 and Ce2O3 exhibit higher adsorbed energy with lithium, enabling faster and more distributed interfacial transport of lithium ions. Furthermore, the high specific surface area of 3D skeleton can effectively reduce local current density, and alleviate the lithium volumetric changes upon plating/stripping. Benefiting from this unique structure, the highly compact and uniform lithium deposition is constructed, allowing the Li@CeO2/CT symmetric cells to maintain a stable cycling for over 500 cycles at an exceptional high current density of 100 mA cm-2. When paired with LiNi0.91Co0.06Mn0.03O2 (NCM91) cathode, the cell achieves 74.3% capacity retention after 800 cycles at 1 C, and a remarkable capacity retention of 81.1% after 500 cycles even at a high rate of 4 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Fang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Huasong Wang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Shangquan Zhao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Fanglin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenhua Zuo
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Naigen Zhou
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Gregorio F Ortiz
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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13
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Wang C, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Sun J. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polycarbonates Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Li-Ion Transference Number for Lithium Metal Batteries. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300645. [PMID: 38227948 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, hyperbranched polycarbonate-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (HBPC-SEs) are successfully synthesized via a straightforward organo-catalyzed "A1"+"B2"-ring-opening polymerization approach. The temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of HBPC-SEs, composed of different polycarbonate linkages and various LiTFSI concentrations, is investigated. The results demonstrate that HBPC-SE with an ether-carbonate alternating structure exhibits superior ionic conductivity, attributed to the solubility of Li salts in the polymer matrix and the mobility of the polymer segments. The HBPC1-SE with 30 wt% LiTFSI presents the highest ionic conductivities of 2.15 × 10-5, 1.78 × 10-4, and 6.07 × 10-4 Scm-1 at 30, 60, and 80 °C, respectively. Compared to traditional PEO-based electrolytes, the incorporation of polycarbonate segments significantly enhances the electrochemical stability window (5 V) and Li+ transference number (0.53) of HBPC-SEs. Furthermore, the LiFePO4/HBPC1-SE-3/Li cell exhibits exceptional rate capability and long-cycling performance, maintaining a discharge capacity of 130 mAh g-1 at 0.5C with a capacity retention of 95% after 300 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Jingjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
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14
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Tang K, Bai Q, Xu P, Liu R, Xue S, Liu S, Zhu Y. A Thiol Branched 3D Network Quasi Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte Reinforced by Covalent Organic Frameworks for Lithium Metal Batteries. Small Methods 2024:e2301810. [PMID: 38528374 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Quasi solid-state polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) are particularly attractive due to their high ionic conductivity and excellent safety for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, it is still a great challenge for QSPEs to achieve strong mechanical strength and high electrochemical performance simultaneously. Herein, a QSPE (SCOF-PEP-PEA) using a covalent organic framework (COF) containing abundant allyl groups (SCOF) as a rigid porous filler as well as a cross-linker to reinforce the polymer network is reported. Benefitting from the unique 3D nanonetwork structure and abundant lithiophilic functional groups, SCOF-PEP-PEA QSPE exhibits high ionic conductivity (4.0 × 10-4 S cm-1) and high lithium-ion transference number (0.82) at room temperature. Moreover, SCOF-PEP-PEA QSPE displays much improved mechanical strength compared to PEP-PEA QSPE (AFM Young's modulus: 453 vs 36 MPa). As a result, the Li/LFP full cell with SCOF-PEP-PEA QSPE shows great rate performance of 141 mAh g-1 at 1C and delivers a high specific capacity retention of 92% after 220 cycles at 0.5 C (60 °C). This work provides a new strategy to design and prepare high-performance QSPEs with COFs as porous organic filler, and further expand the application of COFs for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiaoshuang Bai
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, China
| | - Shoufeng Xue
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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15
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Seo J, Im J, Kim M, Song D, Yoon S, Cho KY. Recent Progress of Advanced Functional Separators in Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024:e2312132. [PMID: 38453671 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
As a representative in the post-lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) landscape, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) exhibit high-energy densities but suffer from low coulombic efficiencies and short cycling lifetimes due to dendrite formation and complex side reactions. Separator modification holds the most promise in overcoming these challenges because it utilizes the original elements of LMBs. In this review, separators designed to address critical issues in LMBs that are fatal to their destiny according to the target electrodes are focused on. On the lithium anode side, functional separators reduce dendrite propagation with a conductive lithiophilic layer and a uniform Li-ion channel or form a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer through the continuous release of active agents. The classification of functional separators solving the degradation stemming from the cathodes, which has often been overlooked, is summarized. Structural deterioration and the resulting leakage from cathode materials are suppressed by acidic impurity scavenging, transition metal ion capture, and polysulfide shuttle effect inhibition from functional separators. Furthermore, flame-retardant separators for preventing LMB safety issues and multifunctional separators are discussed. Further expansion of functional separators can be effectively utilized in other types of batteries, indicating that intensive and extensive research on functional separators is expected to continue in LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeok Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Im
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Song
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukeun Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Young Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang Q, Xu H, Fan Y, Chi SS, Han B, Ke R, Wang R, Wang J, Wang C, Xu X, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Chang J. Insight into Multiple Intermolecular Coordination of Composite Solid Electrolytes via Cryo-Electron Microscopy for High-Voltage All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2314063. [PMID: 38444248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymer/ceramic-based composite solid electrolytes (CSE) are promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (SLBs), benefiting from the combined mechanical robustness of polymeric electrolytes and the high ionic conductivity of ceramic electrolytes. However, the interfacial instability and poorly understood interphases of CSE hinder their application in high-voltage SLBs. Herein, a simple but effective CSE that stabilizes high-voltage SLBs by forming multiple intermolecular coordination interactions between polyester and ceramic electrolytes is discovered. The multiple coordination between the carbonyl groups in poly(ε-caprolactone) and the fluorosulfonyl groups in anions with Li6.5 La3 Zr1.5 Ta0.5 O12 nanoparticles is directly visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and further confirmed by theoretical calculation. Importantly, the multiple coordination in CSE not only prevents the continuous decomposition of polymer skeleton by shielding the vulnerable carbonyl sites but also establishes stable inorganic-rich interphases through preferential decomposition of anions. The stable CSE and its inorganic-rich interphases enable Li||Li symmetric cells with an exceptional lifespan of over 4800 h without dendritic shorting at 0.1 mA cm-2 . Moreover, the high-voltage SLB with LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 cathode displays excellent cycling stability over 1100 cycles at a 1C charge/discharge rate. This work reveals the underlying mechanism behind the excellent stability of coordinating composite electrolytes and interfaces in high-voltage SLBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongli Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanchen Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shang-Sen Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ruohong Ke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ruo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
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17
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Ma C, Zou S, Wu Y, Yue K, Cai X, Wang Y, Nai J, Guo T, Tao X, Liu Y. A Triply-Periodic-Minimal-Surface Structured Interphase based on Fluorinated Polymers Strengthening High-energy Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402910. [PMID: 38441480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of constructing a mechanically robust yet lightweight artificial solid-electrolyte interphase layer on lithium (Li) anodes highlights a trade-off between high battery safety and high energy density. Inspired by the intricate microstructure of the white sea urchin, we first develop a polyvinyl fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) interfacial layer with a triple periodic minimal surface structure (TPMS) that could offer maximal modulus with minimal weight. This design endows high mechanical strength to an ordered porous structure, effectively reduces local current density, polarization, and internal resistance, and stabilizes the anode interface. At a low N/P ratio of ~3, using LiFePO4 as the cathode, Li anodes protected by TPMS-structured PVDF-HFP achieve an extremely low capacity-fading-rate of approximately 0.002 % per cycle over 200 cycles at 1 C, with an average discharge capacity of 142 mAh g-1. Meanwhile, the TPMS porous structure saves 50 wt % of the interfacial layer mass, thereby enhancing the energy density of the battery. The TPMS structure is conducive to large-scale additive manufacturing, which will provide a reference for the future development of lightweight, high-energy-density secondary batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shihui Zou
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ke Yue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaohan Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianwei Nai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Tianqi Guo
- Department of Advanced Materials and Computing International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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18
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Liu X, Li Y, Liu J, Wang H, Zhuang X, Ma J. 570 Wh kg⁻ 1 -Grade Lithium Metal Pouch Cell with 4.9V Highly Li + Conductive Armor-Like Cathode Electrolyte Interphase via Partially Fluorinated Electrolyte Engineering. Adv Mater 2024:e2401505. [PMID: 38437452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LRMOs) are promisingly used in high-energy lithium metal pouch cells due to high specific capacity/working voltage. However, the interfacial stability of LRMOs remains challenging. To address this question, a novel armor-like cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) model is proposed for stabilizing LRMO cathode at 4.9 V by exploring partially fluorinated electrolyte formulation. The fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB) in formulated electrolyte largely contribute to the formation of 4.9 V armor-like CEI with LiBx Oy and Lix POy Fz outer layer and LiF- and Li3 PO4 -rich inner part. Such CEI effectively inhibits lattice oxygen loss and facilitates the Li+ migration smoothly for guaranteeing LRMO cathode to deliver superior cycling and rate performance. As expected, Li||LRMO batteries with such electrolyte achieve capacity retention of 85.7% with high average Coulomb efficiency (CE) of 99.64% after 300 cycles at 4.8 V/0.5 C, and even obtain capacity retention of 87.4% after 100 cycles at higher cut-off voltage of 4.9 V. Meanwhile, the 9 Ah-class Li||LRMO pouch cells with formulated electrolyte show over thirty-eight stable cycling life with high energy density of 576 Wh kg-1 at 4.8 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, Shanghai, 200245, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhuang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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19
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Xie C, Zhao C, Jeong H, Liu Q, Li T, Xu W, Cheng L, Xu GL, Amine K, Chen G. Regulating Li Nucleation and Growth Heterogeneities via Near-Surface Lithium-Ion Irrigation for Stable Anode-Less Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2306868. [PMID: 37946620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhomogeneous nucleation and growth of Li dendrite combined with the spontaneous side reactions with the electrolytes dramatically challenge the stability and safety of Li metal anode (LMA). Despite tremendous endeavors, current success relies on the use of significant excess of Li to compensate the loss of active Li during cycling. Herein, a near-surface Li+ irrigation strategy is developed to regulate the inhomogeneous Li deposition behavior and suppress the consequent side reactions under limited Li excess condition. The conformal polypyrrole (PPy) coating layer on Cu surface via oxidative chemical vapor deposition technique can induce the migration of Li+ to the interregional space between PPy and Cu, creating a near-surface Li+-rich region to smooth diffusion of ion flux and uniform the deposition. Moreover, as evidenced by multiscale characterizations including synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction scanning, a robust N-rich solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) is formed on the PPy skeleton to effectively suppress the undesired SEI formation/dissolution process. Strikingly, stable Li metal cycling performance under a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm-2 at 2.0 mA cm-2 with merely 0.5 × Li excess is achieved. The findings not only resolve the long-standing poor LMA stability/safety issues, but also deepen the mechanism understanding of Li deposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Heonjae Jeong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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20
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Chen M, Fan Y, Zhou H, Li G. ZnO@C Coated Cellulose-Based Separators Control Lithium Deposition Direction to Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2306712. [PMID: 37929649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Li metal anodes have attracted attention due to their high specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nevertheless, the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites hinders the practical application of Li metal batteries. Although the various approaches have made performance improvements, safety hazards still exist since Li dendrites are still growing along the anode to the separator during the continuous plating/stripping process. Herein, a straightforward method is proposed to achieve stable Li metal batteries with directional growth control by using a functional ZnO@C/cellulose membrane as a separator. The abundant pore structure and functional groups of biomass cellulose enhance the Li-ion transport and interface compatibility. The ZnO transforms in situ to form a Li-Zn alloy layer which is uniformly coated to the separator to direct uniform ion concentration polarization and charge distribution polarization, control the growth direction of Li, significantly improve the cycling stability, and promote the reversibility of the Li plating/exfoliation process. As a result, the symmetric cell exhibits an extreme lifetime of more than 4500 h and low polarization at 3 mA cm-2 . The cycling performance of the Li||LiFePO4 full cell reaches a capacity retention of 98% after 270 cycles at a mass loading of 10 mg cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Zhejiang Xizi Forward Motor Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yiqi Fan
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hongfang Zhou
- Zhejiang Xizi Forward Motor Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guoneng Li
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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21
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Ding J, Du T, Thomsen EH, Andresen D, Fischer MR, Møller AK, Petersen AR, Pedersen AK, Jensen LR, Wang S, Smedskjaer MM. Metal-Organic Framework Glass as a Functional Filler Enables Enhanced Performance of Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306698. [PMID: 38145970 PMCID: PMC10933666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are promising candidates as solid-state electrolytes due to their performance and processability, but fillers play a critical role in adjusting the polymer network structure and electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Most fillers studied so far are anisotropic, limiting the possibility of homogeneous ion transport. Here, applying metal-organic framework (MOF) glass as an isotropic functional filler, solid-state polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes are prepared. Calorimetric and diffusion kinetics tests show that the MOF glass addition reduces the glass transition temperature of the polymer phase, improving the mobility of the polymer chains, and thereby facilitating lithium (Li) ion transport. By also incorporating the lithium salt and ionic liquid (IL), Li-Li symmetric cell tests of the PEO-lithium salt-MOF glass-IL electrolyte reveal low overpotential, indicating low interfacial impedance. Simulations show that the isotropic structure of the MOF glass facilitates the wettability of the IL by enhancing interfacial interactions, leading to a less confined IL structure that promotes Li-ion mobility. Finally, the obtained electrolyte is used to construct Li-lithium iron phosphate full batteries that feature high cycle stability and rate capability. This work therefore demonstrates how an isotropic functional filler can be used to enhance the electrochemical performance of solid-state polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Ding
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | - Emil H. Thomsen
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | - David Andresen
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | - Mathias R. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | - Anders K. Møller
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars R. Jensen
- Department of Materials and ProductionAalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark
| | - Shiwen Wang
- College of New EnergyZhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou450002China
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22
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Carena E, Mezzomo L, Vallana N, Ceribelli N, Di Liberto G, Mostoni S, Ferrara C, Mauri M, Lorenzi R, Giordano L, Ruffo R, Mustarelli P. PVDF-HFP Based, Quasi-Solid Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024:e2311805. [PMID: 38409572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Composite polymer electrolytes are systems of choice for future solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) is among the most interesting matrices to develop new generation quasi-solid electrolytes (QSEs). Here it is reported on nanocomposites made of PVDF-HFP and pegylated SiO2 nanoparticles. Silica-based hybrid nanofillers are obtained by grafting chains of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG) with different molecular weight on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The functionalized nanofiller improves the mechanical, transport and electrochemical properties of the QSEs, which show good ionic conductivity values and high resistance against dendrite penetration, ensuring boosted long and safe device operation. The most promising result is obtained by dispersing 5 wt% of SiO2 functionalized with short PEG chains (PEG750 , Mw = 750 g mol-1 ) in the PVDF-HFP matrix with an ease solvent-casting procedure. It shows ionic conductivity of 0.1 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, more than 250 h resistance to stripping/plating, and impressive results during cycling tests in LMB with LiFePO4 cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Carena
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mezzomo
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Nicholas Vallana
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Nicole Ceribelli
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Mostoni
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrara
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Roberto Lorenzi
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Livia Giordano
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Mustarelli
- Department of Materials Science of University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
- GISEL-INSTM, Unit of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
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23
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Liu L, Xue J, Liu Y, Lu S, Weng S, Wang Z, Zhang F, Fu D, Xu J, Wu X. Excellent Polymerized Ionic-Liquid-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enabled by Molecular Structure Design and Anion-Derived Interfacial Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:8895-8902. [PMID: 38348831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquid (PIL)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are well known as highly safe and stable electrolytes but with low ambient ionic conductivity. Herein, we first designed and synthesized an IL monomer with a long and flexible side chain and then mixed it with LiTFSI and MEMPTFSI to construct a PIL-based GPE (denoted as GM-GPE). The special molecular structure of the monomer greatly improves the ionic transport through the PIL chain, and the introduction of MEMPTFSI plasticizer further improves the ionic conductivity, promoting a TFSI--anion-derived SEI formation to suppress Li dendrite growth and forming an electrostatic shielding effect of MEMP+ cations to promote the uniform deposition of Li+. Consequently, the as-prepared GM-GPE exhibits high ambient ionic conductivity (4.3 × 10-4 S cm-1, 30 °C), robust electrochemical stability, excellent thermal stability, nonflammability, and superior ability to inhibit Li dendrite growth. The resultant LiFePO4|GM-GPE|Li cell exhibits a high discharge capacity of 150 mA h g-1 at 0.2 C along with a good cycling stability and rate capability. This work brings about new guidance for the development of high-quality GPEs with high ionic conductivity, high stability, and safety for long cycling and dendrite-free lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwang Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangyan Xue
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suwan Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shixiao Weng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Daosong Fu
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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24
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Ding F, Li Y, Zhang G, Wang H, Liu B, Liu C, Jiang L, Sui X, Wang Z. High-Safety Electrolytes with an Anion-Rich Solvation Structure Tuned by Difluorinated Cations for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2400177. [PMID: 38346222 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
As next-generation energy storage devices, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) must offer high safety, high-voltage resistance, and a long life span. Electrolyte engineering is a facile strategy to tailor the interfacial chemistry of LMBs. In particular, the solvation structure and derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are crucial for a satisfactory battery performance. Herein, a novel middle-concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte (MCILE) with an anion-rich solvation structure tuned by difluorinated cations is demonstrated to achieve ultrahigh safety, high-voltage stability, and excellent ternary-cathode compatibility. Novel gem-difluorinated cations first synthesized for prestoring fluorine on positively charged species, not only preferentially adsorb in the inner-Helmholtz layers, but also participate in regulating the Li+ solvation structure, resulting in a robust interphase. Moreover, these weak interactions in the Li+ solvation structure including anion-solvent and ionic liquid (IL) cation-solvent pairs are first revealed, which are beneficial for promoting an anion-dominated solvation structure and the desolvation process. Benefiting from the unique anion-rich solvation structure, a stable hetero-SEI structure is obtained. The designed MCILE exhibits compatibility with Li metal anode and the high-voltage ternary cathode at high temperatures (60 °C). This work provides a new approach for regulating the solvation structure and electrode interphase chemistry of LMBs via difluorinated IL cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guoxu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Xi'an Safty Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710299, China
| | - Bo Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Linhai Jiang
- The Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xulei Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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25
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Okur F, Sheima Y, Zimmerli C, Zhang H, Helbling P, Fäh A, Mihail I, Tschudin J, Opris DM, Kovalenko MV, Kravchyk KV. Nitrile-functionalized Poly(siloxane) as Electrolytes for High-Energy-Density Solid-State Li Batteries. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301285. [PMID: 38051667 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to replace liquid Li-ion electrolytes with safer and non-toxic solid counterparts for Li-ion batteries, polysiloxane polymers have attracted considerable attention as they offer low glass transition temperatures, stability with metallic lithium, and versatility in chemical functionalization of the backbone. Herein, we present the synthesis of Li-ion conductive polysiloxane-based polymers functionalized with 60 % nitrile groups per chain unit. The synthesis procedure is based on the reaction of poly-(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylvinylsiloxane) polymer with 2-cyanoethanethiol, followed by the addition of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide. The presented polysiloxane-based polymers exhibit exceptionally high ionic conductivity up to 0.375 mS cm-1 at 60 °C and Li+ ion transfer number of 0.73, one of the highest reported for polymer Li-ion conducting electrolytes. Their electrochemical performance was evaluated in both symmetrical and full-cell configurations to test the utility of synthesized polymers as electrolytes in Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Okur
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yauhen Sheima
- Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Can Zimmerli
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Helbling
- Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ashling Fäh
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Iacob Mihail
- Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Tschudin
- Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dorina M Opris
- Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kostiantyn V Kravchyk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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26
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Tian J, Ji J, Zhu Y, He Y, Li H, Li Y, Luo D, Xing J, Qie L, Sessler JL, Chi X. Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Solid-State Supramolecular Electrolyte. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308507. [PMID: 37885345 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) suffer from the low ionic conductivity and poor capability of suppressing lithium (Li) dendrites, which limits their utility in the preparation of all solid-state Li-metal batteries (LMBs). It is reported here a flexible solid supramolecular electrolyte that incorporates a new anion capture agent, namely a phenylboronic acid functionalized calix[4]pyrrole (C4P), into a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix. The resulting solid-state supramolecular electrolyte demonstrates high ionic conductivity (1.9 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 60 °C) and a high Li+ transference number (t Li + ${t}_{{\mathrm{Li}}^{\mathrm{ + }}}$ = 0.70). Furthermore, the assembled Li|C4P-PEO-LiTFSI|LiFePO4 cell allows for stable cycling over 1200 cycles at 1 C at 60 °C, as well as good rate performance. The favorable performance of the C4P-PEO-LiTFSI SPE leads to suggest it can prove useful in the creation of high energy density solid-state LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yaling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanlei He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiapeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Long Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Zhou K, Wang Y, Mei J, Zhang X, Xue T, Fan W, Zhang L, Liu T, Xie Y. Scalable Preparation of Polyimide Sandwiched Separator for Durable High-Rate Lithium-Metal Battery. Small 2024; 20:e2305596. [PMID: 37775944 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing demands for efficient energy storage accelerate the development of high-rate lithium-metal battery (LMB) with desirable energy density, power density, and cycling stability. Nevertheless, the practical application of LMB is critically impeded by internal temperature rise and lithium dendrite growth, especially at high charge/discharge rates. It is highly desired but remains challenging to develop high-performance thermotolerant separators that can provide favorable channels to enable fast Li+ transport for high-rate operation and simultaneously homogenize the lithium deposition for dendrite inhibition. Polyimide-based separators with superior thermal properties are promising candidate alternatives to the commercial polyolefin-based separators, but previous strategies of designing either nanoporous or microporous channels in polyimide-based separators often meet a dilemma. Here, a facile and scalable approach is reported to develop a polyimide fiber/aerogel (denoted as PIFA) separator with the microporous polyimide fiber membrane sandwiched between two nanoporous polyimide aerogel layers, which can enable LMBs with remarkable capacity retention of 97.2% after 1500 cycles at 10 C. The experimental and theoretical studies unravel that the sandwiched structure of PIFA can appreciably enhance the electrolyte adsorption and ionic conductivity; while, the aerogel coating can effectively inhibit dendrite growth to realize durable high-rate LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiabing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Longsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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28
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Liang X, Liu C, Liao S, Yao SX, He M. Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Advanced Dendrite-Free, High-Rate, and Long-Life Li Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:4661-4670. [PMID: 38232753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The recently developed advanced electrolytes possess many crucial qualities, including robust stability, Li dendrite-free, and comparable interface compatibility, for the manufacturing of Li metal batteries with a high energy density. In this study, lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, acrylamide, and succinonitrile were first used to design a polymerizable monomer. Then, it went through in situ thermal polymerization to attain a new solid polymer electrolyte [named poly(PDES)]. The synthesized poly(PDES) electrolyte achieved higher ionic conductivity (∼1.89 × 10-3 S cm-1), oxidation potential (∼5.10 V versus Li+/Li), and a larger lithium-ion transfer number (∼0.63). Moreover, poly(PDES) was nonflammable and could effectively inhibit the formation of Li dendrites. As a result, the assembled batteries using the poly(PDES) electrolyte for both Li||LiFePO4 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 exhibited excellent interface compatibility and electrochemical performances. This poly(PDES) electrolyte has promising potential for broad application in lithium-metal batteries with elevated energy density and safety performance in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Songyi Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Selina X Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Minghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Shen Z, Huang J, Xie Y, Wei D, Chen J, Shi Z. Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal Anodes. ChemSusChem 2024:e202301777. [PMID: 38294273 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) represent the most promising next-generation high-energy density batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the lithium metal anode plays a crucial role in regulating lithium deposition and improving the cycling performance of LMBs. In this review, we comprehensively present the formation process of the SEI film, while elucidating the key properties such as electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical performance. Furthermore, various approaches for constructing the SEI film are discussed from both electrolyte regulation and artificial coating design perspectives. Lastly, future research directions along with development recommendations are also provided. This review aims to provide possible strategies for the further improvement of SEI film in LMBs and highlight their inspiration for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Shen
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiao Huang
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dafeng Wei
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Shi
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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30
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Yang XT, Han C, Xie YM, Fang R, Zheng S, Tian JH, Lin XM, Zhang H, Mao BW, Gu Y, Wang YH, Li JF. Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Tuning the Molecular Polarity of Diluents in Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes. Small 2024:e2311393. [PMID: 38287737 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrolyte plays a crucial role in ensuring stable operation of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have the potential to form a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and mitigate Li dendrite growth, making them a highly promising electrolyte option. However, the principles governing the selection of diluents, a crucial component in LHCE, have not been clearly determined, hampering the advancement of such a type of electrolyte systems. Herein, the diluents from the perspective of molecular polarity are rationally designed and developed. A moderately fluorinated solvent, 1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane (TNE), is employed as a diluent to create a novel LHCE. The unique molecular structure of TNE enhances the intrinsic dipole moment, thereby altering solvent interactions and the coordination environment of Li-ions in LHCE. The achieved solvation structure not only enhances the bulk properties of LHCE, but also facilitates the formation of more stable anion-derived SEIs featured with a higher proportion of inorganic species. Consequently, the corresponding full cells of both Li||LiFePO4 and Li||LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 cells utilizing Li thin-film anodes exhibit extended long-term stability with significantly improved average Coulombic efficiency. This work offers new insights into the functions of diluents in LHCEs and provides direction for further optimizing the LHCEs for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tao Yang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chong Han
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yi-Meng Xie
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong Fang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shisheng Zheng
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jing-Hua Tian
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Environment Science, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry and Environment Science, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
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31
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Yang L, Gao X, Li J, Gao Y, Zhang M, Bai Y, Liu G, Dong H, Sheng L, Wang T, Huang X, He J. Anchoring Carbon Spheres on Titanium Dioxide Modified Commercial Polyethylene (PE) Separator to Suppress Lithium Dendrites for Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024:e2310915. [PMID: 38267813 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Lithium dendrites are easily generated for excessively-solved lithium ions (Li+ ) inside the lithium metal batteries, which will lead serious safety issues. In this experiment, carbon spheres (CS) are successfully anchored on TiO2 (CS@TiO2 ) in the hydrothermal polymerization, which is filtrated on the commercial PE separator (CS@TiO2 @PE). The negative charge in CS can suppress random diffusion of anions through electrostatic interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that CS contributes to the desolvation of Li+ , thereby increasing the migration rate of Li+ . Furthermore, TiO2 exhibits high affinity to liquid electrolytes and acts as a physical barrier to lithium dendrite formation. CS@TiO2 is a combination of the advantages of CS and TiO2 . As results, the Li+ transference number of the CS@TiO2 @PE separator can be promoted to 0.63. The Li||Li cell with the CS@TiO2 @PE separator exhibits a stable cycle performance for more than 600 h and lower polarization voltage (17 mV) at 1 mA cm-2 . The coulombic efficiency (CE) of the Li||Cu cells employe the CS@TiO2 @PE separator is 81.63% over 130 cycles. The discharge capacity of LiFePO4 ||Li cells based on the CS@TiO2 @PE separator is 1.73 mAh (capacity retention = 91.53% after 260 cycles). Thus, the CS@TiO2 layer inhibits lithium dendrite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Xingxu Gao
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Yong Gao
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Yaozong Bai
- Sinoma Lithium Battery Separator Co. Ltd, ZaoZhuang, Shandong, 277500, China
| | - Gaojun Liu
- Sinoma Lithium Battery Separator Co. Ltd, ZaoZhuang, Shandong, 277500, China
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Sinoma Lithium Battery Separator Co. Ltd, ZaoZhuang, Shandong, 277500, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Sinoma Lithium Battery Separator Co. Ltd, ZaoZhuang, Shandong, 277500, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Xianli Huang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Jianping He
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
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32
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Qin H, Zhang B, Lin H, Zheng W, Wang D, Ji X, Ou X. Constructing an Anion-Braking Separator to Regulate Local Li + Solvation Structure for Stabilizing Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2250-2260. [PMID: 38180905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) offer significant advantages in energy density and output voltage, but they are severely limited by uncontrollable Li dendrite formation resulting from uneven Li+ behaviors and high reactivity with potential co-solvent plating. Herein, to uniformly enhance the Li behaviors in desolvation and diffusion, the local Li+ solvation shell structure is optimized by constructing an anion-braking separator, hence dynamically reducing the self-amplifying behavior of dendrites. As a prototypal, two-dimensional lithiated-montmorillonite (LiMMT) is blade-coated on the commercial separator, where abundant -OH groups as Lewis acidic sites and electron acceptors could selectively adsorb corresponding FSI- anions, regulating the solvation shell structure and restricting their migration. Meanwhile, the weakened anion mobility delays the time of breaking electrical neutrality, and the Li nucleation density is quantified through the respective experimental, theoretical and spectroscopical results, providing a comprehensive understanding of modifying anion and cation behaviors on dendritic growth suppression. As anticipated, a long Li plating/stripping lifespan up to 1800 h and a significantly increased average Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% are achieved under 3.0 mAh cm-2. The fabricated high-loading Li-LFP or Li-NCM523 full-cells display the cycle durability with enhanced capacity retention of nearly 100%, providing the instructive guide towards realizing dendrite-free LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- i-Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Ulm D89081, Germany
| | - Haozhe Qin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhen Lin
- i-Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xing Ou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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Zeng H, Yu K, Li J, Yuan M, Wang J, Wang Q, Lai A, Jiang Y, Yan X, Zhang G, Xu H, Wang J, Huang W, Wang C, Deng Y, Chi SS. Beyond LiF: Tailoring Li 2O-Dominated Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Nano 2024; 18:1969-1981. [PMID: 38206167 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The components and structures of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) are critical for stable cycling of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). LiF has been widely studied as the dominant component of SEI, but Li2O, which has a much lower diffusion barrier for Li+, has rarely been investigated as the dominant component of SEI. The effect of Li2O-dominated SEI on electrochemical performance still remains elusive. Herein, an ultrastrong coordinated cosolvation diluent, 2,3-difluoroethoxybenzene (DFEB), is designed to modulate solvation structure and tailor Li2O-dominated SEI for stable LMBs. In the DFEB-based LHCE (DFEB-LHCE), DFEB intensively participates in the first solvation shell and synergizes with FSI- to tailor an Li2O-dominated inorganic-rich SEI which is different from the LiF-dominated SEI formed in conventional LHCE. Benefiting from this special SEI architecture, a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.58% in Li||Cu half cells, stable voltage profiles, and dense and uniform lithium deposition, as well as effective inhibition of Li dendrite formation in the symmetrical cell, are achieved. More importantly, the DFEB-LHCE can be matched with various cathodes such as LFP, NCM811, and S cathodes, and the Li||LFP full cell using DFEB-LHCE possesses 85% capacity retention after 650 stable cycles with 99.9% CE. Especially the 1.5 Ah practical lithium metal pouch cell achieves an excellent capacity retention of 89% after 250 cycles with a superb average CE of 99.93%. This work unravels the superiority of the Li2O-dominated SEI and the feasibility of tailoring SEI components through modulation of solvation structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingman Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjie Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen (NCAMS, Digital Economy Research Center─DeFin), College of Business, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Sen Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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34
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Hu H, Li J, Ji X. Confining Ionic Liquids in Developing Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302826. [PMID: 37857581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The concept of confining ionic liquids (ILs) in developing quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) has been proposed, where ILs are dispersed in polymer networks/backbones and/or filler/host pores, forming the so-called confinement, and great research progress and promising research results have been achieved. In this review, the progress and achievement in developing QSSEs using IL-confinement for lithium metal batteries (LMBs), together with advanced characterizations and simulations, were surveyed, summarized, and analyzed, where the influence of specific parameters, such as IL (type, content, etc.), substrate (type, structure, surface properties, etc.), confinement methods, and so on, was discussed. The confinement concept was further compared with the conventional one in other research areas. It indicates that the IL-confinement in QSSEs improves the performance of electrolytes, for example, increasing the ionic conductivity, widening the electrochemical window, and enhancing the cycle performance of the assembled cells, and being different from those in other areas, that is, the IL-confinement concept in the battery area is in a broad extent. Finally, insights into developing QSSEs in LMBs with the confinement strategy were provided to promote the development and application of QSSE LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Hu
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 97187, Sweden
| | - Jiajia Li
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 97187, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 97187, Sweden
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You Y, Duan H, Tan H, Huang Q, Li Q, Wang X, Huang J, Xu G, Wang G. Sustained Release-Driven Interface Engineering Enables Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024:e2310843. [PMID: 38247199 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
LiNO3 has attracted intensive attention as a promising electrolyte additive to regulate Li deposition behavior as it can form favorable Li3 N, LiNx Oy species to improve the interfacial stability. However, the inferior solubility in carbonate-based electrolyte restricts its application in high-voltage Li metal batteries. Herein, an artificial composite layer (referred to as PML) composed of LiNO3 and PMMA is rationally designed on Li surface. The PML layer serves as a reservoir for LiNO3 release gradually to the electrolyte during cycling, guaranteeing the stability of SEI layer for uniform Li deposition. The PMMA matrix not only links the nitrogen-containing species for uniform ionic conductivity but also can be coordinated with Li for rapid Li ions migration, resulting in homogenous Li-ion flux and dendrite-free morphology. As a result, stable and dendrite-free plating/stripping behaviors of Li metal anodes are achieved even at an ultrahigh current density of 20 mA cm-2 (>570 h) and large areal capacity of 10 mAh cm-2 (>1200 h). Moreover, the Li||LiFePO4 full cell using PML-Li anode undergoes stable cycling for 2000 cycles with high-capacity retention of 94.8%. This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO3 in carbonate-based electrolyte for practical LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Haofan Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Hongming Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xianyou Wang
- National Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Materials of New Energy Storage Battery, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage & Conversion, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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Zhu J, Zhong J, Lin Y, Wang Y, Xie T, Shen Z, Li J, Shi Z. In-situ construction of poly(tetraisopentyl acrylate) based gel polymer electrolytes with Li x La 2-x TiO 3 for high energy density lithium-metal batteries. Chemistry 2024:e202303820. [PMID: 38183354 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
As promising alternatives to liquid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes attract much research interest recently, but their widespread use is limited by the low ionic conductivity. In this study, we use electrostatic spinning to introduce particles of an ionic conductor into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers to prepare a porous membrane as the host of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The relevant in-situ produced GPE performs a high ionic conductivity of 6.0×10-3 S cm-1 , and a high lithium transfer number (tLi + ) of 0.85 at 30 °C, respectively. A symmetrical Li cell with this GPE can cycle stably for 550 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 . While the capacity retention of the NCM|GPE|Li cell is 79.84 % after 500 cycles at 2 C. Even with an increased cut-off voltage of 4.5 V, the 1st coulomb efficiency reaches 91.58 % with a specific discharge capacity of 213.4 mAh g-1 . This study provides a viable route for the practical application of high energy density lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy, Institute of Batteries, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- School of Materials and Energy, Institute of Batteries, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, Institute of Batteries, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yating Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Institute of Batteries, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tangtang Xie
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4, Milano, MI-20156, Italy
- The Testing and Technology Center for Industrial Products of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518067, China
| | - Zhichuan Shen
- School of Materials and Energy, Institute of Batteries, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4, Milano, MI-20156, Italy
| | - Zhicong Shi
- School of Materials and Energy, Institute of Batteries, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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37
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Wang C, Liu S, Xu H, Wang X, Tian G, Fan F, Liu P, Wang S, Zeng C, Shu C. Adjusting Li + Solvation Structures via Dipole-Dipole Interaction to Construct Inorganic-Rich Interphase for High-Performance Li Metal Batteries. Small 2024:e2308995. [PMID: 38168894 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Practical applications of lithium metal batteries are limited by unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrollable dendrite Li deposition. Regulating the solvation structure of Li+ via modifying electrolyte components enables optimizing the structure of the SEI and realizing dendrite-free Li deposition. In this work, it is found that the ionic-dipole interactions between the electron-deficient B atoms in lithium oxalyldifluoro borate (LiDFOB) and the O atoms in the DME solvent molecule can weaken the interaction between the DME molecule and Li+ , accelerating the desolvation of Li+ . On this basis, the ionic-dipole interactions facilitate the entry of abundant anions into the inner solvation sheath of Li+ , which promotes the formation of inorganic-rich SEI. In addition, the interaction between DFOB- and DME molecules reduces the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of DME molecules in electrolytes, which improves the oxidative stability of the electrolytes system. As a result, the Li||Li cells in LiDFOB-containing electrolytes exhibit an excellent cyclability of over 1800 h with a low overpotential of 18.2 mV, and the Li||LiFePO4 full cells display a high-capacity retention of 93.4% after 100 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Xu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Guilei Tian
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Fan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Chenrui Zeng
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Chaozhu Shu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
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38
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Xue JX, Liu FQ, Xiang TQ, Jia SX, Zhou JJ, Li L. In Situ Forming Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Energy-Density Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2307553. [PMID: 37715063 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ forming gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is one of the most feasible ways to improve the safety and cycle performances of lithium metal batteries with high energy density. However, most of the in situ formed GPEs are not compatible with high-voltage cathode materials. Here, this work provides a novel strategy to in situ form GPE based on the mechanism of Ritter reaction. The Ritter reaction in liquid electrolyte has the advantage of appropriate reaction temperature and no additional additives. The polymer chains are cross-linked by amide groups with the formation of GPE with superior electrochemical properties. The GPE has high ionic conductivity (1.84 mS cm-1 ), wide electrochemical stability window (>5.25 V) and high lithium ion transference number (≈0.78), compatible with high-voltage cathode materials. The Li|LiNi0.6 Co0.2 Mn0.2 O2 batteries with in situ formed GPE show excellent long-term cycle stability (93.4%, 300 cycles). The density functional theory calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results verify that the amide and nitrile groups are beneficial for stabilizing cathode structure and promoting uniform Li deposition on Li anode. Furthermore, the in situ formed GPE exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in Graphite|LiMn2 O4 and Graphite|LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 pouch batteries. This approach is adaptable to current battery technologies, which will be sure to promote the development of high energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tian-Qi Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Si-Xin Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Liao C, Zou R, Zhu J, Cui Z, Gao M, Zhang L, Wang W, Chen H. Coregulation of Li/Li + Spatial Distribution by Electric Field Gradient with Homogenized Li-Ion Flux for Dendrite-Free Li Metal Anodes. Small 2024; 20:e2305085. [PMID: 37661574 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal batteries are highly sought after for their exceptional energy density. However, their practical implementation is impeded by the formation of dendrites and significant volume fluctuations in Li, which stem from the uneven distribution of Li-ions and uncontrolled deposition of Li on the current collector. Here, an amino-functionalized reduced graphene oxide covered with polyacrylonitrile (PrGN) film with an electric field gradient structure is prepared to deal with such difficulties. This novel current collector serves to stabilize Li-metal anodes by regulating Li-ion flux through vertically aligned channels formed by porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Moreover, the amino-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGN) acts as a three-dimensional (3D) host, reducing nucleation overpotential and accommodating volume expansion during cycling. The combination of the insulating PAN and conducting rGN creates an electric field gradient that promotes a bottom-up mode of Li electrodeposition and safeguards the anode from interfacial parasitic reactions. Consequently, the electrodes exhibit exceptional cycle life with stable voltage profiles and minimal hysteresis under high current densities and large areal capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Rujia Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jinqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengluan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Wang W, Ma L, Xu B, Zhu H, Zhang C, Chen L, Wei W. Hydrogen Bond Boosted Ferroelectric Polarization Enables High Rate Capability Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2305797. [PMID: 37658501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal is considered as a promising anode material for next generation lithium-based batteries due to its highest specific capacity and lowest reduction potential. However, irreversible lithium stripping/depositing gives rise to severe dendritic growth and countless dead lithium, which lead to rapid electrochemical performance degradation and increased safety hazards, and thus limit its large-scale application. Herein, this work demonstrates a universal hydrogen-bond-induced strategy to in situ form a highly polarized ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating on the anode current collector. The localized electric field induced by the polarized ferroelectric PVDF can accelerate the migration of lithium ions and alleviate the shortage of lithium ions and uneven ion/electron distribution and transfer at the anode/electrolyte interface, thus promoting uniform deposition and stripping of Li+ at high-rate situations. As a result, the symmetrical Li || Li batteries with polarized PVDF coating exhibit a long cycling lifespan over 900 h under 2 mA cm-2 with marginal voltage polarization, and an ultra-high-rate performance up to 8.85 mA cm-2 . The full cells using LiFePO4 cathode also display enhanced electrochemical performance. The innovative strategy of ferroelectric polarization sheds light on interface engineering to circumvent Li dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Baolei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, 410022, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
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Liu X, Mariani A, Diemant T, Di Pietro ME, Dong X, Mele A, Passerini S. Reinforcing the Electrode/Electrolyte Interphases of Lithium Metal Batteries Employing Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309062. [PMID: 37956687 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with nickel-rich cathodes are promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density batteries, but the lack of sufficiently protective electrode/electrolyte interphases (EEIs) limits their cyclability. Herein, trifluoromethoxybenzene is proposed as a cosolvent for locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (LCILEs) to reinforce the EEIs. With a comparative study of a neat ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) and three LCILEs employing fluorobenzene, trifluoromethylbenzene, or trifluoromethoxybenzene as cosolvents, it is revealed that the fluorinated groups tethered to the benzene ring of the cosolvents not only affect the electrolytes' ionic conductivity and fluidity, but also the EEIs' composition via adjusting the contribution of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (Emim+ ) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion. Trifluoromethoxybenzene, as the optimal cosolvent, leads to a stable cycling of LMBs employing 5 mAh cm-2 lithium metal anodes (LMAs), 21 mg cm-2 LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 (NCA) cathodes, and 4.2 µL mAh-1 electrolytes for 150 cycles with a remarkable capacity retention of 71%, thanks to a solid electrolyte interphase rich in inorganic species on LMAs and, particularly, a uniform cathode/electrolyte interphase rich in Emim+ -derived species on NCA cathodes. By contrast, the capacity retention under the same condition is only 16%, 46%, and 18% for the neat ILE and the LCILEs based on fluorobenzene and benzotrifluoride, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Diemant
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Enrica Di Pietro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Xu Dong
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, I-00185, Italy
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Zuo L, Ma Q, Xiao P, Guo Q, Xie W, Lu D, Yun X, Zheng C, Chen Y. Upgrading the Separators Integrated with Desolvation and Selective Deposition toward the Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2023:e2311529. [PMID: 38154114 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A practical and effective approach to improve the cycle stability of high-energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is to selectively regulate the growth of the lithium anode. The design of desolvation and lithiophilic structure have proved to be significant means to regulate the lithium deposition process. Here, a fluorinated polymer lithiophilic separator (LS) loaded with a metal-organic framework (MOF801) is designed, which facilitates the rapid transfer of Li+ within the separator owing to the MOF801-anchored PF6 - from the electrolyte, Li deposition is confined in the plane resulting from the polymer fiber layer rich in lithiophilic groups (C─F). The numerical simulation results confirm that LS induces a uniform electric field and Li+ concentration distribution. Visualization technology records the behavior of regular Li deposition in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells equipping LS. Therefore, LS exhibits an ultrahigh Li+ transference number (tLi + = 0.80) and a large exchange current density (j0 = 1.963 mA cm-2 ). LS guarantees the stable operation of Li||Li cells for over 1000 h. In addition, the LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 ||Li cell equipped with LS exhibits superior rate and cycle performances owing to the formation of LiF-rich robust SEI layers. This study provides a way forward for dendrite-free Li anodes from the perspective of separator engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Peitao Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Qingpeng Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Chunman Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
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43
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Jia H, Zeng C, Lim HS, Simmons A, Zhang Y, Weber MH, Engelhard MH, Gao P, Niu C, Xu Z, Zhang JG, Xu W. Important Role of Ion Flux Regulated by Separators in Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2023:e2311312. [PMID: 38145390 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefin separators are the most common separators used in rechargeable lithium (Li)-ion batteries. However, the influence of different polyolefin separators on the performance of Li metal batteries (LMBs) has not been well studied. By performing particle injection simulations on the reconstructed three-dimensional pores of different polyethylene separators, it is revealed that the pore structure of the separator has a significant impact on the ion flux distribution, the Li deposition behavior, and consequently, the cycle life of LMBs. It is also discovered that the homogeneity factor of Li-ion toward Li metal electrode is positively correlated to the longevity and reproducibility of LMBs. This work not only emphasizes the importance of the pore structure of polyolefin separators but also provides an economic and effective method to screen favorable separators for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chao Zeng
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Hyung-Seok Lim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ashley Simmons
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Marc H Weber
- Institute of Materials Research, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chaojiang Niu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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44
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Su CC, Wu X, Amine K, Bracamonte MV. Probing the Effectiveness in Stabilizing Lithium Metal Anodes through Functional Additives. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:59016-59024. [PMID: 38061011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A variety of electrolyte additives were comprehensively evaluated to understand their relative capability in stabilizing lithium metal anode. Although the Li||Cu test is an effective test to rule out ineffective additives, a reliable assessment of individual additives cannot be obtained just by a single evaluation method. Therefore, various methods must be combined to truly assess the stabilization of a lithium anode. Moreover, it was also discovered that a significant depletion of electrolytes occurred during the end-of-life of the lithium batteries, which partially contributed to the sudden failure of the lithium batteries during cycling. However, the main culprit of the sudden failure was identified as the significant increase in the resistance of the lithium metal anode. When used as an additive, cyclic fluorinated carbonates are the most effective in stabilizing the lithium anode and improving the cycling performance of lithium batteries among all the common additives. Despite its cost-effectiveness, the additive in the conventional electrolyte approach provides insufficient protection for lithium metal due to the complete consumption of the additive materials, which is necessary to repair the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Therefore, it is suggested that a larger ratio (>15 wt %) of the SEI former should be employed to achieve effective lithium stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheung Su
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xianyang Wu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - María Victoria Bracamonte
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Enrique Gaviola Institute of Physics (IFEG), Faculty of Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics and Computing, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
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45
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Liu R, Lai X, Xue J, Chen H, Xie L, Qiu Y, Yin W. Anionic Anchoring Enhanced Quasi Solid Composite Polymer Electrolytes for High Performance Lithium Metal Battery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4716. [PMID: 38139967 PMCID: PMC10748324 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, ZIF-8 inorganic particles with different sized reinforced poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) solid composite polymer electrolytes (PVDF-HFP/10%ZIF-8) were prepared via a facile blade-coating approach, and free-standing quasi solid-state composite electrolytes (PVDF-HFP/10%ZIF-8(0.6)/Plasticizer, abbreviated as PH/10%ZIF-8(0.6)/P), were further obtained through the introduction of plasticizer. Optimized PH/10%ZIF-8(0.6)/P exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 2.8 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 30 °C, and superior Li+ transfer number of 0.89 with an ultrathin thickness (26 µm). Therefore, PH/10%ZIF-8(0.6)/P could effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, and the assembled Li/LiFePO4 cell delivered good cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 89.1% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (W.Y.)
| | | | | | | | - Lijun Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China; (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (W.Y.)
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46
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Carballo KV, Wang X, Benamara M, Meng X. Effects of cathode loadings and anode protection on the performance of lithium metal batteries. Nanotechnology 2023; 35:075401. [PMID: 37972394 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0d25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching their energy limits, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are undergoing intensive investigation for higher energy density. Coupling LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2(NMC811) cathode with lithium (Li) metal anode, the resultant Li||NMC811 LMBs are among the most promising technologies for future transportation electrification, which have the potential to realize an energy density two times higher than that of state-of-the-art LIBs. To maximize their energy density, the Li||NMC811 LMBs are preferred to have their cathode loading as high as possible while their Li anode as thin as possible. To this end, we investigated the effects of different cathode active material loadings (2-14 mg cm-2) on the performance of the Li||NMC811 LMBs. Our study revealed that the cathode loadings have remarkably affected the cell performance, in terms of capacity retention and sustainable capacity. Cells with high cathode loadings are more liable to fade in capacity, due to more severe formation of the CEI and more sluggish ion transport. In this study, we also verified that the protection of the Li anode is significant for achieving better cell performance. In this regard, our newly developed Li-containing glycerol (LiGL) via molecular layer deposition (MLD) is promising to help boost the cell performance, which was controllably deposited on the Li anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Velasquez Carballo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Mourad Benamara
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
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47
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Bao J, Song X, Tian F, Shi H, Liang S, Wang S, Zeng M, Xue Y, Hong C, Xu Z. Biomass Separators as a "Lifesaver" for Safe and Long-Life Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302236. [PMID: 37705492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle of polysulfides in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have hindered their development. In LMBs, the cathode and anode are separated by a separator, although this does not solve the battery's issues. The use of biomass materials is widespread for modifying the separator due to their porous structure and abundant functional groups. LMBs perform more electrochemically when lithium ions are deposited uniformly and polysulfide shuttling is reduced using biomass separators. In this review, we analyze the growth of lithium dendrite and the shuttle of polysulfide in LMBs, summarize the types of biomass separator materials and the mechanisms of action (providing mechanical barriers, promoting uniform deposition of metal ions, capturing polysulfides, shielding polysulfide). The prospect of developing new separator materials from the perspective of regulating ion transport and physical sieving efficiency as well as the application of advanced technologies such as synchrotron radiation to characterize the mechanism of action of biomass separators is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Tianjin Kinfa Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Haiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Shuaitong Liang
- International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles of Henan Province, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yanling Xue
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Chunxia Hong
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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48
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Guo Q, Luo R, Tang Z, Li X, Feng X, Ding Z, Gao B, Zhang X, Huo K, Zheng Y. Bidirectional Interphase Modulation of Phosphate Electrolyte Enables Intrinsic Safety and Superior Stability for High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37992278 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing advanced high voltage lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) with superior stability and intrinsic safety is of great significance for practical applications. However, the easy flammability of conventional carbonate solvents and inferior compatibility of commercial electrolytes for both highly reactive Li anodes and high-voltage cathodes severely hinder the implementation process. Hence, we rationally designed an intrinsically nonflammable and low-cost phosphate electrolyte toward stable high-voltage LMBs by bidirectionally modulating the interphases. Benefiting from the synergistic regulation of LiNO3 and DME dual-additives in the 1.5 M LiTFSI/Triethyl phosphate electrolyte, thin, dense and robust electrodes/electrolyte interphases were well constructed simultaneously on the surfaces of Li anode and Ni-rich cathode, dramatically improving the stability and compatibility between electrodes and electrolyte. Consequently, boosted kinetic and high Coulombic efficiency of 98.6% for Li metal plating/stripping over 400 cycles and superior cycling stability of exceeding 4,000 h in Li symmetric cell is achieved. More importantly, the Li∥LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cell assembled with a thin Li anode and high mass-loading cathode at a high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V retains a 98.4% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C. This work affords a promising strategy to develop nonflammable electrolytes enabling the high safety, good cyclability, and low cost of high-energy LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Rongjie Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Zihuan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Biao Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Kaifu Huo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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49
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Liu Y, Wang J, Rong S, Zhao K, He K, Cheng S, Sun Y, Xiang H. Multifunctional Acetamide Additive Combined with LiNO 3 Co-Assists Low-Concentration Electrolyte Interfacial Stability for Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:53405-53416. [PMID: 37937447 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are expected to upgrade their energy density to meet the growing battery market demand; however, intractable lithium dendrites and prominent electrode-electrolyte interface problems have been the stumbling block to their practical applications. Electrolytes play a crucial role in LMBs and are directly involved in the establishment of the electrode-electrolyte interface. In particular, low-concentration electrolytes (LCEs) can significantly save electrolyte costs, but the interface issue is more noteworthy. Here, multifunctional acetamide (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide, MTA) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) additives were introduced together to enhance the performance of LMBs in LCEs. The MTA additive effectively removes the trace water and corrosive HF from the electrolyte, thus suppressing lithium salt decomposition and enhancing the stability of LCEs. Moreover, the MTA additive can construct an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the cathode/anode surface to protect the electrode. Especially, MTA can cooperate with LiNO3 additive to suppress lithium dendrites and reduce interfacial impedance, thus effectively enhancing lithium metal anode stability. Benefiting from the introduction of MTA and LiNO3 additives in the LCEs, the Li||NMC811 metal battery still has a capacity of 110 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles at room temperature, while the reference batteries have failed. The rate capacity and high temperature (50 °C) performance of the Li||NCM811 batteries have also been significantly improved. Significantly, this research explores a cost-effective method of using multifunctional additives to enhance LMBs' stability in LCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Shengge Rong
- Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng He
- Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hongfa Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
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50
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Zhao G, Luo C, Wu B, Zhang M, Wang H, Hua Q. Low-Temperature In Situ Lithiation Construction of a Lithiophilic Particle-Selective Interlayer for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:50508-50521. [PMID: 37870285 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected interface resistance and lithium dendrite puncture hinder the application of garnet-type solid-state electrolytes in high-energy-density systems. Different from the previous high-temperature (>180 °C) molten lithium that promotes the alloying reaction between the coating layer and Li to enhance the interface contact, herein, we introduce liquid-metal-like SbCl3 to construct a three-dimensional Li+ directional-selection interlayer by in situ low-temperature lithiation (80 °C). An interlayer with a more negative interface energy composed of SbLi3 and LiCl exhibits a superior affinity with Li and LGLZO, which reduces the interface resistance and suppresses the growth of Li dendrites by an insulated electron. The introduction of the SbCl3 modification layer into Li/Li symmetric cells enables charge/discharge at a current density of 6.0 mA cm-2 and operation for more than 1000 h under 2.0 mA cm-2 at room temperature. The full cells with the LiFePO4 cathode exhibit a high residual capacity of 144.8 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C after 1000 cycles and excellent cycling stability with a retention ratio of 94.7% at 1 C after 600 cycles. The low-temperature lithiation method based on an energy-saving perspective should be applied to other types of solid-state electrolyte modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changwei Luo
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Firmvolt Technology Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | | | - Haoqi Wang
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingsong Hua
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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