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Liu Y, Xu Z, Shi J, Zhang Y, Yang S, Chen Q, Song C, Geng S, Li Q, Li J, Xu GL, Xie W, Lin H, Li X. DNA methyltransferases are complementary in maintaining DNA methylation in embryonic stem cells. iScience 2022; 25:105003. [PMID: 36117996 PMCID: PMC9478929 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFP57 and ZFP445 maintain genomic imprinting in mouse embryos. We found DNA methylation was lost at most examined imprinting control regions (ICRs) in mouse Zfp57 mutant ES cells, which could not be prevented by the elimination of three TET proteins. To elucidate methylation maintenance mechanisms, we generated mutant ES clones lacking three major DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Intriguingly, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were essential for DNA methylation at a subset of ICRs in mouse ES cells although DNMT1 maintained DNA methylation at most known ICRs. These were similarly observed after extended culture. Germline-derived DNA methylation was lost at the examined ICRs lacking DNMTs according to allelic analysis. Similar to DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were required for maintaining DNA methylation at repeats, genic regions, and other genomic sequences. Therefore, three DNA methyltransferases play complementary roles in maintaining DNA methylation in mouse ES cells including DNA methylation at the ICRs primarily mediated through the ZFP57-dependent pathway. ZFP57 maintains DNA methylation at the ICR of most imprinted regions in ES cells TET proteins may not be essential for maintaining most ICR DNA methylation in ES cells DNMT3 is required for the maintenance of DNA methylation at a subset of ICRs in ES cells Maintenance functions of DNMT1 and DNMT3 are complementary at repeats and genic regions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiajia Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chenglin Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuhui Geng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haodong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiajun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Genome Editing Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Corresponding author
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Cieśla J, Tomsia M. Cadaveric Stem Cells: Their Research Potential and Limitations. Front Genet 2022; 12:798161. [PMID: 35003228 PMCID: PMC8727551 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.798161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of growing interest in stem cells, the availability of donors for transplantation has become a problem. The isolation of embryonic and fetal cells raises ethical controversies, and the number of adult donors is deficient. Stem cells isolated from deceased donors, known as cadaveric stem cells (CaSCs), may alleviate this problem. So far, it was possible to isolate from deceased donors mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipose delivered stem cells (ADSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Recent studies have shown that it is possible to collect and use CaSCs from cadavers, even these with an extended postmortem interval (PMI) provided proper storage conditions (like cadaver heparinization or liquid nitrogen storage) are maintained. The presented review summarizes the latest research on CaSCs and their current therapeutic applications. It describes the developments in thanatotranscriptome and scaffolding for cadaver cells, summarizes their potential applications in regenerative medicine, and lists their limitations, such as donor’s unknown medical condition in criminal cases, limited differentiation potential, higher risk of carcinogenesis, or changing DNA quality. Finally, the review underlines the need to develop procedures determining the safe CaSCs harvesting and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cieśla
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Tomsia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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González-Martínez J, Malumbres M. Expanding the Differentiation Potential of Already-Established Pluripotent Stem Cells. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2454:95-107. [PMID: 34128208 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have proven to be an essential tool in many research fields including basic cell biology, development, or human disease. In addition, we are only starting to see their potential in regenerative medicine. Manipulation and culture of PSCs, however, imposes limitations in the quality of these cells and their ability to differentiate into functional cells with physiological function. Here we propose a novel and simple technique based on the transient expression of a single microRNA molecule to expand the differentiation potency of a wide range of PSCs including induced PSCs (iPSCs) as well as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This method requires no genetic modification of PSCs and achieves stable improvement of the differentiation potential of these cells through several cell passages both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- José González-Martínez
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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