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Ju S, Kim H, Kwak H, Kang C, Jung I, Oh S, Lee SG, Kim J, Park HJ, Lee KT. Dielectric light-trapping nanostructure for enhanced light absorption in organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20649. [PMID: 38001140 PMCID: PMC10673921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric scatterers where Mie resonances can be excited in both electric and magnetic modes have emerged as a promising candidate for efficient light trapping (LT) in thin-film solar cells. We present that light absorption in organic solar cells (OSCs) can be significantly enhanced by a front-sided incorporation of a core-shell nanostructure consisting of a high-refractive-index dielectric nanosphere array conformally coated with a low-refractive-index dielectric layer. Strong forward light scattering of the all-dielectric LT structure enables the absorption in an organic semiconductor to be remarkably boosted over a broad range of wavelengths, which is attributed to interference of a simultaneous excitation of the electric and magnetic dipole resonant modes. The OSC with the LT structure shows the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.23 mA/cm2, which is 10% higher than that of a flat OSC. We also explore how the LT structure affects scattering cross-sections, spectral multipole resonances, and far-field radiation patterns. The approach described in this work could offer the possibility for the improvement of characteristic performances of various applications, such as other thin-film solar cells, photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, and absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongcheol Ju
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Kwak
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhun Kang
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Jung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Oh
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gol Lee
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Joon Park
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Leuchs G, Andrianov AV, Anashkina EA, Manshina AA, Banzer P, Sondermann M. Extreme Concentration and Nanoscale Interaction of Light. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1842-1851. [PMID: 35726245 PMCID: PMC9204814 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating light strongly calls for appropriate polarization patterns of the focused light beam and for up to a full 4π solid angle geometry. Focusing on the extreme requires efficient coupling to nanostructures of one kind or another via cylindrical vector beams having such patterns, the details of which depend on the geometry and property of the respective nanostructure. Cylindrical vector beams can not only be used to study a nanostructure, but also vice versa. Closely related is the discussion of topics such as the ultimate diffraction limit, a resonant field enhancement near nanoscopic absorbers, as well as speculations about nonresonant field enhancement, which, if it exists, might be relevant to pair production in vacuum. These cases do require further rigorous simulations and more decisive experiments. While there is a wide diversity of scenarios, there are also conceptually very different models offering helpful intuitive pictures despite this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Leuchs
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Andrianov
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena A. Anashkina
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky
State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alina A. Manshina
- Institute
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii prospect, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Peter Banzer
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Sondermann
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Physics, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Summa FF, Monaco G, Zanasi R, Lazzeretti P. Dynamic Toroidisability as Ubiquitous Property of Atoms and Molecules in Optical Electric Fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno Department of Chemistry and Biology, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- University of Salerno Department of Chemistry and Biology, Italy
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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zheng H, Linares AE, Ugwu FC, Li D, Sun HB, Bai B, Valentine JG. Reconfigurable Metasurface for Image Processing. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8715-8722. [PMID: 34643401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical Fourier transform-based processing is an attractive technique due to the fast processing times and large-data rates. Furthermore, it has recently been demonstrated that certain Fourier-based processors can be realized in compact form factors using flat optics. The flat optics, however, have been demonstrated as static filters where the operator is fixed, limiting the applicability of the approach. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable metasurface that can be dynamically tuned to provide a range of processing modalities including bright-field imaging, low-pass and high-pass filtering, and second-order differentiation. The dynamically tunable metasurface can be directly combined with standard coherent imaging systems and operates with a numerical aperture up to 0.25 and over a 60 nm bandwidth. The ability to dynamically control light in the wave vector domain, while doing so in a compact form factor, may open new doors to applications in microscopy, machine vision, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - You Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Hanyu Zheng
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Alberto Esteban Linares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Fabian Chibuzor Ugwu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Benfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jason G Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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5
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Lazzeretti P. Static and optical anapole magnetizabilities and polarizabilities. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0019937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Panov AV. Optical Kerr nonlinearity of arrays of all-dielectric high-index nanodisks in the vicinity of the anapole state. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3071-3074. [PMID: 32479462 DOI: 10.1364/ol.391991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical properties of the high-index nanoparticles are boosted at the anapole state. Researchers intensively study this phenomenon as being promising for various applications. In this Letter, the nonlinear optical Kerr effect of disordered and square lattice metasurfaces of GaP nanodisks is investigated as a function of the disk size in the vicinity of the anapole state at the wavelength of 532 nm. When the sizes of the nanodisks are close to the anapole state, the effective second-order refractive index of the metasurface increases exponentially. On approaching the anapole state, the sign of the effective second-order refractive index is inverted. The absolute value of the effective nonlinear Kerr coefficient of the square lattice metasurface is higher than that of the disordered array of nanodisks. The absolute value of the effective second-order refractive index in proximity to the anapole state is an order of magnitude higher than that at non-anapole resonances of the disordered metasurfaces consisting of the nanodisks or spheres.
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Mu H, Xu W, Lv J, Xu C, Wang F, Liu Q, Liu C, Sun T, Chu PK. Dual-band directional scattering with all-dielectric trimer in the near-infrared region. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:5082-5089. [PMID: 31503829 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.005082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A silicon trimer is explored to tailor unidirectional forward scattering at multiple wavelengths in the near-infrared region with low loss using theoretical calculations and numerical simulations, which leads to the dramatic enhancement in unidirectional forward scattering and suppression of backward scattering. The higher moments in the trimer can be properly excited and balanced by breaking the symmetry of the trimer. The generalized Kerker conditions at two different wavelengths can be achieved in the trimer to further improve the scattering directivity. Our results provide insights into future development of all-dielectric low-loss nanoantennas in the near-infrared region.
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Yang Y, Bozhevolnyi SI. Nonradiating anapole states in nanophotonics: from fundamentals to applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:204001. [PMID: 30695763 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab02b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiating sources are nontrivial charge-current distributions that do not generate fields outside the source domain. The pursuit of their possible existence has fascinated several generations of physicists and triggered developments in various branches of science ranging from medical imaging to dark matter. Recently, one of the most fundamental types of nonradiating sources, named anapole states, has been realized in nanophotonics regime and soon spurred considerable research efforts and widespread interest. A series of astounding advances have been achieved within a very short period of time, uncovering the great potential of anapole states in many aspects such as lasing, sensing, metamaterials, and nonlinear optics. In this review, we provide a detailed account of anapole states in nanophotonics research, encompassing their basic concepts, historical origins, and new physical effects. We discuss the recent research frontiers in understanding and employing optical anapoles and provide an outlook for this vibrant field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Yang
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Hong J, Kim SJ, Kim I, Yun H, Mun SE, Rho J, Lee B. Plasmonic metasurface cavity for simultaneous enhancement of optical electric and magnetic fields in deep subwavelength volume. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13340-13348. [PMID: 29801359 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been hard to achieve simultaneous plasmonic enhancement of nanoscale light-matter interactions in terms of both electric and magnetic manners with easily reproducible fabrication method and systematic theoretical design rule. In this paper, a novel concept of a flat nanofocusing device is proposed for simultaneously squeezing both electric and magnetic fields in deep-subwavelength volume (~λ3/538) in a large area. Based on the funneled unit cell structures and surface plasmon-assisted coherent interactions between them, the array of rectangular nanocavity connected to a tapered nanoantenna, plasmonic metasurface cavity, is constructed by periodic arrangement of the unit cell. The average enhancement factors of electric and magnetic field intensities reach about 60 and 22 in nanocavities, respectively. The proposed outstanding performance of the device is verified numerically and experimentally. We expect that this work would expand methodologies involving optical near-field manipulations in large areas and related potential applications including nanophotonic sensors, nonlinear responses, and quantum interactions.
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Nesterenko VO, Repko A, Kvasil J, Reinhard PG. Individual Low-Energy Toroidal Dipole State in ^{24}Mg. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:182501. [PMID: 29775348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy dipole excitations in ^{24}Mg are investigated within the Skyrme quasiparticle random phase approximation for axial nuclei. The calculations with the force SLy6 reveal a remarkable feature: the lowest I^{π}K=1^{-}1 excitation (E=7.92 MeV) in ^{24}Mg is a vortical toroidal state (TS) representing a specific vortex-antivortex realization of the well-known spherical Hill's vortex in a strongly deformed axial confinement. This is a striking example of an individual TS which can be much more easily discriminated in experiment than the toroidal dipole resonance embracing many states. The TS acquires the lowest energy due to the huge prolate axial deformation in ^{24}Mg. The result persists for different Skyrme parametrizations (SLy6, SVbas, SkM*). We analyze spectroscopic properties of the TS and its relation with the cluster structure of ^{24}Mg. Similar TSs could exist in other highly prolate light nuclei. They could serve as promising tests for various reactions to probe a vortical (toroidal) nuclear flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Nesterenko
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Repko
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics SAS, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Kvasil
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, CZ-18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P-G Reinhard
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Universität Erlangen, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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