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Trilling CR, Weng JH, Sharma PK, Nolte V, Wu J, Ma W, Boassa D, Taylor SS, Herberg FW. RedOx regulation of LRRK2 kinase activity by active site cysteines. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:75. [PMID: 38570484 PMCID: PMC10991482 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the human leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been associated with both, idiopathic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Most of these pathogenic mutations are located in the kinase domain (KD) or GTPase domain of LRRK2. In this study we describe a mechanism in which protein kinase activity can be modulated by reversible oxidation or reduction, involving a unique pair of adjacent cysteines, the "CC" motif. Among all human protein kinases, only LRRK2 contains this "CC" motif (C2024 and C2025) in the Activation Segment (AS) of the kinase domain. In an approach combining site-directed mutagenesis, biochemical analyses, cell-based assays, and Gaussian accelerated Molecular Dynamics (GaMD) simulations we could attribute a role for each of those cysteines. We employed reducing and oxidizing agents with potential clinical relevance to investigate effects on kinase activity and microtubule docking. We find that each cysteine gives a distinct contribution: the first cysteine, C2024, is essential for LRRK2 protein kinase activity, while the adjacent cysteine, C2025, contributes significantly to redox sensitivity. Implementing thiolates (R-S-) in GaMD simulations allowed us to analyse how each of the cysteines in the "CC" motif interacts with its surrounding residues depending on its oxidation state. From our studies we conclude that oxidizing agents can downregulate kinase activity of hyperactive LRRK2 PD mutations and may provide promising tools for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jui-Hung Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Viktoria Nolte
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Daniela Boassa
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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2
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Miranda KM, Ridnour LA, Cheng RYS, Wink DA, Thomas DD. The Chemical Biology of NO that Regulates Oncogenic Signaling and Metabolism: NOS2 and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:27-45. [PMID: 37824385 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023047302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and the enzyme that synthesizes it, nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), have emerged as key players in inflammation and cancer. Expression of NOS2 in tumors has been correlated both with positive outcomes and with poor prognoses. The chemistry of NO is the major determinate to the biological outcome and the concentration of NO, which can range over five orders of magnitude, is critical in determining which pathways are activated. It is the activation of specific oncogenic and immunological mechanisms that shape the outcome. The kinetics of specific reactions determine the mechanisms of action. In this review, the relevant reactions of NO and related species are discussed with respect to these oncogenic and immunological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert Y S Cheng
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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3
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Aminzai S, Hu T, Pilz RB, Casteel DE. PKGIα is activated by metal-dependent oxidation in vitro but not in intact cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102175. [PMID: 35752367 PMCID: PMC9293632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGIs) are important components of various signaling pathways, and are canonically activated by nitric oxide- and natriuretic peptide-induced cGMP generation. However, some reports have shown that PKGIα can also be activated in vitro by oxidizing agents. Using in vitro kinase assays, here we found that purified PKGIα stored in phosphate-buffered saline with Flag peptide became oxidized and activated even in the absence of oxidizing agent; furthermore, once established, this activation could not be reversed by reduction with dithiothreitol. We demonstrate that activation was enhanced by addition of Cu2+ before storage, indicating it was driven by oxidation and mediated by trace metals present during storage. Previous reports suggested that PKGIα Cys43, Cys118, and Cys196 play key roles in oxidation-induced kinase activation; we show that activation was reduced by C118A or C196V mutations, although C43S PKGIα activation was not reduced. In contrast, under the same conditions, purified PKGIβ activity only slightly increased with storage. Using PKGIα/PKGIβ chimeras, we found that residues throughout the PKGIα-specific autoinhibitory loop were responsible for this activation. To explore whether oxidants activate PKGIα in H9c2 and C2C12 cells, we monitored vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation downstream of PKGIα. While we observed PKGIα Cys43 crosslinking in response to H2O2 (indicating an oxidizing environment in the cells), we were unable to detect increased VASP phosphorylation under these conditions. Taken together, we conclude that while PKGIα can be readily activated by oxidation in vitro, there is currently no direct evidence of oxidation-induced PKGIα activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Aminzai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tingfei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Darren E Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
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Kamynina A, Guttzeit S, Eaton P, Cuello F. Nitroxyl Donor CXL-1020 Lowers Blood Pressure by Targeting C195 in Cyclic Guanosine-3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase I. Hypertension 2022; 79:946-956. [PMID: 35168371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that nitroxyl causes vasodilation, at least in part, by inducing the formation of an intradisulfide bond between C117 and C195 in the high affinity cyclic guanosine monophosphate-binding site of PKGI (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase I). The aim of this study was to determine whether nitroxyl donors lower blood pressure via this novel PKGI activation mechanism in vivo. METHODS To determine this, a C195S PKGI knock-in mouse model was generated that ubiquitously and constitutively expresses a mutant kinase resistant to nitroxyl-induced intradisulfide activation. RESULTS Knock-in and wild-type littermates did not differ in appearance, body weight, in PKGI protein expression or blood gas content. Organ weight was similar between genotypes apart from the cecum that was significantly enlarged in knock-in animals. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate monitored in vivo over 24 hours by radio-telemetry revealed neither a significant difference between genotypes at baseline nor during angiotensin II-induced hypertension or sepsis. CXL-1020, a clinically relevant nitroxyl donor, did not lower blood pressure in normotensive animals. In contrast, administering CXL-1020 to hypertensive wild-type mice reduced their blood pressure by 10±4 mm Hg (P=0.0184), whereas the knock-in littermates were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation of C195 in PKGI contributes to the antihypertensive effects observed in response to nitroxyl donors, emphasising the potential importance of nitroxyl donors in pathological scenarios when cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels are reduced and insufficient to activate PKGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kamynina
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.K., S.G., P.E.)
| | - Sebastian Guttzeit
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.K., S.G., P.E.)
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.K., S.G., P.E.)
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (F.C.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (F.C.)
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5
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Schröder K. PKG, CXL, and HNO. Relax! Hypertension 2022; 79:957-959. [PMID: 35417224 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Vascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Germany
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Khamina M, Martinez Pomier K, Akimoto M, VanSchouwen B, Melacini G. Non-Canonical Allostery in Cyclic Nucleotide Dependent Kinases. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Muniz Carvalho E, Silva Sousa EH, Bernardes‐Génisson V, Gonzaga de França Lopes L. When NO
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Is not Enough: Chemical Systems, Advances and Challenges in the Development of NO
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and HNO Donors for Old and Current Medical Issues. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edinilton Muniz Carvalho
- Bioinorganic Group Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Center of Sciences Federal University of Ceará Pici Campus Fortaleza 60455-760 Brazil
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC UPR 8241 205 Route de Narbonne, 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9 France
| | - Eduardo Henrique Silva Sousa
- Bioinorganic Group Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Center of Sciences Federal University of Ceará Pici Campus Fortaleza 60455-760 Brazil
| | - Vania Bernardes‐Génisson
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC UPR 8241 205 Route de Narbonne, 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9 France
| | - Luiz Gonzaga de França Lopes
- Bioinorganic Group Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Center of Sciences Federal University of Ceará Pici Campus Fortaleza 60455-760 Brazil
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8
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Regulation of Cardiac PKA Signaling by cAMP and Oxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050663. [PMID: 33923287 PMCID: PMC8146537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologies, such as cancer, inflammatory and cardiac diseases are commonly associated with long-term increased production and release of reactive oxygen species referred to as oxidative stress. Thereby, protein oxidation conveys protein dysfunction and contributes to disease progression. Importantly, trials to scavenge oxidants by systemic antioxidant therapy failed. This observation supports the notion that oxidants are indispensable physiological signaling molecules that induce oxidative post-translational modifications in target proteins. In cardiac myocytes, the main driver of cardiac contractility is the activation of the β-adrenoceptor-signaling cascade leading to increased cellular cAMP production and activation of its main effector, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA-mediated phosphorylation of substrate proteins that are involved in excitation-contraction coupling are responsible for the observed positive inotropic and lusitropic effects. PKA-actions are counteracted by cellular protein phosphatases (PP) that dephosphorylate substrate proteins and thus allow the termination of PKA-signaling. Both, kinase and phosphatase are redox-sensitive and susceptible to oxidation on critical cysteine residues. Thereby, oxidation of the regulatory PKA and PP subunits is considered to regulate subcellular kinase and phosphatase localization, while intradisulfide formation of the catalytic subunits negatively impacts on catalytic activity with direct consequences on substrate (de)phosphorylation and cardiac contractile function. This review article attempts to incorporate the current perception of the functionally relevant regulation of cardiac contractility by classical cAMP-dependent signaling with the contribution of oxidant modification.
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9
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Feil R, Lehners M, Stehle D, Feil S. Visualising and understanding cGMP signals in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2394-2412. [PMID: 33880767 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP is an important signalling molecule in humans. Fluorescent cGMP biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for the sensitive analysis of cGMP pathways at the single-cell level. Here, we briefly outline cGMP's multifaceted role in (patho)physiology and pharmacotherapy. Then we summarise what new insights cGMP imaging has provided into endogenous cGMP signalling and drug action, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. Indeed, the use of cGMP biosensors has led to several conceptual advances, such as the discovery of local, intercellular and mechanosensitive cGMP signals. Importantly, single-cell imaging can provide valuable information about the heterogeneity of cGMP signals within and between individual cells of an isolated cell population or tissue. We also discuss current challenges and future directions of cGMP imaging, such as the direct visualisation of cGMP microdomains, simultaneous monitoring of cGMP and other signalling molecules and, ultimately, cGMP imaging in tissues and animals under close-to-native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Lehners
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Stehle
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger, which critically regulates cardiac pump function and protects from the development of cardiac hypertrophy by acting in various subcellular microdomains. Although clinical studies testing the potential of cGMP elevating drugs in patients suffering from cardiac disease showed promising results, deeper insight into the local actions of these drugs at the subcellular level are indispensable to inspire novel therapeutic strategies. Detailed information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of cGMP production and degradation can be provided by the use of fluorescent biosensors that are capable of monitoring this second messenger at different locations inside the cell with high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, we will summarize how these emerging new tools have improved our understanding of cardiac cGMP signaling in health and disease, and attempt to anticipate future challenges in the field.
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11
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Feelisch M, Akaike T, Griffiths K, Ida T, Prysyazhna O, Goodwin JJ, Gollop ND, Fernandez BO, Minnion M, Cortese-Krott MM, Borgognone A, Hayes RM, Eaton P, Frenneaux MP, Madhani M. Long-lasting blood pressure lowering effects of nitrite are NO-independent and mediated by hydrogen peroxide, persulfides, and oxidation of protein kinase G1α redox signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:51-62. [PMID: 31372656 PMCID: PMC6918062 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Under hypoxic conditions, nitrite (NO2-) can be reduced to nitric oxide (NO) eliciting vasorelaxation. However, nitrite also exerts vasorelaxant effects of potential therapeutic relevance under normal physiological conditions via undetermined mechanisms. We, therefore, sought to investigate the mechanism(s) by which nitrite regulates the vascular system in normoxia and, specifically, whether the biological effects are a result of NO generation (as in hypoxia) or mediated via alternative mechanisms involving classical downstream targets of NO [e.g. effects on protein kinase G1α (PKG1α)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo myography revealed that, unlike in thoracic aorta (conduit vessels), the vasorelaxant effects of nitrite in mesenteric resistance vessels from wild-type (WT) mice were NO-independent. Oxidants such as H2O2 promote disulfide formation of PKG1α, resulting in NO- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) independent kinase activation. To explore whether the microvascular effects of nitrite were associated with PKG1α oxidation, we used a Cys42Ser PKG1α knock-in (C42S PKG1α KI; 'redox-dead') mouse that cannot transduce oxidant signals. Resistance vessels from these C42S PKG1α KI mice were markedly less responsive to nitrite-induced vasodilation. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) bolus application of nitrite in conscious WT mice induced a rapid yet transient increase in plasma nitrite and cGMP concentrations followed by prolonged hypotensive effects, as assessed using in vivo telemetry. In the C42S PKG1α KI mice, the blood pressure lowering effects of nitrite were lower compared to WT. Increased H2O2 concentrations were detected in WT resistance vessel tissue challenged with nitrite. Consistent with this, increased cysteine and glutathione persulfide levels were detected in these vessels by mass spectrometry, matching the temporal profile of nitrite's effects on H2O2 and blood pressure. CONCLUSION Under physiological conditions, nitrite induces a delayed and long-lasting blood pressure lowering effect, which is NO-independent and occurs via a new redox mechanism involving H2O2, persulfides, and PKG1α oxidation/activation. Targeting this novel pathway may provide new prospects for anti-hypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- King's College of London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanna J Goodwin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas D Gollop
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Alessandra Borgognone
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rosie M Hayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College of London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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12
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Ju Y, Wang A, Li X, Xu X, Lu J. A caged 2-hydroxyethyl luciferin for bioluminescence imaging of nitroxyl in living cells. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1384-1390. [PMID: 32542844 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), a one-electron reduction product of nitric oxide, demonstrates distinct biological and pharmacological activities. Here we designed a bioluminescent turn-on probe, HNO-8, that could be used to visualize HNO without the need for excitation light. HNO-8 was prepared by caging 2-hydroxyethyl luciferin with a triphenylphosphine unit, in which 2-hydroxyethyl luciferin as a novel substrate of firefly luciferase was characterized by stronger and more sustained bioluminescent signals than the most popular substrates of d-luciferin and 6'-aminoluciferin. In vitro experiments showed that HNO-8 could selectively respond to HNO generated from Angeli's salt(AS) in the range 1-50 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.196 μM. The probe was successfully applied for visualizing HNO in luciferase-transfected Huh7 cancer cells. We envision that HNO-8 could be used as a powerful bioluminescent sensor for researching HNO biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ju
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
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13
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Gastreich-Seelig M, Jimenez M, Pouokam E. Mechanisms Associated to Nitroxyl (HNO)-Induced Relaxation in the Intestinal Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32581821 PMCID: PMC7283591 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of nitroxyl (HNO) donors in the gastrointestinal tract are unknown. We investigated the properties of this molecule in the regulation of gastrointestinal contractility focusing on its possible interaction with other gaseous signaling molecules such as NO and H2S. Organ bath, Ca2+ imaging, and microelectrode recordings were performed on rat intestinal samples, using Angeli’s salt as HNO donor. Angeli’s salt caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of longitudinal or circular muscle strips of the ileum and the proximal colon. This relaxation was strongly inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM), by the reducing agent DTT or by the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) ODQ (10 μM) alone or in combination with the inhibitors of the endogenous synthesis of H2S β-cyano-L-alanine (5 mM) and amino-oxyacetate (5 mM). Preventing endogenous synthesis of NO by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (200 μM) did not affect the relaxation induced by HNO. HNO induced an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in colonic myocytes. It also elicited myocyte membrane hyperpolarization that amounted to −10.6 ± 1.1 mV. ODQ (10 μM) and Apamin (1 μM), a selective inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKca), strongly antagonized this effect. We conclude that HNO relaxes the gastrointestinal tract musculature by hyperpolarizing myocytes via activation of the sGC/cGMP pathway similarly to NO, not only inhibiting the RhoK and activating MLCP as do both NO and H2S but also increasing cytosolic Ca2+ for activation of SKCa contributing to hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Gastreich-Seelig
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ervice Pouokam
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Friebe A, Sandner P, Schmidtko A. cGMP: a unique 2nd messenger molecule - recent developments in cGMP research and development. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:287-302. [PMID: 31853617 PMCID: PMC7260148 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a unique second messenger molecule formed in different cell types and tissues. cGMP targets a variety of downstream effector molecules and, thus, elicits a very broad variety of cellular effects. Its production is triggered by stimulation of either soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) or particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC); both enzymes exist in different isoforms. cGMP-induced effects are regulated by endogenous receptor ligands such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Depending on the distribution of sGC and pGC and the formation of ligands, this pathway regulates not only the cardiovascular system but also the kidney, lung, liver, and brain function; in addition, the cGMP pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, inflammation, or neurodegeneration and may also play a role in infectious diseases such as malaria. Moreover, new pharmacological approaches are being developed which target sGC- and pGC-dependent pathways for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, it is of key interest to understand this pathway from scratch, beginning with the molecular basis of cGMP generation, the structure and function of both guanylyl cyclases and cGMP downstream targets; research efforts also focus on the subsequent signaling cascades, their potential crosstalk, and also the translational and, ultimately, the clinical implications of cGMP modulation. This review tries to summarize the contributions to the "9th International cGMP Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications" held in Mainz in 2019. Presented data will be discussed and extended also in light of recent landmark findings and ongoing activities in the field of preclinical and clinical cGMP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Friebe
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Prysyazhna O, Wolhuter K, Switzer C, Santos C, Yang X, Lynham S, Shah AM, Eaton P, Burgoyne JR. Blood Pressure-Lowering by the Antioxidant Resveratrol Is Counterintuitively Mediated by Oxidation of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase. Circulation 2019; 140:126-137. [PMID: 31116951 PMCID: PMC6635045 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.037398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The health-promoting and disease-limiting abilities of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has led to considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms of its therapeutic actions. The polyphenolic rings of resveratrol enable it to react with and detoxify otherwise injurious oxidants. Whilst the protective actions of resveratrol are commonly ascribed to its antioxidant activity, here we show that this is a misconception. Methods: The ability of resveratrol to oxidize cGMP-dependent PKG1α (protein kinase 1α) was assessed in isolated rat aortic smooth muscle cells, and the mechanism of action of this polyphenol was characterized using in vitro experiments, mass spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. The blood pressure of wild-type and C42S knock-in mice was assessed using implanted telemetry probes. Mice were made hypertensive by administration of angiotensin II via osmotic mini-pumps and blood pressure monitored during 15 days of feeding with chow diet containing vehicle or resveratrol. Results: Oxidation of the phenolic rings of resveratrol paradoxically leads to oxidative modification of proteins, explained by formation of a reactive quinone that oxidizes the thiolate side chain of cysteine residues; events that were enhanced in cells under oxidative stress. Consistent with these observations and its ability to induce vasodilation, resveratrol induced oxidative activation of PKG1α and lowered blood pressure in hypertensive wild-type mice, but not C42S PKG1α knock-in mice that are resistant to disulfide activation. Conclusions: Resveratrol mediates lowering of blood pressure by paradoxically inducing protein oxidation, especially during times of oxidative stress, a mechanism that may be a common feature of antioxidant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, UK (O.P., K.W., C. Switzer., P.E., J.R.B.)
| | - Kathryn Wolhuter
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, UK (O.P., K.W., C. Switzer., P.E., J.R.B.)
| | - Christopher Switzer
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, UK (O.P., K.W., C. Switzer., P.E., J.R.B.)
| | - Celio Santos
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The James Black Centre, Denmark Hill Campus, UK (C. Santos., A.M.S.)
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- King's College London, Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, The James Black Centre, Denmark Hill Campus, UK (X.Y., S.L.)
| | - Steven Lynham
- King's College London, Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, The James Black Centre, Denmark Hill Campus, UK (X.Y., S.L.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The James Black Centre, Denmark Hill Campus, UK (C. Santos., A.M.S.)
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, UK (O.P., K.W., C. Switzer., P.E., J.R.B.)
| | - Joseph R Burgoyne
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, UK (O.P., K.W., C. Switzer., P.E., J.R.B.)
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Cuello F, Eaton P. Cysteine-Based Redox Sensing and Its Role in Signaling by Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Kinases in the Cardiovascular System. Annu Rev Physiol 2018; 81:63-87. [PMID: 30216743 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidant molecules are produced in biological systems and historically have been considered causal mediators of damage and disease. While oxidants may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease, evidence continues to emerge that shows these species also play important regulatory roles in health. A major mechanism of oxidant sensing and signaling involves their reaction with reactive cysteine thiols within proteins, inducing oxidative posttranslational modifications that can couple to altered function to enable homeostatic regulation. Protein kinase A and protein kinase G are regulated by oxidants in this way, and this review focuses on our molecular-level understanding of these events and their role in regulating cardiovascular physiology during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cuello
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom;
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Cuello F, Wittig I, Lorenz K, Eaton P. Oxidation of cardiac myofilament proteins: Priming for dysfunction? Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:47-58. [PMID: 30130564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidants are produced endogenously and can react with and thereby post-translationally modify target proteins. They have been implicated in the redox regulation of signal transduction pathways conferring protection, but also in mediating oxidative stress and causing damage. The difference is that in scenarios of injury the amount of oxidants generated is higher and/or the duration of oxidant exposure sustained. In the cardiovascular system, oxidants are important for blood pressure homeostasis, for unperturbed cardiac function and also contribute to the observed protection during ischemic preconditioning. In contrast, oxidative stress accompanies all major cardiovascular pathologies and has been attributed to mediate contractile dysfunction in part by inducing oxidative modifications in myofilament proteins. However, the proportion to which oxidative modifications of contractile proteins are beneficial or causatively mediate disease progression needs to be carefully reconsidered. These antithetical aspects will be discussed in this review with special focus on direct oxidative post-translational modifications of myofilament proteins that have been described to occur in vivo and to regulate actin-myosin interactions in the cardiac myocyte sarcomere, the methodologies for detection of oxidative post-translational modifications in target proteins and the feasibility of antioxidant therapy strategies as a potential treatment for cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. Dortmund, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, UK
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