1
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Griffiths K, Ida T, Morita M, Lamb RJ, Lee JJ, Frenneaux MP, Fukuto JM, Akaike T, Feelisch M, Madhani M. Cysteine hydropersulfide reduces lipid peroxidation and protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury - Are endogenous persulfides mediators of ischaemic preconditioning? Redox Biol 2023; 60:102605. [PMID: 36657187 PMCID: PMC9860408 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies revealed the presence of cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) and related polysulfide species in various mammalian tissues. CysSSH has both antioxidant and oxidant properties, modulates redox-dependent signal transduction and has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress. However, its functional relevance in the setting of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to (1) study the dynamics of production and consumption of persulfides under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in the heart, and (2) determine whether exogenous administration of the CysSSH donor, cysteine trisulfide (Cys-SSS-Cys) at the onset of reperfusion rescues functional impairment and myocardial damage by interfering with lipid peroxidation. Utilising a well-established ex vivo Langendorff murine model, we here demonstrate that endogenous tissue concentrations of CysSSH are upregulated when oxygen supply is compromised (global myocardial ischaemia) and rapidly restored to baseline levels upon reperfusion, suggestive of active regulation. In a separate set of experiments, exogenous administration of Cys-SSS-Cys for 10 min at the onset of reperfusion was found to decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts and rescue the heart from injury. Cys-SSS-Cys also restored post-ischaemic cardiac function, improving both coronary flow and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP). Taken together, these results support the notion that endogenous CysSSH plays an important role as a "redox preconditioning" agent to combat the oxidative insult in myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Reece J Lamb
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jordan J Lee
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, California, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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2
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Hundertmark M, Siu AG, Matthews V, Lewis AJ, Grist JT, Patel J, Chamberlin P, Sarwar R, Yavari A, Frenneaux MP, Valkovic L, Miller JJJJ, Neubauer S, Tyler DJ, Rider OJ. A phase 2a trial investigating ninerafaxstat – a novel cardiac mitotrope for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy (IMPROVE-DiCE). Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a significant, independent contributor to the development of heart failure (HF), driven by energetic, metabolic, structural and functional myocardial changes. The T2D heart is characterised by over-reliance on fatty acid utilisation, shows reduced glucose oxidation and inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). This results in a diminished myocardial energy reserve and blunted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation as well as cardiac steatosis, contributing to lipotoxicity, and diastolic dysfunction.
Purpose
We assessed the effects of ninerafaxstat – a novel cardiac mitotrope designed to shift myocardial substrate utilisation in favour of glucose and thus, restore myocardial energy homeostasis – on cardiac metabolism & diastolic function in patients with T2D and obesity.
Methods
In this open-label, mechanistic phase 2a trial, we enrolled 21 patients with T2D & obesity (HbA1c median 7.0% (IQR 6.6, 7.8), weight 97kg (90, 102)) and subsequently treated them with 200mg ninerafaxstat twice daily for 4 or 8 weeks; (Fig. 1). Cardiac metabolism and function were assessed pre- & post-treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 31P-, 1H- and, in a subset of n=9, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy.
Results
T2D patients at baseline presented with impaired myocardial energetics with a markedly reduced PCr/ATP (1.6 [1.4, 2.1]), myocardial steatosis (myocardial triglycerides 2.2% [1.5, 3.2]) left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LV mass 130g [98, 152]), and diastolic dysfunction (peak diastolic strain rate 0.86 1/s [0.82, 1.06]). Ninerafaxstat significantly improved myocardial energetics (PCr/ATP median by 32%, p<0.01), reduced myocardial triglyceride content (by 34%, p=0.03) and improved LV diastolic function (peak circumferential diastolic strain rate by 10%, peak LV filling rate by 11%, both p<0.05) (Fig. 2). PDH flux was increased in 7/9 subjects (mean 45%, p=0.08), consistent with improved glucose utilisation. Left ventricular volumes and mass, heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged.
Conclusions
Treatment with ninerafaxstat significantly improves myocardial energetics, reduces myocardial steatosis and improves diastolic function in patients with T2D and obesity.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Imbria Pharmaaceuticals
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hundertmark
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - A G Siu
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - V Matthews
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - A J Lewis
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - J T Grist
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - J Patel
- Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Boston , MA , United States of America
| | - P Chamberlin
- Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Boston , MA , United States of America
| | - R Sarwar
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - A Yavari
- Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Boston , MA , United States of America
| | - M P Frenneaux
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Academic Health System , Doha , Qatar
| | - L Valkovic
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - J J J J Miller
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - S Neubauer
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - D J Tyler
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - O J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research , Oxford , United Kingdom
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3
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Rudd A, Khan H, Gamble D, Stephen P, Horgan G, Dawson A, Frenneaux MP, Dawson DK. OUES from submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX) provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic cardiopulmonary function data. However, in clinical setting a maximal test is not always achievable. The Oxygen Efficiency Uptake Slope (OUES) has been proposed as a possible submaximal measure of cardiopulmonary function as it remains relatively stable during the final quartile of the exercise test. This study explored the validity of OUES as a surrogate marker for cardiopulmonary function in the event of a submaximal test.
Methods
Four groups of subjects [128 healthy controls (73 M), 44 asymptomatic hypertensive (HT) patients (26 M), 67 adult cardiac congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients (44 M) and 35 Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) (10M) patients] were recruited after informed consent. All subjects underwent clinical assessment, resting ECG, blood pressure and spirometry prior to a treadmill CPEX to volitional exhaustion and a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of at least 1.1 using the same testing protocol. Peak VO2 (ml/min) was recorded from the last 5s of the maximal test (RER=1.1) and OUES was calculated from complete (RER=1.1) and truncated (RER=0.9) gas exchange data. The linear relationships between absolute peak VO2 and OUES from complete and truncated gas exchange data were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Subsequently, the two correlations obtained in each patient group were compared. Statistical significance was set at p<0.01.
Results
Mean and 95% confidence intervals of the peak VO2 for males and females in each decile of life examined in the 4 subject groups are shown in the Figure. Peak VO2 values achieved in each of the patient groups were significantly lower when matched for age and sex compared to healthy participants (HT p=0.006, ACHD patients p<0.001 and HFpEF patients p<0.001).
In all 4 groups there was a good correlation between absolute peak VO2 and the OUES at RER 1.1 (healthy volunteers r=0.910, p<0.001, HT r=0.899, p<0.001, ACHD r=0.816, p<0.001 and HFpEF r=0.846, p<0.001). Correlations were inferior for absolute peak VO2 and OUES at RER 0.9 (healthy volunteers r=0.74, p<0.001, HT r=0.780, p<0.001, ACHD r=0.651, p<0.001 and HFpEF r=0.817, p<0.001). Correlations between absolute peak VO2 vs OUES at RER of 1.1 and 0.9 were significantly different only for healthy controls (p=0.001, Z-score = −4.649), but not for HT (p=0.05, Z-score = −1.909), ACHD (p=0.04, Z-score = −2.080) or HFpEF (p=0.7, Z-score = −0.377) patients.
Conclusion
Our data support the use of submaximal OUES at an RER of 0.9 as a surrogate marker for absolute peak VO2 obtained at an RER of 1.1, especially in patients, in whom it can often be difficult to achieve maximal exercise.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rudd
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - H Khan
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - D Gamble
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - P Stephen
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - G Horgan
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - A Dawson
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | | | - D K Dawson
- Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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4
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Nisar S, Bhat AA, Masoodi T, Hashem S, Akhtar S, Ali TA, Amjad S, Chawla S, Bagga P, Frenneaux MP, Reddy R, Fakhro K, Haris M. Genetics of glutamate and its receptors in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2380-2392. [PMID: 35296811 PMCID: PMC9135628 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment characterized by deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors that are thought to be due to altered neurotransmission processes. The amino acid glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain that regulates cognitive functions such as learning and memory, which are usually impaired in ASD. Over the last several years, increasing evidence from genetics, neuroimaging, protein expression, and animal model studies supporting the notion of altered glutamate metabolism has heightened the interest in evaluating glutamatergic dysfunction in ASD. Numerous pharmacological, behavioral, and imaging studies have demonstrated the imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, thus revealing the involvement of the glutamatergic system in ASD pathology. Here, we review the effects of genetic alterations on glutamate and its receptors in ASD and the role of non-invasive imaging modalities in detecting these changes. We also highlight the potential therapeutic targets associated with impaired glutamatergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tayyiba Akbar Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Amjad
- Shibli National College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, 276001, India
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Laboratory of Animal Research, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Cameron D, Soto-Mota A, Willis DR, Ellis J, Procter NEK, Greenwood R, Saunders N, Schulte RF, Vassiliou VS, Tyler DJ, Schmid AI, Rodgers CT, Malcolm PN, Clarke K, Frenneaux MP, Valkovič L. Evaluation of Acute Supplementation With the Ketone Ester (R)-3-Hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (deltaG) in Healthy Volunteers by Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:793987. [PMID: 35173629 PMCID: PMC8841822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.793987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this acute intervention study, we investigated the potential benefit of ketone supplementation in humans by studying cardiac phosphocreatine to adenosine-triphosphate ratios (PCr/ATP) and skeletal muscle PCr recovery using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) before and after ingestion of a ketone ester drink. We recruited 28 healthy individuals: 12 aged 23–70 years for cardiac 31P-MRS, and 16 aged 60–75 years for skeletal muscle 31P-MRS. Baseline and post-intervention resting cardiac and dynamic skeletal muscle 31P-MRS scans were performed in one visit, where 25 g of the ketone monoester, deltaG®, was administered after the baseline scan. Administration was timed so that post-intervention 31P-MRS would take place 30 min after deltaG® ingestion. The deltaG® ketone drink was well-tolerated by all participants. In participants who provided blood samples, post-intervention blood glucose, lactate and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations decreased significantly (−28.8%, p ≪ 0.001; −28.2%, p = 0.02; and −49.1%, p ≪ 0.001, respectively), while levels of the ketone body D-beta-hydroxybutyrate significantly increased from mean (standard deviation) 0.7 (0.3) to 4.0 (1.1) mmol/L after 30 min (p ≪ 0.001). There were no significant changes in cardiac PCr/ATP or skeletal muscle metabolic parameters between baseline and post-intervention. Acute ketone supplementation caused mild ketosis in blood, with drops in glucose, lactate, and free fatty acids; however, such changes were not associated with changes in 31P-MRS measures in the heart or in skeletal muscle. Future work may focus on the effect of longer-term ketone supplementation on tissue energetics in groups with compromised mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donnie Cameron
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Donnie Cameron,
| | - Adrian Soto-Mota
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Willis
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Ellis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Greenwood
- Radiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Saunders
- Radiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albrecht Ingo Schmid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- High Field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher T. Rodgers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Malcolm
- Radiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ladislav Valkovič
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Publicly funded trials do not usually offer financial incentives to volunteers. An intensive level of medical care could act as an additional motivator for participation. Our aim was to establish whether patients may draw any clinical benefit from volunteering in a clinical trial. METHODS We analysed the recruitment process of a phase II randomised controlled trial, the Inorganic Nitrate in Angina Study. RESULTS Two-hundred and thirteen patients with a history of stable angina and who had been under at least annual primary care review were screened for participation by history taking, examination, 12-lead electrocardiography, treadmill test and echocardiography. Thirty-five (16.4%) patients were found to have significant unstable or new clinical pathology, requiring urgent clinical attention. We identified 17 (7.9%) patients with unstable angina. Furthermore, we found new undiagnosed pathologies: amyloidosis in two (0.9%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two (0.9%), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <45%) in three (1.4%), left ventricular thrombus in one (0.4%), significant valvular disease in five (2.4%) and arrhythmias in six (2.8%). CONCLUSION Compared with routine care, patients screened for a clinical trial may come under an increased level of scrutiny that may affect their clinical management. This may act as additional motivator to attract patients to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dana K Dawson
- University of Aberdeen School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK and Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Lone SN, Bhat AA, Wani NA, Karedath T, Hashem S, Nisar S, Singh M, Bagga P, Das BC, Bedognetti D, Reddy R, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Siddiqi MA, Haris M, Macha MA. miRNAs as novel immunoregulators in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:3-14. [PMID: 33926791 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a well-known vital regulator of tumor growth, and one of the main hallmarks of cancer is evading the immune system. Immune system deregulation can lead to immune surveillance evasion, sustained cancer growth, proliferation, and metastasis. Tumor-mediated disruption of the immune system is accomplished by different mechanisms that involve extensive crosstalk with the immediate microenvironment, which includes endothelial cells, immune cells, and stromal cells, to create a favorable tumor niche that facilitates the development of cancer. The essential role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in the mechanism of cancer cell immune evasion has been highlighted in recent studies. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate a wide range of post-transcriptional gene expression in a cell. Recent studies have focused on the function that miRNAs play in controlling the expression of target proteins linked to immune modulation. Studies show that miRNAs modulate the immune response in cancers by regulating the expression of different immune-modulatory molecules associated with immune effector cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells, as well as those present in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review explores the relationship between miRNAs, their altered patterns of expression in tumors, immune modulation, and the functional control of a wide range of immune cells, thereby offering detailed insights on the crosstalk of tumor-immune cells and their use as prognostic markers or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saife N Lone
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Sheema Hashem
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bhudev Chandra Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, India
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, India.
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8
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Correction: Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:93. [PMID: 33637674 PMCID: PMC7910536 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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9
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Griffiths K, Lee JJ, Frenneaux MP, Feelisch M, Madhani M. Nitrite and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury. Where are we now? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107819. [PMID: 33600852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite major advances in technology and treatment, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being a key contributor. Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is imperative that blood flow is rapidly restored to the ischaemic myocardium. However, this restoration is associated with an increased risk of additional complications and further cardiomyocyte death, termed myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in protecting the myocardium from IRI. It is well established that NO mediates many of its downstream functions through the 'canonical' NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, which is vital for cardiovascular homeostasis; however, this pathway can become impaired in the face of inadequate delivery of necessary substrates, in particular L-arginine, oxygen and reducing equivalents. Recently, it has been shown that during conditions of ischaemia an alternative pathway for NO generation exists, which has become known as the 'nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway'. This pathway has been reported to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect against myocardial IRI and attenuate infarct size in various experimental models. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that nitrite itself provides multi-faceted protection, in an NO-independent fashion, against a myriad of pathophysiologies attributed to IRI. In this review, we explore the existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the role of nitrate and nitrite in cardioprotection and discuss the lessons learnt from the clinical trials for nitrite as a perconditioning agent. We also discuss the potential future for nitrite as a pre-conditioning intervention in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jordan J Lee
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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10
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Nisar S, Bhat AA, Singh M, Karedath T, Rizwan A, Hashem S, Bagga P, Reddy R, Jamal F, Uddin S, Chand G, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Macha MA, Ahmed I, Haris M. Insights Into the Role of CircRNAs: Biogenesis, Characterization, Functional, and Clinical Impact in Human Malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:617281. [PMID: 33614648 PMCID: PMC7894079 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.617281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an evolutionarily conserved novel class of non-coding endogenous RNAs (ncRNAs) found in the eukaryotic transcriptome, originally believed to be aberrant RNA splicing by-products with decreased functionality. However, recent advances in high-throughput genomic technology have allowed circRNAs to be characterized in detail and revealed their role in controlling various biological and molecular processes, the most essential being gene regulation. Because of the structural stability, high expression, availability of microRNA (miRNA) binding sites and tissue-specific expression, circRNAs have become hot topic of research in RNA biology. Compared to the linear RNA, circRNAs are produced differentially by backsplicing exons or lariat introns from a pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) forming a covalently closed loop structure missing 3′ poly-(A) tail or 5′ cap, rendering them immune to exonuclease-mediated degradation. Emerging research has identified multifaceted roles of circRNAs as miRNA and RNA binding protein (RBP) sponges and transcription, translation, and splicing event regulators. CircRNAs have been involved in many human illnesses, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, due to their aberrant expression in different pathological conditions. The functional versatility exhibited by circRNAs enables them to serve as potential diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for various diseases. This review discusses the properties, characterization, profiling, and the diverse molecular mechanisms of circRNAs and their use as potential therapeutic targets in different human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gyan Chand
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Pulwama, India
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33436555 PMCID: PMC7804459 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors. Recent clinical, genomic, and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC. Despite significant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions, failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths. It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy, and thereby adversely affects the prognosis. A complete understanding of the TME factors, together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions, can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC. Interestingly, different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV+ve and HPV-ve (human papillomavirus) HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized, targeted chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimen. This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, metastatic niche, therapeutic resistance, and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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12
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Bhat AA, Nisar S, Maacha S, Carneiro-Lobo TC, Akhtar S, Siveen KS, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Bagga P, Singh M, Reddy R, Uddin S, Grivel JC, Chand G, Frenneaux MP, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Macha MA, Haris M. Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:2. [PMID: 33390169 PMCID: PMC7780621 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, stromal proteins, and growth factors, which play a significant role in supporting the growth and aggressive behavior of cancer cells. The complex and dynamic interactions of the secreted cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and their receptors mediate chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression, metastasis, and decreased response to therapy. The molecular changes in the TME are used as biological markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients. This review highlighted the novel insights into the understanding and functional impact of deregulated cytokines and chemokines in imparting aggressive EC, stressing the nature and therapeutic consequences of the cytokine-chemokine network. We also discuss cytokine-chemokine oncogenic potential by contributing to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic niche, and therapeutic resistance development. In addition, it discusses the wide range of changes and intracellular signaling pathways that occur in the TME. Overall, this is a relatively unexplored field that could provide crucial insights into tumor immunology and encourage the effective application of modulatory cytokine-chemokine therapy to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Selma Maacha
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mayank Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gyan Chand
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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13
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Nisar S, Bhat AA, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Rizwan A, Singh M, Bagga P, Macha MA, Frenneaux MP, Reddy R, Haris M. Non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring the immunotherapeutic response to cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:471. [PMID: 33298096 PMCID: PMC7727217 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an efficient way to cure cancer by modulating the patient’s immune response. However, the immunotherapy response is heterogeneous and varies between individual patients and cancer subtypes, reinforcing the need for early benefit predictors. Evaluating the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor and changes in cell-intrinsic tumor characteristics provide potential response markers to treatment. However, this approach requires invasive sampling and may not be suitable for real-time monitoring of treatment response. The recent emergence of quantitative imaging biomarkers provides promising opportunities. In vivo imaging technologies that interrogate T cell responses, metabolic activities, and immune microenvironment could offer a powerful tool to monitor the cancer response to immunotherapy. Advances in imaging techniques to identify tumors' immunological characteristics can help stratify patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. This review discusses the metabolic events that occur during T cell activation and differentiation, anti-cancer immunotherapy-induced T cell responses, focusing on non-invasive imaging techniques to monitor T cell metabolism in the search for novel biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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14
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Ong GJ, Nguyen TH, Kucia A, Liu SF, Surikow SY, Girolamo O, Chong CR, Chirkov YY, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Frenneaux MP, Horowitz JD. Takotsubo Syndrome: Finally Emerging From the Shadows? Heart Lung Circ 2020; 30:36-44. [PMID: 33168470 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is now 30 years since Japanese investigators first described Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) as a disorder occurring mainly in ageing women, ascribing it to the impact of multivessel coronary artery spasm. During the intervening period, it has become clear that TTS involves relatively transient vascular injury, followed by prolonged myocardial inflammatory and eventually fibrotic changes. Hence symptomatic recovery is generally slow, currently an under-recognised issue. It appears that TTS is induced by aberrant post-β2-adrenoceptor signalling in the setting of "surge" release of catecholamines. Resultant activation of nitric oxide synthases and increased inflammatory vascular permeation lead to prolonged myocardial infiltration with macrophages and associated oedema formation. Initially, the diagnosis of TTS was made via exclusion of relevant coronary artery stenoses, plus the presence of regional left ventricular hypokinesis. However, detection of extensive myocardial oedema on cardiac MRI imaging offers a specific basis for diagnosis. No adequate methods are yet available for definitive diagnosis of TTS at hospital presentation. Other major challenges remaining in this area include understanding of the recently demonstrated association between TTS and antecedent cancer, the development of effective treatments to reduce risk of short-term (generally due to shock) and long-term mortality, and also to accelerate symptomatic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Jing Ong
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thanh Ha Nguyen
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Angela Kucia
- University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sai-Fei Liu
- University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sven Y Surikow
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Olivia Girolamo
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cher-Rin Chong
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yuliy Y Chirkov
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - John D Horowitz
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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15
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Omrani AS, Almaslamani MA, Daghfal J, Alattar RA, Elgara M, Shaar SH, Ibrahim TBH, Zaqout A, Bakdach D, Akkari AM, Baiou A, Alhariri B, Elajez R, Husain AAM, Badawi MN, Abid FB, Abu Jarir SH, Abdalla S, Kaleeckal A, Choda K, Chinta VR, Sherbash MA, Al-Ismail K, Abukhattab M, Ait Hssain A, Coyle PV, Bertollini R, Frenneaux MP, Alkhal A, Al-Kuwari HM. The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:777. [PMID: 33076848 PMCID: PMC7570422 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited data on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at a national level, and none after 60 days of follow up. The aim of this study was to describe national, 60-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19, and to identify risk factors associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including the first consecutive 5000 patients with COVID-19 in Qatar who completed 60 days of follow up by June 17, 2020. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. In addition, we explored risk factors for admission to ICU. Results Included patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28 and April 17, 2020. The majority (4436, 88.7%) were males and the median age was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28–43]. By 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital, and two (0.04%) were still in ICU. Fatal COVID-19 cases had a median age of 59.5 years (IQR 55.8–68), and were mostly males (13, 92.9%). All included pregnant women (26, 0.5%), children (131, 2.6%), and healthcare workers (135, 2.7%) were alive and not hospitalized at the end of follow up. A total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalization, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU. Most frequent co-morbidities in hospitalized adults were diabetes (23.2%), and hypertension (20.7%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. Conclusions In a relatively younger national cohort with a low co-morbidity burden, COVID-19 was associated with low all-cause mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU admission included older age, male sex, higher BMI, and co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Omrani
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050.
| | - Muna A Almaslamani
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Joanne Daghfal
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Rand A Alattar
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Mohamed Elgara
- Medical Education Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Shahd H Shaar
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Tawheeda B H Ibrahim
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Ahmed Zaqout
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Dana Bakdach
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Abdelrauof M Akkari
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Anas Baiou
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Bassem Alhariri
- Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Elajez
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Ahmed A M Husain
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Mohamed N Badawi
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Fatma Ben Abid
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Sulieman H Abu Jarir
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Shiema Abdalla
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Anvar Kaleeckal
- Business Intelligence Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Kris Choda
- Business Intelligence Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | | | | | - Khalil Al-Ismail
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Mohammed Abukhattab
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Peter V Coyle
- Division of Virology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | | | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Scientific, Academic and Faculty Affairs, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
| | - Abdullatif Alkhal
- Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050
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16
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Feelisch M, Akaike T, Griffiths K, Ida T, Prysyazhna O, Goodwin JJ, Gollop ND, Fernandez BO, Minnion M, Cortese-Krott MM, Borgognone A, Hayes RM, Eaton P, Frenneaux MP, Madhani M. Long-lasting blood pressure lowering effects of nitrite are NO-independent and mediated by hydrogen peroxide, persulfides, and oxidation of protein kinase G1α redox signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:51-62. [PMID: 31372656 PMCID: PMC6918062 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Under hypoxic conditions, nitrite (NO2-) can be reduced to nitric oxide (NO) eliciting vasorelaxation. However, nitrite also exerts vasorelaxant effects of potential therapeutic relevance under normal physiological conditions via undetermined mechanisms. We, therefore, sought to investigate the mechanism(s) by which nitrite regulates the vascular system in normoxia and, specifically, whether the biological effects are a result of NO generation (as in hypoxia) or mediated via alternative mechanisms involving classical downstream targets of NO [e.g. effects on protein kinase G1α (PKG1α)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo myography revealed that, unlike in thoracic aorta (conduit vessels), the vasorelaxant effects of nitrite in mesenteric resistance vessels from wild-type (WT) mice were NO-independent. Oxidants such as H2O2 promote disulfide formation of PKG1α, resulting in NO- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) independent kinase activation. To explore whether the microvascular effects of nitrite were associated with PKG1α oxidation, we used a Cys42Ser PKG1α knock-in (C42S PKG1α KI; 'redox-dead') mouse that cannot transduce oxidant signals. Resistance vessels from these C42S PKG1α KI mice were markedly less responsive to nitrite-induced vasodilation. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) bolus application of nitrite in conscious WT mice induced a rapid yet transient increase in plasma nitrite and cGMP concentrations followed by prolonged hypotensive effects, as assessed using in vivo telemetry. In the C42S PKG1α KI mice, the blood pressure lowering effects of nitrite were lower compared to WT. Increased H2O2 concentrations were detected in WT resistance vessel tissue challenged with nitrite. Consistent with this, increased cysteine and glutathione persulfide levels were detected in these vessels by mass spectrometry, matching the temporal profile of nitrite's effects on H2O2 and blood pressure. CONCLUSION Under physiological conditions, nitrite induces a delayed and long-lasting blood pressure lowering effect, which is NO-independent and occurs via a new redox mechanism involving H2O2, persulfides, and PKG1α oxidation/activation. Targeting this novel pathway may provide new prospects for anti-hypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- King's College of London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanna J Goodwin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas D Gollop
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Alessandra Borgognone
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rosie M Hayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College of London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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17
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Parasuraman SK, Loudon BL, Lowery C, Cameron D, Singh S, Schwarz K, Gollop ND, Rudd A, McKiddie F, Phillips JJ, Prasad SK, Wilson AM, Sen-Chowdhry S, Clark A, Vassiliou VS, Dawson DK, Frenneaux MP. Diastolic Ventricular Interaction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010114. [PMID: 30922153 PMCID: PMC6509705 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that this could result in pericardial constraint and diastolic ventricular interaction in some patients during exercise. Methods and Results Contrast stress echocardiography was performed in 30 HFpEF patients, 17 hypertensive controls, and 17 normotensive controls (healthy). Cardiac volumes, and normalized radius of curvature (NRC) of the interventricular septum at end‐diastole and end‐systole, were measured at rest and peak‐exercise, and compared between the groups. The septum was circular at rest in all 3 groups at end‐diastole. At peak‐exercise, end‐systolic NRC increased to 1.47±0.05 (P<0.001) in HFpEF patients, confirming development of pulmonary hypertension. End‐diastolic NRC also increased to 1.54±0.07 (P<0.001) in HFpEF patients, indicating septal flattening, and this correlated significantly with end‐systolic NRC (ρ=0.51, P=0.007). In hypertensive controls and healthy controls, peak‐exercise end‐systolic NRC increased, but this was significantly less than observed in HFpEF patients (HFpEF, P=0.02 versus hypertensive controls; P<0.001 versus healthy). There were also small, non‐significant increases in end‐diastolic NRC in both groups (hypertensive controls, +0.17±0.05, P=0.38; healthy, +0.06±0.03, P=0.93). In HFpEF patients, peak‐exercise end‐diastolic NRC also negatively correlated (r=−0.40, P<0.05) with the change in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume with exercise (ie, the Frank‐Starling mechanism), and a trend was noted towards a negative correlation with change in stroke volume (r=−0.36, P=0.08). Conclusions Exercise pulmonary hypertension causes substantial diastolic ventricular interaction on exercise in some patients with HFpEF, and this restriction to left ventricular filling by the right ventricle exacerbates the pre‐existing impaired Frank‐Starling response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Crystal Lowery
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Donnie Cameron
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicholas D Gollop
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Rudd
- 4 Department of Cardiology School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Fergus McKiddie
- 5 Nuclear Medicine Aberdeen Royal Infirmary NHS Grampian Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Jim J Phillips
- 5 Nuclear Medicine Aberdeen Royal Infirmary NHS Grampian Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- 6 Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London London United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Srijita Sen-Chowdhry
- 7 Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Allan Clark
- 1 Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | | | - Dana K Dawson
- 4 Department of Cardiology School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Aberdeen United Kingdom
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18
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Baral R, Loudon B, Frenneaux MP, Vassiliou VS. Ventricular-vascular coupling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2020; 50:121-128. [PMID: 32690217 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease underlined by impaired ventricular-vascular coupling (VVC). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the VVC ratio in HFpEF patients at rest and during exercise and compare it to the healthy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) controls. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for trials that matched the inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled mean difference with 95% confidence interval using Open Meta[Analyst] software. RESULTS A total of 13 trials met the inclusion criteria. Although VVC ratio was comparable between HFpEF and healthy controls at rest, it was significantly lower in HFrEF compared to HFpEF. During exercise, there was a significant decline in VVC ratio in HFpEF (-0.119, 95% CI (-0.183 to -0.055), p<0.001). CONCLUSION VVC ratio, although 'preserved' at rest in HFpEF patients, was overtly impaired during exercise highlighting the importance of dynamic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Baral
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Brodie Loudon
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilios S Vassiliou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
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19
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Hashem S, Nisar S, Bhat AA, Yadav SK, Azeem MW, Bagga P, Fakhro K, Reddy R, Frenneaux MP, Haris M. Genetics of structural and functional brain changes in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:229. [PMID: 32661244 PMCID: PMC7359361 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder characterized by social impairment and restricted interactive and communicative behaviors. It may occur as an isolated disorder or in the context of other neurological, psychiatric, developmental, and genetic disorders. Due to rapid developments in genomics and imaging technologies, imaging genetics studies of ASD have evolved in the last few years. Increased risk for ASD diagnosis is found to be related to many specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and the study of genetic mechanisms and noninvasive imaging has opened various approaches that can help diagnose ASD at the nascent level. Identifying risk genes related to structural and functional changes in the brain of ASD patients provide a better understanding of the disease's neuropsychiatry and can help identify targets for therapeutic intervention that could be useful for the clinical management of ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Hashem
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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20
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Parasuraman S, Schwarz K, Singh S, Abraham D, Garg D, Frenneaux MP. Cardiopulmonary exercise test in myocardial ischemia detection. Future Cardiol 2020; 16:113-121. [PMID: 32081024 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise electrocardiography has low sensitivity for detection of myocardial ischemia. However, when combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX), the sensitivity and specificity of ischemia detection improves significantly. CPEX offers unique advantages over imaging techniques in tricky situations such as balanced ischemia. Early abnormal oxygen uptake would point toward profound coronary stenosis that could be missed in perfusion imaging. CPEX could be an invaluable tool in asymptomatic left bundle branch block pattern, without exposing patients to the risks of computerized tomography or invasive coronary angiography. Normal oxygen uptake curves would rule out significant coronary stenosis as the cause of left bundle branch block pattern. Elseways, abnormal oxygen uptake in patients with normal coronary arteries could indicate microvascular angina. Furthermore, exercise capacity is an excellent predictor of cardiovascular risk in those with and without heart disease. Using two clinical cases we introduce the concept of gas-exchange and hemodynamic changes encountered in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satnam Singh
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Castle Lane East, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Dilip Abraham
- Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK
| | - Deepak Garg
- Dr Gray's Hospital, Pluscarden Road, Elgin, UK
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21
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Parkes MJ, Sheppard JP, Barker T, Ranasinghe AM, Senanayake E, Clutton-Brock TH, Frenneaux MP. Hypocapnia Alone Fails to Provoke Important Electrocardiogram Changes in Coronary Artery Diseased Patients. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1515. [PMID: 32038268 PMCID: PMC6983462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is still an urgent clinical need to develop non-invasive diagnostic tests for early ischemic heart disease because, once angina occurs, it is too late. Hypocapnia has long been known to cause coronary artery vasoconstriction. Some new cardiology tests are accompanied by the claim that they must have potential diagnostic value if hypocapnia enhances their cardiac effects in healthy subjects. But no previous study has tested whether hypocapnia produces bigger cardiac effects in patients with angina than in healthy subjects. Methods Severe hypocapnia (a PetCO2 level of 20 mmHg) lasting >15 min was mechanically induced by facemask, while conscious and unmedicated, in 18 healthy subjects and in 10 patients with angina and angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease, awaiting by-pass surgery. Each participant was their own control in normocapnia (where CO2 was added to the inspirate) and the order of normocapnia and hypocapnia was randomized. Twelve lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded and automated measurements were made on all ECG waveforms averaged over >120 beats. 2D echocardiography was also performed on healthy subjects. Results In the 18 healthy subjects, we confirm that severe hypocapnia (a mean PetCO2 of 20 ± 0 mmHg, P < 0.0001) consistently increased the mean T wave amplitude in leads V1–V3, but by only 31% (P < 0.01), 15% (P < 0.001) and 11% (P < 0.05), respectively. Hypocapnia produced no other significant effects (p > 0.05) on their electro- or echocardiogram. All 10 angina patients tolerated the mechanical hyperventilation well, with minimal discomfort. Hypocpania caused a similar increase in V1 (by 39%, P < 0.05 vs. baseline, but P > 0.05 vs. healthy controls) and did not induce angina. Its effects were no greater in patients who did not take β-blockers, or did not take organic nitrates, or had the worst Canadian Cardiovascular Society scores. Conclusion Non-invasive mechanical hyperventilation while awake and unmedicated is safe and acceptable, even to patients with angina. Using it to produce severe and prolonged hypocapnia alone does produce significant ECG changes in angina patients. But its potential diagnostic value for identifying patients with coronary stenosis requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Parkes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Birmingham Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James P Sheppard
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Birmingham Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Barker
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron M Ranasinghe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eshan Senanayake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Clutton-Brock
- National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Birmingham Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Birmingham Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Ntessalen M, Procter NEK, Feelisch M, Crichton PG, Frenneaux MP. Reply to TA Schiffer et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:487-488. [PMID: 32016355 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ntessalen
- From the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan E K Procter
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- From the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Crichton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- From the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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23
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Ahmed I, Loudon BL, Abozguia K, Cameron D, Shivu GN, Phan TT, Maher A, Stegemann B, Chow A, Marshall H, Nightingale P, Leyva F, Vassiliou VS, McKenna WJ, Elliott P, Frenneaux MP. Biventricular pacemaker therapy improves exercise capacity in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy via augmented diastolic filling on exercise. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1263-1272. [PMID: 31975494 PMCID: PMC7540697 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Treatment options for patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are limited. We sought to determine whether biventricular (BiV) pacing improves exercise capacity in HCM patients, and whether this is via augmented diastolic filling. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-one patients with symptomatic non-obstructive HCM were enrolled. Following device implantation, patients underwent detailed assessment of exercise diastolic filling using radionuclide ventriculography in BiV and sham pacing modes. Patients then entered an 8-month crossover study of BiV and sham pacing in random order, to assess the effect on exercise capacity [peak oxygen consumption (VO2 )]. Patients were grouped on pre-specified analysis according to whether left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased (+LVEDV) or was unchanged/decreased (-LVEDV) with exercise at baseline. Twenty-nine patients (20 male, mean age 55 years) completed the study. There were 14 +LVEDV patients and 15 -LVEDV patients. Baseline peak VO2 was lower in -LVEDV patients vs. +LVEDV patients (16.2 ± 0.9 vs. 19.9 ± 1.1 mL/kg/min, P = 0.04). BiV pacing significantly increased exercise ΔLVEDV (P = 0.004) and Δstroke volume (P = 0.008) in -LVEDV patients, but not in +LVEDV patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction and end-systolic elastance did not increase with BiV pacing in either group. This translated into significantly greater improvements in exercise capacity (peak VO2 + 1.4 mL/kg/min, P = 0.03) and quality of life scores (P = 0.02) in -LVEDV patients during the crossover study. There was no effect on left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in either group. CONCLUSION Symptomatic patients with non-obstructive HCM may benefit from BiV pacing via augmentation of diastolic filling on exercise rather than contractile improvement. This may be due to relief of diastolic ventricular interaction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00504647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ahmed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Khalid Abozguia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Donnie Cameron
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ganesh N Shivu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thanh T Phan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cardiology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital UHNM NHS Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Abdul Maher
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Anthony Chow
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Howard Marshall
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Welcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Nightingale
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Welcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francisco Leyva
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - William J McKenna
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Perry Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College of London, London, UK
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24
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Bhat AA, Syed N, Therachiyil L, Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Muralitharan S, Al-Naemi H, Bagga P, Reddy R, Dhawan P, Akobeng A, Uddin S, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Haris M. Claudin-1, A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020569. [PMID: 31952355 PMCID: PMC7013445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, a group of membrane proteins involved in the formation of tight junctions, are mainly found in endothelial or epithelial cells. These proteins have attracted much attention in recent years and have been implicated and studied in a multitude of diseases. Claudins not only regulate paracellular transepithelial/transendothelial transport but are also critical for cell growth and differentiation. Not only tissue-specific but the differential expression in malignant tumors is also the focus of claudin-related research. In addition to up- or down-regulation, claudin proteins also undergo delocalization, which plays a vital role in tumor invasion and aggressiveness. Claudin (CLDN)-1 is the most-studied claudin in cancers and to date, its role as either a tumor promoter or suppressor (or both) is not established. In some cancers, lower expression of CLDN-1 is shown to be associated with cancer progression and invasion, while in others, loss of CLDN-1 improves the patient survival. Another topic of discussion regarding the significance of CLDN-1 is its localization (nuclear or cytoplasmic vs perijunctional) in diseased states. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLDN-1 in cancers either as a tumor promoter or suppressor from the literature and we also review the literature regarding the pattern of CLDN-1 distribution in different cancers, focusing on whether this localization is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, we utilized expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the association between CLDN-1 expression and overall survival (OS) in different cancer types. We also used TCGA data to compare CLDN-1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, a pathway interaction analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of CLDN-1 with other proteins and as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Anthony Akobeng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7407
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25
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Ntessalen M, Procter NEK, Schwarz K, Loudon BL, Minnion M, Fernandez BO, Vassiliou VS, Vauzour D, Madhani M, Constantin‐Teodosiu D, Horowitz JD, Feelisch M, Dawson D, Crichton PG, Frenneaux MP. Inorganic nitrate and nitrite supplementation fails to improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial efficiency in mice and humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:79-89. [PMID: 31599928 PMCID: PMC6944528 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic nitrate, abundant in leafy green vegetables and beetroot, is thought to have protective health benefits. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet reduces the incidence and severity of coronary artery disease, whereas supplementation with nitrate can improve submaximal exercise performance. Once ingested, oral commensal bacteria may reduce nitrate to nitrite, which may subsequently be reduced to nitric oxide during conditions of hypoxia and in the presence of "nitrite reductases" such as heme- and molybdenum-containing enzymes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the putative effects of inorganic nitrate and nitrite on mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. METHODS Mice were subjected to a nitrate/nitrite-depleted diet for 2 wk, then supplemented with sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, or sodium chloride (1 g/L) in drinking water ad libitum for 7 d before killing. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 3, ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) 1 and AAC2, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were assessed by respirometry and Western blotting. Studies were also undertaken in human skeletal muscle biopsies from a cohort of coronary artery bypass graft patients treated with either sodium nitrite (30-min infusion of 10 μmol/min) or vehicle [0.9% (wt:vol) saline] 24 h before surgery. RESULTS Neither sodium nitrate nor sodium nitrite supplementation altered mitochondrial coupling efficiency in murine skeletal muscle, and expression of UCP3, AAC1, or AAC2, and PDH phosphorylation status did not differ between the nitrite and saline groups. Similar results were observed in human samples. CONCLUSIONS Sodium nitrite failed to improve mitochondrial metabolic efficiency, rendering this mechanism implausible for the purported exercise benefits of dietary nitrate supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04001283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ntessalen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan E K Procter
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Schwarz
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dumitru Constantin‐Teodosiu
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John D Horowitz
- Department of Cardiology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Dawson
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Crichton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to MPF (E-mail: )
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26
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Borgognone A, Shantsila E, Worrall SM, Prompunt E, Loka T, Loudon BL, Chimen M, Ed Rainger G, Lord JM, Turner A, Nightingale P, Feelisch M, Kirchhof P, Lip GYH, Watson SP, Frenneaux MP, Madhani M. Nitrite circumvents platelet resistance to nitric oxide in patients with heart failure preserved ejection fraction and chronic atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1313-1323. [PMID: 29659727 PMCID: PMC6054254 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure (HF) is a pro-thrombotic state. Both platelet and vascular responses to nitric oxide (NO) donors are impaired in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) compared with healthy volunteers (HVs) due to scavenging of NO, and possibly also reduced activity of the principal NO sensor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), limiting the therapeutic potential of NO donors as anti-aggregatory agents. Previous studies have shown that nitrite inhibits platelet activation presumptively after its reduction to NO, but the mechanism(s) involved remain poorly characterized. Our aim was to compare the effects of nitrite on platelet function in HV vs. HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and chronic atrial fibrillation (HFpEF–AF), vs. patients with chronic AF without HF, and to assess whether these effects occur independent of the interaction with other formed elements of blood. Methods and results Platelet responses to nitrite and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were compared in age-matched HV controls (n = 12), HFpEF–AF patients (n = 29), and chronic AF patients (n = 8). Anti-aggregatory effects of nitrite in the presence of NO scavengers/sGC inhibitor were determined and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation was assessed using western blotting. In HV and chronic AF, both nitrite and SNP inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by the NO donor SNP was impaired in HFpEF-AF patients compared with healthy and chronic AF individuals, but there was no impairment of the anti-aggregatory effects of nitrite. Nitrite circumvented platelet NO resistance independently of other blood cells by directly activating sGC and phosphorylating VASP. Conclusion We here show for the first time that HFpEF-AF (but not chronic AF without HF) is associated with marked impairment of platelet NO responses due to sGC dysfunction and nitrite circumvents the ‘platelet NO resistance’ phenomenon in human HFpEF, at least partly, by acting as a direct sGC activator independent of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borgognone
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Sophie M Worrall
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eakkapote Prompunt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas Loka
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - G Ed Rainger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ashley Turner
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Peter Nightingale
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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27
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Coats CJ, Frenneaux MP, Elliott PM. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Need for Gene-Specific Treatment?-Reply. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 4:831-832. [PMID: 31188395 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Coats
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Perry M Elliott
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Coats CJ, Pavlou M, Watkinson OT, Protonotarios A, Moss L, Hyland R, Rantell K, Pantazis AA, Tome M, McKenna WJ, Frenneaux MP, Omar R, Elliott PM. Effect of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride Therapy on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 4:230-235. [PMID: 30725091 PMCID: PMC6439550 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes limiting symptoms in patients, mediated partly through inefficient myocardial energy use. There is conflicting evidence for therapy with inhibitors of myocardial fatty acid metabolism in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Objective To determine the effect of oral therapy with trimetazidine, a direct inhibitor of fatty acid β-oxidation, on exercise capacity in patients with symptomatic nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial at The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom was performed between May 31, 2012, and September 8, 2014. The trial included 51 drug-refractory symptomatic (New York Heart Association class ≥2) patients aged 24 to 74 years with a maximum left ventricular outflow tract gradient 50 mm Hg or lower and a peak oxygen consumption during exercise of 80% or less predicted value for age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed from March 1, 2016 through July 4, 2018. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to trimetazidine, 20 mg, 3 times daily (n = 27) or placebo (n = 24) for 3 months. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was peak oxygen consumption during upright bicycle ergometry. Secondary end points were 6-minute walk distance, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire), frequency of ventricular ectopic beats, diastolic function, serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level, and troponin T level. Results Of 49 participants who received trimetazidine (n = 26) or placebo (n = 23) and completed the study, 34 (70%) were male; the mean (SD) age was 50 (13) years. Trimetazidine therapy did not improve exercise capacity, with patients in the trimetazidine group walking 38.4 m (95% CI, 5.13 to 71.70 m) less than patients in the placebo group at 3 months after adjustment for their baseline walking distance measurements. After adjustment for baseline values, peak oxygen consumption was 1.35 mL/kg per minute lower (95% CI, -2.58 to -0.11 mL/kg per minute; P = .03) in the intervention group after 3 months. Conclusions and Relevance In symptomatic patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, trimetazidine therapy does not improve exercise capacity. Pharmacologic therapy for this disease remains limited. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01696370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Coats
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Menelaos Pavlou
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver T. Watkinson
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Protonotarios
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Moss
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khadija Rantell
- University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maite Tome
- St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - William J. McKenna
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rumana Omar
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perry M. Elliott
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Loudon B, Baral R, Parasuraman S, Gollop ND, Vassiliou V, Frenneaux MP. P1514Arterial stiffness drives gender differences in vasculoventricular coupling in hypertensive patients but not patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Loudon
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - R Baral
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - N D Gollop
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - V Vassiliou
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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30
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Rudd AE, Scally C, Mezincescu A, Horgan G, Parasuraman S, Frenneaux MP, Dawson DK. P1526Exercise capacity in treated hypertensives. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A E Rudd
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - C Scally
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - A Mezincescu
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - G Horgan
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - D K Dawson
- University of Aberdeen, Cardiovascular Research, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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31
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Halliday BP, Gulati A, Ali A, Newsome S, Lota A, Tayal U, Vassiliou VS, Arzanauskaite M, Izgi C, Krishnathasan K, Singhal A, Chiew K, Gregson J, Frenneaux MP, Cook SA, Pennell DJ, Collins P, Cleland JGF, Prasad SK. Sex- and age-based differences in the natural history and outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1392-1400. [PMID: 29862606 PMCID: PMC6392171 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the relationship between sex, age and outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and results We used proportional hazard modelling to examine the association between sex, age and all‐cause mortality in consecutive patients with DCM. Overall, 881 patients (290 women, median age 52 years) were followed for a median of 4.9 years. Women were more likely to present with heart failure (64.0% vs. 54.5%; P = 0.007) and had more severe symptoms (P < 0.0001) compared to men. Women had smaller left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (125 mL/m2 vs. 135 mL/m2; P < 0.001), higher left ventricular ejection fraction (40.2% vs. 37.9%; P = 0.019) and were less likely to have mid‐wall late gadolinium enhancement (23.0% vs. 38.9%; P < 0.0001). During follow‐up, 149 (16.9%) patients died, including 41 (4.7%) who died suddenly. After adjustment, all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.92; P = 0.018] was lower in women, with similar trends for cardiovascular (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35–1.05; P = 0.07), non‐sudden (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.02; P = 0.06) and sudden death (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.30–1.63; P = 0.41). All‐cause mortality (per 10 years: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.55; P < 0.0001) and non‐sudden death (per 10 years: HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.26–1.82; P < 0.00001) increased with age. Cumulative incidence curves confirmed favourable outcomes, particularly in women and those <60 years. Increased all‐cause mortality in patients >60 years of age was driven by non‐sudden death. Conclusion Women with DCM have better survival compared to men, which may partly be due to less severe left ventricular dysfunction and a smaller scar burden. There is increased mortality driven by non‐sudden death in patients >60 years of age that is less marked in women. Outcomes with contemporary treatment were favourable, with a low incidence of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Halliday
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ankur Gulati
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aamir Ali
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Simon Newsome
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amrit Lota
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Upasana Tayal
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Vassilios S Vassiliou
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Monika Arzanauskaite
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cemil Izgi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kaushiga Krishnathasan
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Arvind Singhal
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kayla Chiew
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John Gregson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Peter Collins
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John G F Cleland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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32
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Surikow SY, Nguyen TH, Stafford I, Chapman M, Chacko S, Singh K, Licari G, Raman B, Kelly DJ, Zhang Y, Waddingham MT, Ngo DT, Bate AP, Chua SJ, Frenneaux MP, Horowitz JD. Nitrosative Stress as a Modulator of Inflammatory Change in a Model of Takotsubo Syndrome. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:213-226. [PMID: 30062207 PMCID: PMC6058954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TS) have supranormal nitric oxide signaling, and post-mortem studies of TS heart samples revealed nitrosative stress. Therefore, we first showed in a female rat model that isoproterenol induces TS-like echocardiographic changes, evidence of nitrosative stress, and consequent activation of the energy-depleting enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. We subsequently showed that pre-treatment with an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 ameliorated contractile abnormalities. These findings thus add to previous reports of aberrant β-adrenoceptor signaling (coupled with nitric oxide synthase activation) to elucidate mechanisms of impaired cardiac function in TS and point to potential methods of treatment.
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Key Words
- 3AB, 3-aminobenzamide
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ISO, isoproterenol
- LV, left ventricular
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NT, nitrotyrosine
- O2–, superoxide
- ONOO–, peroxynitrite
- PAR, poly(ADP-ribose)
- PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
- TS, Takotsubo syndrome
- TXNIP, thioredoxin-interacting protein
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- myocardial inflammation
- oxidative stress
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Y Surikow
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Irene Stafford
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Chapman
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sujith Chacko
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kuljit Singh
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Giovanni Licari
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Betty Raman
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark T Waddingham
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Doan T Ngo
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander P Bate
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Su Jen Chua
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - John D Horowitz
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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33
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Sutton TR, Minnion M, Barbarino F, Koster G, Fernandez BO, Cumpstey AF, Wischmann P, Madhani M, Frenneaux MP, Postle AD, Cortese-Krott MM, Feelisch M. A robust and versatile mass spectrometry platform for comprehensive assessment of the thiol redox metabolome. Redox Biol 2018; 16:359-380. [PMID: 29627744 PMCID: PMC5953223 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are associated with perturbations in redox signaling and aberrant hydrogen sulfide metabolism, and numerous analytical methods exist for the measurement of the sulfur-containing species affected. However, uncertainty remains about their concentrations and speciation in cells/biofluids, perhaps in part due to differences in sample processing and detection principles. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry we here outline a specific and sensitive platform for the simultaneous measurement of 12 analytes, including total and free thiols, their disulfides and sulfide in complex biological matrices such as blood, saliva and urine. Total assay run time is < 10 min, enabling high-throughput analysis. Enhanced sensitivity and avoidance of artifactual thiol oxidation is achieved by taking advantage of the rapid reaction of sulfhydryl groups with N-ethylmaleimide. We optimized the analytical procedure for detection and separation conditions, linearity and precision including three stable isotope labelled standards. Its versatility for future more comprehensive coverage of the thiol redox metabolome was demonstrated by implementing additional analytes such as methanethiol, N-acetylcysteine, and coenzyme A. Apparent plasma sulfide concentrations were found to vary substantially with sample pretreatment and nature of the alkylating agent. In addition to protein binding in the form of mixed disulfides (S-thiolation) a significant fraction of aminothiols and sulfide appears to be also non-covalently associated with proteins. Methodological accuracy was tested by comparing the plasma redox status of 10 healthy human volunteers to a well-established protocol optimized for reduced/oxidized glutathione. In a proof-of-principle study a deeper analysis of the thiol redox metabolome including free reduced/oxidized as well as bound thiols and sulfide was performed. Additional determination of acid-labile sulfide/thiols was demonstrated in human blood cells, urine and saliva. Using this simplified mass spectrometry-based workflow the thiol redox metabolome can be determined in samples from clinical and translational studies, providing a novel prognostic/diagnostic platform for patient stratification, drug monitoring, and identification of new therapeutic approaches in redox diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Sutton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - F Barbarino
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Koster
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - B O Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A F Cumpstey
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - P Wischmann
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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34
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Ajaero CN, Chong CR, Procter NEK, Liu S, Chirkov YY, Heresztyn T, Chan WPA, Arstall MA, McGavigan AD, Frenneaux MP, Horowitz JD. Does cardiac resynchronization therapy restore peripheral circulatory homeostasis? ESC Heart Fail 2017; 5:129-138. [PMID: 29030923 PMCID: PMC5793973 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate whether peripheral circulatory ‘remodelling’ as measured by changes in vascular compliance and in markers of nitric oxide signalling contributes to patient response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods and results Effects of CRT were evaluated in 33 patients pre‐procedure and 6 months post‐procedure. Peak oxygen consumption, 6 min walk distance, New York Heart Association class, and quality of life score were evaluated. Augmentation index and its interactions with nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated by applanation tonometry. Platelet NO responsiveness and content of thioredoxin‐interacting protein were assessed. Plasma concentrations of N‐terminal proBNP, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, catecholamines, and matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 were assessed. Despite significant improvement in 6 min walk distance (P = 0.005), New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001), quality of life (P = 0.001), and all echocardiographic parameters post‐CRT, there were no significant changes in augmentation index measurements, thioredoxin‐interacting protein content, and platelet NO response. Significant falls in N‐terminal proBNP (P = 0.008) and SDMA (P = 0.013; independent of renal function) occurred. Falls in SDMA predicted reduction in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (P = 0.04) and increases in peak oxygen consumption (P = 0.04). There were no correlations between changes in echocardiographic parameters and those in vascular function. Conclusions These data suggest that the beneficial effects of CRT over 6 months are independent of any change in peripheral NO‐related signalling. However, there is evidence that suppression of inflammation occurs, and its magnitude predicts extent of clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwudiebube N Ajaero
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cher-Rin Chong
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nathan E K Procter
- Bob Champion Research and Education Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Saifei Liu
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuliy Y Chirkov
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Wai Ping Alicia Chan
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,The Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Margaret A Arstall
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew D McGavigan
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.,Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Bob Champion Research and Education Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - John D Horowitz
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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35
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Schwarz K, Singh S, Parasuraman SK, Rudd A, Shepstone L, Feelisch M, Minnion M, Ahmad S, Madhani M, Horowitz J, Dawson DK, Frenneaux MP. Inorganic Nitrate in Angina Study: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006478. [PMID: 28887315 PMCID: PMC5634294 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In this double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled crossover trial, we investigated whether oral sodium nitrate, when added to existing background medication, reduces exertional ischemia in patients with angina. Methods and Results Seventy patients with stable angina, positive electrocardiogram treadmill test, and either angiographic or functional test evidence of significant ischemic heart disease were randomized to receive oral treatment with either placebo or sodium nitrate (600 mg; 7 mmol) for 7 to 10 days, followed by a 2‐week washout period before crossing over to the other treatment (n=34 placebo‐nitrate, n=36 nitrate‐placebo). At baseline and at the end of each treatment, patients underwent modified Bruce electrocardiogram treadmill test, modified Seattle Questionnaire, and subgroups were investigated with dobutamine stress, echocardiogram, and blood tests. The primary outcome was time to 1 mm ST depression on electrocardiogram treadmill test. Compared with placebo, inorganic nitrate treatment tended to increase the primary outcome exercise time to 1 mm ST segment depression (645.6 [603.1, 688.0] seconds versus 661.2 [6183, 704.0] seconds, P=0.10) and significantly increased total exercise time (744.4 [702.4, 786.4] seconds versus 760.9 [719.5, 802.2] seconds, P=0.04; mean [95% confidence interval]). Nitrate treatment robustly increased plasma nitrate (18.3 [15.2, 21.5] versus 297.6 [218.4, 376.8] μmol/L, P<0.0001) and almost doubled circulating nitrite concentrations (346 [285, 405] versus 552 [398, 706] nmol/L, P=0.003; placebo versus nitrate treatment). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly altered by the intervention. Patients on antacid medication appeared to benefit less from nitrate supplementation. Conclusions Sodium nitrate treatment may confer a modest exercise capacity benefit in patients with chronic angina who are taking other background medication. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT02078921. EudraCT number: 2012‐000196‐17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schwarz
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Satnam Singh
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Satish K Parasuraman
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Amelia Rudd
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lee Shepstone
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Shakil Ahmad
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Horowitz
- Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dana K Dawson
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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36
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Steeds RP, Cowie MR, Rana BS, Chambers JB, Ray S, Srinivasan J, Schwarz K, Neil CJ, Scally C, Horowitz JD, Frenneaux MP, Pislaru C, Dawson DK, Rothwell OJ, George K, Somauroo JD, Lord R, Stembridge M, Shave R, Hoffman M, Ashley EA, Haddad F, Eijsvogels TMH, Oxborough D, Hampson R, Kinsey CD, Gurunathan S, Vamvakidou A, Karogiannis N, Senior R, Ahmadvazir S, Shah BN, Zacharias K, Bowen D, Robinson S, Ihekwaba U, Parker K, Boyd J, Densem CG, Atkinson C, Hinton J, Gaisie EB, Rakhit DJ, Yue AM, Roberts PR, Thomas D, Phen P, Sibley J, Fergey S, Russhard P. Report from the Annual Conference of the British Society of Echocardiography, November 2016, Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre, London. Echo Res Pract 2017; 4:M1. [PMID: 30390608 PMCID: PMC8693153 DOI: 10.1530/erp-17-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Steeds
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin R Cowie
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College London (Royal Brompton Hospital), London, UK
| | - Bushra S Rana
- Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simon Ray
- University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Lord
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Rob Shave
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Martin Hoffman
- University of California Davis Medical Centre, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Reinette Hampson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Chris D Kinsey
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Sothinathan Gurunathan
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College London (Royal Brompton Hospital), London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Anastasia Vamvakidou
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College London (Royal Brompton Hospital), London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | | | - Roxy Senior
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College London (Royal Brompton Hospital), London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shahram Ahmadvazir
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Benoy N Shah
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos Zacharias
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Dan Bowen
- Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shaun Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Karen Parker
- Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Boyd
- Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Atkinson
- University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan Hinton
- University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Edmund B Gaisie
- University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Dhrubo J Rakhit
- University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Arthur M Yue
- University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul R Roberts
- University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Dean Thomas
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
| | - Pat Phen
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
| | - Jonathan Sibley
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
| | - Sarah Fergey
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
| | - Paul Russhard
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
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37
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Nguyen TH, Liu S, Ong GJ, Stafford I, Frenneaux MP, Horowitz JD. Glycocalyx shedding is markedly increased during the acute phase of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 243:296-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Schwarz K, Ahearn T, Srinivasan J, Neil CJ, Scally C, Rudd A, Jagpal B, Frenneaux MP, Pislaru C, Horowitz JD, Dawson DK. Author's Reply. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:1042. [PMID: 28847560 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schwarz
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Ahearn
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Janaki Srinivasan
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Neil
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Scally
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Rudd
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Baljit Jagpal
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Dana K Dawson
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although many established pharmacological interventions exist for HFrEF, hospitalization and death rates remain high, and for those with HFpEF (approximately half of all heart failure patients), there are no effective therapies. Recently, the role of impaired cardiac energetic status in heart failure has gained increasing recognition with the identification of reduced capacity for both fatty acid and carbohydrate oxidation, impaired function of the electron transport chain, reduced capacity to transfer ATP to the cytosol, and inefficient utilization of the energy produced. These nodes in the genesis of cardiac energetic impairment provide potential therapeutic targets, and there is promising data from recent experimental and early-phase clinical studies evaluating modulators such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitors, partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitors and mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. Metabolic modulation may provide significant symptomatic and prognostic benefit for patients suffering from heart failure above and beyond guideline-directed therapy, but further clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Noordali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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40
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Schwarz K, Ahearn T, Srinivasan J, Neil CJ, Scally C, Rudd A, Jagpal B, Frenneaux MP, Pislaru C, Horowitz JD, Dawson DK. Alterations in Cardiac Deformation, Timing of Contraction and Relaxation, and Early Myocardial Fibrosis Accompany the Apparent Recovery of Acute Stress-Induced (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy: An End to the Concept of Transience. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:745-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Halliday BP, Gulati A, Ali A, Guha K, Newsome S, Arzanauskaite M, Vassiliou VS, Lota A, Izgi C, Tayal U, Khalique Z, Stirrat C, Auger D, Pareek N, Ismail TF, Rosen SD, Vazir A, Alpendurada F, Gregson J, Frenneaux MP, Cowie MR, Cleland JGF, Cook SA, Pennell DJ, Prasad SK. Association Between Midwall Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Mild and Moderate Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. Circulation 2017; 135:2106-2115. [PMID: 28351901 PMCID: PMC5444425 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Current guidelines only recommend the use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in those with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%. However, registries of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests demonstrate that 70% to 80% of such patients have an LVEF >35%. Patients with an LVEF >35% also have low competing risks of death from nonsudden causes. Therefore, those at high risk of SCD may gain longevity from successful implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. We investigated whether late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance identified patients with dilated cardiomyopathy without severe LV systolic dysfunction at high risk of SCD. Methods: We prospectively investigated the association between midwall LGE and the prespecified primary composite outcome of SCD or aborted SCD among consecutive referrals with dilated cardiomyopathy and an LVEF ≥40% to our center between January 2000 and December 2011 who did not have a preexisting indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Results: Of 399 patients (145 women, median age 50 years, median LVEF 50%, 25.3% with LGE) followed for a median of 4.6 years, 18 of 101 (17.8%) patients with LGE reached the prespecified end point, compared with 7 of 298 (2.3%) without (hazard ratio [HR], 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–21.8; P<0.0001). Nine patients (8.9%) with LGE compared with 6 (2.0%) without (HR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.8–13.5; P=0.002) died suddenly, whereas 10 patients (9.9%) with LGE compared with 1 patient (0.3%) without (HR, 34.8; 95% CI, 4.6–266.6; P<0.001) had aborted SCD. After adjustment, LGE predicted the composite end point (HR, 9.3; 95% CI, 3.9–22.3; P<0.0001), SCD (HR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.7–13.8; P=0.003), and aborted SCD (HR, 35.9; 95% CI, 4.8–271.4; P<0.001). Estimated HRs for the primary end point for patients with an LGE extent of 0% to 2.5%, 2.5% to 5%, and >5% compared with those without LGE were 10.6 (95% CI, 3.9–29.4), 4.9 (95% CI, 1.3–18.9), and 11.8 (95% CI, 4.3–32.3), respectively. Conclusions: Midwall LGE identifies a group of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and an LVEF ≥40% at increased risk of SCD and low risk of nonsudden death who may benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00930735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Halliday
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Ankur Gulati
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Aamir Ali
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Kaushik Guha
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Simon Newsome
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Monika Arzanauskaite
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Vassilios S Vassiliou
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Amrit Lota
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Cemil Izgi
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Upasana Tayal
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Zohya Khalique
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Colin Stirrat
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Dominique Auger
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Nilesh Pareek
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Tevfik F Ismail
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Stuart D Rosen
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Ali Vazir
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Francisco Alpendurada
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - John Gregson
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Martin R Cowie
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - John G F Cleland
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Stuart A Cook
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.).
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- From National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit (B.P.H., A.G., A.A., M.A., V.S.V., A.L. C.I., U.T. Z.K., D.A., F.A., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.), Department of Cardiology (K.G., N.P., S.D.R., A.V., M.R.C.), Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (B.P.H., A.A., K.G., V.S.V., A.L., U.T., S.D.R., A.V., F.A., M.R.C., J.G.F.C., S.A.C., D.J.P., S.K.P.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.N., J.G.); Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom (V.S.V., M.P.F); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.S.); King's College London and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (T.F.I.); Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.D.R.); and National Heart Centre Singapore (S.A.C.)
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Tseng CC, Noordali H, Sani M, Madhani M, Grant DM, Frenneaux MP, Zanda M, Greig IR. Development of Fluorinated Analogues of Perhexiline with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties and Retained Efficacy. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2780-2789. [PMID: 28277663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized perhexiline analogues that have the same therapeutic profile as the parent cardiovascular drug but lacking its metabolic liability associated with CYP2D6 metabolism. Cycloalkyl perhexiline analogues 6a-j were found to be unsuitable for further development, as they retained a pharmacokinetic profile very similar to that shown by the parent compound. Multistep synthesis of perhexiline analogues incorporating fluorine atoms onto the cyclohexyl ring(s) provided a range of different fluoroperhexiline analogues. Of these, analogues 50 (4,4-gem-difluoro) and 62 (4,4,4',4'-tetrafluoro) were highly stable and showed greatly reduced susceptibility to CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. In vitro efficacy studies demonstrated that a number of derivatives retained acceptable potency against CPT-1. Having the best balance of properties, 50 was selected for further evaluation. Like perhexiline, it was shown to be selectively concentrated in the myocardium and, using the Langendorff model, to be effective in improving both cardiac contractility and relaxation when challenged with high fat buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Tseng
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, U.K
| | - Hannah Noordali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Monica Sani
- C.N.R.-I.C.R.M. , Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.,KemoTech s.r.l. , Parco Scientifico della Sardegna, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Denis M Grant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, U.K.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7UQ, U.K
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, U.K.,C.N.R.-I.C.R.M. , Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Iain R Greig
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, U.K
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43
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Ormerod JOM, Evans JDW, Contractor H, Beretta M, Arif S, Fernandez BO, Feelisch M, Mayer B, Kharbanda RK, Frenneaux MP, Ashrafian H. Human Second Window Pre-Conditioning and Post-Conditioning by Nitrite Is Influenced by a Common Polymorphism in Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:13-21. [PMID: 28280793 PMCID: PMC5329169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pre-conditioning is an exciting physiological phenomenon that, despite great efforts, has so far resisted translation to mainstream clinical medicine. Many potential triggers (e.g., ischemia of the organ in question or a remote organ, many different drugs) have been investigated, but recent work has implicated activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) as central to the process. A genetic polymorphism, known as ALDH2*2, is common worldwide (present in up to 40% of Han Chinese people) and produces a functionally different enzyme. The authors used a variety of protocols in the human ischemic forearm model, in participants with both enzyme types, to assess cytoprotection with low-dose sodium nitrite and attempt to further elucidate the role of ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian O M Ormerod
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D W Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hussain Contractor
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Beretta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Sayqa Arif
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Rajesh K Kharbanda
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Houman Ashrafian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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44
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Schwarz K, Singh S, Parasuraman SK, Bruce M, Shepstone L, Feelisch M, Minnion M, Ahmad S, Horowitz J, Dawson DK, Frenneaux MP. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of sodium nitrate in patients with stable angina INAS. Future Cardiol 2016; 12:617-626. [PMID: 27730819 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In an aging western population, a significant number of patients continue to suffer from angina once all revascularization and optimal medical treatment options are exhausted. Under experimental conditions, oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate was shown to exhibit a blood pressure-lowering effect, and has also been shown to promote angiogenesis, improve endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial efficiency in skeletal muscle. It is unknown whether similar changes occur in cardiac muscle. In the current study, we investigate whether oral sodium nitrate treatment will improve myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schwarz
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, UK
| | - Satnam Singh
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Satish Kumar Parasuraman
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research & Education Building James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Maggie Bruce
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lee Shepstone
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research & Education Building James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | | | - Shakil Ahmad
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - John Horowitz
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dana K Dawson
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research & Education Building James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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45
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Parasuraman S, Walker S, Loudon BL, Gollop ND, Wilson AM, Lowery C, Frenneaux MP. Assessment of pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography-A comprehensive review. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2016; 12:45-51. [PMID: 28616542 PMCID: PMC5454185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a pathological haemodynamic condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mmHg at rest, assessed using gold standard investigation by right heart catheterisation. Pulmonary hypertension could be a complication of cardiac or pulmonary disease, or a primary disorder of small pulmonary arteries. Elevated pulmonary pressure (PAP) is associated with increased mortality, irrespective of the aetiology. The gold standard for diagnosis is invasive right heart catheterisation, but this has its own inherent risks. In the past 30 years, immense technological improvements in echocardiography have increased its sensitivity for quantifying pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and it is now recognised as a safe and readily available alternative to right heart catheterisation. In the future, scores combining various echo techniques can approach the gold standard in terms of sensitivity and accuracy, thereby reducing the need for repeated invasive assessments in these patients. Raised artery pulmonary pressure (PAP) is associated with increased mortality. We review the eight published echo techniques to assess PAP by echocardiography. Knowledge of all the echo techniques could avoid need for invasive tests. A scoring system combining various echo-derived measurements of PAP is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seamus Walker
- Norwich and Norfolk University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Brodie L Loudon
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Gollop
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Crystal Lowery
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, Bob-Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
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46
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Bowater SE, Weaver RA, Beadle RM, Frenneaux MP, Marshall JM, Clift PF. Assessment of the Physiological Adaptations to Chronic Hypoxemia in Eisenmenger Syndrome. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2016; 11:341-7. [PMID: 27198869 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by severe and lifelong hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension. Despite this, patients do surprisingly well and report a reasonable quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these patients undergo adaptation of their skeletal and cardiac muscle energy metabolism which would help explain this paradox. DESIGN AND SETTING Ten patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and eight age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers underwent symptom-limited treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing, transthoracic echocardiography and (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Five subjects from each group also underwent near infrared spectroscopy to assess muscle oxygenation. RESULTS Despite having a significantly lower peak VO2 , patients with Eisenmenger syndrome have a similar skeletal muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery, a measure of oxidative capacity, when compared to healthy controls (34.9 s ± 2.9 s vs. 35.2 s ± 1.7 s, P = .9). Furthermore their intracellular pH falls to similar levels during exercise suggesting they are not reliant on early anaerobic metabolism (0.3 ± 0.06 vs. 0.28 ± 0.04, P = .7). While their right ventricular systolic function remained good, the Eisenmenger group had a lower cardiac PCr/ATP ratio compared to the control group (1.55 ± 0.10 vs. 2.17 ± 0.15, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These results show that adult patients with Eisenmenger syndrome have undergone beneficial physiological adaptations of both skeletal and cardiac muscle. This may, in part, explain their surprisingly good survival despite a lifetime of severe hypoxemia and adverse cardiopulmonary hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bowater
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R A Weaver
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R M Beadle
- Department of Cardiology, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - M P Frenneaux
- Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - J M Marshall
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P F Clift
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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47
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Loudon BL, Noordali H, Gollop ND, Frenneaux MP, Madhani M. Present and future pharmacotherapeutic agents in heart failure: an evolving paradigm. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1911-24. [PMID: 26993743 PMCID: PMC4882493 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many conditions culminate in heart failure (HF), a multi‐organ systemic syndrome with an intrinsically poor prognosis. Pharmacotherapeutic agents that correct neurohormonal dysregulation and haemodynamic instability have occupied the forefront of developments within the treatment of HF in the past. Indeed, multiple trials aimed to validate these agents in the 1980s and early 1990s, resulting in a large and robust evidence‐base supporting their use clinically. An established treatment paradigm now exists for the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but there have been very few notable developments in recent years. HF remains a significant health concern with an increasing incidence as the population ages. We may indeed be entering the surgical era for HF treatment, but these therapies remain expensive and inaccessible to many. Newer pharmacotherapeutic agents are slowly emerging, many targeting alternative therapeutic pathways, but with mixed results. Metabolic modulation and manipulation of the nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide pathway have shown promise and could provide the answers to fill the therapeutic gap between medical interventions and surgery, but further definitive trials are warranted. We review the significant evidence base behind the current medical treatments for HFrEF, the physiology of metabolic impairment in HF, and discuss two promising novel agents, perhexiline and nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brodie L Loudon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Hannah Noordali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D Gollop
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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48
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Dawson DK, Neil CJ, Henning A, Cameron D, Jagpal B, Bruce M, Horowitz J, Frenneaux MP. The Authors Reply. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:635-6. [PMID: 26897677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Leyva F, Umar F, Taylor RJ, Steeds RP, Frenneaux MP. The clinical outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy in post-surgical valvular cardiomyopathy. Europace 2016; 18:732-8. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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50
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Borgognone A, Loka T, Chimen M, Rainger E, Feelisch M, Watson SP, Frenneaux MP, Madhani M. Nitrite is a cGMP generator in isolated platelets. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4565568 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-16-s1-a65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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