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Domi A, Cadeddu D, Lucente E, Gobbo F, Edvardsson C, Petrella M, Jerlhag E, Ericson M, Söderpalm B, Adermark L. Pre- and postsynaptic signatures in the prelimbic cortex associated with "alcohol use disorder" in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01887-2. [PMID: 38755284 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The transition to alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves persistent neuroadaptations in executive control functions primarily regulated by the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the neurophysiological correlates to behavioral manifestations of AUD are not fully defined. The association between cortical neuroadaptations and behavioral manifestations of addiction was studied using a multi-symptomatic operant model based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for AUD. This model aimed to characterize an AUD-vulnerable and AUD-resistant subpopulation of outbred male Wistar rats and was combined with electrophysiological measurements in the prelimbic cortex (PL). Mirroring clinical observations, rats exhibited individual variability in their vulnerability to develop AUD-like behavior, including motivation to seek for alcohol (crit 1), increased effort to obtain the substance (crit 2), and continued drinking despite negative consequences (crit 3). Only a small subset of rats met all the aforementioned AUD criteria (3 crit, AUD-vulnerable), while a larger fraction was considered AUD-resilient (0 crit). The development of AUD-like behavior was characterized by disruptions in glutamatergic synaptic activity, involving decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and heightened intrinsic excitability in layers 2/3 PL pyramidal neurons. These alterations were concomitant with a significant impairment in the ability of mGlu2/3 receptors to negatively regulate glutamate release in the PL but not in downstream regions like the basolateral amygdala or nucleus accumbens core. In conclusion alterations in PL synaptic activity were strongly associated with individual addiction scores, indicating their role as potential markers of the behavioral manifestations linked to AUD psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden.
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden.
| | - Davide Cadeddu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Erika Lucente
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christian Edvardsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Michele Petrella
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- The Clinic for Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
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2
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Calleja-Conde J, Echeverry-Alzate V, Bühler KM, Morales-García JÁ, Segovia-Rodríguez L, Durán-González P, Olmos P, de Fonseca FR, Giné E, López-Moreno JA. Dissecting operant alcohol self-administration using saccharin-fading procedure. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:12-22. [PMID: 36727594 PMCID: PMC10009421 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol use disorder is a complex human pathology, the use of animal models represents an opportunity to study some aspects of this pathology. One of the most used paradigms to study the voluntary alcohol consumption in rodents is operant self-administration (OSA). AIMS In order to facilitate the performance of this paradigm, we aim to describe some critical steps of OSA under a saccharin-fading procedure. MATERIAL & METHODS We used 40 male Wistar rats to study the process of acquiring the operant response through a saccharin-fading procedure under a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. Next, we analyze the alcohol introduction and concentration increase, the effect of an alcohol deprivation, and the analogy between this paradigm with the Drinking in the Dark-Multiple Scheduled Access paradigm. RESULTS During alcohol concentration increase, animals reduced their lever presses in accordance with the increase in alcohol concentration. On the contrary, the consumption measured in g·kg-1 BW showed a great stability. The lever presses pattern within operant session changes with the introduction of different alcohol concentrations: at higher alcohol concentrations, animals tended to accumulate most of their presses in the initial period of the session. DISCUSSION We show the utility of fading with low concentrations of saccharin and the evolution of the operant response through the different concentrations of alcohol. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results aimed to dissect the acquisition and maintenance of OSA behavior as well as other related variables, to facilitate the understanding and performance of this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Echeverry-Alzate
- School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Somosaguas Campus, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,IMABIS Foundation, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Carlos Haya Regional University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kora-Mareen Bühler
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Somosaguas Campus, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Segovia-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Somosaguas Campus, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Durán-González
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Somosaguas Campus, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Olmos
- Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Giné
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio López-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Somosaguas Campus, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Domi E, Barchiesi R, Barbier E. Epigenetic Dysregulation in Alcohol-Associated Behaviors: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36717533 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by loss of control over intake and drinking despite harmful consequences. At a molecular level, AUD is associated with long-term neuroadaptations in key brain regions that are involved in reward processing and decision-making. Over the last decades, a great effort has been made to understand the neurobiological basis underlying AUD. Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as an important mechanism in the regulation of long-term alcohol-induced gene expression changes. Here, we review the literature supporting a role for epigenetic processes in AUD. We particularly focused on the three most studied epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, Histone modification and non-coding RNAs. Clinical studies indicate an association between AUD and DNA methylation both at the gene and global levels. Using behavioral paradigms that mimic some of the characteristics of AUD, preclinical studies demonstrate that changes in epigenetic mechanisms can functionally impact alcohol-associated behaviors. While many studies support a therapeutic potential for targeting epigenetic enzymes, more research is needed to fully understand their role in AUD. Identification of brain circuits underlying alcohol-associated behaviors has made major advances in recent years. However, there are very few studies that investigate how epigenetic mechanisms can affect these circuits or impact the neuronal ensembles that promote alcohol-associated behaviors. Studies that focus on the role of circuit-specific and cell-specific epigenetic changes for clinically relevant alcohol behaviors may provide new insights on the functional role of epigenetic processes in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esi Domi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barchiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Alcohol Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Estelle Barbier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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4
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Jadhav KS, Boury Jamot B, Deroche‐Gamonet V, Belin D, Boutrel B. Towards a machine-learning assisted diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and their operationalization in preclinical research: Evidence from studies on addiction-like behaviour in individual rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6069-6083. [PMID: 36215170 PMCID: PMC10092243 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, there has been a progressive transition from a categorical to a dimensional approach to psychiatric disorders. Especially in the case of substance use disorders, interest in the individual vulnerability to transition from controlled to compulsive drug taking warrants the development of novel dimension-based objective stratification tools. Here we drew on a multidimensional preclinical model of addiction, namely the 3-criteria model, previously developed to identify the neurobehavioural basis of the individual's vulnerability to switch from controlled to compulsive drug taking, to test a machine-learning assisted classifier objectively to identify individual subjects as vulnerable/resistant to addiction. Datasets from our previous studies on addiction-like behaviour for cocaine or alcohol were fed into a variety of machine-learning algorithms to develop a classifier that identifies resilient and vulnerable rats with high precision and reproducibility irrespective of the cohort to which they belong. A classifier based on K-median or K-mean-clustering (for cocaine or alcohol, respectively) followed by artificial neural networks emerged as a highly reliable and accurate tool to predict if a single rat is vulnerable/resilient to addiction. Thus, each rat previously characterized as displaying 0-criterion (i.e., resilient) or 3-criteria (i.e., vulnerable) in individual cohorts was correctly labelled by this classifier. The present machine-learning-based classifier objectively labels single individuals as resilient or vulnerable to developing addiction-like behaviour in a multisymptomatic preclinical model of addiction-like behaviour in rats. This novel dimension-based classifier increases the heuristic value of these preclinical models while providing proof of principle to deploy similar tools for the future of diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij S. Jadhav
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
- Cambridge Laboratory for Research on Impulsive/Compulsive spectrum Disorders (CLIC), Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Benjamin Boury Jamot
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - David Belin
- Cambridge Laboratory for Research on Impulsive/Compulsive spectrum Disorders (CLIC), Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Benjamin Boutrel
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
- Division of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
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5
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Magliaro C, Ahluwalia A. Biomedical Research on Substances of Abuse: The Italian Case Study. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:423-436. [PMID: 36222242 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221132215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substances of abuse have the potential to cause addiction, habituation or altered consciousness. Most of the research on these substances focuses on addiction, and is carried out through observational and clinical studies on humans, or experimental studies on animals. The transposition of the EU Directive 2010/63 into Italian law in 2014 (IT Law 2014/26) includes a ban on the use of animals for research on substances of abuse. Since then, in Italy, public debate has continued on the topic, while the application of the Article prohibiting animal research in this area has been postponed every couple of years. In the light of this debate, we briefly review a range of methodologies - including animal and non-animal, as well as patient or population-based studies - that have been employed to address the biochemical, neurobiological, toxicological, clinical and behavioural effects of substances of abuse and their dependency. We then discuss the implications of the Italian ban on the use of animals for such research, proposing concrete and evidence-based solutions to allow scientists to pursue high-quality basic and translational studies within the boundaries of the regulatory and legislative framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Magliaro
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Centre for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Centre for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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6
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Timme NM, Ma B, Linsenbardt D, Cornwell E, Galbari T, Lapish CC. Compulsive alcohol drinking in rodents is associated with altered representations of behavioral control and seeking in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3990. [PMID: 35810193 PMCID: PMC9271071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature of compulsive alcohol drinking is continuing to drink despite negative consequences. To examine the changes in neural activity that underlie this behavior, compulsive alcohol drinking was assessed in a validated rodent model of heritable risk for excessive drinking (alcohol preferring (P) rats). Neural activity was measured in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC-a brain region involved in maladaptive decision-making) and assessed via change point analyses and novel principal component analyses. Neural population representations of specific decision-making variables were measured to determine how they were altered in animals that drink alcohol compulsively. Compulsive animals showed weakened representations of behavioral control signals, but strengthened representations of alcohol seeking-related signals. Finally, chemogenetic-based excitation of dmPFC prevented escalation of compulsive alcohol drinking. Collectively, these data indicate that compulsive alcohol drinking in rats is associated with alterations in dmPFC neural activity that underlie diminished behavioral control and enhanced seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Timme
- Psychology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA.
| | - Baofeng Ma
- Psychology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA
| | - David Linsenbardt
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ethan Cornwell
- Psychology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA
| | - Taylor Galbari
- Psychology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA
| | - Christopher C Lapish
- Psychology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA
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7
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Yunusoğlu O. Evaluation of the effects of quercetin on the rewarding property of ethanol in mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136383. [PMID: 34864087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavonoid quercetin has several pharmacological effects on the nervous system. Previous research showed that quercetin has useful influences on some mechanisms that are relevant in drug and substance addiction. Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism, is a disorder that influences the population in all walks of life. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether quercetin affects the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (ethanol-CPP) in adolescent mice. METHODS CPP was established by administration of intraperitoneal (i.p.) ethanol (2.0 g/kg) in a conditioning trial. The mice were pretreated with quercetin (at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before each ethanol injection to test the effects of quercetin on the reward properties of ethanol. Ethanol-CPP was extinguished (13-days) by repeated testing, during which conditioned mice were given different doses of quercetin every day. Lastly, efficacy of quercetin in preventing reinstatement of ethanol-CPP triggers was also assessed by the administration of single dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Quercetin pretreatment attenuated the acquisition and reinstatement. In addition, quercetin administration accelerated the extinction of ethanol-CPP. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results may cast a novel light on quercetin as an agent that could be potentially useful to attenuate different effects of ethanol and as adjuvant pharmacotherapy for ethanol addiction. However, future studies are needed to demonstrate the detailed underlying mechanisms of quercetin on ethanol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, 14030 Bolu, Turkey.
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8
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Smeets JAS, Minnaard AM, Ramakers GMJ, Adan RAH, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Lesscher HMB. On the interrelation between alcohol addiction-like behaviors in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1115-1128. [PMID: 35020046 PMCID: PMC8986720 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder that only occurs in a minority of alcohol users. Various behavioral constructs, including excessive intake, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and resistance to punishment have been implicated in AUD, but their interrelatedness is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was therefore to explore the relation between these AUD-associated behavioral constructs in rats. We hypothesised that a subpopulation of animals could be identified that, based on these measures, display consistent AUD-like behavior. METHODS Lister Hooded rats (n = 47) were characterised for alcohol consumption, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and quinine-adulterated alcohol consumption. The interrelation between these measures was evaluated through correlation and cluster analyses. In addition, addiction severity scores were computed using different combinations of the behavioral measures, to assess the consistency of the AUD-like subpopulation. RESULTS We found that the data was uniformly distributed, as there was no significant tendency of the behavioral measures to cluster in the dataset. On the basis of multiple ranked addiction severity scores, five animals (~ 11%) were classified as displaying AUD-like behavior. The composition of the remaining subpopulation of animals with the highest addiction severity score (9 rats; ~ 19%) varied, depending on the combination of measures included. CONCLUSION Consistent AUD-like behavior was detected in a small proportion of alcohol drinking rats. Alcohol consumption, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and punishment resistance contribute in varying degrees to the AUD-like phenotype across the population. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the heterogeneity of AUD-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A. S. Smeets
- Department of Population Health Sciences, unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Maryse Minnaard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert M. J. Ramakers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger A. H. Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louk J. M. J. Vanderschuren
- Department of Population Health Sciences, unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi M. B. Lesscher
- Department of Population Health Sciences, unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Rath M, Tawfic J, Abrorkhujaeva A, Sowell S, Wu S, Eans SO, Peris J, McLaughlin JP, Stevens SM, Liu B. Binge ethanol consumption-associated behavioral impairments in male mice using a gelatin-based drinking-in-the dark model. Alcohol 2021; 95:25-36. [PMID: 34029701 PMCID: PMC10629591 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute intoxication caused by binge ethanol drinking is linked to widespread impairments in brain functions. Various alcohol administration paradigms have been used in animals to model the heterogeneous clinical manifestation of intoxication in people. It is challenging to model a procedure that produces "visible intoxication" in rodents; however, manipulation of variables such as route of alcohol administration, time of availability, frequency, and duration and amount of ethanol exposure has achieved some success. In the current study, we employed a modified drinking-in-the-dark model to assess the validity of this model in producing "post-ethanol consumption intoxication" impairments following prolonged repeated daily voluntary "binge" ethanol consumption. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were allowed a daily 3-h access to non-alcoholic plain or ethanol-containing gel during the dark cycle for a total of 83 days. After the initial 2-month daily DID, ethanol intake patterns were intensely characterized during the next 3 weeks. Immediately following the last DID session (day 83), plain and ethanol gel-consuming mice were then subjected to behavioral tests of locomotor ability and/or anxiety (cylinder, wire grip, open field) followed by blood ethanol concentration measurement. RESULT Mice exhibited a relatively consistent ethanol consumption pattern during and across daily access periods. Ethanol intake of individual mice positively correlated with blood ethanol concentration that averaged 61.64 ± 2.84 mg/dL (n = 12). Compared to the plain gel-consuming control mice, ethanol gel mice exhibited significant locomotor impairment as well as anxiety-like behavior, with the magnitude of impairments of key indices well correlated with blood ethanol levels. CONCLUSION The gelatin vehicle-based voluntary ethanol drinking-in-the-dark model reliably produced post consumption acute movement impairments as well as anxiety-like behaviors even after 2 months of daily binge ethanol consumption in male mice. Taken together, this mouse binge ethanol model should facilitate the investigation of mechanisms of binge drinking in subjects chronically abusing ethanol and the search for effective novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Rath
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Jasmin Tawfic
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Aziza Abrorkhujaeva
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Sam Sowell
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Sara Wu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Joanna Peris
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States.
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10
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Vanderschuren LJMJ, Ahmed SH. Animal Models of the Behavioral Symptoms of Substance Use Disorders. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a040287. [PMID: 32513674 PMCID: PMC8327824 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To more effectively manage substance use disorders, it is imperative to understand the neural, genetic, and psychological underpinnings of addictive behavior. To contribute to this understanding, considerable efforts have been made to develop translational animal models that capture key behavioral characteristics of addiction on the basis of DSM5 criteria of substance use disorders. In this review, we summarize empirical evidence for the occurrence of addiction-like behavior in animals. These symptoms include escalation of drug use, neurocognitive deficits, resistance to extinction, exaggerated motivation for drugs, increased reinstatement of drug seeking after extinction, preference for drugs over nondrug rewards, and resistance to punishment. The occurrence of addiction-like behavior in laboratory animals has opened the opportunity to investigate the neural, genetic, and psychological background of key aspects of addiction, which may ultimately contribute to the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Serge H Ahmed
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Neurocampus, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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11
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Domi E, Xu L, Toivainen S, Nordeman A, Gobbo F, Venniro M, Shaham Y, Messing RO, Visser E, van den Oever MC, Holm L, Barbier E, Augier E, Heilig M. A neural substrate of compulsive alcohol use. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabg9045. [PMID: 34407947 PMCID: PMC8373126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake remains controlled in a majority of users but becomes "compulsive," i.e., continues despite adverse consequences, in a minority who develop alcohol addiction. Here, using a footshock-punished alcohol self-administration procedure, we screened a large population of outbred rats to identify those showing compulsivity operationalized as punishment-resistant self-administration. Using unsupervised clustering, we found that this behavior emerged as a stable trait in a subpopulation of rats and was associated with activity of a brain network that included central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Activity of PKCδ+ inhibitory neurons in the lateral subdivision of CeA (CeL) accounted for ~75% of variance in punishment-resistant alcohol taking. Activity-dependent tagging, followed by chemogenetic inhibition of neurons activated during punishment-resistant self-administration, suppressed alcohol taking, as did a virally mediated shRNA knockdown of PKCδ in CeA. These findings identify a previously unknown mechanism for a core element of alcohol addiction and point to a novel candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esi Domi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden.
| | - Li Xu
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
- Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanne Toivainen
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Anton Nordeman
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Esther Visser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lovisa Holm
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Estelle Barbier
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Eric Augier
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
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12
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Pohořalá V, Enkel T, Bartsch D, Spanagel R, Bernardi RE. Sign- and goal-tracking score does not correlate with addiction-like behavior following prolonged cocaine self-administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2335-2346. [PMID: 33950271 PMCID: PMC8292273 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In classical conditioning, sign-tracking reflects behavior directed toward a conditioned stimulus (CS) in expectation of a reward (unconditioned stimulus, US); in contrast, goal-tracking describes behavior directed toward the location of delivery of a US. As cues previously paired with drugs of abuse promote drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior in both animals and humans and thus contribute to the severity of substance abuse, sign-tracking may represent a maladaptive cue-focused behavior that may increase addiction vulnerability as compared to goal-tracking. Recent studies do, in fact, support this possibility. Previous work in this area has focused primarily on paradigms using relatively limited exposure to drug rather than extended drug intake. OBJECTIVES Here, we used the DSM-IV-based 3-criteria (3-CRIT) model and examined whether a relationship exists between sign- or goal-tracking phenotypes and the prevalence of criteria associated with addiction-like behavior following extended cocaine self-administration as measured in this model. METHODS Forty-six male Sprague Dawley rats underwent a Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) procedure and were characterized along a continuum as goal-trackers (GTs), intermediates (INTs), or sign-trackers (STs). The animals were subsequently trained to intravenous self-administer cocaine during 45 self-administration (SA) sessions and characterized for the 3 criteria outlined in the model: persistence of drug-seeking, motivation for cocaine-taking, and resistance to punishment. RESULTS We performed correlational analyses on the traits measured, finding no relationships between PCA score and addiction-like characteristics measured using the 3-CRIT model of addiction. However, STs showed significantly greater resistance to punishment than GTs. CONCLUSIONS Phenotyping along a continuum of PCA scores may not be a valid predictor for identifying vulnerability to the addiction-like behaviors examined using the 3-CRIT model. However, PCA phenotype may predict a single feature of the 3-CRIT model, resistance to punishment, among those rats classified as either STs or GTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pohořalá
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Enkel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rick E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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13
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McNamara TA, Ito R. Relationship between voluntary ethanol drinking and approach-avoidance biases in the face of motivational conflict: novel sex-dependent associations in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1817-1832. [PMID: 33783557 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aberrant approach-avoidance conflict processing may contribute to compulsive seeking that characterizes addiction. Exploration of the relationship between drugs of abuse and approach-avoidance behavior remains limited, especially with ethanol. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of voluntary ethanol consumption on approach-avoidance conflict behavior and to examine the potential approach/avoidance bias to predict drinking in male and female rats. METHODS Long-Evans rats consumed ethanol for 5 weeks under the intermittent access two-bottle choice (IA2BC) paradigm. Approach-avoidance tendencies were assessed before and after IA2BC drinking using a previously established cued approach-avoidance conflict maze task and the elevated plus maze (EPM). RESULTS Female rats displayed higher consumption of and preference for ethanol than males. In the conflict task, males showed greater approach bias towards cues predicting conflict than females. In females only, a median split and regression analysis of cued-conflict preference scores revealed that the more conflict-avoidant group displayed higher intake and preference for ethanol in the first few weeks of drinking. In both sexes, ethanol drinking did not affect cued-conflict preference, but ethanol exposure led to increased time spent in the central hub in the males only. Finally, anxiety levels in EPM predicted subsequent onset of ethanol drinking in males only. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight sex and individual differences in both drinking and approach-avoidance bias in the face of cued conflict and further suggest that cued-conflict preference should be examined as a potential predictor of ethanol drinking. Ethanol exposure may also affect the timing of decision-making in the face of conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner A McNamara
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rutsuko Ito
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada. .,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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14
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Marti‐Prats L, Belin‐Rauscent A, Fouyssac M, Puaud M, Cocker PJ, Everitt BJ, Belin D. Baclofen decreases compulsive alcohol drinking in rats characterized by reduced levels of GAT-3 in the central amygdala. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13011. [PMID: 33527681 PMCID: PMC8603926 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While most individuals with access to alcohol drink it recreationally, some vulnerable individuals eventually lose control over their intake and progressively develop compulsive alcohol drinking and decreased interest in alternative sources of reinforcement, two key features of addiction. The neural and molecular mechanisms underlying this vulnerability to switch from controlled to compulsive alcohol intake have not been fully elucidated. It has been shown that rats having reduced levels of expression of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter, GAT-3, in the amygdala tend to persist in seeking and drinking alcohol even when adulterated with quinine, suggesting that pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring GABA homeostasis in these individuals may provide a targeted treatment to limit compulsive alcohol drinking. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, which decreases GABA release, specifically reduces compulsive alcohol drinking in vulnerable individuals. In a large cohort of Sprague-Dawley rats allowed to drink alcohol under an intermittent two-bottle choice procedure, a cluster of individuals was identified that persisted in drinking alcohol despite adulteration with quinine or when an alternative ingestive reinforcer, saccharin, was available. In these rats, which were characterized by decreased GAT-3 mRNA levels in the central amygdala, acute baclofen administration (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) resulted in a decrease in compulsive drinking. These results indicate that low GAT-3 mRNA levels in the central amygdala may represent an endophenotype of vulnerability to develop a compulsive drinking of alcohol that is shown here to be mitigated by baclofen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxime Fouyssac
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Mickaël Puaud
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Paul J Cocker
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - David Belin
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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15
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Domi E, Domi A, Adermark L, Heilig M, Augier E. Neurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1585-1614. [PMID: 33704789 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction treatment is to prevent relapse, which occurs in more than >50% of newly abstinent patients with alcohol disorder within 3 months. In people suffering from alcohol addiction, stressful events, drug-associated cues and contexts, or re-exposure to a small amount of alcohol trigger a chain of behaviors that frequently culminates in relapse. In this review, we first present the preclinical models that were developed for the study of alcohol seeking behavior, namely the reinstatement model of alcohol relapse and compulsive alcohol seeking under a chained schedule of reinforcement. We then provide an overview of the neurobiological findings obtained using these animal models, focusing on the role of opioids systems, corticotropin-release hormone and neurokinins, followed by dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmissions in alcohol seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esi Domi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ana Domi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eric Augier
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Sgobbi RF, Nobre MJ. Differential effects of early exposure to alcohol on alcohol preference and blood alcohol levels in low- and high-anxious rats. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2753-2768. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Preclinical methodological approaches investigating of the effects of alcohol on perinatal and adolescent neurodevelopment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:436-451. [PMID: 32681938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite much evidence of its economic and social costs, alcohol use continues to increase. Much remains to be known as to the effects of alcohol on neurodevelopment across the lifespan and in both sexes. We provide a comprehensive overview of the methodological approaches to ethanol administration when using animal models (primarily rodent models) and their translational relevance, as well as some of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Special consideration is given to early developmental periods (prenatal through adolescence), as well as to the types of research questions that are best addressed by specific methodologies. The zebrafish is used increasingly in alcohol research, and how to use this model effectively as a preclinical model is reviewed as well.
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18
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Riga D, Schmitz LJ, Mourik Y, Hoogendijk WJ, De Vries TJ, Smit AB, Spijker S. Stress vulnerability promotes an alcohol-prone phenotype in a preclinical model of sustained depression. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12701. [PMID: 30561063 PMCID: PMC6916303 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depression and alcohol‐related disorders frequently co‐occur. Depression severity weighs on the magnitude and persistence of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD), with severe implications for disease prognosis. Here, we investigated whether depression vulnerability drives propensity to AUD at the preclinical level. We used the social defeat–induced persistent stress (SDPS) model of chronic depression in combination with operant alcohol self‐administration (SA). Male Wistar rats were subjected to social defeat (five episodes) and prolonged social isolation (~12 weeks) and subsequently classified as SDPS‐prone or SDPS‐resilient based on their affective and cognitive performance. Using an operant alcohol SA paradigm, acquisition, motivation, extinction, and cue‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking were examined in the two subpopulations. SDPS‐prone animals showed increased alcohol SA, heightened motivation to acquire alcohol, persistent alcohol seeking despite alcohol unavailability, signs of extinction resistance, and increased cue‐induced relapse; the latter could be blocked by the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist guanfacine. In SDPS‐resilient rats, prior exposure to social defeat increased alcohol SA without affecting any other measures of alcohol seeking and alcohol taking. Our data revealed that depression proneness confers vulnerability to alcohol, emulating patterns of alcohol dependence seen in human addicts, and that depression resilience to a large extent protects from the development of AUD‐like phenotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that stress exposure alone, independently of depressive symptoms, alters alcohol intake in the long‐term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Leanne J.M. Schmitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Yvar Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Taco J. De Vries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
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19
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Contreras A, Polín E, Miguéns M, Pérez-García C, Pérez V, Ruiz-Gayo M, Morales L, Del Olmo N. Intermittent-Excessive and Chronic-Moderate Ethanol Intake during Adolescence Impair Spatial Learning, Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in the Adulthood. Neuroscience 2019; 418:205-217. [PMID: 31491502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent and excessive ethanol consumption over very short periods of time, known as binge drinking, is common in the adolescence, considered a vulnerable period to the effects of alcohol in terms of cognitive performance. One of the brain functions most drastically affected by ethanol in adolescent individuals seems to be spatial learning and memory dependent on the hippocampus. In the current study we have focused on the long-lasting effects on spatial learning and memory of intermittent and excessive alcohol consumption compared to chronic and moderate alcohol exposure during adolescence. Five-week old male Wistar rats consumed ethanol for 24 days following two different self-administration protocols that differed in the intake pattern. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated in the radial arm maze. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was assessed by measuring field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Hippocampal expression of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits as well as levels of phosphorylated Ser9-GSK3β (the inactive form of GSK3β) were also quantified. Our results show that both patterns of ethanol intake during adolescence impair spatial learning, memory and cognitive flexibility in the adulthood in a dose-dependent way. Nevertheless, changes in synaptic plasticity, gene expression and levels of inactive GSK3β depended on the pattern of ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Contreras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Polín
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Miguéns
- Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Prediction Model of Alcohol Intoxication from Facial Temperature Dynamics Based on K-Means Clustering Driven by Evolutionary Computing. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intoxication is a significant phenomenon, affecting many social areas, including work procedures or car driving. Alcohol causes certain side effects including changing the facial thermal distribution, which may enable the contactless identification and classification of alcohol-intoxicated people. We adopted a multiregional segmentation procedure to identify and classify symmetrical facial features, which reliably reflects the facial-temperature variations while subjects are drinking alcohol. Such a model can objectively track alcohol intoxication in the form of a facial temperature map. In our paper, we propose the segmentation model based on the clustering algorithm, which is driven by the modified version of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) evolutionary optimization with the goal of facial temperature features extraction from the IR (infrared radiation) images. This model allows for a definition of symmetric clusters, identifying facial temperature structures corresponding with intoxication. The ABC algorithm serves as an optimization process for an optimal cluster’s distribution to the clustering method the best approximate individual areas linked with gradual alcohol intoxication. In our analysis, we analyzed a set of twenty volunteers, who had IR images taken to reflect the process of alcohol intoxication. The proposed method was represented by multiregional segmentation, allowing for classification of the individual spatial temperature areas into segmentation classes. The proposed method, besides single IR image modelling, allows for dynamical tracking of the alcohol-temperature features within a process of intoxication, from the sober state up to the maximum observed intoxication level.
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21
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Echeverry-Alzate V, Bühler KM, Calleja-Conde J, Huertas E, Maldonado R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santiago C, Gómez-Gallego F, Santos A, Giné E, López-Moreno JA. Adult-onset hypothyroidism increases ethanol consumption. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1187-1197. [PMID: 30470859 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Only in Europe it can be estimated that more than 20 million of people would be affected by hypothyroidism in some moment of their life. Given that ethanol consumption is so frequent, it would be reasonable to ask what the consequences of ethanol consumption in those individuals affected by hypothyroidism are. OBJECTIVES To study the interaction between hypothyroidism and ethanol consumption. METHODS We study ethanol consumption in a rat model of methyl-mercaptoimidazole-induced-adult-onset hypothyroidism and thyroid T4/T3 hormone supplementation. Also, we studied the effects of ethanol on motor activity, memory, and anxiety. RESULTS We found that hypothyroidism increased the voluntary ethanol consumption and that this was enhanced by thyroid hormone supplementation. Hypothyroidism was associated with motor hyperactivity which was prevented either by T4/T3 supplementation or ethanol. The relationship between hypothyroidism, ethanol, and anxiety was more complex. In an anxiogenic context, hypothyroidism and T4/T3 supplementation would increase immobility, an anxiety-like behavior, while in a less anxiogenic context would decrease rearing, a behavior related to anxiety. Regarding memory, acute ethanol administration did not alter episodic-like memory in hypothyroid rats. Gene expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism of ethanol, i.e., Adh1 and Aldh2, were altered by hypothyroidism and T4/T3 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hypothyroid patients would need personalized attention in terms of ethanol consumption. In addition, they point that it would be useful to embrace the thyroid axis in the study of ethanol addiction, including as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of alcoholism and its comorbid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Echeverry-Alzate
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - K M Bühler
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Calleja-Conde
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Huertas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes & Speech Therapy, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Maldonado
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Fundación IMABIS, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - C Santiago
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Gómez-Gallego
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), La Rioja, Spain
| | - A Santos
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Giné
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A López-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Campus de Somosaguas, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Advances in behavioral animal models of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol 2019; 74:73-82. [PMID: 30424979 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disease that combines behavioral, psychosocial, and neurobiological aspects. Over the previous decade, animal models have advanced in modeling the major psychological constructs that characterize AUD. These advances pave the road for more sophisticated behavioral models that capture addiction-related aspects, such as alcohol craving, compulsive seeking and intake, dependence, and relapse. In this review, we survey the recent progress in behavioral animal modeling of five aspects of AUD: alcohol consumption, dependence, and seeking; compulsivity in alcohol intake despite adverse outcomes; vulnerability and resilience factors in alcohol addiction; relapse despite treatment; and relapse prevention by manipulating alcohol-associated memory reconsolidation. These advances represent a general attempt to grasp the complexity and multidimensional nature of AUD, and to focus on behavioral characteristics that better reflect and model this disorder.
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23
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Domi A, Stopponi S, Domi E, Ciccocioppo R, Cannella N. Sub-dimensions of Alcohol Use Disorder in Alcohol Preferring and Non-preferring Rats, a Comparative Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:3. [PMID: 30760988 PMCID: PMC6364792 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent animal models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are centered in capturing individual vulnerability differences in disease progression. Here, we used genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) and Wistars rats to apply a multidimensional model of AUD adapted from a previously described DSM-IV/DSM-5 multisymptomatic cocaine addiction model. As proof of concept, we hypothesized that msP rats, genetically selected for excessive drinking, would be more prone to develop dependence-like behavior compared to Wistars. Before exposure of animals to alcohol, we monitored basal anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Animals were then trained in prolonged operant alcohol self-administration, consisting of 30-min daily sessions for 60 days in total. Each session consisted of two 10-min periods of alcohol reinforcement separated by 10-min interval of non-reinforcement. Following training, we applied three criteria of individual vulnerability for AUD: (1) persistence of lever pressing for alcohol when it was not available; (2) motivation for alcohol in a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement; and (3) resistance to punishment when alcohol delivery was anticipated by a foot-shock (0.3 mA). We obtained four groups corresponding to the number of criteria met (0–3 crit). Rats in the 0crit and 1crit groups were characterized as resilient, whereas rats in the 2crit and 3crit groups were characterized as prone to develop a dependent-like phenotype. As predicted, the 2–3crit groups were enriched with msP rats while the 0–1crit groups were enriched in Wistar rats. In further analysis, we calculated the global addiction score (GAS) per subject by the sum of the normalized score (z-score) of each criterion. Results showed GAS was highly correlated with animal distribution within the 3 criteria. Specifically, GAS was negative in the 0–1crit groups, and positive in the 2–3crit groups. A positive correlation between basal anxiety and quantity of alcohol intake was detected in msP rats but not Wistars. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the 0/3criteria model is a suitable approach to study individual differences in AUD and that msP rats, selected for excessive-alcohol drinking, show a higher propensity to develop AUD compared to non-preferring Wistars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Serena Stopponi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Esi Domi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Jadhav KS, Peterson VL, Halfon O, Ahern G, Fouhy F, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Boutrel B. Gut microbiome correlates with altered striatal dopamine receptor expression in a model of compulsive alcohol seeking. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:249-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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