1
|
Ju HJ, Kang H, Han JH, Lee JH, Lee S, Bae JM. All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among Patients with Vitiligo: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:125-132.e3. [PMID: 37517513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common autoimmune skin disorder; however, there is limited information about risks of mortality among patients with vitiligo. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mortality in patients with vitiligo. A population-based cohort study was conducted using the data linkage of the National Health Insurance Service database and the National Death Registry. Patients with incident vitiligo were matched with sociodemographic factors-matched controls without vitiligo in a 1:5 ratio. All-cause and cause-specific mortalities were compared between patients with vitiligo and controls. In total, 107,424 patients with incident vitiligo and 537,120 matched controls were included. The mortality rates were 34.8 and 45.3 per 10,000 person-years in patients and controls, respectively. Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly lower risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.72-0.78). The cause-specific mortality from infectious diseases, oncologic diseases, hematologic diseases, endocrine diseases, neurologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and renal/urogenital disease was significantly lower in patients with vitiligo. Patients with vitiligo were associated with a lower risk of mortality, suggesting that vitiligo-associated autoimmunity might contribute to reduced morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Ju
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karampinis E, Aloizou AM, Zafiriou E, Bargiota A, Skaperda Z, Kouretas D, Roussaki-Schulze AV. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Vitamin D: The "Lost Sunlight" Paradox and the Oxidative Stress Explanation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051107. [PMID: 37237973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UV radiation (UVR) is responsible for inducing both harmful and beneficial effects on skin health. Specifically, it has been reported to disrupt oxidant and antioxidant levels, leading to oxidative stress conditions in skin tissue. This phenomenon might trigger photo-carcinogenesis, resulting in melanoma, NMSC (non-melanoma skin cancer), such as BCC (basal cell carcinoma) and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma), and actinic keratosis. On the other hand, UVR is essential for the production of adequate vitamin D levels, a hormone with important antioxidant, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. The exact mechanisms implicated in this two-fold action are not well understood, as there still no clear relation established between skin cancer and vitamin D status. Oxidative stress seems to be a neglected aspect of this complex relation, despite its role in both skin cancer development and vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the correlation between vitamin D and oxidative stress in skin cancer patients. A total of 100 subjects (25 with SCC, 26 with BCC, 23 with actinic keratosis, and 27 controls) were assessed in terms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and redox markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma, glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase activity in erythrocytes. The majority of our patients revealed low vitamin D levels; 37% of the subjects showed deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and 35% insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL). The mean 25(OH) D level of the NMSC patients (20.87 ng/mL) was also found to be significantly lower (p = 0.004) than that of the non-cancer patients (28.14 ng/mL). Furthermore, higher vitamin D levels were also correlated with lower oxidative stress (positive correlation with GSH, catalase activity TAC index and negative correlation with TBARS and CARBS indices). NMSC patients diagnosed with SCC showed lower catalase activity values compared to non-cancer patients (p < 0.001), with the lowest values occurring in patients with a chronic cancer diagnosis (p < 0.001) and vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). Higher GSH levels (p = 0.001) and lower TBARS levels (p = 0.016) were found in the control group compared to the NMSC group, and to patients with actinic keratosis. Higher levels of CARBS were observed in patients with SCC (p < 0.001). Non-cancer patients with vitamin D sufficiency showed higher TAC values compared to non-cancer patients with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.023) and to NMSC patients (p = 0.036). The above-mentioned results indicate that NMSC patients reveal increased levels of oxidative damage markers compared to control levels, while vitamin D status plays a critical role in the determination of individuals' oxidative status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Karampinis
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Klinikum Bochum, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology, University General Hospital Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piovani D, Brunetta E, Bonovas S. UV radiation and air pollution as drivers of major autoimmune conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115449. [PMID: 36764434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases comprise a very heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disruptive immune responses against self-antigens, chronic morbidity and increased mortality. The incidence and prevalence of major autoimmune conditions are particularly high in the western world, at northern latitudes, and in industrialized countries. This study will mainly focus on five major autoimmune conditions, namely type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a protective role of sunlight exposure on the etiology of major autoimmune conditions mediated by the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide. A historical perspective shows how the rise of anthropogenic air pollutants is temporally associated with dramatic increases in incidence of these conditions. The scattering caused by ambient particulate matter and the presence of tropospheric ozone can reduce the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide, which are implicated in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Air pollutants have direct detrimental effects on the human body and are deemed responsible of an increasingly higher portion of the annual burden of human morbidity and mortality. Air pollution contributes in systemic inflammation, activates oxidative pathways, induces epigenetic alterations, and modulates the function and phenotype of dendritic cells, Tregs, and T-cells. In this review, we provide epidemiological and mechanistic insights regarding the role of UV-mediated effects in immunity and how anthropic-derived air pollution may affect major autoimmune conditions through direct and indirect mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Araújo MM, Mendes MM, Costa LM, Lima RM, Lanham-New SA, Baiocchi de Carvalho KM, Botelho PB. Determinant factors of bone health after long-term of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2023; 108:111937. [PMID: 36640632 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate bone health and the potential influencing factors of bone metabolism disorders in adults ≥5 y after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients who were ≥5 y post-RYGB were invited. Bone health considered as bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in this study was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry. We also assessed 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations, individual ultraviolet B radiation levels, serum ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid, anthropometric, and body composition. RESULTS The study evaluated 104 adults (90% women; 49.6 ± 9.1 y old; postoperative period 8.7 ± 2.2 y). Lumbar and femoral BMC and BMD were positively correlated to body mass index (BMI), appendicular lean mass (ALM), and negatively to %excess of weight loss (EWL). Femoral BMD was negatively correlated to age, and both femoral BMD and BMC were positively correlated to weekly exposed body part score. Sex, age, BMI, ALM, and weekly exposed body part score explained 35% and 54% of the total variance of femoral BMD and BMC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggested that older age, lower BMI, higher %EWL, lower ALM, and lower weekly body part exposure score are important determinants in lowering BMD and BMC parameters in long-term post-bariatric surgery individuals, rather than serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Morais Costa
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moreno Lima
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Myronchenko S, Zvyagintseva T, Gridina N, Kytsiuk N, Zhelnin Y. THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND PEROXYNITRITE IN THE ERYTHEMAL PERIOD OF ULTRAVIOLET-INDUCED SKIN DAMAGE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1737-1741. [PMID: 37740964 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202308105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the activity of inducible NO synthase in the blood, the content of NO metabolites and peroxynitrite in the skin and blood of guinea pigs during erythema periods after local ultraviolet skin irradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The studies were carried out on 24 guinea pigs, subjected to local ultraviolet irradiation. The control group consisted of intact guinea pigs (n=6). After 2, 4 hours, on the 3rd, 8th day, the activity of inducible NO synthase (in blood), the content of total NO metabolites, nitrite anion, nitrates, peroxynitrite (in blood and skin) were determined. RESULTS Results: An increase in the level of peroxynitrite in the blood and of all NO metabolites in the skin was noted 2 hours after irradiation. After 4 hours activation of inducible NO synthase in the blood was observed, accompanied by an increase in the content of all NO metabolites and peroxynitrite both in the blood and in the skin. On the 3rd day high levels of excessive synthesis of NO and peroxynitrite in the blood and skin were also revealed due to the induced expression of this enzyme in the blood. On the 8th day the activity of inducible NO synthase remained high in the blood, which led to the accumulation of all NO metabolites and peroxynitrite in the blood and skin. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Thus, local ultraviolet irradiation of the skin of guinea pigs leads to the activation of inducible NO synthase in the blood and an increase in NO synthesis and peroxynitrite in the blood and skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetyana Zvyagintseva
- STATE INSTITUTION «ROMODANOV NEUROSURGERY INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE», KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Nina Gridina
- STATE INSTITUTION «ROMODANOV NEUROSURGERY INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE», KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Nataliia Kytsiuk
- STATE INSTITUTION «ROMODANOV NEUROSURGERY INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE», KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Yehor Zhelnin
- V.N. KARAZIN KHARKIV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KHARKIV, UKRAINE
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long-term residential sunlight exposure associated with cognitive function among adults residing in Finland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20818. [PMID: 36460719 PMCID: PMC9718732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While sunlight may influence cognitive function through several pathways, associations of residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function are not well known. We evaluated associations of long-term residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function among a representative cohort of 1838 Finnish adults residing in Finland who underwent comprehensive cognitive assessment in midlife. We linked daily recordings of global solar radiation to study participants using residential information and calculated the average daily residential exposure to sunlight for four exposure time intervals: 2 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years prior to the date of the cognition assessment. Associations of the residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function were assessed using linear regression analyses adjusting for season, sex, age, and individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics. Greater average residential sunlight exposure over 2 and 5 years prior to the cognitive function assessment was associated with better global cognitive function (b = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.25; b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29, per 1 MJ/m2 difference in sunlight exposure), while no associations with global cognitive function were observed at shorter exposure time intervals. In domain-specific analyses, greater residential exposure to sunlight over 1, 2 and 5 years prior to the cognitive function assessment was associated with better performance on new learning and visual memory (b = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.20; b = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.28; b = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.31) and sustained attention (b = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.25; b = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.30; b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29), but worse performance on reaction time (b = - 0.12, 95% CI = - 0.22, - 0.02; b = -0.15, 95% CI = - 0.28, - 0.02; b = - 0.18, 95% CI = - 0.30, - 0.05). Residential sunlight exposure was not associated with executive function. These findings suggest long-term residential sunlight exposure may be an environmental factor influencing cognitive function among a cognitively healthy cohort residing in Northern Europe. Further studies in populations residing in different geographical locations are needed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang Z, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Fu J, Liu Y, Tang S, Han Y, Fan Z. Association of sunshine duration with acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions in Beijing, China: A time-series analysis within-summer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154528. [PMID: 35292318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, various epidemiological studies found that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) often shows seasonal rhythm patterning, which is usually influenced by the variations of environmental factors, such as air pollution, ambient temperature, solar activity, relative humidity. However, there are few studies on the impact of sunlight-induced AMI especially in developing countries, and they had inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine within-summer variations in the temporal association between sun exposure and AMI. METHODS We obtained hospitalization data for AMI of Beijing during 2013-2019. We used a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a quasi-Poisson regression model to estimate the non-linear lag effects of sunshine duration on AMI incidences. We evaluated the overall effect of AMI admissions with exposure to sunshine duration in the lag 0-21 days. RESULTS A total of 45,301 AMI cases were enrolled in our study during summer (June-September). The minimum of the morbidity was during days with a sunshine duration of 3.9 h. We found significant and U-shaped associations between sunshine duration and AMI, and the overall estimated relative risk was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02,1.62) and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28,2.24) for short (1st percentile) and long (99th percentile) sunshine duration, respectively. The males and younger people (<65 years) were most susceptible to these effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both short and long sunshine duration could increase the risk of AMI admissions, especially for males and younger people. We suggest that public health policymakers should fully consider the balance of the pros and cons of solar exposure, and provide appropriate public health recommendations accordingly to gain the greatest benefits from sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen'ge Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitao Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isolation of five different primary cell types from a single sample of human skin. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101378. [PMID: 35586317 PMCID: PMC9108981 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a technique to isolate primary keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, preadipocytes, and microvascular endothelial cells from an individual sample of human skin. The protocol describes step-by-step instructions for processing, cells isolation, and culture of neonatal foreskin, with adaptation for more demanding adult tissues. The availability of multiple isogenic cell types derived from individual skin samples offers the ability to investigate various areas of biology, in the context of cell-type specificity without potential confounding influence of inter-individual or genetic differences. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Holliman et al. (2017), Horvath et al. (2019), Horvath et al. (2018), Kabacik et al. (2018), Lowe et al. (2020), Lu et al. (2019), and Lu et al. (2018). Protocol to isolate five different primary cell types from human skin sample Modification for more demanding adult tissue Extensive characterization of each cell type Expansion and cryopreservation for biobanking
Collapse
|
9
|
Hazell G, Khazova M, Cohen H, Felton S, Raj K. Post-exposure persistence of nitric oxide upregulation in skin cells irradiated by UV-A. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9465. [PMID: 35676302 PMCID: PMC9177615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that exposure to UV-A radiation can liberate nitric oxide from skin cells eliciting vasodilation in-vivo. However, the duration of nitric oxide release in skin cells after UV exposure is not well studied, with emphasis on UV-B mediated iNOS upregulation. The current study demonstrated persistence of nitric oxide release in a dark reaction after moderate UV-A exposure, peaking around 48 h post exposure; this effect was shown in keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells from neonatal donors and keratinocytes from aged donors and confirmed the hypothesis that UV-A exposure appeared to upregulate cNOS alongside iNOS. Release of nitric oxide in the skin cells induced by a moderate exposure to UV-A in sunlight may be especially beneficial for some demographic groups such as the elderly, hypertensive patients or those with impaired nitric oxide function, not only during exposure but many hours and days after that.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Hazell
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Marina Khazova
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Howard Cohen
- Elizabeth House, 515 Limpsfield Road, Warlingham, CR6 9LF, Surrey, UK
| | - Sarah Felton
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Ken Raj
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bernicke B, Engelbogen N, Klein K, Franzenburg J, Borzikowsky C, Peters C, Janssen O, Junker R, Serrano R, Kabelitz D. Analysis of the Seasonal Fluctuation of γδ T Cells and Its Potential Relation with Vitamin D3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091460. [PMID: 35563767 PMCID: PMC9099506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in bone metabolism, vitamin D3 exerts immunomodulatory effects and has been proposed to contribute to seasonal variation of immune cells. This might be linked to higher vitamin D3 levels in summer than in winter due to differential sun exposure. γδ T cells comprise a numerically small subset of T cells in the blood, which contribute to anti-infective and antitumor immunity. We studied the seasonal fluctuation of γδ T cells, the possible influence of vitamin D3, and the effect of the active metabolite 1α,25(OH)2D3 on the in vitro activation of human γδ T cells. In a retrospective analysis with 2625 samples of random blood donors, we observed higher proportions of γδ T cells in winter when compared with summer. In a prospective study over one year with a small cohort of healthy adults who did or did not take oral vitamin D3 supplementation, higher proportions of γδ T cells were present in donors without oral vitamin D3 uptake, particularly in spring. However, γδ T cell frequency in blood did not directly correlate with serum levels of 25(OH)D3. The active metabolite 1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the in vitro activation of γδ T cells at the level of proliferation, cytotoxicity, and interferon-γ production. Our study reveals novel insights into the seasonal fluctuation of γδ T cells and the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Bernicke
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.B.); (K.K.); (C.P.); (O.J.)
| | - Nils Engelbogen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.E.); (J.F.); (R.J.)
| | - Katharina Klein
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.B.); (K.K.); (C.P.); (O.J.)
| | - Jeanette Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.E.); (J.F.); (R.J.)
| | - Christoph Borzikowsky
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.B.); (K.K.); (C.P.); (O.J.)
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.B.); (K.K.); (C.P.); (O.J.)
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.E.); (J.F.); (R.J.)
| | - Ruben Serrano
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.B.); (K.K.); (C.P.); (O.J.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.B.); (K.K.); (C.P.); (O.J.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Man MQ, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM. Role of nitric oxide in regulating epidermal permeability barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:290-298. [PMID: 34665906 PMCID: PMC8897205 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), regulates multiple cellular functions in a variety of cell types. These NOS, including endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neural NOS (nNOS), are expressed in keratinocytes. Expression levels of both iNOS and nNOS decrease with ageing, and insufficient NO has been linked to the development of a number of disorders such as diabetes and hypertension, and to the severity of atherosclerosis. Conversely, excessive NO levels can induce cellular oxidative stress, but physiological levels of NO are required to maintain the normal functioning of cells, including keratinocytes. NO also regulates cutaneous functions, including epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis and wound healing, through its stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and lipid metabolism. Topical applications of a diverse group of agents which generate nitric oxide (called NO donors) such as S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) can delay permeability barrier recovery in barrier-disrupted skin, but iNOS is still required for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. This review summarizes the regulatory role that NO plays in epidermal permeability barrier functions and the underlying mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510091, China
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodora M. Mauro
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blum A, Nicolaou C, Henghes B, Lahav O. On the anti-correlation between COVID-19 infection rate and natural UV light in the UK. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2020.11.28.20240242. [PMID: 34013288 PMCID: PMC8132262 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.28.20240242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While it is well established that the rate of COVID-19 infections can be suppressed by social distancing, environmental effects may also affect it. We consider the hypothesis that natural Ultra-Violet (UV) light is reducing COVID-19 infections by enhancing human immunity through increasing levels of Vitamin-D and Nitric Oxide or by suppressing the virus itself. We focus on the United Kingdom (UK), by examining daily COVID-19 infections (F) and UV Index (UVI) data from 23 March 2020 to 10 March 2021. We find an intriguing empirical anti-correlation between log10(F) and log10(UVI) with a correlation coefficient of -0.934 from 11 May 2020 (when the first UK lockdown ended) to 10 March 2021. The anti-correlation may reflect causation with other factors which are correlated with the UVI. We advocate that UVI should be added as a parameter in modelling the pattern of COVID-19 infections and deaths. We started quantifying such correlations in other countries and regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Blum
- Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Constantina Nicolaou
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ben Henghes
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ofer Lahav
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Man MQ, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM. Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Cutaneous Inflammation. Inflammation 2022; 45:949-964. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
14
|
Barolet AC, Litvinov IV, Barolet D. Light-induced nitric oxide release in the skin beyond UVA and blue light: Red & near-infrared wavelengths. Nitric Oxide 2021; 117:16-25. [PMID: 34536586 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is omnipresent in the body and synthesized by 3 isoenzymes (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS), all detected in human skin. NO can be stored in a pool of compounds readily converted to NO following skin irradiation by UVR and blue light. This non-enzymatic (without NOS involvement) photolytic reaction mobilizes cutaneous stores of NO derivatives to the bloodstream, lowering blood pressure. However, with the likelihood of skin deleterious effects caused by UVR/blue light, safer wavelengths in the red/near-infrared (NIR) spectrum are becoming potential contenders to release cutaneous NO, possibly via NOS temperature-dependent effects. The use of red/NIR light to mobilize NO stores from the body's largest organ (the skin) is auspicious. This review focuses on UVR, blue, red, and NIR spectra and their capacity to release NO in human skin. PubMed and Google Scholar were used as article databases to find relevant publications related to this particular field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Barolet
- Deptartment of Surgery, Experimental Surgery Graduate Training Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - I V Litvinov
- Deptartment of Surgery, Experimental Surgery Graduate Training Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Deptartment of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Graduate Training Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Barolet
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; RoseLab Skin Optics Research Laboratory, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saleh MM, Lawrence KP, Jones SA, Young AR. The photoprotective properties of α-tocopherol phosphate against long-wave UVA1 (385 nm) radiation in keratinocytes in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22400. [PMID: 34789788 PMCID: PMC8599454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UVA1 radiation (340–400 nm), especially longwave UVA1 (> 370 nm), is often ignored when assessing sun protection due to its low sunburning potential, but it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is poorly attenuated by sunscreens. This study aimed to investigate if α-tocopherol phosphate, (α-TP) a promising new antioxidant, could protect against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. HaCaT keratinocyte cell viability (24 h) was assessed with Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays. The metabolism of α-TP into α-T, assessed using mass spectrometry, and the compound's radical scavenging efficacy, assessed by the dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCFDA) ROS detection assay, was monitored in HaCaTs. The mechanism of α-TP ROS scavenging was determined using non-cell based DPPH and ORAC assays. In HaCaT keratinocytes, irradiated with 226 J/cm2 UVA1 in low-serum (2%, starved) cell culture medium, pretreatment with 80 µM α-TP significantly enhanced cell survival (88%, Alamar Blue) compared to control, whereas α-T pre-treatment had no effect survival (70%, Alamar Blue). Pre-treatment of cells with 100 μM α-TP or 100 μM α-T before 57 J/cm2 UVA1 also significantly reduced ROS generation over 2 h (24.1% and 23.9% respectively) compared to the control and resulted in α-TP bioconversion into α-T. As α-TP displayed weak antioxidant activity in the cell-free assays thus its photoprotection was assigned to its bioconversion to α-T by cellular phosphatases. Through this mechanism α-TP prevented long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenged UVA1 induced ROS in skin cells when added to the starved cell culture medium before UVA1 exposure by bioconversion into α-T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - K P Lawrence
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gopinath PM, Twayana KS, Ravanan P, John Thomas, Mukherjee A, Jenkins DF, Chandrasekaran N. Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:35. [PMID: 34496914 PMCID: PMC8424902 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, cosmetic products are very popular with both men and women to improve their appearance and increase their social acceptability. RESULTS In this study, nano-sized (30-300 nm) plastic particles were isolated from the commercial face-scrubs and treated on the human keratinocytes. The observed adherence of polyethylene nano-plastics (PENPs), polystyrene NPs (PSNPs), and face-scrubs isolated nano-plastics (NPs) on the keratin layer reveals a significant attachment of NPs from the cosmetics that are applied on the skin for a short duration. This attachment property could facilitate further adherence of protein molecules on NPs and the protein-corona formation. The protein-corona mimics protein aggregates, thereby triggers macropinocytosis, followed by the macropinolysosomal process in the cell. These internalized NPs induced the concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytoprotective activity in keratinocytes. Both single dose and chronic long-term exposure of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of NPs resulted in oxidative stress-mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition. Autophagic structures and premature aging were also observed using an electron microscopy and a senescence marker, respectively in the NPs internalized HaCaT cells incubated in a fresh, NPs-free medium. CONCLUSION Though 2D culture models have many limitations, it produces significant conceptual advancements. This work provides an insight into the NPs concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. However, 3D model studies are required to identify the detailed mechanisms of NPs toxicity and cytoprotective events in cells at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Sundar Twayana
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610 104, India.
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - David F Jenkins
- Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moattari CR, Granstein RD. Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13644. [PMID: 33724698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
Collapse
|
18
|
Temporal patterns of suicide and circulatory system disease-related mortality are inversely correlated in several countries. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 33726707 PMCID: PMC7962271 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 800,000 suicides occur worldwide annually and suicide rates are increasing faster than population growth. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of suicide remains poorly understood, which has hindered suicide prevention efforts. However, mechanistic clues may be found by studying effects of seasonality on suicide and other mortality causes. Suicides tend to peak in spring-summer periods and nadir in fall-winter periods while circulatory system disease-related mortality tends to exhibit the opposite temporal trends. This study aimed to determine for the first time whether monthly temporal cross-correlations exist between suicide and circulatory system disease-related mortality at the population level. If so and if common biological factors moderate risks for both mortality types, such factors may be discoverable and utilized to improve suicide prevention. METHODS We conducted time series analyses of monthly mortality data from northern (England and Wales, South Korea, United States) and southern (Australia, Brazil) hemisphere countries during the period 2009-2018 (N = 41.8 million all-cause mortality cases). We used a Poisson regression variant of the standard cosinor model to determine peak months of mortality. We also estimated cross-correlations between monthly mortality counts from suicide and from circulatory system diseases. RESULTS Suicide and circulatory disease-related mortality temporal patterns were negatively correlated in Australia (- 0.32), Brazil (- 0.57), South Korea (- 0.32), and in the United States (- 0.66), but no temporal correlation was discernable in England and Wales. CONCLUSIONS The negative temporal cross-correlations between these mortality types we found in 4 of 5 countries studied suggest that seasonal factors broadly and inversely moderate risks for circulatory disease-related mortality and suicide, but not in all regions, indicating that the effect is not uniform. Since the seasonal factors of temperature and light exert opposite effects on suicide and circulatory disease-related mortality in several countries, we propose that physiologically-adaptive circulatory system responses to heat and light may increase risk for suicide and should be studied to determine whether they affect suicide risk. For example, heat and light increase production and release of the bioactive gas nitric oxide and reduce circulatory system disease by relaxing blood vessel tone, while elevated nitric oxide levels are associated with suicidal behavior, inverse effects that parallel the inverse temporal mortality patterns we detected.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gutierrez Cisneros C, Bloemen V, Mignon A. Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:760. [PMID: 33671032 PMCID: PMC7957520 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO•) is a free radical gas, produced in the human body to regulate physiological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses. It is required for skin health; therefore, a lack of NO• is known to cause or worsen skin conditions related to three biomedical applications- infection treatment, injury healing, and blood circulation. Therefore, research on its topical release has been increasing for the last two decades. The storage and delivery of nitric oxide in physiological conditions to compensate for its deficiency is achieved through pharmacological compounds called NO-donors. These are further incorporated into scaffolds to enhance therapeutic treatment. A wide range of polymeric scaffolds has been developed and tested for this purpose. Hence, this review aims to give a detailed overview of the natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic polymeric matrices that have been evaluated for antimicrobial, wound healing, and circulatory dermal applications. These matrices have already set a solid foundation in nitric oxide release and their future perspective is headed toward an enhanced controlled release by novel functionalized semisynthetic polymer carriers and co-delivery synergetic platforms. Finally, further clinical tests on patients with the targeted condition will hopefully enable the eventual commercialization of these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutierrez Cisneros
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials, Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Veerle Bloemen
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials, Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.C.); (V.B.)
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arn Mignon
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials, Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.C.); (V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dan W, Park GH, Vemaraju S, Wu AD, Perez K, Rao M, Berkowitz DE, Lang RA, Yim PD. Light-Mediated Inhibition of Colonic Smooth Muscle Constriction and Colonic Motility via Opsin 3. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744294. [PMID: 34975518 PMCID: PMC8716924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsin photoreceptors outside of the central nervous system have been shown to mediate smooth muscle photorelaxation in several organs. We hypothesized that opsin receptor activation in the colon would have a similar effect and influence colonic motility. We detected Opsin 3 (OPN3) protein expression in the colonic wall and demonstrated that OPN3 was present in enteric neurons in the muscularis propria of the murine colon. Precontracted murine colon segments demonstrated blue light (BL) -mediated relaxation ex vivo. This photorelaxation was wavelength specific and was increased with the administration of the chromophore 9-cis retinal and a G protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibitor. Light-mediated relaxation of the colon was not inhibited by L-NAME or tetrodotoxin (TTX). Furthermore, BL exposure in the presence of 9-cis retinal decreased the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMC) in spontaneously contracting mouse colons ex vivo. These results demonstrate for the first time a receptor-mediated photorelaxation of colonic smooth muscle and implicate opsins as possible new targets in the treatment of spasmodic gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Dan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ga Hyun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amy D Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristina Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Peter D Yim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bertagna Silva D, Buttiglieri G, Babić S. State-of-the-art and current challenges for TiO 2/UV-LED photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic micropollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:103-120. [PMID: 33052564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED) opens new possibilities for water treatment and photoreactor design. TiO2 photocatalysis, a technology that has been continuously drawing attention, can potentially benefit from LEDs to become a sustainable alternative for the abatement of organic micropollutants (OMPs). Recently reported data on photocatalytic degradation of OMPs and their parameters of influence are here critically evaluated. The literature on OMP degradation in real water matrices, and at environmentally relevant concentrations, is largely missing, as well as the investigations of the impact of photoreactor design in pollutant degradation kinetics. The key factors for reducing UV-LED treatment technology costs are pointed out, like the increase in external quantum and wall-plug efficiencies of UV-LEDs compared to other technologies, as well as the need for an appropriate design optimizing light homogeneity in the reactor. Controlled periodic illumination, wavelength coupling and H2O2 addition are presented as efficiency enhancement options. Although electrical energy per order (EEO) values for UV-LED photocatalysis have decreased to the range of traditional mercury lamps, values are still not low enough for practical employment. Moreover, due to the adoption of high initial OMP concentration in most experiments, it is likely that most literature EEO values are overestimated. Given the process characteristics, which are favoured by translucent matrices and small diameters for more homogenous light distribution and better transportation of radicals, innovative reactor designs should explore the potential of point-of-use applications to increase photocatalysis applicability at large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Bertagna Silva
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Babić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park JW, Kim KA, Lee MG, Park JY. Effect of Short-Term Sunlight Exposure on Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate in Vitamin D3-Insufficient, Prehypertensive Patients: A Pilot Study. Complement Med Res 2020; 28:206-215. [PMID: 33147594 DOI: 10.1159/000510902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of short-term sunlight exposure on blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) in vitamin D3-insufficient, prehypertensive patients. METHODS Twenty prehypertensive male participants were prospectively enrolled in this pilot study. BP and PR were measured using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and endocrine biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS Sunlight exposure decreased 24-hour systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and PR (SBP: 132.6 mm Hg to 129.3 mm Hg, DBP: 77.6 mm Hg to 75.7 mm Hg, and PR: 76.1 bpm to 71.3 bpm, p values: 0.0011, 0.0012, and <0.0001, respectively). The decrement patterns of SBP, DBP, and PR during nighttime (SBP: 123.5 mm Hg to 117.9 mm Hg, DBP: 72.2 mm Hg to 68.0 mm Hg, and PR: 68.2 bpm to 59.1 bpm, p values: 0.0015, 0.0003, and <0.0001, respectively) were more profound compared between daytime and nighttime. Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were significantly increased (p = 0.0001) but aldosterone levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.0014) after sunlight exposure. In addition, an inverse relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and aldosterone levels was observed (R = -0.4709, p = 0.0419). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The pilot study gives promising results that it is worthwhile to evaluate short-term sunlight exposure as a potentially effective approach in decreasing BP and PR in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-insufficient prehypertensive patients in a larger trial with a control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Assis LVM, Mendes D, Silva MM, Kinker GS, Pereira-Lima I, Moraes MN, Menck CFM, Castrucci AMDL. Melanopsin mediates UVA-dependent modulation of proliferation, pigmentation, apoptosis, and molecular clock in normal and malignant melanocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118789. [PMID: 32645331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanocytes and melanoma cells express several opsins, of which melanopsin (OPN4) detects temperature and UVA radiation. To evaluate the interaction between OPN4 and UVA radiation, normal and malignant Opn4WT and Opn4KO melanocytes were exposed to three daily low doses (total 13.2 kJ/m2) of UVA radiation. UVA radiation led to a reduction of proliferation in both Opn4WT cell lines; however, only in melanoma cells this effect was associated with increased cell death by apoptosis. Daily UVA stimuli induced persistent pigment darkening (PPD) in both Opn4WT cell lines. Upon Opn4 knockout, all UVA-induced effects were lost in three independent clones of Opn4KO melanocytes and melanoma cells. Per1 bioluminescence was reduced after 1st and 2nd UVA radiations in Opn4WT cells. In Opn4KO melanocytes and melanoma cells, an acute increase of Per1 expression was seen immediately after each stimulus. We also found that OPN4 expression is downregulated in human melanoma compared to normal skin, and it decreases with disease progression. Interestingly, metastatic melanomas with low expression of OPN4 present increased expression of BMAL1 and longer overall survival. Collectively, our findings reinforce the functionality of the photosensitive system of melanocytes that may subsidize advancements in the understanding of skin related diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Pereira-Lima
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hawk JLM. Safe, mild ultraviolet-B exposure: An essential human requirement for vitamin D and other vital bodily parameter adequacy: A review. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:417-423. [PMID: 32623756 PMCID: PMC7754393 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enigma of skin sunburning, skin ageing and skin cancer and essential vitamin D production both resulting from solar ultraviolet‐B (280‐315 nm) (UVB) exposure has long puzzled photobiologists. Advice to patients by non‐photobiological clinicians is now often to sunbathe to acquire vitamin D adequacy. However, modern work shows only mild UVB exposure is needed to maintain satisfactory levels, which have been demonstrated as very similar in summer and winter from about 25° to 70° north. Even very careful high protection factor 15 sunscreen use does not prevent adequate production, although it is slightly reduced, such that obsessive use of very protective screens of 50 + might. Dark skin pigmentation too usually at most minimally impairs production. However, confinement indoors and widespread clothing cover can, but oral supplementation overcomes any such deficiency. Thus, vitamin D adequacy needs just mild regular UVB skin exposure well under sunburning levels, unlikely to cause significant skin damage. This suggests mild UVB exposure may also be needed for other bodily requirements, which is indeed so. Thus, it also prevents the development of contact dermatitis and polymorphic light eruption through suppressing adaptive immunity. It also prevents the occurrence of multiple skin infections resulting from this suppression through stimulating innate immunity and cutaneous bacterial defensin production. Finally, blood pressure is reduced through low‐dose UVB‐induced production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (though UVA, 315‐400 nm, is more efficient). Thus, mild UVB exposure is important for several aspects of internal health, whereas high‐dose exposure is extremely detrimental to cutaneous health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L M Hawk
- Emeritus Professor of Dermatological Photobiology, Photodermatology Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elbakrawy E, Kaur Bains S, Bright S, AL-Abedi R, Mayah A, Goodwin E, Kadhim M. Radiation-Induced Senescence Bystander Effect: The Role of Exosomes. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080191. [PMID: 32726907 PMCID: PMC7465498 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing Radiation (IR), especially at high doses, induces cellular senescence in exposed cultures. IR also induces “bystander effects” through signals released from irradiated cells, and these effects include many of the same outcomes observed following direct exposure. Here, we investigate if radiation can cause senescence through a bystander mechanism. Control cultures were exposed directly to 0, 0.1, 2, and 10 Gy. Unirradiated cells were treated with medium from irradiated cultures or with exosomes extracted from irradiated medium. The level of senescence was determined post-treatment (24 h, 15 days, 30 days, and 45 days) by β-galactosidase staining. Media from cultures exposed to all four doses, and exosomes from these cultures, induced significant senescence in recipient cultures. Senescence levels were initially low at the earliest timepoint, and peaked at 15 days, and then decreased with further passaging. These results demonstrate that senescence is inducible through a bystander mechanism. As with other bystander effects, bystander senescence was induced by a low radiation dose. However, unlike other bystander effects, cultures recovered from bystander senescence after repeated passaging. Bystander senescence may be a potentially significant effect of exposure to IR, and may have both beneficial and harmful effects in the context of radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Elbakrawy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.E.); (S.K.B.); (R.A.-A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Radiation Physics, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Savneet Kaur Bains
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.E.); (S.K.B.); (R.A.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Scott Bright
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Raheem AL-Abedi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.E.); (S.K.B.); (R.A.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ammar Mayah
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.E.); (S.K.B.); (R.A.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Edwin Goodwin
- Angelina Biomedical Laboratories, 2110 Deer Valley Lane, Laporte, CO 80535-9750, USA;
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.E.); (S.K.B.); (R.A.-A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bae JM, Kim YS, Choo EH, Kim MY, Lee JY, Kim HO, Park YM. Both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are decreased following long-term narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in patients with vitiligo: a propensity score matching analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:222-229. [PMID: 32702138 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic effects of long-term narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy have not been well studied in vitiligo patients. An 11-year nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database (2007-2017). OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of long-term NB-UVB phototherapy on the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in vitiligo patients. METHODS This study included vitiligo patients with ≥100 phototherapy sessions (phototherapy group, n = 3229) and <3 phototherapy sessions (no phototherapy group, n = 9687), in which covariables with age, sex, insurance type and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were matched by 1 : 3 propensity score matching. The outcomes of interest were cardiovascular (ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction) and cerebrovascular events (cerebrovascular infraction and haemorrhage). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between NB-UVB phototherapy and each event. RESULTS The risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events was significantly decreased in the phototherapy group compared with the no phototherapy group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.637, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.523-0.776]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of cardiovascular (HR: 0.682, 95% CI: 0.495-0.940) and cerebrovascular events (HR: 0.601, 95% CI: 0.470-0.769) were significantly lower in the phototherapy group than the no phototherapy group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that long-term NB-UVB phototherapy could decrease the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-S Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - E H Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-Y Kim
- CNP Skin Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-O Kim
- Line Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y M Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2589601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consideration of the implications of solar UV exposure on public health during extreme temperature events is important due to their increasing frequency as a result of climate change. In this paper public health impacts of solar UV exposure, both positive and negative, during extreme hot and cold weather in England in 2018 were assessed by analysing environmental variations in UV and temperature. Consideration was given to people’s likely behaviour, the current alert system and public health advice. During a period of severe cold weather in February-March 2018 UV daily doses were around 25–50% lower than the long-term average (1991–2017); however, this would not impact on sunburn risk or the benefit of vitamin D production. In spring 2018 unseasonably high temperatures coincided with high UV daily doses (40–75% above long-term average) on significant days: the London Marathon (22 April) and UK May Day Bank Holiday weekend, which includes a public holiday on the Monday (5–7 May). People were likely to have intermittent excess solar UV exposure on unacclimatised skin, causing sunburn and potentially increasing the risk of skin cancers. No alerts were raised for these events since they occurred outside the alerting period. During a heat-wave in summer 2018 the environmental availability of UV was high—on average of 25% above the long-term average. The public health implications are complex and highly dependent on behaviour and sociodemographic variables such as skin colour. For all three periods Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between maximum daily temperature and erythema-effective UV daily dose. Public health advice may be improved by taking account of both temperature and UV and their implications for behaviour. A health impact-based alert system would be of benefit throughout the year, particularly in spring and summer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghaly S, Hart PH, Lawrance IC. Inflammatory bowel diseases: interrelationships between dietary vitamin D, exposure to UV radiation and the fecal microbiome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:1039-1048. [PMID: 31657973 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1685874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Environmental factors and an altered fecal microbiome are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are environmental factors that are associated by several pathways, including changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome, with the development and course of IBD.Area covered: This review explores the interaction of vitamin D, and UVR, with the intestinal innate and adaptive immune systems, and how they may influence the gut microbiome and the subsequent development, and progression, of IBD.Expert opinion: Vitamin D and UVR both regulate innate and adaptive immunity through a combination of common and independent mechanisms, with the overall effect being the promotion of immune tolerance. Vitamin D, and to a lesser extent UVR, can modify the gastrointestinal microbiome either directly, or through immune-mediated mechanisms and this may explain the effect on intestinal inflammation in animal models of IBD and some clinical studies. Thus, both vitamin D and UVR exposure can be considered potential 'master regulators' of gastrointestinal immunity, fine-tuning the complex interaction between genetics, host immunity and the gut microbiome. Further research and increased understanding of environment-host interactions is essential to achieving the ultimate goal of preventing and curing IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ghaly
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Inflammation, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Inflammation, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ian C Lawrance
- Inflammation, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang KF, Ma KH, Jhap TY, Liu PS, Chueh SH. Ultraviolet B irradiation induced Nrf2 degradation occurs via activation of TRPV1 channels in human dermal fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:220-232. [PMID: 31220549 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes cellular oxidative stress. Under redox imbalance, Keap1-dependent Nrf2 degradation is minimal. In this study, we examined the role of Ca2+ in Nrf2 homeostasis after UVB irradiation using human dermal fibroblasts. UVB irradiation stimulates 12-lipoxygenase and the product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid then activates TRPV1 increasing the cell's cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. UVB irradiation induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis are inhibited in the absence of Ca2+ or in the presence of either a 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor or a TRPV1 inhibitor during and after UVB irradiation. Thus, the Ca2+ increase via TRPV1 is a critical factor in UVB irradiation induced oxidative stress. UVB irradiation induces a Ca2+ dependent Nrf2 degradation and thus activation of TRPV1 with 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid also decreasing Nrf2 levels. UVB irradiation induced Nrf2 degradation is inhibited by co-treatment of cells with W-7, cyclosporin A, SB-216763 or MG-132, which are inhibitors of calmodulin, calcineurin, GSK3β and the proteasome, respectively. Furthermore, UVB irradiation in parallel induces GSK3β dephosphorylation in a Ca2+ dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that UVB irradiation induces an increase in Nrf2 phosphorylation, an increase in the binding of β-TrCP and Nrf2, and an increase in Nrf2 ubiquitination; these effects are all Ca2+ dependent. These findings suggest that UVB irradiation induced GSK3β activation in a Ca2+ dependent manner, which then stimulates the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Nrf2 via β-TrCP. Indeed, silencing of β-TrCP was found to inhibit UVB irradiation-induced oxidative stress, Nrf2 degradation and apoptosis, while it had no effect on the Ca2+ increase. Taken together, our results suggest that a Ca2+ influx via TRPV1 is responsible for UVB irradiation-induced Nrf2 degradation and that modulation of the Ca2+-calmodulin-calcineurin-GSK3β-Nrf2-β-TrCP-Cullin-1 pathway may explain Ca2+ dependent Nrf2 degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tian-You Jhap
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McLellan LJ, O’Mahoney P, Khazova M, Higlett M, Ibbotson SH, Eadie E. Ultraviolet radiation exposure during daylight Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
31
|
Lawrence KP, Douki T, Sarkany RPE, Acker S, Herzog B, Young AR. The UV/Visible Radiation Boundary Region (385-405 nm) Damages Skin Cells and Induces "dark" Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers in Human Skin in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12722. [PMID: 30143684 PMCID: PMC6109054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (~295–400 nm) on the skin are well documented, especially in the UVB region (~295–320 nm). The effects of very long-wave UVA (>380 nm) and visible radiation (≥400 nm) are much less known. Sunscreens have been beneficial in inhibiting a wide range of photodamage, however most formulations provide very little protection in the long wave UVA region (380–400 nm) and almost none from shortwave visible wavelengths (400–420 nm). We demonstrate photodamage in this region for a number of different endpoints including cell viability, DNA damage (delayed cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers), differential gene expression (for genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and photoageing) and induction of oxidizing species in vitro in HaCaT keratinocytes and in vivo in human volunteers. This work has implications for phototherapy and photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Thierry Douki
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES/CIBEST, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Robert P E Sarkany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Bernd Herzog
- BASF Grenzach GmbH, Grenzach-Whylen, 79639, Germany
| | - Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hart PH, Norval M, Byrne SN, Rhodes LE. Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:55-81. [PMID: 30125148 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pathways in skin that modulate psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo; suppresses cutaneous lesions of graft-versus-host disease; and regulates some infection and vaccination outcomes. While polymorphic light eruption and the cutaneous photosensitivity of systemic lupus erythematosus are triggered by UVR, polymorphic light eruption also frequently benefits from UVR-induced immunomodulation. For systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, schizophrenia, autism, and cardiovascular disease, any positive consequences of UVR exposure are more speculative, but could occur through the actions of UVR-induced regulatory cells and mediators, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, interleukin-10, and nitric oxide. Reduced UVR exposure is a risk factor for the development of several inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions, including diseases initiated in early life. This suggests that UVR-induced molecules can regulate cell maturation in developing organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia;
| | - Mary Norval
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom;
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; .,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu H, Wang N, Yao L, Chen Q, Zhang R, Qian J, Hou Y, Guo W, Fan S, Liu S, Zhao Q, Du F, Zuo X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Li J, Xue T, Zhong K, Song X, Huang G, Xiong W. Moderate UV Exposure Enhances Learning and Memory by Promoting a Novel Glutamate Biosynthetic Pathway in the Brain. Cell 2018; 173:1716-1727.e17. [PMID: 29779945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure is known to affect mood, learning, and cognition. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that moderate UV exposure elevated blood urocanic acid (UCA), which then crossed the blood-brain barrier. Single-cell mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling revealed a novel intra-neuronal metabolic pathway converting UCA to glutamate (GLU) after UV exposure. This UV-triggered GLU synthesis promoted its packaging into synaptic vesicles and its release at glutamatergic terminals in the motor cortex and hippocampus. Related behaviors, like rotarod learning and object recognition memory, were enhanced after UV exposure. All UV-induced metabolic, electrophysiological, and behavioral effects could be reproduced by the intravenous injection of UCA and diminished by the application of inhibitor or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against urocanase, an enzyme critical for the conversion of UCA to GLU. These findings reveal a new GLU biosynthetic pathway, which could contribute to some of the sunlight-induced neurobehavioral changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031 Hefei, China
| | - Yiwen Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Sijia Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Siling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Feng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Yujun Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031 Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The effects of two different doses of ultraviolet-A light exposure on nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory outcomes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29516257 PMCID: PMC5959980 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated different doses of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light on plasma nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory variables. Methods Ten healthy male participants completed three experimental conditions, 7 days apart. Participants were exposed to no light (CON); 10 J cm2 (15 min) of UV-A light (UVA10) and 20 J cm2 (30 min) of UV-A light (UVA20) in a randomized order. Plasma nitrite [NO2−] and nitrate [NO3−] concentrations, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before, immediately after exposure and 30 min post-exposure. Whole body oxygen utilization (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙O2), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skin temperature were recorded continuously. Results None of the measured parameters changed significantly during CON (all P > 0.05). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙O2 and RMR were significantly reduced immediately after UVA10 (P < 0.05) despite no change in plasma [NO2−] (P > 0.05). Immediately after exposure to UVA20, plasma [NO2−] was higher (P = 0.014) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙O2 and RMR tended to be lower compared to baseline (P = 0.06). There were no differences in [NO2−] or \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙O2 at the 30 min time point in any condition. UV-A exposure did not alter systolic BP, diastolic BP or MAP (all P > 0.05). UV-A light did not alter plasma [NO3−] at any time point (all P > 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates that a UV-A dose of 20 J cm2 is necessary to increase plasma [NO2−] although a smaller dose is capable of reducing \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$\end{document}V˙O2 and RMR at rest. Exposure to UV-A did not significantly reduce BP in this cohort of healthy adults. These data suggest that exposure to sunlight has a meaningful acute impact on metabolic function.
Collapse
|
35
|
Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Magalhães-Marques KK, Castrucci AMDL. Melanopsin and rhodopsin mediate UVA-induced immediate pigment darkening: Unravelling the photosensitive system of the skin. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:150-162. [PMID: 29395480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skin has a photosensitive system comprised by several opsins, including rhodopsin (OPN2) and melanopsin (OPN4). Recently, our group showed that UVA (4.4 kJ/m2) leads to immediate pigment darkening (IPD) in murine normal and malignant melanocytes. We show the role of OPN2 and OPN4 as UVA sensors: UVA-induced IPD was fully abolished when OPN4 was pharmacologically inhibited by AA9253 or when OPN2 and OPN4 were knocked down by siRNA in both cell lines. Our data, however, demonstrate that phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway, a classical OPN4 pathway, is not involved in UVA-induced IPD in either cell line. Nonetheless, in both cell types we have shown that: a) intracellular calcium signal is necessary for UVA-induced IPD; b) the involvement of CaMK II, whose inhibition, abolished the UVA-induced IPD; c) the role of CAMK II/NOS/sGC/cGMP pathway in the process since inhibition of either NOS or sGC abolished the UVA-induced IPD. Taken altogether, we show that OPN2 and OPN4 participate in IPD induced by UVA in murine normal and malignant melanocytes through a conserved common pathway. Interestingly, upon knockdown of OPN2 or OPN4, the UVA-driven IPD is completely lost, which suggests that both opsins are required and cooperatively signal in murine both cell lines. The participation of OPN2 and OPN4 system in UVA radiation-induced response, if proven to take place in human skin, may represent an interesting pharmacological target for the treatment of depigmentary disorders and skin-related cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keila Karoline Magalhães-Marques
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|