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Sato Y, Takanaka S, Izumi SI. Alteration of Interhemispheric Inhibition in Patients With Lateral Epicondylalgia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104440. [PMID: 38065465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Patients with lateral epicondylalgia (LE) show alterations in the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the affected side. Cortical alterations have been investigated by measuring intracortical facilitation/inhibition; however, their association with pain remains controversial. Furthermore, no studies have investigated changes in interhemispheric inhibition (IHI). IHI can be assessed using the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) known as the temporary inhibition of electromyographic activity evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the ipsilateral M1 of the contracting muscle. To better understand the relationship between cortical alterations and pain in LE, this observational study investigated the relationship between iSP and pain in LE. Twenty-seven healthy volunteers and 21 patients with LE were recruited. The duration of iSP in the extensor carpi radialis brevis was measured. The IHI asymmetry ratio was calculated to determine the IHI balance. Pain and disability were scored using the Japanese version of the patient-rated elbow evaluation. We observed increased inhibitory input from the ipsilateral M1 on the affected side to the contralateral M1 in LE. Additionally, the IHI balance correlated with pain severity. Hence, regulating imbalanced IHI can potentially decrease lateral elbow pain in LE. PERSPECTIVE: Patients with lateral epicondylalgia (LE) experience persistent pain and cortical alterations. However, there is no established relationship between cortical alterations and pain. This study demonstrated that the interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) balance is correlated with pain. Regulating imbalanced IHI can potentially decrease lateral elbow pain in patients with LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sato
- Course of Rehabilitation, Department of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Aoba-ku, City, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shun Takanaka
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
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Chiappini E, Turrini S, Zanon M, Marangon M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Driving Hebbian plasticity over ventral premotor-motor projections transiently enhances motor resonance. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:211-220. [PMID: 38387557 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making sense of others' actions relies on the activation of an action observation network (AON), which maps visual information about observed actions onto the observer's motor system. This motor resonance process manifests in the primary motor cortex (M1) as increased corticospinal excitability finely tuned to the muscles engaged in the observed action. Motor resonance in M1 is facilitated by projections from higher-order AON regions. However, whether manipulating the strength of AON-to-M1 connectivity affects motor resonance remains unclear. METHODS We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 48 healthy humans. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) was administered over M1 and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), a key AON node, to induce spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in the pathway connecting them. Single-pulse TMS assessed motor resonance during action observation. RESULTS Before ccPAS, action observation increased corticospinal excitability in the muscles corresponding to the observed movements, reflecting motor resonance in M1. Notably, ccPAS aimed at strengthening projections from PMv to M1 (PMv→M1) induced short-term enhancement of motor resonance. The enhancement specifically occurred with the ccPAS configuration consistent with forward PMv→M1 projections and dissipated 20 min post-stimulation; ccPAS administered in the reverse order (M1→PMv) and sham stimulation did not affect motor resonance. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that inducing STDP to strengthen PMv input to M1 neurons causally enhances muscle-specific motor resonance in M1. Our study sheds light on the plastic mechanisms that shape AON functionality and demonstrates that exogenous manipulation of AON connectivity can influence basic mirror mechanisms that underlie social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria; Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mattia Marangon
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Scienze del Movimento, Sezione di Fisiologia e Psicologia, Università di Verona, 37124, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, 346000, Talca, Chile.
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Borgomaneri S, Vitale F, Battaglia S, de Vega M, Avenanti A. Task-related modulation of motor response to emotional bodies: A TMS motor-evoked potential study. Cortex 2024; 171:235-246. [PMID: 38096756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to emotional body postures during perceptual decision-making tasks has been linked to transient suppression of motor reactivity, supporting the monitoring of emotionally relevant information. However, it remains unclear whether this effect occurs implicitly, i.e., when emotional information is irrelevant to the task. To investigate this issue, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess motor excitability while healthy participants were asked to categorize pictures of body expressions as emotional or neutral (emotion recognition task) or as belonging to a male or a female actor (gender recognition task) while receiving TMS over the motor cortex at 100 and 125 ms after picture onset. Results demonstrated that motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were reduced for emotional body postures relative to neutral postures during the emotion recognition task. Conversely, MEPs increased for emotional body postures relative to neutral postures during the gender recognition task. These findings indicate that motor inhibition, contingent upon observing emotional body postures, is selectively associated with actively monitoring emotional features. In contrast, observing emotional body postures prompts motor facilitation when task-relevant features are non-emotional. These findings contribute to embodied cognition models that link emotion perception and action tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vitale
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Manuel de Vega
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurosciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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Paparella G, De Riggi M, Cannavacciuolo A, Costa D, Birreci D, Passaretti M, Angelini L, Colella D, Guerra A, Berardelli A, Bologna M. Interhemispheric imbalance and bradykinesia features in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae020. [PMID: 38370448 PMCID: PMC10873583 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease, the connectivity between the two primary motor cortices may be altered. However, the correlation between asymmetries of abnormal interhemispheric connections and bradykinesia features has not been investigated. Furthermore, the potential effects of dopaminergic medications on this issue remain largely unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the interhemispheric connections in Parkinson's disease by transcranial magnetic stimulation and explore the potential relationship between interhemispheric inhibition and bradykinesia feature asymmetry in patients. Additionally, we examined the impact of dopaminergic therapy on neurophysiological and motor characteristics. Short- and long-latency interhemispheric inhibition was measured in 18 Parkinson's disease patients and 18 healthy controls, bilaterally. We also assessed the corticospinal and intracortical excitability of both primary motor cortices. We conducted an objective analysis of finger-tapping from both hands. Correlation analyses were performed to explore potential relationships among clinical, transcranial magnetic stimulation and kinematic data in patients. We found that short- and long-latency interhemispheric inhibition was reduced (less inhibition) from both hemispheres in patients than controls. Compared to controls, finger-tapping movements in patients were slower, more irregular, of smaller amplitudes and characterized by a progressive amplitude reduction during movement repetition (sequence effect). Among Parkinson's disease patients, the degree of short-latency interhemispheric inhibition imbalance towards the less affected primary motor cortex correlated with the global clinical motor scores, as well as with the sequence effect on the most affected hand. The greater the interhemispheric inhibition imbalance towards the less affected hemisphere (i.e. less inhibition from the less to the most affected primary motor cortex than that measured from the most to the less affected primary motor cortex), the more severe the bradykinesia in patients. In conclusion, the inhibitory connections between the two primary motor cortices in Parkinson's disease are reduced. The interhemispheric disinhibition of the primary motor cortex may have a role in the pathophysiology of specific bradykinesia features in patients, i.e. the sequence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paparella
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Martina De Riggi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | - Davide Costa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Daniele Birreci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | | | - Donato Colella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Guerra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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Neige C, Vassiliadis P, Ali Zazou A, Dricot L, Lebon F, Brees T, Derosiere G. Connecting the dots: harnessing dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify the causal influence of medial frontal areas on the motor cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11339-11353. [PMID: 37804253 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation has been widely employed to investigate the influence of cortical structures on the primary motor cortex. Here, we leveraged this technique to probe the causal influence of two key areas of the medial frontal cortex, namely the supplementary motor area and the medial orbitofrontal cortex, on primary motor cortex. We show that supplementary motor area stimulation facilitates primary motor cortex activity across short (6 and 8 ms) and long (12 ms) inter-stimulation intervals, putatively recruiting cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortico-cortical circuits, respectively. Crucially, magnetic resonance imaging revealed that this facilitatory effect depended on a key morphometric feature of supplementary motor area: individuals with larger supplementary motor area volumes exhibited more facilitation from supplementary motor area to primary motor cortex for both short and long inter-stimulation intervals. Notably, we also provide evidence that the facilitatory effect of supplementary motor area stimulation at short intervals is unlikely to arise from spinal interactions of volleys descending simultaneously from supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex. On the other hand, medial orbitofrontal cortex stimulation moderately suppressed primary motor cortex activity at both short and long intervals, irrespective of medial orbitofrontal cortex volume. These results suggest that dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation is a fruitful approach to investigate the differential influence of supplementary motor area and medial orbitofrontal cortex on primary motor cortex activity, paving the way for the multimodal assessment of these fronto-motor circuits in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Neige
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21078, Dijon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PsyR2 Team, F-69500, Bron, France
- Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 300 3969678 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Vassiliadis
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53 & 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Defitech Chair for Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdelkrim Ali Zazou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53 & 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53 & 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Lebon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21078, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Brees
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53 & 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerard Derosiere
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53 & 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Impact Team, F-69500, Bron, France
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Hernandez-Pavon JC, San Agustín A, Wang MC, Veniero D, Pons JL. Can we manipulate brain connectivity? A systematic review of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation effects. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 154:169-193. [PMID: 37634335 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is a form of dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entailing a series of single-TMS pulses paired at specific interstimulus intervals (ISI) delivered to distant cortical areas. The goal of this article is to systematically review its efficacy in inducing plasticity in humans focusing on stimulation parameters and hypotheses of underlying neurophysiology. METHODS A systematic review of the literature from 2009-2023 was undertaken to identify all articles utilizing ccPAS to study brain plasticity and connectivity. Six electronic databases were searched and included. RESULTS 32 studies were identified. The studies targeted connections within the same hemisphere or between hemispheres. 28 ccPAS studies were in healthy participants, 1 study in schizophrenia, and 1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. 2 additional studies used cortico-cortical repetitive paired associative stimulation (cc-rPAS) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. Outcome measures include electromyography (EMG), behavioral measures, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ccPAS seems to be able to modulate brain connectivity depending on the ISI. CONCLUSIONS ccPAS can be used to modulate corticospinal excitability, brain activity, and behavior. Although the stimulation parameters used across studies reviewed in this paper are varied, ccPAS is a promising approach for basic research and potential clinical applications. SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in neuroscience have caused a shift of interest from the study of single areas to a more complex approach focusing on networks of areas that orchestrate brain activity. Consequently, the TMS community is also witnessing a change, with a growing interest in targeting multiple brain areas rather than a single locus, as evidenced by an increasing number of papers using ccPAS. In light of this new enthusiasm for brain connectivity, this review summarizes existing literature and stimulation parameters that have proven effective in changing electrophysiological, behavioral, or neuroimaging-derived measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Arantzazu San Agustín
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Neural Rehabilitation Group, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Max C Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jose L Pons
- Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly, The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Borgomaneri S, Zanon M, Di Luzio P, Cataneo A, Arcara G, Romei V, Tamietto M, Avenanti A. Increasing associative plasticity in temporo-occipital back-projections improves visual perception of emotions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5720. [PMID: 37737239 PMCID: PMC10517146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is a critical node in a network specialized for perceiving emotional facial expressions that is reciprocally connected with early visual cortices (V1/V2). Current models of perceptual decision-making increasingly assign relevance to recursive processing for visual recognition. However, it is unknown whether inducing plasticity into reentrant connections from pSTS to V1/V2 impacts emotion perception. Using a combination of electrophysiological and neurostimulation methods, we demonstrate that strengthening the connectivity from pSTS to V1/V2 selectively increases the ability to perceive facial expressions associated with emotions. This behavior is associated with increased electrophysiological activity in both these brain regions, particularly in V1/V2, and depends on specific temporal parameters of stimulation that follow Hebbian principles. Therefore, we provide evidence that pSTS-to-V1/V2 back-projections are instrumental to perception of emotion from facial stimuli and functionally malleable via manipulation of associative plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Marco Zanon
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Luzio
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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Tortora F, Hadipour AL, Battaglia S, Falzone A, Avenanti A, Vicario CM. The Role of Serotonin in Fear Learning and Memory: A Systematic Review of Human Studies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1197. [PMID: 37626553 PMCID: PMC10452575 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological responses that are essential for the survival of the human species. Fear conditioning (FC) serves as a valuable model for studying the acquisition, extinction, and expression of fear. The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system is known to play a significant role in emotional and motivational aspects of human behavior, including fear learning and expression. Accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that brain regions involved in FC, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, possess a high density of 5-HT receptors, implicating the crucial involvement of serotonin in aversive learning. Additionally, studies exploring serotonin gene polymorphisms have indicated their potential influence on FC. Therefore, the objective of this work was to review the existing evidence linking 5-HT with fear learning and memory in humans. Through a comprehensive screening of the PubMed and Web of Science databases, 29 relevant studies were included in the final review. These studies investigated the relationship between serotonin and fear learning using drug manipulations or by studying 5-HT-related gene polymorphisms. The results suggest that elevated levels of 5-HT enhance aversive learning, indicating that the modulation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors regulates the expression of fear responses in humans. Understanding the role of this neurochemical messenger in associative aversive learning can provide insights into psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tortora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Via Concezione 6, 98121 Messina, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Abed L. Hadipour
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Via Concezione 6, 98121 Messina, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Falzone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Via Concezione 6, 98121 Messina, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Carmelo M. Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Via Concezione 6, 98121 Messina, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.)
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9
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Rangel BO, Novembre G, Wessel JR. Measuring the nonselective effects of motor inhibition using isometric force recordings. Behav Res Methods 2023:10.3758/s13428-023-02197-z. [PMID: 37550468 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition is a key cognitive control mechanism humans use to enable goal-directed behavior. When rapidly exerted, inhibitory control has broad, nonselective motor effects, typically demonstrated using corticospinal excitability measurements (CSE) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). For example, during rapid action-stopping, CSE is suppressed at both stopped and task-unrelated muscles. While such TMS-based CSE measurements have provided crucial insights into the fronto-basal ganglia circuitry underlying inhibitory control, they have several downsides. TMS is contraindicated in many populations (e.g., epilepsy or deep-brain stimulation patients), has limited temporal resolution, produces distracting auditory and haptic stimulation, is difficult to combine with other imaging methods, and necessitates expensive, immobile equipment. Here, we attempted to measure the nonselective motor effects of inhibitory control using a method unaffected by these shortcomings. Thirty male and female human participants exerted isometric force on a high-precision handheld force transducer while performing a foot-response stop-signal task. Indeed, when foot movements were successfully stopped, force output at the task-irrelevant hand was suppressed as well. Moreover, this nonselective reduction of isometric force was highly correlated with stop-signal performance and showed frequency dynamics similar to established inhibitory signatures typically found in neural and muscle recordings. Together, these findings demonstrate that isometric force recordings can reliably capture the nonselective effects of motor inhibition, opening the door to many applications that are hard or impossible to realize with TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Rangel
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA.
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA.
- University of Iowa, 444 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception & Action Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
| | - Jan R Wessel
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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10
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Denyer R, Greenhouse I, Boyd LA. PMd and action preparation: bridging insights between TMS and single neuron research. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:759-772. [PMID: 37244800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research has furthered understanding of human dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) function due to its unrivalled ability to measure the inhibitory and facilitatory influences of PMd over the primary motor cortex (M1) in a temporally precise manner. TMS research indicates that PMd transiently modulates inhibitory output to effector representations within M1 during motor preparation, with the direction of modulation depending on which effectors are selected for response, and the timing of modulations co-varying with task selection demands. In this review, we critically assess this literature in the context of a dynamical systems approach used to model nonhuman primate (NHP) PMd/M1 single-neuron recordings during action preparation. Through this process, we identify gaps in the literature and propose future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Denyer
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, USA
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
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11
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Vucic S, Stanley Chen KH, Kiernan MC, Hallett M, Benninger DH, Di Lazzaro V, Rossini PM, Benussi A, Berardelli A, Currà A, Krieg SM, Lefaucheur JP, Long Lo Y, Macdonell RA, Massimini M, Rosanova M, Picht T, Stinear CM, Paulus W, Ugawa Y, Ziemann U, Chen R. Clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurological disorders. Updated report of an IFCN committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 150:131-175. [PMID: 37068329 PMCID: PMC10192339 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2008;119(3):504-32) on clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in neurological diseases. Most TMS measures rely on stimulation of motor cortex and recording of motor evoked potentials. Paired-pulse TMS techniques, incorporating conventional amplitude-based and threshold tracking, have established clinical utility in neurodegenerative, movement, episodic (epilepsy, migraines), chronic pain and functional diseases. Cortical hyperexcitability has emerged as a diagnostic aid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Single-pulse TMS measures are of utility in stroke, and myelopathy even in the absence of radiological changes. Short-latency afferent inhibition, related to central cholinergic transmission, is reduced in Alzheimer's disease. The triple stimulation technique (TST) may enhance diagnostic utility of conventional TMS measures to detect upper motor neuron involvement. The recording of motor evoked potentials can be used to perform functional mapping of the motor cortex or in preoperative assessment of eloquent brain regions before surgical resection of brain tumors. TMS exhibits utility in assessing lumbosacral/cervical nerve root function, especially in demyelinating neuropathies, and may be of utility in localizing the site of facial nerve palsies. TMS measures also have high sensitivity in detecting subclinical corticospinal lesions in multiple sclerosis. Abnormalities in central motor conduction time or TST correlate with motor impairment and disability in MS. Cerebellar stimulation may detect lesions in the cerebellum or cerebello-dentato-thalamo-motor cortical pathways. Combining TMS with electroencephalography, provides a novel method to measure parameters altered in neurological disorders, including cortical excitability, effective connectivity, and response complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Vucic
- Brain, Nerve Research Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney; and Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David H Benninger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Neurosci & Neurorehab IRCCS San Raffaele-Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli; Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Currà
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Alfredo Fiorini Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Terracina, LT, Italy
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, EA4391, ENT, Créteil, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Yew Long Lo
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Marcello Massimini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Rosanova
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material," Humboldt University, Berlin Simulation and Training Center (BeST), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathy M Stinear
- Department of Medicine Waipapa Taumata Rau, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Chen
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital-UHN, Division of Neurology-University of Toronto, Toronto Canada
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12
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Turrini S, Bevacqua N, Cataneo A, Chiappini E, Fiori F, Battaglia S, Romei V, Avenanti A. Neurophysiological Markers of Premotor-Motor Network Plasticity Predict Motor Performance in Young and Older Adults. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051464. [PMID: 37239135 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is commonly associated with a decline in motor control and neural plasticity. Tuning cortico-cortical interactions between premotor and motor areas is essential for controlling fine manual movements. However, whether plasticity in premotor-motor circuits predicts hand motor abilities in young and elderly humans remains unclear. Here, we administered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using the cortico-cortical paired-associative stimulation (ccPAS) protocol to manipulate the strength of PMv-to-M1 connectivity in 14 young and 14 elderly healthy adults. We assessed changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during ccPAS as an index of PMv-M1 network plasticity. We tested whether the magnitude of MEP changes might predict interindividual differences in performance in two motor tasks that rely on premotor-motor circuits, i.e., the nine-hole pegboard test and a choice reaction task. Results show lower motor performance and decreased PMv-M1 network plasticity in elderly adults. Critically, the slope of MEP changes during ccPAS accurately predicted performance at the two tasks across age groups, with larger slopes (i.e., MEP increase) predicting better motor performance at baseline in both young and elderly participants. These findings suggest that physiological indices of PMv-M1 plasticity could provide a neurophysiological marker of fine motor control across age-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Naomi Bevacqua
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- NeXT: Unità di Ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestriari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 346000, Chile
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13
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Chiappini E, Lucero B, Santarnecchi E, Avenanti A. Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) over premotor-motor areas affects local circuitries in the human motor cortex via Hebbian plasticity. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120027. [PMID: 36925088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have shown that cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) can strengthen connectivity between the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the primary motor cortex (M1) by modulating convergent input over M1 via Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). However, whether ccPAS locally affects M1 activity remains unclear. We tested 60 right-handed young healthy humans in two studies, using a combination of dual coil TMS and ccPAS over the left PMv and M1 to probe and manipulate PMv-to-M1 connectivity, and single- and paired-pulse TMS to assess neural activity within M1. We provide convergent evidence that ccPAS, relying on repeated activations of excitatory PMv-to-M1 connections, acts locally over M1. During ccPAS, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by paired PMv-M1 stimulation gradually increased. Following ccPAS, the threshold for inducing MEPs of different amplitudes decreased, and the input-output curve (IO) slope increased, highlighting increased M1 corticospinal excitability. Moreover, ccPAS reduced the magnitude of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), reflecting suppression of GABA-ergic interneuronal mechanisms within M1, without affecting intracortical facilitation (ICF). These changes were specific to ccPAS Hebbian strengthening of PMv-to-M1 connectivity, as no modulations were observed when reversing the order of the PMv-M1 stimulation during a control ccPAS protocol. These findings expand prior ccPAS research that focused on the malleability of cortico-cortical connectivity at the network-level, and highlight local changes in the area of convergent activation (i.e., M1) during plasticity induction. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the physiological basis of ccPAS that are relevant for protocol optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuro-Engineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Boris Lucero
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca 346000, Chile
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca 346000, Chile.
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14
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Breveglieri R, Borgomaneri S, Diomedi S, Tessari A, Galletti C, Fattori P. A Short Route for Reach Planning between Human V6A and the Motor Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2116-2125. [PMID: 36788027 PMCID: PMC10039742 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1609-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the macaque monkey, area V6A, located in the medial posterior parietal cortex, contains cells that encode the spatial position of a reaching target. It has been suggested that during reach planning this information is sent to the frontal cortex along a parieto-frontal pathway that connects V6A-premotor cortex-M1. A similar parieto-frontal network may also exist in the human brain, and we aimed here to study the timing of this functional connection during planning of a reaching movement toward different spatial positions. We probed the functional connectivity between human area V6A (hV6A) and the primary motor cortex (M1) using dual-site, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation with a short (4 ms) and a longer (10 ms) interstimulus interval while healthy participants (18 men and 18 women) planned a visually-guided or a memory-guided reaching movement toward positions located at different depths and directions. We found that, when the stimulation over hV6A is sent 4 ms before the stimulation over M1, hV6A inhibits motor-evoked potentials during planning of either rightward or leftward reaching movements. No modulations were found when the stimulation over hV6A was sent 10 ms before the stimulation over M1, suggesting that only short medial parieto-frontal routes are active during reach planning. Moreover, the short route of hV6A-premotor cortex-M1 is active during reach planning irrespectively of the nature (visual or memory) of the reaching target. These results agree with previous neuroimaging studies and provide the first demonstration of the flow of inhibitory signals between hV6A and M1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT All our dexterous movements depend on the correct functioning of the network of brain areas. Knowing the functional timing of these networks is useful to gain a deeper understanding of how the brain works to enable accurate arm movements. In this article, we probed the parieto-frontal network and demonstrated that it takes 4 ms for the medial posterior parietal cortex to send inhibitory signals to the frontal cortex during reach planning. This fast flow of information seems not to be dependent on the availability of visual information regarding the reaching target. This study opens the way for future studies to test how this timing could be impaired in different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Breveglieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Diomedi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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15
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Van Malderen S, Hehl M, Verstraelen S, Swinnen SP, Cuypers K. Dual-site TMS as a tool to probe effective interactions within the motor network: a review. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:129-221. [PMID: 36065080 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (ds-TMS) is well suited to investigate the causal effect of distant brain regions on the primary motor cortex, both at rest and during motor performance and learning. However, given the broad set of stimulation parameters, clarity about which parameters are most effective for identifying particular interactions is lacking. Here, evidence describing inter- and intra-hemispheric interactions during rest and in the context of motor tasks is reviewed. Our aims are threefold: (1) provide a detailed overview of ds-TMS literature regarding inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity; (2) describe the applicability and contributions of these interactions to motor control, and; (3) discuss the practical implications and future directions. Of the 3659 studies screened, 109 were included and discussed. Overall, there is remarkable variability in the experimental context for assessing ds-TMS interactions, as well as in the use and reporting of stimulation parameters, hindering a quantitative comparison of results across studies. Further studies examining ds-TMS interactions in a systematic manner, and in which all critical parameters are carefully reported, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Van Malderen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Melina Hehl
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Verstraelen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
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16
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Wadsley CG, Cirillo J, Nieuwenhuys A, Byblow WD. Proactive Interhemispheric Disinhibition Supports Response Preparation during Selective Stopping. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1008-1017. [PMID: 36609455 PMCID: PMC9908313 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1712-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is essential for terminating inappropriate actions. A substantial response delay may occur in the nonstopped effector when only part of a multieffector action is terminated. This stopping-interference effect has been attributed to nonselective response inhibition processes and can be reduced with proactive cuing. This study aimed to elucidate the role of interhemispheric primary motor cortex (M1-M1) influences during selective stopping with proactive cuing. We hypothesized that stopping-interference would be reduced as stopping certainty increased because of proactive recruitment of interhemispheric facilitation or inhibition when cued to respond or stop, respectively. Twenty-three healthy human participants of either sex performed a bimanual anticipatory response inhibition paradigm with cues signaling the likelihood of a stop-signal occurring. Dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to determine corticomotor excitability (CME), interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), and interhemispheric facilitation (IHF) in the left hand at rest and during response preparation. Response times slowed and stopping-interference decreased with increased stopping certainty. Proactive response inhibition was marked by a reduced rate of rise and faster cancel time in electromyographical bursts during stopping. There was a nonselective release of IHI but not CME from rest to in-task response preparation, whereas IHF was not observed in either context. An effector-specific reduction in CME but no reinstatement of IHI was observed when the left hand was cued to stop. These findings indicate that stopping speed and selectivity are better with proactive cueing and that interhemispheric M1-M1 channels modulate inhibitory tone during response preparation to support going but not proactive response inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Response inhibition is essential for terminating inappropriate actions and, in some cases, may be required for only part of a multieffector action. The present study examined interhemispheric influences between the primary motor cortices during selective stopping with proactive cuing. Stopping selectivity was greater with increased stopping certainty and was marked by proactive adjustments to the hand cued to stop and hand cued to respond separately. Inhibitory interhemispheric influences were released during response preparation but were not directly involved in proactive response inhibition. These findings indicate that between-hand stopping can be selective with proactive cuing, but cue-related improvements are unlikely to reflect the advance engagement of interhemispheric influences between primary motor cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey G Wadsley
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John Cirillo
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Arne Nieuwenhuys
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Winston D Byblow
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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17
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Turrini S, Bevacqua N, Cataneo A, Chiappini E, Fiori F, Candidi M, Avenanti A. Transcranial cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) over ventral premotor-motor pathways enhances action performance and corticomotor excitability in young adults more than in elderly adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119508. [PMID: 36875707 PMCID: PMC9978108 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods such as cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) can increase the strength of functional connectivity between ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) via spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), leading to enhanced motor functions in young adults. However, whether this STDP-inducing protocol is effective in the aging brain remains unclear. In two groups of young and elderly healthy adults, we evaluated manual dexterity with the 9-hole peg task before and after ccPAS of the left PMv-M1 circuit. We observed that ccPAS enhanced dexterity in young adults, and this effect was anticipated by a progressive increase in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during ccPAS administration. No similar effects were observed in elderly individuals or in a control task. Across age groups, we observed that the magnitude of MEP changes predicted larger behavioral improvements. These findings demonstrate that left PMv-to-M1 ccPAS induces functionally specific improvements in young adults' manual dexterity and an increase in corticomotor excitability, but altered plasticity prevents the effectiveness of ccPAS in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naomi Bevacqua
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cataneo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina, NeXT: Unità di Ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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18
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Turrini S, Fiori F, Chiappini E, Santarnecchi E, Romei V, Avenanti A. Gradual enhancement of corticomotor excitability during cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14670. [PMID: 36038605 PMCID: PMC9424198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is an effective transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method for inducing associative plasticity between interconnected brain areas in humans. Prior ccPAS studies have focused on protocol’s aftereffects. Here, we investigated physiological changes induced “online” during ccPAS administration. We tested 109 participants receiving ccPAS over left ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using a standard procedure (90 paired-pulses with 8-ms interstimulus interval, repeated at 0.1 Hz frequency). On each paired-pulse, we recorded a motor-evoked potential (MEP) to continuously trace the emergence of corticomotor changes. Participant receiving forward-ccPAS (on each pair, a first TMS pulse was administered over PMv, second over M1, i.e., PMv-to-M1) showed a gradual and linear increase in MEP size that did not reach a plateau at the end of the protocol and was greater in participants with low motor threshold. Participants receiving reverse-ccPAS (i.e., M1-to-PMv) showed a trend toward inhibition. Our study highlights the facilitatory and inhibitory modulations that occur during ccPAS administration and suggest that online MEP monitoring could provide insights into the malleability of the motor system and protocol’s effectiveness. Our findings open interesting prospects about ccPAS potential optimization in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Fiori
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,NeXT: Unità di ricerca di Neurofisiologia e Neuroingegneria dell'Interazione Uomo-Tecnologia, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiappini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena. Via Rasi Spinelli 176, 47521, Cesena, Italy. .,Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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19
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Parchure S, Harvey DY, Shah-Basak PP, DeLoretta L, Wurzman R, Sacchetti D, Faseyitan O, Lohoff FW, Hamilton RH. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Polymorphism Predicts Response to Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation in Chronic Stroke Patients. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:569-577. [PMID: 35667772 PMCID: PMC8913155 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in clinically relevant neuroplasticity research depends on the degree to which stimulation induces robust, reliable effects. The high degree of interindividual and intraindividual variability observed in response to rTMS protocols, such as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), therefore represents an obstacle to its utilization as treatment for neurological disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein involved in human synaptic and neural plasticity, and a common polymorphism in the BDNF gene (Val66Met) may influence the capacity for neuroplastic changes that underlie the effects of cTBS and other rTMS protocols. While evidence from healthy individuals suggests that Val66Met polymorphism carriers may show diminished or facilitative effects of rTMS compared to their homozygous Val66Val counterparts, this has yet to be demonstrated in the patient populations where neuromodulatory therapies are most relevant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on cTBS aftereffects in stroke patients. We compared approximately 30 log-transformed motor-evoked potentials (LnMEPs) obtained per time point: at baseline and at 0, 10, 20, and 30 min after cTBS-600, from 18 patients with chronic stroke using single TMS pulses. We used linear mixed-effects regression with trial-level data nested by subject for higher statistical power. RESULTS We found a significant interaction between BDNF genotype and pre-/post-cTBS LnMEPs. Val66Val carriers showed decrease in cortical excitability, whereas Val66Met carriers exhibited a modest increase in cortical excitability for 20 min poststimulation, followed by inhibition 30 min after cTBS-600. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that BDNF genotype differentially affects neuroplastic responses to TMS in individuals with chronic stroke. This provides novel insight into potential sources of variability in cTBS response in patients, which has important implications for optimizing the utility of this neuromodulation approach. Incorporating BDNF polymorphism genetic screening to stratify patients prior to use of cTBS as a neuromodulatory technique in therapy or research may optimize response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Parchure
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denise Y Harvey
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka P Shah-Basak
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Laura DeLoretta
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Wurzman
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Sacchetti
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olufunsho Faseyitan
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Fiori F, Ciricugno A, Rusconi ML, Slaby RJ, Cattaneo Z. How Untidiness Moves the Motor System. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:399-414. [PMID: 35440258 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221086254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans tend to prefer order to disorder. Orderly environments may provide individuals with comfort due to predictability, allowing a more efficient interaction with objects. Accordingly, a disorderly environment may elicit a tendency to restore order. This order restoration tendency may be observed physiologically as modulation within corticospinal excitability; the latter has been previously associated with motor preparation. To test these hypothesized physiological indices of order restoration, we measured possible changes in corticospinal excitability, as reflected by the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex while participants viewed ordered and disordered rooms. We found that images depicting disorderly environments suppressed excitability within the corticospinal tract, in line with prior findings that motor preparation is typically associated with decreased corticospinal excitability. Interestingly, this pattern was particularly evident in individuals that displayed subclinical levels of obsessive-compulsive traits. Thus, a disorderly environment may move the motor system to restore a disorderly environment into a more orderly and predictable environment, and preparation for "order" may be observed on a sensorimotor basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiori
- Department of Psychology, 9305University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Rusconi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, 18953University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ryan J Slaby
- Department of Psychology, 9305University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Human and Social Sciences, 18953University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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21
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Tian D, Izumi SI. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Neocortical Neurons: The Micro-Macro Connection. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:866245. [PMID: 35495053 PMCID: PMC9039343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.866245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the operation of cortical circuits is an important and necessary task in both neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. The functioning of the neocortex results from integrative neuronal activity, which can be probed non-invasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Despite a clear indication of the direct involvement of cortical neurons in TMS, no explicit connection model has been made between the microscopic neuronal landscape and the macroscopic TMS outcome. Here we have performed an integrative review of multidisciplinary evidence regarding motor cortex neurocytology and TMS-related neurophysiology with the aim of elucidating the micro–macro connections underlying TMS. Neurocytological evidence from animal and human studies has been reviewed to describe the landscape of the cortical neurons covering the taxonomy, morphology, circuit wiring, and excitatory–inhibitory balance. Evidence from TMS studies in healthy humans is discussed, with emphasis on the TMS pulse and paradigm selectivity that reflect the underlying neural circuitry constitution. As a result, we propose a preliminary neuronal model of the human motor cortex and then link the TMS mechanisms with the neuronal model by stimulus intensity, direction of induced current, and paired-pulse timing. As TMS bears great developmental potential for both a probe and modulator of neural network activity and neurotransmission, the connection model will act as a foundation for future combined studies of neurocytology and neurophysiology, as well as the technical advances and application of TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduates School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Dongting Tian,
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduates School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Shin-Ichi Izumi,
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22
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Decroix J, Rossetti Y, Quesque F. Les neurones miroirs, hommes à tout faire des neurosciences : analyse critique des limites méthodologiques et théoriques. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy1.221.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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23
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Pavlova E, Semenov R, Pavlova-Deb M, Guekht A. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the premotor cortex aimed to improve hand motor function in chronic stroke patients. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Breveglieri R, Borgomaneri S, Filippini M, De Vitis M, Tessari A, Fattori P. Functional Connectivity at Rest between the Human Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex and the Primary Motor Cortex Detected by Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101357. [PMID: 34679421 PMCID: PMC8534070 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is involved in the complex processes of visuomotor integration. Its connections to the dorsal premotor cortex, which in turn is connected to the primary motor cortex (M1), complete the fronto-parietal network that supports important cognitive functions in the planning and execution of goal-oriented movements. In this study, we wanted to investigate the time-course of the functional connectivity at rest between the medial PPC and the M1 using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy humans. We stimulated the left M1 using a suprathreshold test stimulus to elicit motor-evoked potentials in the hand, and a subthreshold conditioning stimulus was applied over the left medial PPC at different inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). The conditioning stimulus affected the M1 excitability depending on the ISI, with inhibition at longer ISIs (12 and 15 ms). We suggest that these modulations may reflect the activation of different parieto-frontal pathways, with long latency inhibitions likely recruiting polisynaptic pathways, presumably through anterolateral PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Breveglieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.D.V.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-1890; Fax: +39-05-1209-1737
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Filippini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.D.V.); (P.F.)
| | - Marina De Vitis
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.D.V.); (P.F.)
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.D.V.); (P.F.)
- Alma Mater Research Institute for Human—Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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25
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Increasing and decreasing interregional brain coupling increases and decreases oscillatory activity in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100652118. [PMID: 34507986 PMCID: PMC8449322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100652118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of oscillatory activity in the brain are currently debated, but common to many hypotheses is the notion that they reflect interactions between brain areas. Here, we examine this possibility by manipulating the strength of coupling between two human brain regions, ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1), and examine the impact on oscillatory activity in the motor system measurable in the electroencephalogram. We either increased or decreased the strength of coupling while holding the impact on each component area in the pathway constant. This was achieved by stimulating PMv and M1 with paired pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation using two different patterns, only one of which increases the influence exerted by PMv over M1. While the stimulation protocols differed in their temporal patterning, they were comprised of identical numbers of pulses to M1 and PMv. We measured the impact on activity in alpha, beta, and theta bands during a motor task in which participants either made a preprepared action (Go) or withheld it (No-Go). Augmenting cortical connectivity between PMv and M1, by evoking synchronous pre- and postsynaptic activity in the PMv-M1 pathway, enhanced oscillatory beta and theta rhythms in Go and No-Go trials, respectively. Little change was observed in the alpha rhythm. By contrast, diminishing the influence of PMv over M1 decreased oscillatory beta and theta rhythms in Go and No-Go trials, respectively. This suggests that corticocortical communication frequencies in the PMv-M1 pathway can be manipulated following Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
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26
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Rurak BK, Rodrigues JP, Power BD, Drummond PD, Vallence AM. Reduced SMA-M1 connectivity in older than younger adults measured using dual-site TMS. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6533-6552. [PMID: 34470079 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With advancing age comes a decline in voluntary movement control. Growing evidence suggests that an age-related decline in effective connectivity between the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA-M1) might play a role in an age-related decline of bilateral motor control. Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure SMA-M1 effective connectivity. In the current study, we aimed to (1) replicate previous dual-site TMS research showing reduced SMA-M1 connectivity in older than younger adults and (2) examine whether SMA-M1 connectivity is associated with bilateral motor control in independent samples of younger (n = 30) and older adults (n = 30). SMA-M1 connectivity was measured using dual-site TMS with interstimulus intervals of 6, 7 and 8 ms, and bilateral motor control was measured using the Purdue Pegboard, Four Square Step Test and the Timed Up and Go task. Findings from this study showed that SMA-M1 connectivity was reduced in older than in younger adults, suggesting that the direct excitatory connections between SMA and M1 had reduced efficacy in older than younger adults. Furthermore, greater SMA-M1 connectivity was associated with better bimanual motor control in older adults. Thus, SMA-M1 connectivity in older adults might underpin, in part, the age-related decline in bilateral motor control. These findings contribute to our understanding of age-related declines in motor control and provide a physiological basis for the development of interventions to improve bimanual and bilateral motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Rurak
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Brian D Power
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine Fremantle, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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27
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Lega C, Chelazzi L, Cattaneo L. Two Distinct Systems Represent Contralateral and Ipsilateral Sensorimotor Processes in the Human Premotor Cortex: A Dense TMS Mapping Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2250-2266. [PMID: 31828296 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal brains contain behaviorally committed representations of the surrounding world, which integrate sensory and motor information. In primates, sensorimotor mechanisms reside in part in the premotor cortex (PM), where sensorimotor neurons are topographically clustered according to functional specialization. Detailed functional cartography of the human PM is still under investigation. We explored the topographic distribution of spatially dependent sensorimotor functions in healthy volunteers performing left or right, hand or foot, responses to visual cues presented in the left or right hemispace, thus combining independently stimulus side, effector side, and effector type. Event-related transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to single spots of a dense grid of 10 points on the participants' left hemiscalp, covering the whole PM. Results showed: (1) spatially segregated hand and foot representations, (2) focal representations of contralateral cues and movements in the dorsal PM, and (3) distributed representations of ipsilateral cues and movements in the ventral and dorso-medial PM. The present novel causal information indicates that (1) the human PM is somatotopically organized and (2) the left PM contains sensory-motor representations of both hemispaces and of both hemibodies, but the hemispace and hemibody contralateral to the PM are mapped on a distinct, nonoverlapping cortical region compared to the ipsilateral ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Lega
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Chelazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Italian Institute of Neuroscience, Section of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattaneo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Italian Institute of Neuroscience, Section of Verona, Verona, Italy
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28
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Rurak BK, Rodrigues JP, Power BD, Drummond PD, Vallence AM. Test Re-test Reliability of Dual-site TMS Measures of SMA-M1 Connectivity Differs Across Inter-stimulus Intervals in Younger and Older Adults. Neuroscience 2021; 472:11-24. [PMID: 34333064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising tool to measure supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA-M1) connectivity in younger and older adults, and could be used to understand the pathophysiology of movement disorders. However, test re-test reliability of dual-site TMS measures of SMA-M1 connectivity has not been established. We examined the reliability of SMA-M1 connectivity using dual-site TMS in two sessions in 30 younger and 30 older adults. For dual-site TMS, a conditioning pulse delivered to SMA (140% of active motor threshold) preceded a test pulse delivered to M1 (intensity that elicited MEPs of ~1 mV) by inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 6 ms, 7 ms, and 8 ms. Moderate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were found for SMA-M1 connectivity at an ISI of 7 ms in younger (ICC: 0.69) and older adults (ICC: 0.68). Poor ICCs were found for SMA-M1 connectivity at ISIs of 6 ms and 8 ms in both age groups (ICC range: 0.01-0.40). We report evidence for stable measures of SMA-M1 connectivity at an ISI of 7 ms in both age groups. These findings are foundational for future research developing evidence-based interventions to strengthen SMA-M1 connectivity to improve bilateral motor control in older adults and populations with movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rurak
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
| | | | - B D Power
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine Fremantle, University of Notre Dame, Australia
| | - P D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - A M Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch 6150, Australia
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Guidali G, Roncoroni C, Bolognini N. Paired associative stimulations: Novel tools for interacting with sensory and motor cortical plasticity. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113484. [PMID: 34302877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the early 2000s, a novel non-invasive brain stimulation protocol, the paired associative stimulation (PAS), was introduced, allowing to induce and investigate Hebbian associative plasticity within the humans' motor system, with patterns resembling spike-timing-dependent plasticity properties found in cellular models. Since this evidence, PAS efficacy has been proved in healthy, and to a lesser extent, in clinical populations. Recently, novel 'modified' protocols targeting sensorimotor and crossmodal networks appeared in the literature. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances using these 'modified' PAS protocols targeting sensory and motor cortical networks. To better categorize them, we propose a novel classification according to the nature of the peripheral and cortical stimulations (i.e., within-system, cross-systems, and cortico-cortical PAS). For each protocol of the categories mentioned above, we describe and discuss their main features, how they have been used to study and promote brain plasticity, and their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, current evidence suggests that these novel non-invasive brain stimulation protocols represent very promising tools to study the plastic properties of humans' sensorimotor and crossmodal networks, both in the healthy and in the damaged central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guidali
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Camilla Roncoroni
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Memories are not written in stone: Re-writing fear memories by means of non-invasive brain stimulation and optogenetic manipulations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:334-352. [PMID: 33964307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of fear associative memory requires brain processes of coordinated neural activity within the amygdala, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem. After fear consolidation, a suppression of fear memory in the absence of danger is crucial to permit adaptive coping behavior. Acquisition and maintenance of fear extinction critically depend on amygdala-PFC projections. The robust correspondence between the brain networks encompassed cortical and subcortical hubs involved into fear processing in humans and in other species underscores the potential utility of comparing the modulation of brain circuitry in humans and animals, as a crucial step to inform the comprehension of fear mechanisms and the development of treatments for fear-related disorders. The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive description of the literature on recent clinical and experimental researches regarding the noninvasive brain stimulation and optogenetics. These innovative manipulations applied over specific hubs of fear matrix during fear acquisition, consolidation, reconsolidation and extinction allow an accurate characterization of specific brain circuits and their peculiar interaction within the specific fear processing.
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Tian D, Izumi SI, Suzuki E. Modulation of Interhemispheric Inhibition between Primary Motor Cortices Induced by Manual Motor Imitation: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020266. [PMID: 33669827 PMCID: PMC7923080 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitation has been proven effective in motor development and neurorehabilitation. However, the relationship between imitation and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) remains unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to investigate IHI. In this study, the modification effects of IHI resulting from mirror neuron system (MNS) activation during different imitations are addressed. We measured IHI between homologous primary motor cortex (M1) by analyzing the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) evoked by single-pulse focal TMS during imitation and analyzed the respective IHI modulation during and after different patterns of imitation. Our main results showed that throughout anatomical imitation, significant time-course changes of iSP duration through the experiment were observed in both directions. iSP duration declined from the pre-imitation time point to the post-imitation time point and did not return to baseline after 30 min rest. We also observed significant iSP reduction from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere during anatomical and specular imitation, compared with non-imitative movement. Our findings indicate that using anatomical imitation in action observation and execution therapy promotes functional recovery in neurorehabilitation by regulating IHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shin-ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Suzuki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 260 Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
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Philip BA, McAvoy MP, Frey SH. Interhemispheric Parietal-Frontal Connectivity Predicts the Ability to Acquire a Nondominant Hand Skill. Brain Connect 2021; 11:308-318. [PMID: 33403906 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: After chronic impairment of the right dominant hand, some individuals are able to compensate with increased performance with the intact left nondominant hand. This process may depend on the nondominant (right) hemisphere's ability to access dominant (left) hemisphere mechanisms. To predict or modulate patients' ability to compensate with the left hand, we must understand the neural mechanisms and connections that underpin this process. Methods: We studied 17 right-handed healthy adults who underwent resting-state functional connectivity (FC) magnetic resonance imaging scans before 10 days of training on a left-hand precision drawing task. We sought to identify right-hemisphere areas where FC from left-hemisphere seeds (primary motor cortex, intraparietal sulcus [IPS], inferior parietal lobule) would predict left-hand skill learning or magnitude. Results: Left-hand skill learning was predicted by convergent FC from left primary motor cortex and left IPS onto the same small region (0.31 cm3) in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Discussion: For patients who must compensate with the left hand, the right SPL may play a key role in integrating left-hemisphere mechanisms that typically control the right hand. Our study provides the first model of how interhemispheric functional connections in the human brain may support compensation after chronic injury to the right hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Philip
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark P McAvoy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Borgomaneri S, Serio G, Battaglia S. Please, don't do it! Fifteen years of progress of non-invasive brain stimulation in action inhibition. Cortex 2020; 132:404-422. [PMID: 33045520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to inhibit prepotent responses is critical for survival. Action inhibition can be investigated using a stop-signal task (SST), designed to provide a reliable measure of the time taken by the brain to suppress motor responses. Here we review the major research advances using the combination of this paradigm with the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in the last fifteen years. We highlight new methodological approaches to understanding and exploiting several processes underlying action control, which is critically impaired in several psychiatric disorders. In this review we present and discuss existing literature demonstrating i) the importance of the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in studying human action inhibition, unveiling the neural network involved ii) the critical role of prefrontal areas, including the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in inhibitory control iii) the neural and behavioral evidence of proactive and reactive action inhibition. As the main result of this review, the specific literature demonstrated the crucial role of pre-SMA and IFG as evidenced from the field of noninvasive brain stimulation studies. Finally, we discuss the critical questions that remain unanswered about how such non-invasive brain stimulation protocols can be translated to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Serio
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
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Chiappini E, Borgomaneri S, Marangon M, Turrini S, Romei V, Avenanti A. Driving associative plasticity in premotor-motor connections through a novel paired associative stimulation based on long-latency cortico-cortical interactions. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1461-1463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Calvert GHM, McMackin R, Carson RG. Probing interhemispheric dorsal premotor-primary motor cortex interactions with threshold hunting transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2551-2560. [PMID: 32927210 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the effect of altering transcranial magnetic stimulation parameters on the magnitude of interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) from dorsal premotor (PMd) to primary motor cortex (M1). METHOD We used a fully automated adaptive threshold hunting paradigm to quantify PMd-M1 IHI across a range of conditioning stimulus (CS) intensities (90%, 110%, 130% of resting motor threshold, rMT) and interstimulus intervals (ISIs) (8, 10, 40 ms). M1-M1 IHI was examined with CS intensities of 110%, 120%, and 130% rMT and ISIs of 10 and 40 ms. Two test coil orientations (inducing posterior-anterior or anterior-posterior current) were used. RESULTS PMd-M1 IHI was obtained consistently with posterior-anterior (but not anterior-posterior) test stimuli and increased with CS intensity. M1-M1 IHI was expressed across all conditions and increased with CS intensity when posterior-anterior but not anterior-posterior induced current was used. CONCLUSIONS The expression of PMd-M1 IHI is contingent on test coil orientation (requiring posterior-anterior induced current) and increases as a function of CS intensity. The expression of M1-M1 IHI is not dependent on test coil orientation. SIGNIFICANCE We defined a range of parameters that elicit reliable PMd-M1 IHI. This (threshold hunting) methodology may provide a means to quantify premotor-motor pathology and reveal novel quantitative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn H M Calvert
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roisin McMackin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, 152-160 Pearse St., Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Lloyd Building, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK.
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36
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Wang X, Li L, Wei W, Zhu T, Huang GF, Li X, Ma HB, Lv Y. Altered activation in sensorimotor network after applying rTMS over the primary motor cortex at different frequencies. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01670. [PMID: 32506744 PMCID: PMC7375128 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can modulate brain activity both in the stimulated site and remote brain areas of the sensorimotor network. However, the modulatory effects of rTMS at different frequencies remain unclear. Here, we employed finger-tapping task-based fMRI to investigate alterations in activation of the sensorimotor network after the application of rTMS over the left M1 at different frequencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five right-handed healthy participants were randomly divided into three groups by rTMS frequency (HF, high-frequency, 3 Hz; LF, low-frequency, 1 Hz; and SHAM) and underwent two task-fMRI sessions (RH, finger-tapping with right index finger; LH, finger-tapping with left index finger) before and after applying rTMS over the left M1. We defined regions of interest (ROIs) in the sensorimotor network based on group-level activation maps (pre-rTMS) from RH and LH tasks and calculated the percentage signal change (PSC) for each ROI. We then assessed the differences of PSC within HF or LF groups and between groups. RESULTS Application of rTMS at different frequencies resulted in a change in activation of several areas of the sensorimotor network. We observed the increased PSC in M1 after high-frequency stimulation, while we detected the reduced PSC in the primary sensory cortex (S1), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), supplementary motor cortex (SMA), and putamen after low-frequency stimulation. Moreover, the PSC in the SMA, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and putamen in the HF group was higher than in the LF group after stimulation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that activation alterations within sensorimotor network are dependent on the frequency of rTMS. Therefore, our findings contribute to understanding the effects of rTMS on brain activation in healthy individuals and ultimately may further help to suggest mechanisms of how rTMS could be employed as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Feng Huang
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hui-Bin Ma
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China.,Integrated Medical Research School, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
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Bhattacharjee S, Kashyap R, Abualait T, Annabel Chen SH, Yoo WK, Bashir S. The Role of Primary Motor Cortex: More Than Movement Execution. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:258-274. [PMID: 32194004 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1738992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The predominant role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in motor execution is well acknowledged. However, additional roles of M1 are getting evident in humans owing to advances in noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. This review collates such studies in humans and proposes that M1 also plays a key role in higher cognitive processes. The review commences with the studies that have investigated the nature of connectivity of M1 with other cortical regions in light of studies based on NIBS. The review then moves on to discuss the studies that have demonstrated the role of M1 in higher cognitive processes such as attention, motor learning, motor consolidation, movement inhibition, somatomotor response, and movement imagery. Overall, the purpose of the review is to highlight the additional role of M1 in motor cognition besides motor control, which remains unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajan Kashyap
- Center for Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Turki Abualait
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shen-Hsing Annabel Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC Medicine), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Office of Educational Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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38
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Touvykine B, Elgbeili G, Quessy S, Dancause N. Interhemispheric modulations of motor outputs by the rostral and caudal forelimb areas in rats. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1355-1368. [PMID: 32130080 PMCID: PMC7191520 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00591.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats, forelimb movements are evoked from two cortical regions, the caudal and rostral forelimb areas (CFA and RFA, respectively). These areas are densely interconnected and RFA induces complex and powerful modulations of CFA outputs. CFA and RFA also have interhemispheric connections, and these areas from both hemispheres send projections to common targets along the motor axis, providing multiple potential sites of interactions for movement production. Our objective was to characterize how CFA and RFA in one hemisphere can modulate motor outputs of the opposite hemisphere. To do so, we used paired-pulse protocols with intracortical microstimulation techniques (ICMS), while recording electromyographic (EMG) activity of forelimb muscles in sedated rats. A subthreshold conditioning stimulation was applied in either CFA or RFA in one hemisphere simultaneously or before a suprathreshold test stimulation in either CFA or RFA in the opposite hemisphere. Both CFA and RFA tended to facilitate motor outputs with short (0–2.5 ms) or long (20–35 ms) delays between the conditioning and test stimuli. In contrast, they tended to inhibit motor outputs with intermediate delays, in particular 10 ms. When comparing the two areas, we found that facilitatory effects from RFA were more frequent and powerful than the ones from CFA. In contrast, inhibitory effects from CFA on its homolog were more frequent and powerful than the ones from RFA. Our results demonstrate that interhemispheric modulations from CFA and RFA share some similarities but also have clear differences that could sustain specific functions these cortical areas carry for the generation of forelimb movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that caudal and rostral forelimb areas (CFA and RFA) have distinct effects on motor outputs from the opposite hemisphere, supporting that they are distinct nodes in the motor network of rats. However, the pattern of interhemispheric modulations from RFA has no clear equivalent among premotor areas in nonhuman primates, suggesting they contribute differently to the generation of ipsilateral hand movements. Understanding these interspecies differences is important given the common use of rodent models in motor control and recovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Touvykine
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Psychosocial Research Division, Douglas Institute Research Centre, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephan Quessy
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Numa Dancause
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Côté SL, Elgbeili G, Quessy S, Dancause N. Modulatory effects of the supplementary motor area on primary motor cortex outputs. J Neurophysiol 2019; 123:407-419. [PMID: 31774345 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00391.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Premotor areas of primates are specialized cortical regions that can contribute to hand movements by modulating the outputs of the primary motor cortex (M1). The goal of the present work was to study how the supplementary motor area (SMA) located within the same hemisphere [i.e., ipsilateral SMA (iSMA)] or the opposite hemisphere [i.e., contralateral (cSMA)] modulate the outputs of M1. We used paired-pulse protocols with intracortical stimulations in sedated capuchin monkeys. A conditioning stimulus in iSMA or cSMA was delivered simultaneously or before a test stimulus in M1 with different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) while electromyographic activity was recorded in hand and forearm muscles. The pattern of modulation from iSMA and cSMA shared some clear similarities. In particular, both areas predominantly induced facilitatory effects on M1 outputs with shorter ISIs and inhibitory effects with longer ISIs. However, the incidence and strength of facilitatory effects were greater for iSMA than cSMA. We then compared the pattern of modulatory effects from SMA to the ones from the dorsal and ventral premotor cortexes (PMd and PMv) collected in the same series of experiments. Among premotor areas, the impact of SMA on M1 outputs was always weaker than the one of either PMd or PMv, and this was regardless of the hemisphere, or the ISI, tested. These results show that SMA exerts a unique set of modulations on M1 outputs, which could support its specific function for the production of hand movements.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We unequivocally isolated stimulation to either the ipsilateral or contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA) using invasive techniques and compared their modulatory effects on the outputs of primary motor cortex (M1). Modulations from both SMAs shared many similarities. However, facilitatory effects evoked from ipsilateral SMA were more common and more powerful. This pattern differs from the ones of other premotor areas, which suggests that each premotor area makes unique contributions to the production of motor outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine L Côté
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Psychosocial Research Division, Douglas Institute Research Center, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephan Quessy
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Numa Dancause
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Fricke C, Duesmann C, Woost TB, von Hofen-Hohloch J, Rumpf JJ, Weise D, Classen J. Dual-Site Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 30899243 PMCID: PMC6417396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may be relevant for motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Apart from deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be suitable for altering these oscillations. We speculated that TMS to different cortical areas (primary motor cortex, M1, and dorsal premotor cortex, PMd) may activate neuronal subpopulations within the STN via corticofugal neurons projecting directly to the nucleus. We hypothesized that PD symptoms can be ameliorated by a lasting decoupling of STN neurons by associative dual-site repetitive TMS (rTMS). Associative dual-site rTMS (1 Hz) directed to PMd and M1 ("ADS-rTMS") was employed in 20 PD patients treated in a blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over design. Results: No adverse events were noted. We found no significant improvement in clinical outcome parameters (videography of MDS-UPDRS-III, finger tapping, spectral tremor power). Variation of the premotor stimulation site did not induce beneficial effects either. A single session of ADS-rTMS was tolerated well, but did not produce a clinically meaningful benefit on Parkinsonian motor symptoms. Successful treatment using TMS targeting subcortical nuclei may require an intervention over several days or more detailed physiological information about the individual brain state and stimulation-induced subcortical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo B Woost
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - David Weise
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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41
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Welniarz Q, Gallea C, Lamy JC, Méneret A, Popa T, Valabregue R, Béranger B, Brochard V, Flamand-Roze C, Trouillard O, Bonnet C, Brüggemann N, Bitoun P, Degos B, Hubsch C, Hainque E, Golmard JL, Vidailhet M, Lehéricy S, Dusart I, Meunier S, Roze E. The supplementary motor area modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2125-2142. [PMID: 30653778 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution of coordinated hand movements requires complex interactions between premotor and primary motor areas in the two hemispheres. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in movement preparation and bimanual coordination. How the SMA controls bimanual coordination remains unclear, although there is evidence suggesting that the SMA could modulate interhemispheric interactions. With a delayed-response task, we investigated interhemispheric interactions underlying normal movement preparation and the role of the SMA in these interactions during the delay period of unimanual or bimanual hand movements. We used functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in 22 healthy volunteers (HVs), and then in two models of SMA dysfunction: (a) in the same group of HVs after transient disruption of the right SMA proper by continuous transcranial magnetic theta-burst stimulation; (b) in a group of 22 patients with congenital mirror movements (CMM), whose inability to produce asymmetric hand movements is associated with SMA dysfunction. In HVs, interhemispheric connectivity during the delay period was modulated according to whether or not hand coordination was required for the forthcoming movement. In HVs following SMA disruption and in CMM patients, interhemispheric connectivity was modified during the delay period and the interhemispheric inhibition was decreased. Using two models of SMA dysfunction, we showed that the SMA modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. This unveils a new role for the SMA and highlights its importance in coordinated movement preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Welniarz
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Faculté des sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lamy
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Traian Popa
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Béranger
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Brochard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 14-22, INSERM/AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Constance Flamand-Roze
- IFPPC, Centre CAMKeys, 7 rue des Cordelières, Paris, France.,Service de Neurologie, Unité Cardiovasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Université Paris-Sud, Corbeille-Essonne, France
| | - Oriane Trouillard
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Bonnet
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Bertrand Degos
- Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- Département de biostatistiques, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dusart
- Faculté des sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Keysers C, Paracampo R, Gazzola V. What neuromodulation and lesion studies tell us about the function of the mirror neuron system and embodied cognition. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 24:35-40. [PMID: 29734039 PMCID: PMC6173305 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We review neuromodulation and lesion studies that address how activations in the mirror neuron system contribute to our perception of observed actions. Past reviews showed disruptions of this parieto-premotor network impair imitation and goal and kinematic processing. Recent studies bring five new themes. First, focal perturbations of a node of that circuit lead to changes across all nodes. Second, primary somatosensory cortex is an integral part of this network suggesting embodied representations are somatosensory-motor. Third, disturbing this network impairs the ability to predict the actions of others in the close (∼300ms) future. Fourth, disruptions impair our ability to coordinate our actions with others. Fifth, disrupting this network, the insula or cingulate also impairs emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Keysers
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Paracampo
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Fiori F, Chiappini E, Avenanti A. Enhanced action performance following TMS manipulation of associative plasticity in ventral premotor-motor pathway. Neuroimage 2018; 183:847-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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44
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Zanon M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Action-related dynamic changes in inferior frontal cortex effective connectivity: A TMS/EEG coregistration study. Cortex 2018; 108:193-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Salo KST, Vaalto SM, Mutanen TP, Stenroos M, Ilmoniemi RJ. Individual Activation Patterns After the Stimulation of Different Motor Areas: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Electroencephalography Study. Brain Connect 2018; 8:420-428. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karita S.-T. Salo
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Selja M.I. Vaalto
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas P. Mutanen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Stenroos
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Risto J. Ilmoniemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Set-Related Inhibitory and Excitatory Inputs from the Dorsal Premotor Cortex to the Ipsilateral Motor Cortex Assessed by Dual-Coil Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:795-810. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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