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van der Ploeg R, Cramwinckel MJ, Kocken IJ, Leutert TJ, Bohaty SM, Fokkema CD, Hull PM, Meckler AN, Middelburg JJ, Müller IA, Penman DE, Peterse F, Reichart GJ, Sexton PF, Vahlenkamp M, De Vleeschouwer D, Wilson PA, Ziegler M, Sluijs A. North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq0110. [PMID: 36696500 PMCID: PMC9876553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative reconstructions of hydrological change during ancient greenhouse warming events provide valuable insight into warmer-than-modern hydrological cycles but are limited by paleoclimate proxy uncertainties. We present sea surface temperature (SST) records and seawater oxygen isotope (δ18Osw) estimates for the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), using coupled carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) and oxygen isotope (δ18Oc) data of well-preserved planktonic foraminifera from the North Atlantic Newfoundland Drifts. These indicate a transient ~3°C warming across the MECO, with absolute temperatures generally in accordance with trace element (Mg/Ca)-based SSTs but lower than biomarker-based SSTs for the same interval. We find a transient ~0.5‰ shift toward higher δ18Osw, which implies increased salinity in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and potentially a poleward expansion of its northern boundary in response to greenhouse warming. These observations provide constraints on dynamic ocean response to warming events, which are consistent with theory and model simulations predicting an enhanced hydrological cycle under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van der Ploeg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margot J. Cramwinckel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilja J. Kocken
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven M. Bohaty
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Chris D. Fokkema
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A. Nele Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jack J. Middelburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inigo A. Müller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Donald E. Penman
- Department of Geosciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Francien Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Philip F. Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Maximilian Vahlenkamp
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - David De Vleeschouwer
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul A. Wilson
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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de Winter NJ, Witbaard R, Kocken IJ, Müller IA, Guo J, Goudsmit B, Ziegler M. Temperature Dependence of Clumped Isotopes (∆ 47) in Aragonite. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL099479. [PMID: 36589267 PMCID: PMC9788164 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clumped isotope thermometry can independently constrain the formation temperatures of carbonates, but a lack of precisely temperature-controlled calibration samples limits its application on aragonites. To address this issue, we present clumped isotope compositions of aragonitic bivalve shells grown under highly controlled temperatures (1-18°C), which we combine with clumped isotope data from natural and synthetic aragonites from a wide range of temperatures (1-850°C). We observe no discernible offset in clumped isotope values between aragonitic foraminifera, mollusks, and abiogenic aragonites or between aragonites and calcites, eliminating the need for a mineral-specific calibration or acid fractionation factor. However, due to non-linear behavior of the clumped isotope thermometer, including high-temperature (>100°C) datapoints in linear clumped isotope calibrations causes them to underestimate temperatures of cold (1-18°C) carbonates by 2.7 ± 2.0°C (95% confidence level). Therefore, clumped isotope-based paleoclimate reconstructions should be calibrated using samples with well constrained formation temperatures close to those of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. de Winter
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry GroupVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselBelgium
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rob Witbaard
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research't Horntje, TexelThe Netherlands
| | - Ilja J. Kocken
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Inigo A. Müller
- Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Goudsmit
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research't Horntje, TexelThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Incarbona A, Sprovieri M. The Postglacial Isotopic Record of Intermediate Water Connects Mediterranean Sapropels and Organic‐Rich Layers. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2020; 35. [DOI: 10.1029/2020pa004009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCarbon‐rich layers exist at both sides of the Mediterranean Sea sedimentary record and are called sapropels and organic rich layers (ORLs), respectively, in the eastern and western basins. They have different levels of organic carbon accumulation and seafloor oxygen deprivation. The most recent sapropel and ORL depositions have a different timing, approximately 10.8–6.1 and 14.5–9.0 ka, respectively. Here we investigate oxygen isotopic records of three foraminifera species that occupy different habitats within the Sicily Channel water column since ~12.0 ka, thus in the sill between the eastern and western Mediterranean basins. These data are ice volume corrected, to get information on water masses density variability, and are accompanied by benthic foraminifera δ13C measurements to establish Sicily Channel seafloor ventilation. Our results, and the comparison with other chronologically well‐constrained Mediterranean records, highlight the connection of the two subbasins due to monsoon activity. The end of the maximum Nile River flooding at ~9.2 ka, and eastern Mediterranean seafloor reventilation above 1,800–1,500 m depth at ~ 8.2 and 7.2 ka, left a clear signature in the intermediate water isotopic record of the Sicily Channel. Concurrently, the western Mediterranean deep water circulation experienced a significant recovery after a long period of slowdown. We argue that African monsoon weakening was transmitted into the western Mediterranean, through the intermediate layer of circulation, where deep water formation took place and brought oxygen to the seafloor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Incarbona
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare Università di Palermo Sicily Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Genoa Italy
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Bernasconi SM, Müller IA, Bergmann KD, Breitenbach SFM, Fernandez A, Hodell DA, Jaggi M, Meckler AN, Millan I, Ziegler M. Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate-Based Standardization. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2018; 19:2895-2914. [PMID: 30443200 PMCID: PMC6220777 DOI: 10.1029/2017gc007385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
About a decade after its introduction, the field of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry is rapidly expanding because of the large number of possible applications and its potential to solve long-standing questions in Earth Sciences. Major factors limiting the application of this method are the very high analytical precision required for meaningful interpretations, the relatively complex sample preparation procedures, and the mass spectrometric corrections needed. In this paper we first briefly review the evolution of the analytical and standardization procedures and discuss the major remaining sources of uncertainty. We propose that the use of carbonate standards to project the results to the carbon dioxide equilibrium scale can improve interlaboratory data comparability and help to solve long-standing discrepancies between laboratories and temperature calibrations. The use of carbonates reduces uncertainties related to gas preparation and cleaning procedures and ensures equal treatment of samples and standards. We present a set of carbonate standards of diverse composition, discuss how they can be used to correct for mass spectrometric biases, and demonstrate that their use significantly improves the comparability among four laboratories. We propose that the use of these standards or of a similar set of carbonate standards will improve the comparability of data across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin D. Bergmann
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
- Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Now at Sediment & Isotope GeologyRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
| | | | - David A. Hodell
- Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Anna Nele Meckler
- Bjerknes Center for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Martin Ziegler
- Earth Science DepartmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
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