1
|
Muktupavela RA, Petr M, Ségurel L, Korneliussen T, Novembre J, Racimo F. Modeling the spatiotemporal spread of beneficial alleles using ancient genomes. eLife 2022; 11:e73767. [PMID: 36537881 PMCID: PMC9767474 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient genome sequencing technologies now provide the opportunity to study natural selection in unprecedented detail. Rather than making inferences from indirect footprints left by selection in present-day genomes, we can directly observe whether a given allele was present or absent in a particular region of the world at almost any period of human history within the last 10,000 years. Methods for studying selection using ancient genomes often rely on partitioning individuals into discrete time periods or regions of the world. However, a complete understanding of natural selection requires more nuanced statistical methods which can explicitly model allele frequency changes in a continuum across space and time. Here we introduce a method for inferring the spread of a beneficial allele across a landscape using two-dimensional partial differential equations. Unlike previous approaches, our framework can handle time-stamped ancient samples, as well as genotype likelihoods and pseudohaploid sequences from low-coverage genomes. We apply the method to a panel of published ancient West Eurasian genomes to produce dynamic maps showcasing the inferred spread of candidate beneficial alleles over time and space. We also provide estimates for the strength of selection and diffusion rate for each of these alleles. Finally, we highlight possible avenues of improvement for accurately tracing the spread of beneficial alleles in more complex scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasa A Muktupavela
- Lundbeck GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of HealthCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Petr
- Lundbeck GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of HealthCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laure Ségurel
- UMR5558 Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS - Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | | | - John Novembre
- Department of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Lundbeck GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of HealthCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guarino-Vignon P, Marchi N, Chimènes A, Monnereau A, Kroll S, Mashkour M, Lhuillier J, Bendezu-Sarmiento J, Heyer E, Bon C. Genetic analysis of a bronze age individual from Ulug-depe (Turkmenistan). Front Genet 2022; 13:884612. [PMID: 36072661 PMCID: PMC9441711 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.884612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Oxus Civilisation (or Bactrio-Margian Archaeological Complex, BMAC) was the main archaeological culture of the Bronze Age in southern Central Asia. Paleogenetic analyses were previously conducted mainly on samples from the eastern part of BMAC. The population associated with BMAC descends from local Chalcolithic populations, with some outliers of steppe or South-Asian descent. Here, we present new genome-wide data for one individual from Ulug-depe (Turkmenistan), one of the main BMAC sites, located at the southwestern edge of the BMAC. We demonstrate that this individual genetically belongs to the BMAC cluster. Using this genome, we confirm that modern Indo-Iranian–speaking populations from Central Asia derive their ancestry from BMAC populations, with additional gene flow from the western and the Altai steppes in higher proportions among the Tajiks than the Yagnobi ethnic group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perle Guarino-Vignon
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- CAGT, UMR 5288, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Perle Guarino-Vignon, ; Céline Bon,
| | - Nina Marchi
- CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Chimènes
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Monnereau
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Kroll
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marjan Mashkour
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Lhuillier
- Archéorient, Environnements et Sociétés de L'Orient Ancien, CNRS/Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Heyer
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bon
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Perle Guarino-Vignon, ; Céline Bon,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guarino-Vignon P, Marchi N, Bendezu-Sarmiento J, Heyer E, Bon C. Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:733. [PMID: 35031610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since prehistoric times, southern Central Asia has been at the crossroads of the movement of people, culture, and goods. Today, the Central Asian populations are divided into two cultural and linguistic groups: the Indo-Iranian and the Turko-Mongolian groups. Previous genetic studies unveiled that migrations from East Asia contributed to the spread of Turko-Mongolian populations in Central Asia and the partial replacement of the Indo-Iranian populations. However, little is known about the origin of the latters. To shed light on this, we compare the genetic data on two current-day Indo-Iranian populations — Yaghnobis and Tajiks — with genome-wide data from published ancient individuals. The present Indo-Iranian populations from Central Asia display a strong genetic continuity with Iron Age samples from Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. We model Yaghnobis as a mixture of 93% Iron Age individual from Turkmenistan and 7% from Baikal. For the Tajiks, we observe a higher Baikal ancestry and an additional admixture event with a South Asian population. Our results, therefore, suggest that in addition to a complex history, Central Asia shows a remarkable genetic continuity since the Iron Age, with only limited gene flow.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lewis DM, Al-Shawaf L, Semchenko AY, Evans KC. Error Management Theory and biased first impressions: How do people perceive potential mates under conditions of uncertainty? EVOL HUM BEHAV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Humans often mate with those resembling themselves, a phenomenon described as positive assortative mating (PAM). The causes of this attract broad interest, but there is little agreement on the topic. This may be because empirical studies and reviews sometimes focus on just a few explanations, often based on disciplinary conventions. This review presents an interdisciplinary conceptual framework on the causes of PAM in humans, drawing on human and non-human biology, the social sciences, and the humanities. Viewing causality holistically, we first discuss the proximate causes (i.e. the 'how') of PAM, considering three mechanisms: stratification, convergence and mate choice. We also outline methods to control for confounders when studying mate choice. We then discuss ultimate explanations (i.e. 'the why') for PAM, including adaptive and non-adaptive processes. We conclude by suggesting a focus on interdisciplinarity in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M M Versluys
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan O Flintham
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Mas-Sandoval
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mattioli F, Darvish H, Paracha SA, Tafakhori A, Firouzabadi SG, Chapi M, Baig HMA, Reymond A, Antonarakis SE, Ansar M. Biallelic truncation variants in ATP9A are associated with a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 34764295 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with hundreds of associated genes. Despite progress in the identification of the genetic causes of ID following the introduction of high-throughput sequencing, about half of affected individuals still remain without a molecular diagnosis. Consanguineous families with affected individuals provide a unique opportunity to identify novel recessive causative genes. In this report, we describe a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. We identified two consanguineous families with homozygous variants predicted to alter the splicing of ATP9A which encodes a transmembrane lipid flippase of the class II P4-ATPases. The three individuals homozygous for these putatively truncating variants presented with severe ID, motor and speech impairment, and behavioral anomalies. Consistent with a causative role of ATP9A in these patients, a previously described Atp9a−/− mouse model showed behavioral changes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ceballos FC, Gürün K, Altınışık NE, Gemici HC, Karamurat C, Koptekin D, Vural KB, Mapelli I, Sağlıcan E, Sürer E, Erdal YS, Götherström A, Özer F, Atakuman Ç, Somel M. Human inbreeding has decreased in time through the Holocene. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3925-3934.e8. [PMID: 34216555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The history of human inbreeding is controversial.1 In particular, how the development of sedentary and/or agricultural societies may have influenced overall inbreeding levels, relative to those of hunter-gatherer communities, is unclear.2-5 Here, we present an approach for reliable estimation of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in genomes with ≥3× mean sequence coverage across >1 million SNPs and apply this to 411 ancient Eurasian genomes from the last 15,000 years.5-34 We show that the frequency of inbreeding, as measured by ROHs, has decreased over time. The strongest effect is associated with the Neolithic transition, but the trend has since continued, indicating a population size effect on inbreeding prevalence. We further show that most inbreeding in our historical sample can be attributed to small population size instead of consanguinity. Cases of high consanguinity were rare and only observed among members of farming societies in our sample. Despite the lack of evidence for common consanguinity in our ancient sample, consanguineous traditions are today prevalent in various modern-day Eurasian societies,1,35-37 suggesting that such practices may have become widespread within the last few millennia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C Ceballos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kanat Gürün
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Ezgi Altınışık
- Human-G Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Can Gemici
- Department of Settlement Archaeology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Karamurat
- Department of Settlement Archaeology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Koptekin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvılcım Başak Vural
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Igor Mapelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekin Sağlıcan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Sürer
- Department of Modeling and Simulation, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Selim Erdal
- Human-G Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anders Götherström
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Füsun Özer
- Human-G Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Atakuman
- Department of Settlement Archaeology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Somel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rotival M, Cossart P, Quintana-Murci L. Reconstructing 50,000 years of human history from our DNA: lessons from modern genomics. C R Biol 2021; 344:177-187. [PMID: 34213855 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of high throughput sequencing approaches and ancient DNA techniques have enabled reconstructing the history of human populations at an unprecedented level of resolution. The symposium from the French Academy of Sciences "50,000 ans d'épopée humaine dans notre ADN" has reviewed some of the latest contributions from the fields of genomics, archaeology, and linguistics to our understanding of >300,000 years of human history. DNA has revealed the richness of the human journey, from the deep divergences between human populations in Africa, to the first encounters of Homo Sapiens with other hominins on their way to Eurasia and the peopling of Remote Oceania. The symposium has also emphasized how migrations, cultural practices, and environmental pathogens have contributed to shape the genetic diversity of modern humans, through admixture, genetic drift or genetic adaptation. Finally, special attention was also given to how human behaviours have shaped the genome of other species, through the spreading of microbes and pathogens, as in the case of Yersinia Pestis, or through domestication, as elegantly demonstrated for dogs, horses, and apples. Altogether, this conference illustrated how the complex history of human populations is tightly linked with their contemporary genetic diversity that, in turn, has direct effects on their identity and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rotival
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Bacteria/Cell Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, U604, Inserm, Paris 75015, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, 75005, France.,Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Segurel L, Guarino-Vignon P, Marchi N, Lafosse S, Laurent R, Bon C, Fabre A, Hegay T, Heyer E. Why and when was lactase persistence selected for? Insights from Central Asian herders and ancient DNA. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000742. [PMID: 32511234 PMCID: PMC7302802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic adaptation of humans to the consumption of milk from dairying animals is one of the most emblematic cases of recent human evolution. While the phenotypic change under selection, lactase persistence (LP), is known, the evolutionary advantage conferred to persistent individuals remains obscure. One informative but underappreciated observation is that not all populations whose ancestors had access to milk genetically adapted to become lactase persistent. Indeed, Central Asian herders are mostly lactase nonpersistent, despite their significant dietary reliance on dairy products. Investigating the temporal dynamic of the -13.910:C>T Eurasian mutation associated with LP, we found that, after its emergence in Ukraine 5,960 before present (BP), the T allele spread between 4,000 BP and 3,500 BP throughout Eurasia, from Spain to Kazakhstan. The timing and geographical progression of the mutation coincides well with the migration of steppe populations across and outside of Europe. After 3,000 BP, the mutation strongly increased in frequency in Europe, but not in Asia. We propose that Central Asian herders have adapted to milk consumption culturally, by fermentation, and/or by colonic adaptation, rather than genetically. Given the possibility of a nongenetic adaptation to avoid intestinal symptoms when consuming dairy products, the puzzle then becomes this: why has LP been selected for at all?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Segurel
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Perle Guarino-Vignon
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nina Marchi
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lafosse
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Romain Laurent
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bon
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Fabre
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone Enfant, Service de Pédiatrie Multidisciplinaire, Marseille, France
| | - Tatyana Hegay
- Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Evelyne Heyer
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lugo Reyes SO, Condino-neto A, Stepensky P. Global perspectives on primary immune deficiency diseases. Stiehm's Immune Deficiencies 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816768-7.00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Ly G, Laurent R, Lafosse S, Monidarin C, Diffloth G, Bourdier F, Evrard O, Toupance B, Pavard S, Chaix R. From matrimonial practices to genetic diversity in Southeast Asian populations: the signature of the matrilineal puzzle. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180434. [PMID: 31303171 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In matrilineal populations, the descent group affiliation is transmitted by women whereas the socio-political power frequently remains in the hands of men. This situation, named the 'matrilineal puzzle', is expected to promote local endogamy as a coping mechanism allowing men to maintain their decision-making power over their natal descent group. In this paper, we revisit this 'matrilineal puzzle' from a population genetics' point of view. Indeed, such tendency for local endogamy in matrilineal populations is expected to increase their genetic inbreeding and generate isolation-by-distance patterns between villages. To test this hypothesis, we collected ethno-demographic data for 3261 couples and high-density genetic data for 675 individuals from 11 Southeast Asian populations with a wide range of social organizations: matrilineal and matrilocal populations (M), patrilineal and patrilocal populations (P) or cognatic populations with predominant matrilocal residence (C). We observed that M and C populations have higher levels of village endogamy than P populations, and that such higher village endogamy leads to higher genetic inbreeding. M populations also exhibit isolation-by-distance patterns between villages. We interpret such genetic patterns as the signature of the 'matrilineal puzzle'. Notably, our results suggest that any form of matrilocal marriage (whatever the descent rule is) increases village endogamy. These findings suggest that male dominance, when combined with matrilocality, constrains inter-village migrations, and constitutes an underexplored cultural process shaping genetic patterns in human populations. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goki Ly
- 1 Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, 17 place du Trocadéro , 75016 Paris , France
| | - Romain Laurent
- 1 Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, 17 place du Trocadéro , 75016 Paris , France
| | - Sophie Lafosse
- 1 Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, 17 place du Trocadéro , 75016 Paris , France
| | - Chou Monidarin
- 2 Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory and Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Health Sciences , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | | | - Frédéric Bourdier
- 4 Unité 201 Développement et Sociétés (DEVSOC), IEDES/IRD, Panthéon Sorbonne , Paris , France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- 5 Unité Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD , 75006 Paris , France
| | - Bruno Toupance
- 1 Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, 17 place du Trocadéro , 75016 Paris , France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- 1 Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, 17 place du Trocadéro , 75016 Paris , France
| | - Raphaëlle Chaix
- 1 Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, 17 place du Trocadéro , 75016 Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|