1
|
Bodawatta KH, Hu H, Schalk F, Daniel JM, Maiah G, Koane B, Iova B, Beemelmanns C, Poulsen M, Jønsson KA. Multiple mutations in the Nav1.4 sodium channel of New Guinean toxic birds provide autoresistance to deadly batrachotoxin. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e16878. [PMID: 36779590 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity has evolved multiple times across the tree of life and serves important functions related to hunting, defence and parasite deterrence. Toxins are produced either in situ by the toxic organism itself or associated symbionts, or acquired through diet. The ability to exploit toxins from external sources requires adaptations that prevent toxic effects on the consumer (autoresistance). Here, we examine genomic adaptations that could facilitate autoresistance to the diet-acquired potent neurotoxic alkaloid batrachotoxin (BTX) in New Guinean toxic birds. Our work documents two new toxic bird species and shows that toxic birds carry multiple mutations in the SCN4A gene that are under positive selection. This gene encodes the most common vertebrate muscle Nav channel (Nav1.4). Molecular docking results indicate that some of the mutations that are present in the pore-forming segment of the Nav channel, where BTX binds, could reduce its binding affinity. These mutations should therefore prevent the continuous opening of the sodium channels that BTX binding elicits, thereby preventing muscle paralysis and ultimately death. Although these mutations are different from those present in Neotropical Phyllobates poison dart frogs, they occur in the same segments of the Nav1.4 channel. Consequently, in addition to uncovering a greater diversity of toxic bird species than previously known, our work provides an intriguing example of molecular-level convergent adaptations allowing frogs and birds to ingest and use the same neurotoxin. This suggests that genetically modified Nav1.4 channels represent a key adaptation to BTX tolerance and exploitation across vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasun H Bodawatta
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haofu Hu
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felix Schalk
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan-Martin Daniel
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gibson Maiah
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Bulisa Iova
- PNG National Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department Anti-infectives from Microbiota, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud A Jønsson
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng S, Sørensen EE, Ponniah M, Thorlacius-Ussing J, Crouigneau R, Larsen T, Borre MT, Willumsen N, Flinck M, Pedersen SF. MCT4 and CD147 co-localize with MMP14 in invadopodia and support matrix degradation and invasion by breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2024:jcs.261608. [PMID: 38661040 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The lactate-proton cotransporter MCT4 and its chaperone CD147 are upregulated in breast cancers, correlating with decreased patient survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that MCT4 and CD147 favor breast cancer invasion through interdependent effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. MCT4 and CD147 expression and membrane localization were strongly reciprocally interdependent in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of MCT4 and/or CD174 in- and decreased, respectively, migration, invasion, and fluorescent gelatin degradation. OE of both proteins increased gelatin degradation and appearance of the matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-generated collagen-I cleavage product reC1M more than each protein alone, suggesting a concerted role in ECM degradation. MCT4 and CD147 co-localized with invadopodia markers at the plasma membrane and with MMP14, the lysosomal marker LAMP-1, and partially with the autophagosome marker LC3, in F-actin-decorated intracellular vesicles. We conclude that MCT4 and CD147 reciprocally regulate each other and interdependently support migration and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, this involves MCT4-CD147-dependent stimulation of ECM degradation and specifically of MMP-mediated collagen-I degradation. We suggest that the MCT4-CD147 complex is co-delivered to invadopodia with MMP14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Meng
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ester E Sørensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muthulakshmi Ponniah
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Roxane Crouigneau
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Larsen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus T Borre
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Flinck
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Defourneaux É, Herranz M, Armenteros M, Sørensen MV, Norenburg JL, Park T, Worsaae K. Circumtropical distribution and cryptic species of the meiofaunal enteropneust Meioglossus (Harrimaniidae, Hemichordata). Sci Rep 2024; 14:9296. [PMID: 38654022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemichordata has always played a central role in evolutionary studies of Chordata due to their close phylogenetic affinity and shared morphological characteristics. Hemichordates had no meiofaunal representatives until the surprising discovery of a microscopic, paedomorphic enteropneust Meioglossus psammophilus (Harrimaniidae, Hemichordata) from the Caribbean in 2012. No additional species have been described since, questioning the broader distribution and significance of this genus. However, being less than a millimeter long and superficially resembling an early juvenile acorn worm, Meioglossus may easily be overlooked in both macrofauna and meiofauna surveys. We here present the discovery of 11 additional populations of Meioglossus from shallow subtropical and tropical coralline sands of the Caribbean Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and East China Sea. These geographically separated populations show identical morphology but differ genetically. Our phylogenetic reconstructions include four gene markers and support the monophyly of Meioglossus. Species delineation analyses revealed eight new cryptic species, which we herein describe using DNA taxonomy. This study reveals a broad circumtropical distribution, supporting the validity and ecological importance of this enigmatic meiobenthic genus. The high cryptic diversity and apparent morphological stasis of Meioglossus may exemplify a potentially common evolutionary 'dead-end' scenario, where groups with highly miniaturized and simplified body plan lose their ability to diversify morphologically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éloïse Defourneaux
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Herranz
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Superior School of Experimental Science and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán S/N, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maickel Armenteros
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N, 82040, Mazatlán, México
| | - Martin V Sørensen
- Natural History Museum Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon L Norenburg
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taeseo Park
- Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Hwangyeong-Ro 42, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jørgensen ME, Houston K, Jørgensen HJL, Thomsen HC, Tekaat L, Krogh CT, Mellor SB, Braune KB, Damm ML, Pedas PR, Voss C, Rasmussen MW, Nielsen K, Skadhauge B, Motawia MS, Møller BL, Dockter C, Sørensen M. Disentangling hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis in a barley (Hordeum vulgare) metabolon provides access to elite malting barleys for ethyl carbamate-free whisky production. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38652034 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Barley produces several specialized metabolites, including five α-, β-, and γ-hydroxynitrile glucosides (HNGs). In malting barley, presence of the α-HNG epiheterodendrin gives rise to undesired formation of ethyl carbamate in the beverage production, especially after distilling. Metabolite-GWAS identified QTLs and underlying gene candidates possibly involved in the control of the relative and absolute content of HNGs, including an undescribed MATE transporter. By screening 325 genetically diverse barley accessions, we discovered three H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (wild barley) lines with drastic changes in the relative ratios of the five HNGs. Knock-out (KO)-lines, isolated from the barley FIND-IT resource and each lacking one of the functional HNG biosynthetic genes (CYP79A12, CYP71C103, CYP71C113, CYP71U5, UGT85F22 and UGT85F23) showed unprecedented changes in HNG ratios enabling assignment of specific and mutually dependent catalytic functions to the biosynthetic enzymes involved. The highly similar relative ratios between the five HNGs found across wild and domesticated barley accessions indicate assembly of the HNG biosynthetic enzymes in a metabolon, the functional output of which was reconfigured in the absence of a single protein component. The absence or altered ratios of the five HNGs in the KO-lines did not change susceptibility to the fungal phytopathogen Pyrenophora teres causing net blotch. The study provides a deeper understanding of the organization of HNG biosynthesis in barley and identifies a novel, single gene HNG-0 line in an elite spring barley background for direct use in breeding of malting barley, eliminating HNGs as a source of ethyl carbamate formation in whisky production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten E Jørgensen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Kelly Houston
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Hans Jørgen L Jørgensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne C Thomsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Linda Tekaat
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Timmermann Krogh
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silas B Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mette L Damm
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Cynthia Voss
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Nielsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Skadhauge
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Mohammed S Motawia
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Pharmatech, Københavnsvej 216, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ouyang J, Zhang Z, Li J, Wu C. Integrating Enzymes with Supramolecular Polymers for Recyclable Photobiocatalytic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400105. [PMID: 38386281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of enzymes excel in the realm of enzyme engineering due to its directness, robustness, and efficiency; however, challenges persist in devising versatile and effective strategies. In this study, we introduce a supramolecular modification methodology that amalgamates a supramolecular polymer with Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) to create supramolecular enzymes (SupEnzyme). This approach features the straightforward preparation of a supramolecular amphiphilic polymer (β-CD@SMA), which was subsequently conjugated to the enzyme, resulting in a SupEnzyme capable of self-assembly into supramolecular nanoparticles. The resulting SupEnzyme nanoparticles can form micron-scale supramolecular aggregates through supramolecular and electrostatic interactions with guest entities, thus enhancing catalyst recycling. Remarkably, these aggregates maintain 80 % activity after seven cycles, outperforming Novozym 435. Additionally, they can effectively initiate photobiocatalytic cascade reactions using guest photocatalysts. As a consequence, our SupEnzyme methodology exhibits noteworthy adaptability in enzyme modification, presenting a versatile platform for various polymer, enzyme, and biocompatible catalyst pairings, with potential applications in the fields of chemistry and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vasilita C, Feng V, Hansen AK, Hartop E, Srivathsan A, Struijk R, Meier R. Express barcoding with NextGenPCR and MinION for species-level sorting of ecological samples. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13922. [PMID: 38240168 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of DNA barcoding is well established for specimen identification and large-scale biodiversity discovery, but remains underutilized for time-sensitive applications such as rapid species discovery in field stations, identifying pests, citizen science projects, and authenticating food. The main reason is that existing express barcoding workflows are either too expensive or can only be used in very well-equipped laboratories by highly-trained staff. We here show an alternative workflow combining rapid DNA extraction with HotSHOT, amplicon production with NextGenPCR thermocyclers, and sequencing with low-cost MinION sequencers. We demonstrate the power of the approach by generating 250 barcodes for 285 specimens within 6 h including specimen identification through BLAST. The workflow required only the following major equipment that easily fits onto a lab bench: Thermocycler, NextGenPCR, microplate sealer, Qubit, and MinION. Based on our results, we argue that simplified barcoding workflows for species-level sorting are now faster, more accurate, and sufficiently cost-effective to replace traditional morpho-species sorting in many projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Feng
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aslak Kappel Hansen
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily Hartop
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amrita Srivathsan
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Struijk
- Molecular Biology Systems B.V., Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pedersen SHF. Acid-base transporters in the context of tumor heterogeneity. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:689-701. [PMID: 38332178 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The copious metabolic acid production and -extrusion by cancer cells render poorly vascularized regions of solid tumors highly acidic. A growing list of proton - and bicarbonate transporters has been suggested to contribute to net acid extrusion from cancer cells, and/or been shown to be dysregulated and favor malignant development in various cancers. The great majority of these roles have been studied at the level of the cancer cells. However, recent advances in understanding of the cellular and physicochemical heterogeneity of solid tumors both enable and necessitate a reexamination of the regulation and roles of acid-base transporters in such malignancies. This review will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art, with a focus on the SLC9A and SLC4A families, for which most evidence is available. This is followed by a discussion of key concepts and open questions arising from recent insights and of the challenges that need to be tackled to address them. Finally, opportunities and challenges in therapeutic targeting of the acid-base transportome in cancers will be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine Helene Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eikeland AZ, Gjørup FH, Andersen HL, Christensen M. High-performance hexaferrite magnets tailored through alignment of shape-controlled nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10790-10798. [PMID: 38572347 PMCID: PMC10988282 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles of strontium hexaferrite, SrFe12O19, were prepared by two different synthesis methods: hydrothermal (autoclave) and sol-gel autocombustion (solid-salt-matrix). The two synthesis pathways yield nanoparticles with different morphologies and correspondingly different magnetic characteristics. The autoclave synthesis results in large plate-like crystallites, which spontaneously align with a preferred crystallographic orientation when applying a uniaxial pressure, but exhibit a relatively poor coercivity. Meanwhile, the solid-salt-matrix synthesis method results in smaller less anisotropic crystallites with enhanced coercivity, but with a relatively limited ability to align under a uniaxial applied pressure. The obtained nanocrystalline powders were dry or wet mixed in different ratios followed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) into dense pellets. A clear correlation between mixing ratio, the level of alignment and resulting coercivity was observed for the dry mixed samples, i.e. as more solid-salt-matrix powder is added, the texture of the pellets decreases and the coercivity increases. The best performing pellet in terms of maximum energy product (BHmax = 32.1(6) kJ m-3) was obtained by dry-mixing of 75 wt% autoclave prepared powder and 25 wt% solid-salt-matrix powder. The results presented here illustrate the potential of mixing magnetic nanoparticle powders with different shape characteristics to gain improved magnetic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zink Eikeland
- Department of Chemistry & Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Frederik Holm Gjørup
- Department of Chemistry & Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henrik Lyder Andersen
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Mogens Christensen
- Department of Chemistry & Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Davis JA, Poulsen LR, Kjeldgaard B, Moog MW, Brown E, Palmgren M, López-Marqués RL, Harper JF. Deficiencies in cluster-2 ALA lipid flippases result in salicylic acid-dependent growth reductions. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14228. [PMID: 38413387 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
P4 ATPases (i.e., lipid flippases) are eukaryotic enzymes that transport lipids across membrane bilayers. In plants, P4 ATPases are named Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) and are organized into five phylogenetic clusters. Here we generated an Arabidopsis mutant lacking all five cluster-2 ALAs (ala8/9/10/11/12), which is the most highly expressed ALA subgroup in vegetative tissues. Plants harboring the quintuple knockout (KO) show rosettes that are 2.2-fold smaller and display chlorotic lesions. A similar but less severe phenotype was observed in an ala10/11 double KO. The growth and lesion phenotypes of ala8/9/10/11/12 mutants were reversed by expressing a NahG transgene, which encodes an enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (SA). A role for SA in promoting the lesion phenotype was further supported by quantitative PCR assays showing increased mRNA abundance for an SA-biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) and two SA-responsive genes PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) and PR2. Lesion phenotypes were also reversed by growing plants in liquid media containing either low calcium (~0.1 mM) or high nitrogen concentrations (~24 mM), which are conditions known to suppress SA-dependent autoimmunity. Yeast-based fluorescent lipid uptake assays revealed that ALA10 and ALA11 display overlapping substrate specificities, including the transport of LysoPC signaling lipids. Together, these results establish that the biochemical functions of ALA8-12 are at least partially overlapping, and that deficiencies in cluster-2 ALAs result in an SA-dependent autoimmunity phenotype that has not been observed for flippase mutants with deficiencies in other ALA clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Lisbeth R Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Kjeldgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Max W Moog
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maar K, Shavit U, Andersen A, Kiørboe T. The fluid dynamics of barnacle feeding. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246541. [PMID: 38284759 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Sessile barnacles feed by sweeping their basket-like cirral fan through the water, intercepting suspended prey. A primary component of the diet of adult barnacles is copepods that are sensitive to fluid disturbances and capable of escaping. How do barnacles manage to capture copepods despite the fluid disturbances they generate? We examined this question by describing the feeding current architecture of 1 cm sized Balanus crenatus using particle image velocimetry, and by studying the trajectories of captured copepods and the escapes of evading copepods. We found that barnacles produce a feeding current that arrives both from behind and the sides of the barnacle. The flow from the sides represents quiescent corridors of low fluid deformation and uninterrupted by the beating cirral fan. Potential prey arriving from behind are likely to encounter the cirral fan and, hence, capture here is highly unlikely. Accordingly, most captured copepods arrived through the quiet corridors, while most copepods arriving from behind managed to escape. Thus, it is the unique feeding flow architecture that allows feeding on evasive prey. We used the Landau-Squire jet as a simple model of the feeding current. For the Reynolds number of our experiments, the model reproduces the main features of the feeding current, including the lateral feeding corridors. Furthermore, the model suggests that smaller barnacle specimens, operating at lower Reynolds numbers, will produce a fore-aft symmetric feeding current without the lateral corridors. This suggests an ontogenetic diet shift from non-evasive prey to inclusion of evasive prey as the barnacle grows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Maar
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Uri Shavit
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Anders Andersen
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suzuki-Tellier S, Kiørboe T, Simpson AGB. The function of the feeding groove of 'typical excavate' flagellates. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13016. [PMID: 38108228 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Phagotrophic flagellates are the main consumers of bacteria and picophytoplankton. Despite their ecological significance in the 'microbial loop', many of their predation mechanisms remain unclear. 'Typical excavates' bear a ventral groove, where prey is captured for ingestion. The consequences of feeding through a 'semi-rigid' furrow on the prey size range have not been explored. An unidentified moving element called 'the wave' that sweeps along the bottom of the groove toward the site of phagocytosis has been observed in a few species; its function is unclear. We investigated the presence, behavior, and function of the wave in four species from the three excavate clades (Discoba, Metamonada, and Malawimonadida) and found it present in all studied cases, suggesting the potential homology of this feature across all three groups. The wave displayed a species-specific behavior and was crucial for phagocytosis. The morphology of the feeding groove had an upper-prey size limit for successful prey captures, but smaller particles were not constrained. Additionally, the ingestion efficiencies were species dependent. By jointly studying these feeding traits, we speculate on adaptations to differences in food availability to better understand their ecological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei Suzuki-Tellier
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alastair G B Simpson
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tort R, Bagger A, Westhead O, Kondo Y, Khobnya A, Winiwarter A, Davies BJV, Walsh A, Katayama Y, Yamada Y, Ryan MP, Titirici MM, Stephens IEL. Correction to "Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation". ACS Catal 2024; 14:3169-3170. [PMID: 38449534 PMCID: PMC10913033 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03951.].
Collapse
|
13
|
Kudryavtseva O, Lyngsø KS, Jensen BL, Dimke H. Nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and smooth muscle-dependent mechanisms contribute to magnesium-dependent vascular relaxation in mouse arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14096. [PMID: 38258597 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Magnesium (Mg2+ ) is a vasorelaxant. The underlying physiological mechanisms driving this vasorelaxation remain unclear. Studies were designed to test the hypothesis that multiple signaling pathways including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in endothelial cells as well as Ca2+ antagonization and TRPM7 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells mediate Mg2+ -dependent vessel relaxation. METHODS To uncover these mechanisms, force development was measured ex vivo in aorta rings from mice using isometric wire myography. Concentration responses to Mg2+ were studied in intact and endothelium-denuded aortas. Key findings were confirmed in second-order mesenteric resistance arteries perfused ex vivo using pressure myography. Effects of Mg2+ on NO formation were measured in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, isolated mesenteric vessels, and mouse urine. RESULTS Mg2+ caused a significant concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings. This relaxation was attenuated significantly in endothelium-denuded aortas. The endothelium-dependent portion was inhibited by NO and cGMP blockade but not by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Mg2+ stimulated local NO formation in CHO cells and isolated mesenteric vessels without changing urinary NOx levels. High extracellular Mg2+ augmented acetylcholine-induced relaxation. SKCa and IKCa channel blockers apamin and TRAM34 inhibited Mg2+ -dependent relaxation. The endothelium-independent relaxation in aorta rings was inhibited by high extracellular Ca2+ . Combined blockade of NO, SKCa , and IKCa channels significantly reduced Mg2+ -dependent dilatation in mesenteric resistance vessels. CONCLUSIONS In mouse conductance and resistance arteries Mg2+ -induced relaxation is contributed by endothelial NO formation, EDHF pathways, antagonism of Ca2+ in smooth muscle cells, and additional unidentified mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kudryavtseva
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kristina S Lyngsø
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Digel L, Mierzwa M, Bonné R, Zieger SE, Pavel IA, Ferapontova E, Koren K, Boesen T, Harnisch F, Marshall IPG, Nielsen LP, Kuhn A. Cable Bacteria Skeletons as Catalytically Active Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312647. [PMID: 38018379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cable bacteria are multicellular, filamentous bacteria that use internal conductive fibers to transfer electrons over centimeter distances from donors within anoxic sediment layers to oxygen at the surface. We extracted the fibers and used them as free-standing bio-based electrodes to investigate their electrocatalytic behavior. The fibers catalyzed the reversible interconversion of oxygen and water, and an electric current was running through the fibers even when the potential difference was generated solely by a gradient of oxygen concentration. Oxygen reduction as well as oxygen evolution were confirmed by optical measurements. Within living cable bacteria, oxygen reduction by direct electrocatalysis on the fibers and not by membrane-bound proteins readily explains exceptionally high cell-specific oxygen consumption rates observed in the oxic zone, while electrocatalytic water oxidation may provide oxygen to cells in the anoxic zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Digel
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maciej Mierzwa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Robin Bonné
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Silvia E Zieger
- Aarhus University Center for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Elena Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Koren
- Aarhus University Center for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian P G Marshall
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Nielsen
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Westensee IN, Paffen LJMM, Pendlmayr S, De Dios Andres P, Ramos Docampo MA, Städler B. Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D-Bioprinted Arrangements. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303699. [PMID: 38277695 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial cells are engineered units with cell-like functions for different purposes including acting as supportive elements for mammalian cells. Artificial cells with minimal liver-like function are made of alginate and equipped with metalloporphyrins that mimic the enzyme activity of a member of the cytochrome P450 family namely CYP1A2. The artificial cells are employed to enhance the dealkylation activity within 3D bioprinted structures composed of HepG2 cells and these artificial cells. This enhancement is monitored through the conversion of resorufin ethyl ether to resorufin. HepG2 cell aggregates are 3D bioprinted using an alginate/gelatin methacryloyl ink, resulting in the successful proliferation of the HepG2 cells. The composite ink made of an alginate/gelatin liquid phase with an increasing amount of artificial cells is characterized. The CYP1A2-like activity of artificial cells is preserved over at least 35 days, where 6 nM resorufin is produced in 8 h. Composite inks made of artificial cells and HepG2 cell aggregates in a liquid phase are used for 3D bioprinting. The HepG2 cells proliferate over 35 days, and the structure has boosted CYP1A2 activity. The integration of artificial cells and their living counterparts into larger 3D semi-synthetic tissues is a step towards exploring bottom-up synthetic biology in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella N Westensee
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Lars J M M Paffen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Stefan Pendlmayr
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paula De Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Miguel A Ramos Docampo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schmidt SG, Nygaard A, Mindell JA, Loland CJ. Exploring the K + binding site and its coupling to transport in the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter LeuT. eLife 2024; 12:RP87985. [PMID: 38271216 PMCID: PMC10945697 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs) are secondary active transporters that couple the reuptake of substrate to the symport of one or two sodium ions. One bound Na+ (Na1) contributes to the substrate binding, while the other Na+ (Na2) is thought to be involved in the conformational transition of the NSS. Two NSS members, the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the Drosophila dopamine transporter (dDAT), also couple substrate uptake to the antiport of K+ by a largely undefined mechanism. We have previously shown that the bacterial NSS homologue, LeuT, also binds K+, and could therefore serve as a model protein for the exploration of K+ binding in NSS proteins. Here, we characterize the impact of K+ on substrate affinity and transport as well as on LeuT conformational equilibrium states. Both radioligand binding assays and transition metal ion FRET (tmFRET) yielded similar K+ affinities for LeuT. K+ binding was specific and saturable. LeuT reconstituted into proteoliposomes showed that intra-vesicular K+ dose-dependently increased the transport velocity of [3H]alanine, whereas extra-vesicular K+ had no apparent effect. K+ binding induced a LeuT conformation distinct from the Na+- and substrate-bound conformation. Conservative mutations of the Na1 site residues affected the binding of Na+ and K+ to different degrees. The Na1 site mutation N27Q caused a >10-fold decrease in K+ affinity but at the same time a ~3-fold increase in Na+ affinity. Together, the results suggest that K+ binding to LeuT modulates substrate transport and that the K+ affinity and selectivity for LeuT is sensitive to mutations in the Na1 site, pointing toward the Na1 site as a candidate site for facilitating the interaction with K+ in some NSSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solveig G Schmidt
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Nygaard
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Mindell
- Membrane Transport Biophysics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vermillet AQ, Krejberg SE, Nielsen JS, Parsons CE. An analysis of national media coverage of a parental leave reform investigating sentiment, semantics and contributors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1407. [PMID: 38228627 PMCID: PMC10792055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While paid leave for fathers after the birth of a child has become increasingly available, mothers still take most of the parental leave. A recent European Union (EU) reform addresses the unequal sharing of leave between parents via earmarking of paid, non-shareable leave to each parent. Given that the reform's success will depend on uptake by families, we analysed Danish national media coverage to understand how journalists were writing about the reform. We assessed the sentiment and semantics of leave reform coverage compared to general news from the same period, also considering the inferred journalist gender and newspaper political orientation. Parental leave reform articles were slightly more emotional than general news, independent of who authored the article, or the newspaper where it was published. We found a robust difference in the semantics of how female journalists wrote about the reform, relative to male journalists, and that female journalists contributed to media coverage at a higher-than-expected rate. The tendency for media coverage to be written with a non-neutral sentiment can be understood in terms of the enduring political tensions over gender equality, the role of the EU and families' rights to self-organization. That female journalists over-contributed to media coverage is interesting in understanding topic assignments or interest in parental leave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Engsig Krejberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interacting Minds Center, Building 1483, Nobelparken, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julie Svinth Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine E Parsons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Howe J, Cornwallis CK, Griffin AS. Conflict-reducing innovations in development enable increased multicellular complexity. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232466. [PMID: 38196363 PMCID: PMC10777161 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Obligately multicellular organisms, where cells can only reproduce as part of the group, have evolved multiple times across the tree of life. Obligate multicellularity has only evolved when clonal groups form by cell division, rather than by cells aggregating, as clonality prevents internal conflict. Yet obligately multicellular organisms still vary greatly in 'multicellular complexity' (the number of cells and cell types): some comprise a few cells and cell types, while others have billions of cells and thousands of types. Here, we test whether variation in multicellular complexity is explained by two conflict-suppressing mechanisms, namely a single-cell bottleneck at the start of development, and a strict separation of germline and somatic cells. Examining the life cycles of 129 lineages of plants, animals, fungi and algae, we show using phylogenetic comparative analyses that an early segregation of the germline stem-cell lineage is key to the evolution of more cell types, driven by a strong correlation in the Metazoa. By contrast, the presence of a strict single-cell bottleneck was not related to either the number of cells or the number of cell types, but was associated with early germline segregation. Our results suggest that segregating the germline earlier in development enabled greater evolutionary innovation, although whether this is a consequence of conflict reduction or other non-conflict effects, such as developmental flexibility, is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Howe
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Copenhagen University, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park TYS, Nielsen ML, Parry LA, Sørensen MV, Lee M, Kihm JH, Ahn I, Park C, de Vivo G, Smith MP, Harper DAT, Nielsen AT, Vinther J. A giant stem-group chaetognath. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi6678. [PMID: 38170772 PMCID: PMC10796117 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chaetognaths, with their characteristic grasping spines, are the oldest known pelagic predators, found in the lowest Cambrian (Terreneuvian). Here, we describe a large stem chaetognath, Timorebestia koprii gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, which exhibits lateral and caudal fins, a distinct head region with long antennae and a jaw apparatus similar to Amiskwia sagittiformis. Amiskwia has previously been interpreted as a total-group chaetognathiferan, as either a stem-chaetognath or gnathostomulid. We show that T. koprii shares a ventral ganglion with chaetognaths to the exclusion of other animal groups, firmly placing these fossils on the chaetognath stem. The large size (up to 30 cm) and gut contents in T. koprii suggest that early chaetognaths occupied a higher trophic position in pelagic food chains than today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yoon S. Park
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Morten Lunde Nielsen
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- School of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Luke A. Parry
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | | | - Mirinae Lee
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kihm
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Ahn
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkun Park
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Giacinto de Vivo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - M. Paul Smith
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK
| | - David A. T. Harper
- Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Arne T. Nielsen
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Jakob Vinther
- School of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nørrevang AF, Shabala S, Palmgren M. A two-sequence motif-based method for the inventory of gene families in fragmented and poorly annotated genome sequences. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:26. [PMID: 38172704 PMCID: PMC10763278 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Databases of genome sequences are growing exponentially, but, in some cases, assembly is incomplete and genes are poorly annotated. For evolutionary studies, it is important to identify all members of a given gene family in a genome. We developed a method for identifying most, if not all, members of a gene family from raw genomes in which assembly is of low quality, using the P-type ATPase superfamily as an example. The method is based on the translation of an entire genome in all six reading frames and the co-occurrence of two family-specific sequence motifs that are in close proximity to each other. To test the method's usability, we first used it to identify P-type ATPase members in the high-quality annotated genome of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Subsequently, after successfully identifying plasma membrane H+-ATPase family members (P3A ATPases) in various plant genomes of varying quality, we tested the hypothesis that the number of P3A ATPases correlates with the ability of the plant to tolerate saline conditions. In 19 genomes of glycophytes and halophytes, the total number of P3A ATPase genes was found to vary from 7 to 22, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. The method successfully identified P-type ATPase family members in raw genomes that are poorly assembled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Frisgaard Nørrevang
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Michael Palmgren
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thyrring J, Harley CDG. Marine latitudinal diversity gradients are generally absent in intertidal ecosystems. Ecology 2024; 105:e4205. [PMID: 37947006 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Current latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) meta-analyses have failed to distinguish one of the most widespread marine habitats, the intertidal zone, as a separate system despite it having unique abiotic challenges and spatially compressed stress gradients that affect the distribution and abundance of resident species. We address this issue by revisiting published literature and datasets on LDGs since 1911 to explore LDG patterns and their strengths in intertidal benthic, subtidal benthic, and pelagic realms and discuss the importance of recognizing intertidal ecosystems as distinct. Rocky shorelines were the most studied intertidal ecosystem encompassing 64.2% of intertidal LDG studies, and 62.9% of studies focused on assemblage composition, while the remaining 37.1% of studies were taxa specific. While our analyses confirmed LDGs in subtidal benthic and pelagic realms, with a decrease in richness toward the poles, we found no consistent intertidal LDGs in any ocean or coastline across hemispheres or biodiversity unit. Analyzing intertidal and subtidal zones as separate systems increased the strength of subtidal benthic LDGs relative to analyses combining these systems. We demonstrate that in intertidal ecosystems across oceans in both hemispheres, a latitudinal decrease in species richness is not readily apparent, which stands in contrast with significant LDG patterns found in the subtidal realm. Intertidal habitat heterogeneity, regional environmental variability and biological interactions can create species-rich hot spots independent of latitude, which may functionally outweigh a typical latitudinal decline in species richness. Although previous work has shown weaker LDGs in benthic than pelagic systems, we demonstrate that this is caused by combining subtidal and intertidal benthic ecosystems into a single benthic category. Thus, we propose that subtidal and intertidal ecosystems cannot be combined into one entity as the physical and biological parameters controlling ecosystem processes are vastly different, even among intertidal ecosystems. Thus, the intertidal zone offers a unique model system in which hypotheses can be further tested to better understand the complex processes underlying LDGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Thyrring
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecoscience-Marine Ecology and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher D G Harley
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pečnerová P, Lord E, Garcia-Erill G, Hanghøj K, Rasmussen MS, Meisner J, Liu X, van der Valk T, Santander CG, Quinn L, Lin L, Liu S, Carøe C, Dalerum F, Götherström A, Måsviken J, Vartanyan S, Raundrup K, Al-Chaer A, Rasmussen L, Hvilsom C, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Sinding MHS, Aastrup P, Van Coeverden de Groot PJ, Schmidt NM, Albrechtsen A, Dalén L, Heller R, Moltke I, Siegismund HR. Population genomics of the muskox' resilience in the near absence of genetic variation. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17205. [PMID: 37971141 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic studies of species threatened by extinction are providing crucial information about evolutionary mechanisms and genetic consequences of population declines and bottlenecks. However, to understand how species avoid the extinction vortex, insights can be drawn by studying species that thrive despite past declines. Here, we studied the population genomics of the muskox (Ovibos moschatus), an Ice Age relict that was at the brink of extinction for thousands of years at the end of the Pleistocene yet appears to be thriving today. We analysed 108 whole genomes, including present-day individuals representing the current native range of both muskox subspecies, the white-faced and the barren-ground muskox (O. moschatus wardi and O. moschatus moschatus) and a ~21,000-year-old ancient individual from Siberia. We found that the muskox' demographic history was profoundly shaped by past climate changes and post-glacial re-colonizations. In particular, the white-faced muskox has the lowest genome-wide heterozygosity recorded in an ungulate. Yet, there is no evidence of inbreeding depression in native muskox populations. We hypothesize that this can be explained by the effect of long-term gradual population declines that allowed for purging of strongly deleterious mutations. This study provides insights into how species with a history of population bottlenecks, small population sizes and low genetic diversity survive against all odds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pečnerová
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Edana Lord
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Genís Garcia-Erill
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Hanghøj
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malthe Sebro Rasmussen
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Meisner
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom van der Valk
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cindy G Santander
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liam Quinn
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Long Lin
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- The GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Carøe
- The GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC-UO-PA), Mieres, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Anders Götherström
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Måsviken
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Vartanyan
- North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute N.A.N.A. Shilo, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | | | - Amal Al-Chaer
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linett Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Holger S Sinding
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Peter Aastrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Martin Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Love Dalén
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Heller
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Moltke
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Redlef Siegismund
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Klamser PP, Zachariae A, Maier BF, Baranov O, Jongen C, Schlosser F, Brockmann D. Inferring country-specific import risk of diseases from the world air transportation network. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011775. [PMID: 38266041 PMCID: PMC10843136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease propagation between countries strongly depends on their effective distance, a measure derived from the world air transportation network (WAN). It reduces the complex spreading patterns of a pandemic to a wave-like propagation from the outbreak country, establishing a linear relationship to the arrival time of the unmitigated spread of a disease. However, in the early stages of an outbreak, what concerns decision-makers in countries is understanding the relative risk of active cases arriving in their country-essentially, the likelihood that an active case boarding an airplane at the outbreak location will reach them. While there are data-fitted models available to estimate these risks, accurate mechanistic, parameter-free models are still lacking. Therefore, we introduce the 'import risk' model in this study, which defines import probabilities using the effective-distance framework. The model assumes that airline passengers are distributed along the shortest path tree that starts at the outbreak's origin. In combination with a random walk, we account for all possible paths, thus inferring predominant connecting flights. Our model outperforms other mobility models, such as the radiation and gravity model with varying distance types, and it improves further if additional geographic information is included. The import risk model's precision increases for countries with stronger connections within the WAN, and it reveals a geographic distance dependence that implies a pull- rather than a push-dynamic in the distribution process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal P. Klamser
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Zachariae
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin F. Maier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Baranov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Jongen
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schlosser
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Brockmann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Center Synergy of Systems (SynoSys), Center for Interdisciplinary Digital Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lynggaard C, Frøslev TG, Johnson MS, Olsen MT, Bohmann K. Airborne environmental DNA captures terrestrial vertebrate diversity in nature. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13840. [PMID: 37497670 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The current biodiversity and climate crises highlight the need for efficient tools to monitor terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we provide evidence for the use of airborne eDNA analyses as a novel method for detecting terrestrial vertebrate communities in nature. Metabarcoding of 143 airborne eDNA samples collected during 3 days in a mixed forest in Denmark yielded 64 bird, mammal, fish and amphibian taxa, of which the detected 57 'wild' taxa represent over a quarter of the around 210 terrestrial vertebrates that occur in the overall area. We provide evidence for the spatial movement and temporal patterns of airborne eDNA and for the influence of weather conditions on vertebrate detections. This study demonstrates airborne eDNA for high-resolution biomonitoring of vertebrates in terrestrial systems and elucidates its potential to guide global nature management and conservation efforts in the ongoing biodiversity crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lynggaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
- Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DevLabs, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Tange Olsen
- Section for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jerotic K, Vuust P, Kringelbach ML. Psychedelia: The interplay of music and psychedelics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1531:12-28. [PMID: 37983198 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Music and psychedelics have been intertwined throughout the existence of Homo sapiens, from the early shamanic rituals of the Americas and Africa to the modern use of psychedelic-assisted therapy for a variety of mental health conditions. Across such settings, music has been highly prized for its ability to guide the psychedelic experience. Here, we examine the interplay between music and psychedelics, starting by describing their association with the brain's functional hierarchy that is relied upon for music perception and its psychedelic-induced manipulation, as well as an exploration of the limited research on their mechanistic neural overlap. We explore music's role in Western psychedelic therapy and the use of music in indigenous psychedelic rituals, with a specific focus on ayahuasca and the Santo Daime Church. Furthermore, we explore work relating to the evolution and onset of music and psychedelic use. Finally, we consider music's potential to lead to altered states of consciousness in the absence of psychedelics as well as the development of psychedelic music. Here, we provide an overview of several perspectives on the interaction between psychedelic use and music-a topic with growing interest given increasing excitement relating to the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Jerotic
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zedler JAZ, Schirmacher AM, Russo DA, Hodgson L, Gundersen E, Matthes A, Frank S, Verkade P, Jensen PE. Self-Assembly of Nanofilaments in Cyanobacteria for Protein Co-localization. ACS Nano 2023; 17:25279-25290. [PMID: 38065569 PMCID: PMC10754207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria offer great potential as alternative biotechnological hosts due to their photoautotrophic capacities. However, in comparison to established heterotrophic hosts, several key aspects, such as product titers, are still lagging behind. Nanobiotechnology is an emerging field with great potential to improve existing hosts, but so far, it has barely been explored in microbial photosynthetic systems. Here, we report the establishment of large proteinaceous nanofilaments in the unicellular model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the fast-growing cyanobacterial strain Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973. Transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography demonstrated that expression of pduA*, encoding a modified bacterial microcompartment shell protein, led to the generation of bundles of longitudinally aligned nanofilaments in S. elongatus UTEX 2973 and shorter filamentous structures in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Comparative proteomics showed that PduA* was at least 50 times more abundant than the second most abundant protein in the cell and that nanofilament assembly had only a minor impact on cellular metabolism. Finally, as a proof-of-concept for co-localization with the filaments, we targeted a fluorescent reporter protein, mCitrine, to PduA* by fusion with an encapsulation peptide that natively interacts with PduA. The establishment of nanofilaments in cyanobacterial cells is an important step toward cellular organization of heterologous pathways and the establishment of cyanobacteria as next-generation hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Z. Zedler
- Synthetic
Biology of Photosynthetic Organisms, Matthias Schleiden Institute
for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra M. Schirmacher
- Synthetic
Biology of Photosynthetic Organisms, Matthias Schleiden Institute
for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David A. Russo
- Bioorganic
Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Emil Gundersen
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Matthes
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Frank
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, London, WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
| | - Paul Verkade
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department
of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu H, Ouyang J, Liu WQ, Wu C, Li J. Enzyme-Polymer-Conjugate-Based Pickering Emulsions for Cell-Free Expression and Cascade Biotransformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312906. [PMID: 37966024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we addressed the limitations of conventional enzyme-polymer-conjugate-based Pickering emulsions for interfacial biocatalysis, which traditionally suffer from nonspecific and uncontrollable conjugation positions that can impede catalytic performance. By introducing a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) at a specific site on target enzymes, we enabled precise polymer-enzyme conjugation. These engineered conjugates then acted as biocatalytically active emulsifiers to stabilize Pickering emulsions, while encapsulating a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system in the aqueous phase for targeted enzyme expression. The resulting cascade reaction system leveraged enzymes expressed in the aqueous phase and on the emulsion interface for optimized chemical biosynthesis. The use of the cell-free system eliminated the need for intact whole cells or purified enzymes, representing a significant advancement in biocatalysis. Remarkably, the integration of Pickering emulsion, precise enzyme-polymer conjugation, and CFPS resulted in a fivefold enhancement in catalytic performance as compared to traditional single-phase reactions. Therefore, our approach harnesses the combined strengths of advanced biochemical engineering techniques, offering an efficient and practical solution for the synthesis of value-added chemicals in various biocatalysis and biotransformation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jingping Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Butt L, Unnersjö-Jess D, Reilly D, Hahnfeldt R, Rinschen MM, Bozek K, Schermer B, Benzing T, Höhne M. In vivo characterization of a podocyte-expressed short podocin isoform. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:378. [PMID: 38114895 PMCID: PMC10731740 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common genetic causes of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are mutations in the NPHS2 gene, which encodes the cholesterol-binding, lipid-raft associated protein podocin. Mass spectrometry and cDNA sequencing revealed the existence of a second shorter isoform in the human kidney in addition to the well-studied canonical full-length protein. Distinct subcellular localization of the shorter isoform that lacks part of the conserved PHB domain suggested a physiological role. Here, we analyzed whether this protein can substitute for the canonical full-length protein. The short isoform of podocin is not found in other organisms except humans. We therefore analysed a mouse line expressing the equivalent podocin isoform (podocinΔexon5) by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing. We characterized the phenotype of these mice expressing podocinΔexon5 and used targeted mass spectrometry and qPCR to compare protein and mRNA levels of podocinwildtype and podocinΔexon5. After immunolabeling slit diaphragm components, STED microscopy was applied to visualize alterations of the podocytes' foot process morphology.Mice homozygous for podocinΔexon5 were born heavily albuminuric and did not survive past the first 24 h after birth. Targeted mass spectrometry revealed massively decreased protein levels of podocinΔexon5, whereas mRNA abundance was not different from the canonical form of podocin. STED microscopy revealed the complete absence of podocin at the podocytes' slit diaphragm and severe morphological alterations of podocyte foot processes. Mice heterozygous for podocinΔexon5 were phenotypically and morphologically unaffected despite decreased podocin and nephrin protein levels.The murine equivalent to the human short isoform of podocin cannot stabilize the lipid-protein complex at the podocyte slit diaphragm. Reduction of podocin levels at the site of the slit diaphragm complex has a detrimental effect on podocyte function and morphology. It is associated with decreased protein abundance of nephrin, the central component of the filtration-slit forming slit diaphragm protein complex.
Collapse
Grants
- KFO 329, BR4917/3, INST 1856/71-1 FUGG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- KFO 329, BR4917/3, INST 1856/71-1 FUGG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- KFO 329, BR4917/3, INST 1856/71-1 FUGG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- KFO 329, BR4917/3, INST 1856/71-1 FUGG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- KFO 329, BR4917/3, INST 1856/71-1 FUGG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Project No: 2019_KollegSE.04 Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung,Germany
- Project No: 2019_KollegSE.04 Eva Luise und Horst Köhler Stiftung
- NNF19OC0056043 Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Young Researcher Fellowship Carlsbergfondet
- 311-8.03.03.02-147635 North Rhine-Westphalia return program
- 01ZX1917B Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- BMBF 01-GM1901E Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Universitätsklinikum Köln (8977)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, CECAD Building, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, CECAD Building, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dervla Reilly
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Robert Hahnfeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine and Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bozek
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, CECAD Building, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, CECAD Building, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, CECAD Building, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne CECAD building Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 62, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen N, Zhang Z, Hou J, Chen J, Gao X, Tang L, Wangdue S, Zhang X, Sinding MHS, Liu X, Han J, Lü H, Lei C, Marshall F, Liu X. Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi6857. [PMID: 38091398 PMCID: PMC10848728 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Domestic yak, cattle, and their hybrids are fundamental to herder survival at high altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about their history. Bos remains are uncommon in this region, and ancient domestic yak have not been securely identified. To identify Bos taxa and investigate their initial management, we conducted zooarchaeological analyses of 193 Bos specimens and sequenced five nuclear genomes from recently excavated assemblages at Bangga. Morphological data indicated that more cattle than yak were present. Ancient mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome sequences identified taurine cattle and provided evidence for domestic yak and yak-cattle hybridization ~2500 years ago. Reliance on diverse Bos species and their hybrid has increased cattle adaptation and herder resilience to plateau conditions. Ancient cattle and yak at Bangga were closely related to contemporary livestock, indicating early herder legacies and the continuity of cattle and yak husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena 07745, Germany
- Domestication and Anthropogenic Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Shargan Wangdue
- Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Xuexue Liu
- National Germplasm Centre of Domestic Animal Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Jianlin Han
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, P. R. China
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Lü
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Fiona Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kampen PJT, Støttrup-Als GR, Bruun-Andersen N, Secher J, Høier F, Hansen AT, Dziegiel MH, Christensen AN, Berg-Sørensen K. Classification of fetal and adult red blood cells based on hydrodynamic deformation and deep video recognition. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 26:5. [PMID: 38095813 PMCID: PMC10721708 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Flow based deformation cytometry has shown potential for cell classification. We demonstrate the principle with an injection moulded microfluidic chip from which we capture videos of adult and fetal red blood cells, as they are being deformed in a microfluidic chip. Using a deep neural network - SlowFast - that takes the temporal behavior into account, we are able to discriminate between the cells with high accuracy. The accuracy was larger for adult blood cells than for fetal blood cells. However, no significant difference was observed between donors of the two types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustav Ragnar Støttrup-Als
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Bruun-Andersen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joachim Secher
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Freja Høier
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Todsen Hansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nymark Christensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Berg-Sørensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cava LL, Aiello LM, Tagarelli A. Drivers of social influence in the Twitter migration to Mastodon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21626. [PMID: 38062053 PMCID: PMC10703911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of Twitter users to Mastodon following Elon Musk's acquisition presents a unique opportunity to study collective behavior and gain insights into the drivers of coordinated behavior in online media. We analyzed the social network and the public conversations of about 75,000 migrated users and observed that the temporal trace of their migrations is compatible with a phenomenon of social influence, as described by a compartmental epidemic model of information diffusion. Drawing from prior research on behavioral change, we delved into the factors that account for variations of the effectiveness of the influence process across different Twitter communities. Communities in which the influence process unfolded more rapidly exhibit lower density of social connections, higher levels of signaled commitment to migrating, and more emphasis on shared identity and exchange of factual knowledge in the community discussion. These factors account collectively for 57% of the variance in the observed data. Our results highlight the joint importance of network structure, commitment, and psycho-linguistic aspects of social interactions in characterizing grassroots collective action, and contribute to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that drive processes of behavior change of online groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Maria Aiello
- IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Pioneer Centre for AI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Loupit G, Fonayet JV, Lorensen MDBB, Franc C, De Revel G, Janfelt C, Cookson SJ. Tissue-specific stilbene accumulation is an early response to wounding/grafting as revealed by using spatial and temporal metabolomics. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:3871-3886. [PMID: 37646324 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is widely used in horticulture. Shortly after grafting, callus tissues appear at the graft interface and the vascular tissues of the scion and rootstock connect. The graft interface contains a complex mix of tissues, we hypothesised that each tissue has its own metabolic response to wounding/grafting and accumulates different metabolites at different rates. We made intact and wounded cuttings and grafts of grapevine, and then measured changes in bulk flavonoid, phenolic acid and stilbenoid concentration and used metabolite imaging to study tissue-specific responses. We show that some metabolites rapidly accumulate in specific tissues after grafting, for example, stilbene monomers accumulate in necrotic tissues surrounding mature xylem vessels. Whereas other metabolites, such as complex stilbenes, accumulate in the same tissues at later stages. We also observe that other metabolites accumulate in the newly formed callus tissue and identify genotype-specific responses. In addition, exogenous resveratrol application did not modify grafting success rate, potentially suggesting that the accumulation of resveratrol at the graft interface is not linked to graft union formation. The increasing concentration of complex stilbenes often occurs in response to plant stresses (via unknown mechanisms), and potentially increases antioxidant activity and antifungal capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Loupit
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Josep V Fonayet
- Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marcus D B B Lorensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Céline Franc
- Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Gilles De Revel
- Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Albertsen A. Efficiency and the futures market in organs. Monash Bioeth Rev 2023; 41:66-81. [PMID: 37688713 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable debate over regulated organ markets. Especially current markets, where people sell one of their kidneys while still alive, have received increased attention. Futures markets remain an interesting and under-discussed alternative specification of a market-based solution to the organ shortage. Futures markets pertain to the sale of the right to procure people's organs after they die. There is a wide range of possible specifications of the futures market. There are, however, some major unaddressed efficiency concerns. This article presents this class of concerns and discusses the implication for organ futures markets. It identifies a number of inefficiency sources pertaining to crowding out, bad organs, costs and missed opportunities, family refusals, moral hazard and strength of the provided incentive. However, a complete assessment of futures market requires better knowledge regarding the potential reaction from donors, families and health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Albertsen
- Department of Political Science and the Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination CEPDISC, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 7, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schelde K, Rosenjack J, Sonneborn C, Jafri A, Kavran M, Brumbaugh S, Rietsch A, Darrah RJ, Hodges CA, Flask CA, Kelley TJ, Drumm ML. A minimally invasive bronchoscopic approach for direct delivery to murine airways and application to models of pulmonary infection. Lab Anim 2023; 57:611-622. [PMID: 37382374 PMCID: PMC10693731 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231175553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is used extensively for human disease modeling and preclinical therapeutic testing for efficacy, biodistribution, and toxicity. The variety of murine models available, and the ability to create new ones, eclipses all other species, but the size of mice and their organs create challenges for many in vivo studies. For pulmonary research, improved methods to access murine airways and lungs, and track substances administered to them, would be desirable. A nonsurgical endoscopic system with a camera, effectively a bronchoscope, coupled with a cryoimaging fluorescence microscopy technique to view the lungs in 3D, is described here that allows visualization of the procedure, including the anatomical location at which substances are instilled and fluorescence detection of those substances. We have applied it to bacterial infection studies to characterize better and optimize a chronic lung infection murine model in which we instill bacteria-laden agarose beads into the airways and lungs to extend the duration of the infection and inflammation. The use of the endoscope as guidance for placing a catheter into the airways is simple and quick, requiring only momentary sedation, and reduces post-procedural mortality compared with our previous instillation method that includes a trans-tracheal surgery. The endoscopic method improves speed and precision of delivery while reducing the stress on animals and the number of animals generated and used for experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schelde
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Julie Rosenjack
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Claire Sonneborn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Anjum Jafri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Michael Kavran
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Rebecca J Darrah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Mitchell L Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tort R, Bagger A, Westhead O, Kondo Y, Khobnya A, Winiwarter A, Davies BJV, Walsh A, Katayama Y, Yamada Y, Ryan MP, Titirici MM, Stephens IEL. Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14513-14522. [PMID: 38026818 PMCID: PMC10660346 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Li-mediated ammonia synthesis is, thus far, the only electrochemical method for heterogeneous decentralized ammonia production. The unique selectivity of the solid electrode provides an alternative to one of the largest heterogeneous thermal catalytic processes. However, it is burdened with intrinsic energy losses, operating at a Li plating potential. In this work, we survey the periodic table to understand the fundamental features that make Li stand out. Through density functional theory calculations and experimentation on chemistries analogous to lithium (e.g., Na, Mg, Ca), we find that lithium is unique in several ways. It combines a stable nitride that readily decomposes to ammonia with an ideal solid electrolyte interphase, balancing reagents at the reactive interface. We propose descriptors based on simulated formation and binding energies of key intermediates and further on hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB principle) to generalize such features. The survey will help the community toward electrochemical systems beyond Li for nitrogen fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tort
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Olivia Westhead
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yasuyuki Kondo
- Osaka
University, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research),
Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Artem Khobnya
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Anna Winiwarter
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | - Aron Walsh
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yu Katayama
- Osaka
University, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research),
Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Osaka
University, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research),
Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mary P. Ryan
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Westbury MV, Brown SC, Lorenzen J, O’Neill S, Scott MB, McCuaig J, Cheung C, Armstrong E, Valdes PJ, Samaniego Castruita JA, Cabrera AA, Blom SK, Dietz R, Sonne C, Louis M, Galatius A, Fordham DA, Ribeiro S, Szpak P, Lorenzen ED. Impact of Holocene environmental change on the evolutionary ecology of an Arctic top predator. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf3326. [PMID: 37939193 PMCID: PMC10631739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is among the most climatically sensitive environments on Earth, and the disappearance of multiyear sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is predicted within decades. As apex predators, polar bears are sentinel species for addressing the impact of environmental variability on Arctic marine ecosystems. By integrating genomics, isotopic analysis, morphometrics, and ecological modeling, we investigate how Holocene environmental changes affected polar bears around Greenland. We uncover reductions in effective population size coinciding with increases in annual mean sea surface temperature, reduction in sea ice cover, declines in suitable habitat, and shifts in suitable habitat northward. Furthermore, we show that west and east Greenlandic polar bears are morphologically, and ecologically distinct, putatively driven by regional biotic and genetic differences. Together, we provide insights into the vulnerability of polar bears to environmental change and how the Arctic marine ecosystem plays a vital role in shaping the evolutionary and ecological trajectories of its inhabitants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Westbury
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Stuart C. Brown
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Lorenzen
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Stuart O’Neill
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael B. Scott
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L0G2, Canada
| | - Julia McCuaig
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L0G2, Canada
| | - Christina Cheung
- Department of Anthropology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Armstrong
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul J. Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Andrea A. Cabrera
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Stine Keibel Blom
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
- Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
- Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Marie Louis
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, Nuuk 3900, Denmark
| | - Anders Galatius
- Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Damien A. Fordham
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sofia Ribeiro
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
- Glaciology and Climate Department, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L0G2, Canada
| | - Eline D. Lorenzen
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pedersen A, Bagger A, Barrio J, Maillard F, Stephens IEL, Titirici MM. Atomic metal coordinated to nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a perspective on progress, pitfalls and prospectives. J Mater Chem A Mater 2023; 11:23211-23222. [PMID: 38013915 PMCID: PMC10629202 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta04711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells require reduced construction costs to improve commercial viability, which can be fueled by elimination of platinum as the O2 reduction electrocatalyst. The past 10 years has seen significant developments in synthesis, characterisation, and electrocatalytic performance of the most promising alternative electrocatalyst; single metal atoms coordinated to nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C). In this Perspective we recap some of the important achievements of M-N-Cs in the last decade, as well as discussing current knowledge gaps and future research directions for the community. We provide a new outlook on M-N-C stability and atomistic understanding with a set of original density functional theory simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie-Mont-Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, LEPMI 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Minasandra P, Jensen FH, Gersick AS, Holekamp KE, Strauss ED, Strandburg-Peshkin A. Accelerometer-based predictions of behaviour elucidate factors affecting the daily activity patterns of spotted hyenas. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230750. [PMID: 38026018 PMCID: PMC10645113 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal activity patterns are highly variable and influenced by internal and external factors, including social processes. Quantifying activity patterns in natural settings can be challenging, as it is difficult to monitor animals over long time periods. Here, we developed and validated a machine-learning-based classifier to identify behavioural states from accelerometer data of wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), social carnivores that live in large fission-fusion societies. By combining this classifier with continuous collar-based accelerometer data from five hyenas, we generated a complete record of activity patterns over more than one month. We used these continuous behavioural sequences to investigate how past activity, individual idiosyncrasies, and social synchronization influence hyena activity patterns. We found that hyenas exhibit characteristic crepuscular-nocturnal daily activity patterns. Time spent active was independent of activity level on previous days, suggesting that hyenas do not show activity compensation. We also found limited evidence for an effect of individual identity on activity, and showed that pairs of hyenas who synchronized their activity patterns must have spent more time together. This study sheds light on the patterns and drivers of activity in spotted hyena societies, and also provides a useful tool for quantifying behavioural sequences from accelerometer data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Minasandra
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frants H. Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Gersick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kay E. Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eli D. Strauss
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang C, Wegeberg C, Wenger OS. First-Row d 6 Metal Complex Enables Photon Upconversion and Initiates Blue Light-Dependent Polymerization with Red Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311470. [PMID: 37681516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers for sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA-UC) often rely on precious heavy metals, whereas coordination complexes based on abundant first-row transition metals are less common. This is mainly because long-lived triplet excited states are more difficult to obtain for 3d metals, particularly when the d-subshell is only partially filled. Here, we report the first example of sTTA-UC based on a 3d6 metal photosensitizer yielding an upconversion performance competitive with precious metal-based analogues. Using a newly developed Cr0 photosensitizer featuring equally good photophysical properties as an OsII benchmark complex in combination with an acetylene-decorated anthracene annihilator, red-to-blue upconversion is achievable. The upconversion efficiency under optimized conditions is 1.8 %, and the excitation power density threshold to reach the strong annihilation limit is 5.9 W/cm2 . These performance factors, along with high photostability, permit the initiation of acrylamide polymerization by red light, based on radiative energy transfer between delayed annihilator fluorescence and a blue light absorbing photo-initiator. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for photon upconversion with elusive first-row analogues of widely employed precious d6 metal photosensitizers, and for their application in photochemical reactions triggered by excitation wavelengths close to near-infrared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Current address: Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastraße 7, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Current address: Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Poulie CM, Chan CB, Parka A, Lettorp M, Vos J, Raaschou A, Pottie E, Bundgaard MS, Sørensen LME, Cecchi CR, Märcher-Rørsted E, Bach A, Herth MM, Decker A, Jensen AA, Elfving B, Kretschmann AC, Stove CP, Kohlmeier KA, Cornett C, Janfelt C, Kornum BR, Kristensen JL. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Pellotine: A Hypnotic Lophophora Alkaloid. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1492-1507. [PMID: 37854625 PMCID: PMC10580395 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Quality of life is often reduced in patients with sleep-wake disorders. Insomnia is commonly treated with benzodiazepines, despite their well-known side effects. Pellotine (1), a Lophophora alkaloid, has been reported to have short-acting sleep-inducing properties in humans. In this study, we set out to evaluate various in vitro and in vivo properties of 1. We demonstrate that 1 undergoes slow metabolism; e.g. in mouse liver microsomes 65% remained, and in human liver microsomes virtually no metabolism was observed after 4 h. In mouse liver microsomes, two phase I metabolites were identified: 7-desmethylpellotine and pellotine-N-oxide. In mice, the two diastereomers of pellotine-O-glucuronide were additionally identified as phase II metabolites. Furthermore, we demonstrated by DESI-MSI that 1 readily enters the central nervous system of rodents. Furthermore, radioligand-displacement assays showed that 1 is selective for the serotonergic system and in particular the serotonin (5-HT)1D, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors, where it binds with affinities in the nanomolar range (117, 170, and 394 nM, respectively). Additionally, 1 was functionally characterized at 5-HT6 and 5-HT7, where it was found to be an agonist at the former (EC50 = 94 nM, Emax = 32%) and an inverse agonist at the latter (EC50 = 291 nM, Emax = -98.6). Finally, we demonstrated that 1 dose-dependently decreases locomotion in mice, inhibits REM sleep, and promotes sleep fragmentation. Thus, we suggest that pellotine itself, and not an active metabolite, is responsible for the hypnotic effects and that these effects are possibly mediated through modulation of serotonergic receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian
B. M. Poulie
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla B. Chan
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Parka
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Lettorp
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Vos
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Raaschou
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikkel S. Bundgaard
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louis M. E. Sørensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia R. Cecchi
- Translational
Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Märcher-Rørsted
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine
& PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Decker
- Center for
Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational
Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas C. Kretschmann
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christophe P. Stove
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristi A. Kohlmeier
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Cornett
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte R. Kornum
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, C Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Garner MH, Blaskovits JT, Corminboeuf C. Double-bond delocalization in non-alternant hydrocarbons induces inverted singlet-triplet gaps. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10458-10466. [PMID: 37800005 PMCID: PMC10548509 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules where the first excited singlet state is lower in energy than the first excited triplet state have the potential to revolutionize OLEDs. This inverted singlet-triplet gap violates Hund's rule and currently there are only a few molecules which are known to have this property. Here, we screen the complete set of non-alternant hydrocarbons consisting of 5-, 6-, 7-membered rings fused into two-, three- and four-ring polycyclic systems. We identify several molecules where the symmetry of the ground-state structure is broken due to bond-length alternation. Through symmetry-constrained optimizations we identify several molecular cores where the singlet-triplet gap is inverted when the structure is in a higher symmetry, pentalene being a known example. We uncover a strategy to stabilize the molecular cores into their higher-symmetry structures with electron donors or acceptors. We design several substituted pentalenes, s-indacenes, and indeno[1,2,3-ef]heptalenes with inverted gaps, among which there are several synthetically known examples. In contrast to known inverted gap emitters, we identify the double-bond delocalized structure of their conjugated cores as the necessary condition to achieve the inverted gap. This strategy enables chemical tuning and paves the way for the rational design of polycyclic hydrocarbons with inverted singlet-triplet gaps. These molecules are prospective emitters if their properties can be optimized for use in OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Garner
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J Terence Blaskovits
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lundbak Olesen C, Waade PT, Albantakis L, Mathys C. Phi fluctuates with surprisal: An empirical pre-study for the synthesis of the free energy principle and integrated information theory. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011346. [PMID: 37862364 PMCID: PMC10619809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Free Energy Principle (FEP) and Integrated Information Theory (IIT) are two ambitious theoretical approaches. The first aims to make a formal framework for describing self-organizing and life-like systems in general, and the second attempts a mathematical theory of conscious experience based on the intrinsic properties of a system. They are each concerned with complementary aspects of the properties of systems, one with life and behavior, the other with meaning and experience, so combining them has potential for scientific value. In this paper, we take a first step towards such a synthesis by expanding on the results of an earlier published evolutionary simulation study, which show a relationship between IIT-measures and fitness in differing complexities of tasks. We relate a basic information theoretic measure from the FEP, surprisal, to this result, finding that the surprisal of simulated agents' observations is inversely related to the general increase in fitness and integration over evolutionary time. Moreover, surprisal fluctuates together with IIT-based consciousness measures in within-trial time. This suggests that the consciousness measures used in IIT indirectly depend on the relation between the agent and the external world, and that it should therefore be possible to relate them to the theoretical concepts used in the FEP. Lastly, we suggest a future approach for investigating this relationship empirically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa Albantakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christoph Mathys
- Interacting Minds Centre (IMC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Tranlational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bjørk PK, Johansen NT, Havshøi NW, Rasmussen SA, Ipsen JØ, Isbrandt T, Larsen TO, Fuglsang AT. Trichoderma harzianum Peptaibols Stimulate Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Activity. ACS Omega 2023; 8:34928-34937. [PMID: 37779967 PMCID: PMC10536087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of their ability to promote growth, act as biopesticides, and improve abiotic stress tolerance, Trichoderma spp. have been used for plant seed coating. However, the mechanism for the promotion of plant growth remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of fungal extracts on the plant plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, which is essential for plant growth and often a target of plant-associated microbes. We show that Trichoderma harzianum extract increases H+-ATPase activity, and by fractionation and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), we identify the activating components trichorzin PA (tPA) II and tPA VI that belong to the class of peptaibols. Peptaibols are nonribosomal peptides that can integrate into membranes and form indiscriminate ion channels, which causes pesticidal activity. To further investigate peptaibol-mediated H+-ATPase activation, we compare the effect of tPA II and VI to that of the model peptaibol alamethicin (AlaM). We show that AlaM increases H+-ATPase turnover rates in a concentration-dependent manner, with a peak in activity measured at 31.25 μM, above which activity decreases. Using fluorescent probes and light scattering, we find that the AlaM-mediated increase in activity is not correlated to increased membrane fluidity or vesicle integrity, whereas the activity decrease at high AlaM concentrations is likely due to PM overloading of AlaM pores. Overall, our results suggest that the symbiosis of fungi and plants, specifically related to peptaibols, is a concentration-dependent balance, where peptaibols do not act only as biocontrol agents but also as plant growth stimulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klemmed Bjørk
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Tidemand Johansen
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Weise Havshøi
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Silas Anselm Rasmussen
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johan Ørskov Ipsen
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Isbrandt
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Juelsholt M, Aalling-Frederiksen O, Lindahl Christiansen T, Kjær ETS, Lefeld N, Kirsch A, Jensen KMØ. Influence of the Precursor Structure on the Formation of Tungsten Oxide Polymorphs. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14949-14958. [PMID: 37658472 PMCID: PMC10520979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding material nucleation processes is crucial for the development of synthesis pathways for tailormade materials. However, we currently have little knowledge of the influence of the precursor solution structure on the formation pathway of materials. We here use in situ total scattering to show how the precursor solution structure influences which crystal structure is formed during the hydrothermal synthesis of tungsten oxides. We investigate the synthesis of tungsten oxide from the two polyoxometalate salts, ammonium metatungstate, and ammonium paratungstate. In both cases, a hexagonal ammonium tungsten bronze (NH4)0.25WO3 is formed as the final product. If the precursor solution contains metatungstate clusters, this phase forms directly in the hydrothermal synthesis. However, if the paratungstate B cluster is present at the time of crystallization, a metastable intermediate phase in the form of a pyrochlore-type tungsten oxide, WO3·0.5H2O, initially forms. The pyrochlore structure then undergoes a phase transformation into the tungsten bronze phase. Our studies thus experimentally show that the precursor cluster structure present at the moment of crystallization directly influences the formed crystalline phase and suggests that the precursor structure just prior to crystallization can be used as a tool for targeting specific crystalline phases of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Emil T. S. Kjær
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Niels Lefeld
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse/NW2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kirsch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gerovska D, Noer JB, Qin Y, Ain Q, Januzi D, Schwab M, Witte OW, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Kretz A. A distinct circular DNA profile intersects with proteome changes in the genotoxic stress-related hSOD1 G93A model of ALS. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:170. [PMID: 37705092 PMCID: PMC10498603 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genes, including SOD1, mutated in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (f/sALS) share a role in DNA damage and repair, emphasizing genome disintegration in ALS. One possible outcome of chromosomal instability and repair processes is extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) formation. Therefore, eccDNA might accumulate in f/sALS with yet unknown function. METHODS We combined rolling circle amplification with linear DNA digestion to purify eccDNA from the cervical spinal cord of 9 co-isogenic symptomatic hSOD1G93A mutants and 10 controls, followed by deep short-read sequencing. We mapped the eccDNAs and performed differential analysis based on the split read signal of the eccDNAs, referred as DifCir, between the ALS and control specimens, to find differentially produced per gene circles (DPpGC) in the two groups. Compared were eccDNA abundances, length distributions and genic profiles. We further assessed proteome alterations in ALS by mass spectrometry, and matched the DPpGCs with differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ALS. Additionally, we aligned the ALS-specific DPpGCs to ALS risk gene databases. RESULTS We found a six-fold enrichment in the number of unique eccDNAs in the genotoxic ALS-model relative to controls. We uncovered a distinct genic circulome profile characterized by 225 up-DPpGCs, i.e., genes that produced more eccDNAs from distinct gene sequences in ALS than under control conditions. The inter-sample recurrence rate was at least 89% for the top 6 up-DPpGCs. ALS proteome analyses revealed 42 corresponding DEPs, of which 19 underlying genes were itemized for an ALS risk in GWAS databases. The up-DPpGCs and their DEP tandems mainly impart neuron-specific functions, and gene set enrichment analyses indicated an overrepresentation of the adenylate cyclase modulating G protein pathway. CONCLUSIONS We prove, for the first time, a significant enrichment of eccDNA in the ALS-affected spinal cord. Our triple circulome, proteome and genome approach provide indication for a potential importance of certain eccDNAs in ALS neurodegeneration and a yet unconsidered role as ALS biomarkers. The related functional pathways might open up new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Julie B Noer
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yating Qin
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hepatology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Donjetë Januzi
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
- Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, 48149, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Kretz
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Thuringia, Germany.
- Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Thuringia, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Andersson SA, Dittrich A, Lauridsen H. Continuous anesthesia for 60 days in an isosmotic environment does not impair limb or cardiac regeneration in the axolotl. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14951. [PMID: 37697071 PMCID: PMC10495452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal animal experiments in the field of regenerative biology often require repeated use of short-term anesthesia (minutes to a few hours). Regain of consciousness limits the level of acceptable invasiveness of procedures, and it makes it difficult to untangle behavioral changes caused by injury to physiological processes involved in the regenerative response. Therefore, a method to keep a regenerative research animal in a comatose state under continuous anesthesia during regenerative experiments often spanning months, would be ethically and experimentally desirable. Here we report on a method using propofol based anesthesia in an isosmotic environment that allows for continuous anesthesia of regenerating axolotls for 60 days with a 75% survival rate, thus spanning the majority of a full regenerative cycle following limb amputation or cryoinjury to the heart. No differences were detected in the axolotl's ability to regenerate amputated limbs and cardiac cryo-injury while anesthetized, however some regenerative failures in the limb were observed in both anesthetized and unanesthetized control groups, most likely caused by prolonged fasting. Sixty days of anesthesia may be approaching a level were kidney function is affected, but the 75% surviving anesthetized animals recovered well after anesthesia and showed a full behavioral recovery within 17 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Amalie Andersson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Despicht C, Munkboel CH, Chou HN, Ertl P, Rothbauer M, Kutter JP, Styrishave B, Kretschmann A. Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay-biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5421-5436. [PMID: 37438566 PMCID: PMC10444685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Despicht
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Cecilie H Munkboel
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Hua Nee Chou
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kretschmann
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Knox JBL, Svendsen MN. The fertility of moral ambiguity in precision medicine. Med Health Care Philos 2023; 26:465-476. [PMID: 37280471 PMCID: PMC10243698 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although precision medicine cuts across a large spectrum of professions, interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial moral deliberation has yet to be widely enacted, let alone formalized in this field. In a recent research project on precision medicine, we designed a dialogical forum (i.e. 'the Ethics Laboratory') giving interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial stakeholders an opportunity to discuss their moral conundrums in concert. We organized and carried out four Ethics Laboratories. In this article, we use Simone de Beauvoir's concept of moral ambiguity as a lens to frame the participants' experience with fluid moral boundaries. By framing our approach through this concept we are able to elucidate irremediable moral issues that are collectively underexplored in the practice of precision medicine. Moral ambiguity accentuates an open and free space where different types of perspectives converge and can inform each other. Based on our study, we identified two dilemmas, or thematic interfaces, in the interdisciplinary moral deliberations which unfolded in the Ethics Laboratories: (1) the dilemma between the individual and the collective good; and (2) the dilemma between care and choice. Through our investigation of these dilemmas, we show how Beauvoir's concept of moral ambiquity not only serves as a fertile catalyst for greater moral awareness but, furthermore, how the concept can become an indispensable part of the practices of and the discourse about precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Bresson Ladegaard Knox
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
- University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nordahl Svendsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Many countries currently invest in technologies and data infrastructures to foster precision medicine (PM), which is hoped to better tailor disease treatment and prevention to individual patients. But who can expect to benefit from PM? The answer depends not only on scientific developments but also on the willingness to address the problem of structural injustice. One important step is to confront the problem of underrepresentation of certain populations in PM cohorts via improved research inclusivity. Yet, we argue that the perspective needs to be broadened because the (in)equitable effects of PM are also strongly contingent on wider structural factors and prioritization of healthcare strategies and resources. When (and before) implementing PM, it is crucial to attend to how the organisation of healthcare systems influences who will benefit, as well as whether PM may present challenges for a solidaristic sharing of costs and risks. We discuss these issues through a comparative lens of healthcare models and PM-initiatives in the United States, Austria, and Denmark. The analysis draws attention to how PM hinges on-and simultaneously affects-access to healthcare services, public trust in data handling, and prioritization of healthcare resources. Finally, we provide suggestions for how to mitigate foreseeable negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Green
- Section for History and Philosophy of Science, Department of Science Education, University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Building (NBB), Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copengagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Universitätsstraße 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- School of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Maya Sabatello
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Division of Ethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arbøll TP, Rasmussen SL, de Jonge N, Hansen AH, Pertoldi C, Nielsen JL. Revealing the secrets of a 2900-year-old clay brick, discovering a time capsule of ancient DNA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13092. [PMID: 37608001 PMCID: PMC10444888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of techniques to sequence ancient DNA has provided valuable insights into the civilisations that came before us. However, the full potential of these methods has yet to be realised. We extracted ancient DNA from a recently exposed fracture surface of a clay brick deriving from the palace of king Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BCE) in Nimrud, Iraq. We detected 34 unique taxonomic groups of plants. With this research we have made the pioneering discovery that ancient DNA, effectively protected from contamination inside a mass of clay, can successfully be extracted from a 2900-year-old clay brick. We encourage future research into this subject, as the scientific prospects for this approach are substantial, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of ancient and lost civilisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troels Pank Arbøll
- Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Linacre College, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sophie Lund Rasmussen
- Linacre College, Oxford, UK
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Abingdon, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Haslund Hansen
- Modern History and World Cultures, National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|