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Kurayoshi K, Takase Y, Ueno M, Ohta K, Fuse K, Ikeda S, Watanabe T, Nishida Y, Horike SI, Hosomichi K, Ishikawa Y, Tadokoro Y, Kobayashi M, Kasahara A, Jing Y, Shoulkamy MI, Meguro-Horike M, Kojima K, Kiyoi H, Sugiyama H, Nagase H, Tajima A, Hirao A. Targeting cis-regulatory elements of FOXO family is a novel therapeutic strategy for induction of leukemia cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:642. [PMID: 37773170 PMCID: PMC10541907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML); thus, the development of more versatile methodologies that are applicable to a wide range of AML subtypes is desired. Although the FOXOs transcription factor represents a promising drug target for differentiation therapy, the efficacy of FOXO inhibitors is limited in vivo. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of a common cis-regulatory element of forkhead box O (FOXO) family members successfully induced cell differentiation in various AML cell lines. Through gene expression profiling and differentiation marker-based CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identified TRIB1, a complement of the COP1 ubiquitin ligase complex, as a functional FOXO downstream gene maintaining an undifferentiated status. TRIB1 is direct target of FOXO3 and the FOXO-binding cis-regulatory element in the TRIB1 promoter, referred to as the FOXO-responsive element in the TRIB1 promoter (FRE-T), played a critical role in differentiation blockade. Thus, we designed a DNA-binding pharmacological inhibitor of the FOXO-FRE-T interface using pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) that specifically bind to FRE-T (FRE-PIPs). The FRE-PIPs conjugated to chlorambucil (FRE-chb) inhibited transcription of TRIB1, causing differentiation in various AML cell lines. FRE-chb suppressed the formation of colonies derived from AML cell lines but not from normal counterparts. Administration of FRE-chb inhibited tumor progression in vivo without remarkable adverse effects. In conclusion, targeting cis-regulatory elements of the FOXO family is a promising therapeutic strategy that induces AML cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takase
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohta
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami District, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fuse
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishida
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Division of Integrated Omics Research, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease Kanazawa University, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuko Tadokoro
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasahara
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yongwei Jing
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mahmoud I Shoulkamy
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Makiko Meguro-Horike
- Division of Integrated Omics Research, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease Kanazawa University, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi University, Okocho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomaecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Genetics, WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Su T, Guan Q, Cheng H, Zhu Z, Jiang C, Guo P, Tai Y, Sun H, Wang M, Wei W, Wang Q. Functions of G protein-coupled receptor 56 in health and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13866. [PMID: 35959520 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) is encoded by gene ADGRG1 from chromosome 16q21 and is homologously encoded in mice, at chromosome 8. Both 687 and 693 splice forms are present in humans and mice. GPR56 has a 381 amino acid-long N-terminal extracellular segment and a GPCR proteolysis site upstream from the first transmembrane domain. GPR56 is mainly expressed in the heart, brain, thyroid, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that GPR56 promotes the formation of myelin sheaths and the development of oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex of the central nervous system. Moreover, GPR56 contributes to the development and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, induces adipogenesis, and regulates the function of immune cells. The lack of GPR56 leads to nervous system dysfunction, platelet disorders, and infertility. Abnormal expression of GPR56 is related to the malignant transformation and tumor metastasis of several cancers including melanoma, neuroglioma, and gastrointestinal cancer. Metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases are also associated with dysregulation of GPR56 expression, and GPR56 is involved in the pharmacological resistance to some antidepressant and cancer drug treatments. In this review, the molecular structure, expression profile, and signal transduction of GPR56 are introduced, and physiological and pathological functions of GRP56 are comprehensively summarized. Attributing to its significant biological functions and its long N-terminal extracellular region that interacts with multiple ligands, GPR56 is becoming an attractive therapeutic target in treating neurological and hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Su
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiuyun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huijuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenduo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Paipai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Yano K, Choijookhuu N, Ikenoue M, Fidya, Fukaya T, Sato K, Lee D, Taniguchi N, Chosa E, Nanashima A, Hishikawa Y. Spatiotemporal expression of HMGB2 regulates cell proliferation and hepatocyte size during liver regeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11962. [PMID: 35831365 PMCID: PMC9279446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is an extraordinarily complex process involving a variety of factors; however, the role of chromatin protein in hepatocyte proliferation is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional role of high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), a chromatin protein in liver regeneration using wild-type and HMGB2-knockout (KO) mice. Liver tissues were sampled after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx), and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and flow cytometry using various markers of cell proliferation. In WT mice, hepatocyte proliferation was strongly correlated with the spatiotemporal expression of HMGB2; however, cell proliferation was significantly delayed in hepatocytes of HMGB2-KO mice. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 mRNAs were significantly decreased in HMGB2-KO mice livers. Interestingly, hepatocyte size was significantly larger in HMGB2-KO mice at 36-72 h after PHx, and these results suggest that hepatocyte hypertrophy appeared in parallel with delayed cell proliferation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that cell proliferation was significantly decreased in HMGB2-KO cells. A significant delay in cell proliferation was also found in HMGB2-siRNA transfected cells. In summary, spatiotemporal expression of HMGB2 is important for regulation of hepatocyte proliferation and cell size during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yano
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikenoue
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Fidya
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukaya
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Deokcheol Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889‑1692, Japan
| | - Noboru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8‑35‑1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Etsuo Chosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889‑1692, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nanashima
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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Sasaki S, Zhang D, Iwabuchi S, Tanabe Y, Hashimoto S, Yamauchi A, Hayashi K, Tsuchiya H, Hayakawa Y, Baba T, Mukaida N. Crucial contribution of GPR56/ADGRG1, expressed by breast cancer cells, to bone metastasis formation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4883-4893. [PMID: 34632664 PMCID: PMC8645723 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From a mouse triple-negative breast cancer cell line, 4T1, we previously established 4T1.3 clone with a high capacity to metastasize to bone after its orthotopic injection into mammary fat pad of immunocompetent mice. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that the interaction between cancer cells and fibroblasts in a bone cavity was crucial for bone metastasis focus formation arising from orthotopic injection of 4T1.3 cells. Here, we demonstrated that a member of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor (ADGR) family, G-protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56)/adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor G1 (ADGRG1), was expressed selectively in 4T1.3 grown in a bone cavity but not under in vitro conditions. Moreover, fibroblasts present in bone metastasis sites expressed type III collagen, a ligand for GPR56/ADGRG1. Consistently, GPR56/ADGRG1 proteins were detected in tumor cells in bone metastasis foci of human breast cancer patients. Deletion of GPR56/ADGRG1 from 4T1.3 cells reduced markedly intraosseous tumor formation upon their intraosseous injection. Conversely, intraosseous injection of GPR56/ADGRG1-transduced 4T1, TS/A (mouse breast cancer cell line), or MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cell line) exhibited enhanced intraosseous tumor formation. Furthermore, we proved that the cleavage at the extracellular region was indispensable for GPR56/ADGRG1-induced increase in breast cancer cell growth upon its intraosseous injection. Finally, inducible suppression of Gpr56/Adgrg1 gene expression in 4T1.3 cells attenuated bone metastasis formation with few effects on primary tumor formation in the spontaneous breast cancer bone metastasis model. Altogether, GPR56/ADGRG1 can be a novel target molecule to develop a strategy to prevent and/or treat breast cancer metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- So‐ichiro Sasaki
- Cancer Research InstituteDivision of Molecular BioregulationKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
- Section of Host DefencesInstitute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Di Zhang
- Cancer Research InstituteDivision of Molecular BioregulationKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Institute of Advanced MedicineDepartment of Molecular PathophysiologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Yamato Tanabe
- Cancer Research InstituteDivision of Molecular BioregulationKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Advanced MedicineDepartment of Molecular PathophysiologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research InstituteDepartment of Breast SurgeryOsakaJapan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host DefencesInstitute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Cancer Research InstituteDivision of Molecular BioregulationKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Cancer Research InstituteDivision of Molecular BioregulationKanazawa UniversityIshikawaJapan
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Ng KF, Chen TC, Stacey M, Lin HH. Role of ADGRG1/GPR56 in Tumor Progression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123352. [PMID: 34943858 PMCID: PMC8699533 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication plays a critical role in diverse aspects of tumorigenesis including tumor cell growth/death, adhesion/detachment, migration/invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which constitute the largest group of cell surface receptors are known to play fundamental roles in all these processes. When considering the importance of GPCRs in tumorigenesis, the adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are unique due to their hybrid structural organization of a long extracellular cell-adhesive domain and a seven-transmembrane signaling domain. Indeed, aGPCRs have been increasingly shown to be associated with tumor development by participating in tumor cell interaction and signaling. ADGRG1/GPR56, a representative tumor-associated aGPCR, is recognized as a potential biomarker/prognostic factor of specific cancer types with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions. We summarize herein the latest findings of the role of ADGRG1/GPR56 in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai-Fong Ng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Center for Medical and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Culturing patient-derived malignant hematopoietic stem cells in engineered and fully humanized 3D niches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114227118. [PMID: 34580200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114227118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human malignant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in bone marrow (BM) niches, which remain challenging to explore due to limited in vivo accessibility and constraints with humanized animal models. Several in vitro systems have been established to culture patient-derived HSPCs in specific microenvironments, but they do not fully recapitulate the complex features of native bone marrow. Our group previously reported that human osteoblastic BM niches (O-N), engineered by culturing mesenchymal stromal cells within three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds under perfusion flow in a bioreactor system, are capable of maintaining, expanding, and functionally regulating healthy human cord blood-derived HSPCs. Here, we first demonstrate that this 3D O-N can sustain malignant CD34+ cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasm patients for up to 3 wk. Human malignant cells distributed in the bioreactor system mimicking the spatial distribution found in native BM tissue, where most HSPCs remain linked to the niches and mature cells are released to the circulation. Using human adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction cells, we then generated a stromal-vascular niche and demonstrated that O-N and stromal-vascular niche differentially regulate leukemic UCSD-AML1 cell expansion, immunophenotype, and response to chemotherapy. The developed system offers a unique platform to investigate human leukemogenesis and response to drugs in customized environments, mimicking defined features of native hematopoietic niches and compatible with the establishment of personalized settings.
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Nagase H, Watanabe T, Koshikawa N, Yamamoto S, Takenaga K, Lin J. Mitochondria: Endosymbiont bacteria DNA sequence as a target against cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4834-4843. [PMID: 34533888 PMCID: PMC8645765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the energy factory for the cell, the mitochondrion, through its role of adenosine triphosphate production by oxidative phosphorylation, can be regarded as the guardian of well regulated cellular metabolism; the integrity of mitochondrial functions, however, is particularly vulnerable in cancer due to the lack of superstructures such as histone and lamina folds to protect the mitochondrial genome from unintended exposure, which consequently elevates risks of mutation. In cancer, mechanisms responsible for enforcing quality control surveillance for identifying and eliminating defective mitochondria are often poorly regulated, and certain uneliminated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and polymorphisms can be advantageous for the proliferation, progression, and metastasis of tumor cells. Such pathogenic mtDNA aberrations are likely to increase and occasionally be homoplasmic in cancer cells and, intriguingly, in normal cells in the proximity of tumor microenvironments as well. Distinct characteristics of these abnormalities in mtDNA may provide a new path for cancer therapy. Here we discuss a promising novel therapeutic strategy, using the sequence‐specific properties of pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide‐triphenylphosphonium conjugates, against cancer for clearing abnormal mtDNA by reactivating mitochondrial quality control surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagase
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seigi Yamamoto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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The role of GPR56/ADGRG1 in health and disease. Biomed J 2021; 44:534-547. [PMID: 34654683 PMCID: PMC8640549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a versatile adhesion G protein-coupled receptor important in the physiological functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, reproductive system, muscle hypertrophy, immune regulation, and hematopoietic stem cell generation. By contrast, aberrant expression or deregulated functions of GPR56 have been implicated in diverse pathological processes, including bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria, depression, and tumorigenesis. In this review article, we summarize and discuss the current understandings of the role of GPR56 in health and disease.
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EVI1 dysregulation: impact on biology and therapy of myeloid malignancies. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:64. [PMID: 33753715 PMCID: PMC7985498 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Evi1) was discovered in 1988 as a common site of ecotropic viral integration resulting in myeloid malignancies in mice. EVI1 is an oncogenic zinc-finger transcription factor whose overexpression contributes to disease progression and an aggressive phenotype, correlating with poor clinical outcome in myeloid malignancies. Despite progress in understanding the biology of EVI1 dysregulation, significant improvements in therapeutic outcome remain elusive. Here, we highlight advances in understanding EVI1 biology and discuss how this new knowledge informs development of novel therapeutic interventions. EVI1 is overexpression is correlated with poor outcome in some epithelial cancers. However, the focus of this review is the genetic lesions, biology, and current therapeutics of myeloid malignancies overexpressing EVI1.
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Arnone M, Konantz M, Hanns P, Paczulla Stanger AM, Bertels S, Godavarthy PS, Christopeit M, Lengerke C. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: The Challenges of Phenotypic Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3742. [PMID: 33322769 PMCID: PMC7764578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Next to variabilities in patient-specific parameters influencing treatment decisions and outcome, this is due to differences in AML biology. In fact, different genetic drivers may transform variable cells of origin and co-exist with additional genetic lesions (e.g., as observed in clonal hematopoiesis) in a variety of leukemic (sub)clones. Moreover, AML cells are hierarchically organized and contain subpopulations of more immature cells called leukemic stem cells (LSC), which on the cellular level constitute the driver of the disease and may evolve during therapy. This genetic and hierarchical complexity results in a pronounced phenotypic variability, which is observed among AML cells of different patients as well as among the leukemic blasts of individual patients, at diagnosis and during the course of the disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on the heterogeneous landscape of AML surface markers with particular focus on those identifying LSC, and discuss why identification and targeting of this important cellular subpopulation in AML remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Arnone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Pauline Hanns
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Anna M. Paczulla Stanger
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Sarah Bertels
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Parimala Sonika Godavarthy
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Maximilian Christopeit
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
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11
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Villatoro A, Konieczny J, Cuminetti V, Arranz L. Leukemia Stem Cell Release From the Stem Cell Niche to Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607. [PMID: 32754595 PMCID: PMC7367216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, complex, and deadly disease, whose treatment has hardly evolved for decades and grounds on the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy helps reduce AML bulk, but promotes relapse in the long-run by selection of chemoresistant leukemia stem cells (LSC). These may diversify and result in progression to more aggressive forms of AML. In vivo models suggest that the bone marrow stem cell niche helps LSC stay dormant and protected from chemotherapy. Here, we summarize relevant changes in stem cell niche homing and adhesion of AML LSC vs. healthy hematopoietic stem cells, and provide an overview of clinical trials aiming at targeting these processes for AML treatment and future directions within this field. Promising results with various non-mutation-targeted novel therapies directed to LSC eradication via interference with their anchoring to the stem cell niche have encouraged on-going or future advanced phase III clinical trials. In the coming years, we may see a shift in the focus of AML treatment to LSC-directed therapies if the prospect of improved cure rates holds true. In the future, AML treatment should lean toward personalized therapies using combinations of these compounds plus mutation-targeted agents and/or targeted delivery of chemotherapy, aiming at LSC eradication with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Villatoro
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joanna Konieczny
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vincent Cuminetti
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Sitges M, Boluda B, Garrido A, Morgades M, Granada I, Barragan E, Arnan M, Serrano J, Tormo M, Miguel Bergua J, Colorado M, Salamero O, Esteve J, Benavente C, Pérez-Encinas M, Coll R, Martí-Tutusaus JM, Brunet S, Sierra J, Ángel Sanz M, Montesinos P, Ribera JM, Vives S. Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2): Study of 61 patients treated with intensive protocols. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:138-147. [PMID: 32243655 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inv(3)(q21.3q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) is a rare poor prognosis cytogenetic abnormality present in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other myeloid neoplasms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a cohort of 61 patients with newly diagnosed AML with inv(3)/t(3;3) treated with homogeneous intensive chemotherapy protocols conducted by the Spanish PETHEMA and CETLAM cooperative groups between 1999 and 2017. METHODS In this retrospective study the main clinical and biologic parameters were collected. The complete response (CR) rate, the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and the overall survival (OS) were calculated. An analysis of prognostic factors for survival was performed. RESULTS Sixty-one patients received induction and only 18 (29%) achieved CR (median age, 46 years). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) was performed in 36 patients (59%), 15 with active disease. One- and 4-year CIR were 52% and 56%. One- and 4-year OS probabilities were 41% and 13%. By multivariate analysis monosomal karyotype (MK) was associated with poorer OS (HR 2.0, P = .017). CONCLUSION Inv(3)/t(3;3) AML is a poor prognosis entity with low response to standard chemotherapy and to alloHSCT because of frequent and early relapse. MK was associated with a poorer prognosis. Improved therapeutic strategies are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sitges
- Hematology Departments of ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,ICO-Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Blanca Boluda
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Garrido
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Morgades
- Hematology Departments of ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Granada
- Hematology Departments of ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Barragan
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arnan
- ICO-Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Mar Tormo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Olga Salamero
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Coll
- ICO-Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Salut Brunet
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pau Montesinos
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- Hematology Departments of ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Susana Vives
- Hematology Departments of ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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13
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Mitchell K, Steidl U. Targeting Immunophenotypic Markers on Leukemic Stem Cells: How Lessons from Current Approaches and Advances in the Leukemia Stem Cell (LSC) Model Can Inform Better Strategies for Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036251. [PMID: 31451539 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapies targeting cell-surface antigens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been tested over the past 20 years with limited improvement in overall survival. Recent advances in the understanding of AML pathogenesis support therapeutic targeting of leukemia stem cells as the most promising avenue toward a cure. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolving leukemia stem cell (LSC) model, including evidence of the cell of origin, cellular and molecular disease architecture, and source of relapse in AML. In addition, we explore limitations of current targeted strategies utilized in AML and describe the various immunophenotypic antigens that have been proposed as LSC-directed therapeutic targets. We draw lessons from current approaches as well as from the (pre)-LSC model to suggest criteria that immunophenotypic targets should meet for more specific and effective elimination of disease-initiating clones, highlighting in detail a few targets that we suggest fit these criteria most completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Division of Hemato-Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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14
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Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: opportunities for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:869-884. [PMID: 31462748 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) - one of the five main families in the GPCR superfamily - have several atypical characteristics, including large, multi-domain N termini and a highly conserved region that can be autoproteolytically cleaved. Although GPCRs overall have well-established pharmacological tractability, currently no therapies that target any of the 33 members of the aGPCR family are either approved or in clinical trials. However, human genetics and preclinical research have strengthened the links between aGPCRs and disease in recent years. This, together with a greater understanding of their functional complexity, has led to growing interest in aGPCRs as drug targets. A framework for prioritizing aGPCR targets and supporting approaches to develop aGPCR modulators could therefore be valuable in harnessing the untapped therapeutic potential of this family. With this in mind, here we discuss the unique opportunities and challenges for drug discovery in modulating aGPCR functions, including target identification, target validation, assay development and safety considerations, using ADGRG1 as an illustrative example.
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