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Hertz E, Perez G, Hao Y, Rytel K, Ma C, Kirby M, Anderson S, Wincovitch S, Andersh K, Ahfeldt T, Blanchard J, Qi YA, Lopez G, Tayebi N, Sidransky E, Chen Y. Comparative study of enriched dopaminergic neurons from siblings with Gaucher disease discordant for parkinsonism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581985. [PMID: 38529501 PMCID: PMC10962709 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patient samples have significantly enhanced our ability to model neurological diseases. Comparative studies of dopaminergic (DA) neurons differentiated from iPSCs derived from siblings with Gaucher disease discordant for parkinsonism provides a valuable avenue to explore genetic modifiers contributing to GBA1 -associated parkinsonism in disease-relevant cells. However, such studies are often complicated by the inherent heterogeneity in differentiation efficiency among iPSC lines derived from different individuals. To address this technical challenge, we devised a selection strategy to enrich dopaminergic (DA) neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A neomycin resistance gene (neo) was inserted at the C-terminus of the TH gene following a T2A self-cleavage peptide, placing its expression under the control of the TH promoter. This allows for TH+ DA neuron enrichment through geneticin selection. This method enabled us to generate comparable, high-purity DA neuron cultures from iPSC lines derived from three sisters that we followed for over a decade: one sibling is a healthy individual, and the other two have Gaucher disease (GD) with GBA1 genotype N370S/c.203delC+R257X (p.N409S/c.203delC+p.R296X). Notably, the younger sister with GD later developed Parkinson disease (PD). A comprehensive analysis of these high-purity DA neurons revealed that although GD DA neurons exhibited decreased levels of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), there was no substantial difference in GCase protein levels or lipid substrate accumulation between DA neurons from the GD and GD/PD sisters, suggesting that the PD discordance is related to of other genetic modifiers.
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Cardo LF, Monzón-Sandoval J, Li Z, Webber C, Li M. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and In Vitro Lineage Tracing Reveals Differential Susceptibility of Human iPSC-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2860. [PMID: 38132179 PMCID: PMC10741976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell technologies open up new avenues for modelling development and diseases. The success of these pursuits, however, relies on the use of cells most relevant to those targeted by the disease of interest, for example, midbrain dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we report the generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line capable of purifying and tracing nascent midbrain dopaminergic progenitors and their differentiated progeny via the expression of a Blue Fluorescent Protein (BFP). This was achieved by CRISPR/Cas9-assisted knock-in of BFP and Cre into the safe harbour locus AAVS1 and an early midbrain dopaminergic lineage marker gene LMX1A, respectively. Immunocytochemical analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing of iPSC-derived neural cultures confirm developmental recapitulation of the human fetal midbrain and high-quality midbrain cells. By modelling Parkinson's disease-related drug toxicity using 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), we showed a preferential reduction of BFP+ cells, a finding demonstrated independently by cell death assays and single-cell transcriptomic analysis of MPP+ treated neural cultures. Together, these results highlight the importance of disease-relevant cell types in stem cell modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia F. Cardo
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jimena Monzón-Sandoval
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zongze Li
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (L.F.C.); (J.M.-S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Escribá R, Larrañaga-Moreira JM, Richaud-Patin Y, Pourchet L, Lazis I, Jiménez-Delgado S, Morillas-García A, Ortiz-Genga M, Ochoa JP, Carreras D, Pérez GJ, de la Pompa JL, Brugada R, Monserrat L, Barriales-Villa R, Raya A. iPSC-Based Modeling of Variable Clinical Presentation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2023; 133:108-119. [PMID: 37317833 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease and a frequent cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Our understanding of the genetic bases and pathogenic mechanisms underlying HCM has improved significantly in the recent past, but the combined effect of various pathogenic gene variants and the influence of genetic modifiers in disease manifestation are very poorly understood. Here, we set out to investigate genotype-phenotype relationships in 2 siblings with an extensive family history of HCM, both carrying a pathogenic truncating variant in the MYBPC3 gene (p.Lys600Asnfs*2), but who exhibited highly divergent clinical manifestations. METHODS We used a combination of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modeling and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9)-mediated genome editing to generate patient-specific cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and isogenic controls lacking the pathogenic MYBPC3 variant. RESULTS Mutant iPSC-CMs developed impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, which was dependent on the presence of the mutation. Moreover, we could detect altered excitation-contraction coupling in iPSC-CMs from the severely affected individual. The pathogenic MYBPC3 variant was found to be necessary, but not sufficient, to induce iPSC-CM hyperexcitability, suggesting the presence of additional genetic modifiers. Whole-exome sequencing of the mutant carriers identified a variant of unknown significance in the MYH7 gene (p.Ile1927Phe) uniquely present in the individual with severe HCM. We finally assessed the pathogenicity of this variant of unknown significance by functionally evaluating iPSC-CMs after editing the variant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the p.Ile1927Phe variant of unknown significance in MYH7 can be considered as a modifier of HCM expressivity when found in combination with truncating variants in MYBPC3. Overall, our studies show that iPSC-based modeling of clinically discordant subjects provides a unique platform to functionally assess the effect of genetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Escribá
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., A.R.)
| | - José M Larrañaga-Moreira
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) (J.M.L.-M., R.B.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (J.M.L.-M., M.O.-G., J.P.O., R.B.-V.)
| | - Yvonne Richaud-Patin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., A.R.)
| | - Léa Pourchet
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., A.R.)
| | - Ioannis Lazis
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
| | - Senda Jiménez-Delgado
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
| | - Alba Morillas-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
| | - Martín Ortiz-Genga
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (J.M.L.-M., M.O.-G., J.P.O., R.B.-V.)
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (J.M.L.-M., M.O.-G., J.P.O., R.B.-V.)
- Health in Code S.L., Scientific Department, A Coruña, Spain (J.P.O., L.M.)
| | - David Carreras
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, Spain (D.C., G.J.P., R.B.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, Spain (D.C., G.J.P., R.B.)
| | - Guillermo Javier Pérez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, Spain (D.C., G.J.P., R.B.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, Spain (D.C., G.J.P., R.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (G.J.P., J.L.d.l.P., R.B., R.B.-V.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (G.J.P., J.L.d.l.P., R.B., R.B.-V.)
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Ramón Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, Spain (D.C., G.J.P., R.B.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, Spain (D.C., G.J.P., R.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (G.J.P., J.L.d.l.P., R.B., R.B.-V.)
- Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Monserrat
- Health in Code S.L., Scientific Department, A Coruña, Spain (J.P.O., L.M.)
| | - Roberto Barriales-Villa
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) (J.M.L.-M., R.B.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (J.M.L.-M., M.O.-G., J.P.O., R.B.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (G.J.P., J.L.d.l.P., R.B., R.B.-V.)
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., I.L., S.J.-D., A.M.-G., A.R.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain (R.E., Y.R.-P., L.P., A.R.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (A.R.)
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Neuronal Cultures: Exploring Biophysics, Complex Systems, and Medicine in a Dish. BIOPHYSICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cultures are one of the most important experimental models in modern interdisciplinary neuroscience, allowing to investigate in a control environment the emergence of complex behavior from an ensemble of interconnected neurons. Here, I review the research that we have conducted at the neurophysics laboratory at the University of Barcelona over the last 15 years, describing first the neuronal cultures that we prepare and the associated tools to acquire and analyze data, to next delve into the different research projects in which we actively participated to progress in the understanding of open questions, extend neuroscience research on new paradigms, and advance the treatment of neurological disorders. I finish the review by discussing the drawbacks and limitations of neuronal cultures, particularly in the context of brain-like models and biomedicine.
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Siguero-Álvarez M, Salguero-Jiménez A, Grego-Bessa J, de la Barrera J, MacGrogan D, Prados B, Sánchez-Sáez F, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Felipe-Medina N, Torroja C, Gómez MJ, Sabater-Molina M, Escribá R, Richaud-Patin I, Iglesias-García O, Sbroggio M, Callejas S, O'Regan DP, McGurk KA, Dopazo A, Giovinazzo G, Ibañez B, Monserrat L, Pérez-Pomares JM, Sánchez-Cabo F, Pendas AM, Raya A, Gimeno-Blanes JR, de la Pompa JL. A Human Hereditary Cardiomyopathy Shares a Genetic Substrate With Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Circulation 2023; 147:47-65. [PMID: 36325906 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex genetics underlying human cardiac disease is evidenced by its heterogenous manifestation, multigenic basis, and sporadic occurrence. These features have hampered disease modeling and mechanistic understanding. Here, we show that 2 structural cardiac diseases, left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and bicuspid aortic valve, can be caused by a set of inherited heterozygous gene mutations affecting the NOTCH ligand regulator MIB1 (MINDBOMB1) and cosegregating genes. METHODS We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to generate mice harboring a nonsense or a missense MIB1 mutation that are both found in LVNC families. We also generated mice separately carrying these MIB1 mutations plus 5 additional cosegregating variants in the ASXL3, APCDD1, TMX3, CEP192, and BCL7A genes identified in these LVNC families by whole exome sequencing. Histological, developmental, and functional analyses of these mouse models were carried out by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, together with gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing of both selected engineered mouse models and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Potential biochemical interactions were assayed in vitro by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot. RESULTS Mice homozygous for the MIB1 nonsense mutation did not survive, and the mutation caused LVNC only in heteroallelic combination with a conditional allele inactivated in the myocardium. The heterozygous MIB1 missense allele leads to bicuspid aortic valve in a NOTCH-sensitized genetic background. These data suggest that development of LVNC is influenced by genetic modifiers present in affected families, whereas valve defects are highly sensitive to NOTCH haploinsufficiency. Whole exome sequencing of LVNC families revealed single-nucleotide gene variants of ASXL3, APCDD1, TMX3, CEP192, and BCL7A cosegregating with the MIB1 mutations and LVNC. In experiments with mice harboring the orthologous variants on the corresponding Mib1 backgrounds, triple heterozygous Mib1 Apcdd1 Asxl3 mice showed LVNC, whereas quadruple heterozygous Mib1 Cep192 Tmx3;Bcl7a mice developed bicuspid aortic valve and other valve-associated defects. Biochemical analysis suggested interactions between CEP192, BCL7A, and NOTCH. Gene expression profiling of mutant mouse hearts and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes revealed increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and defective morphological and metabolic maturation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a shared genetic substrate underlying LVNC and bicuspid aortic valve in which MIB1-NOTCH variants plays a crucial role in heterozygous combination with cosegregating genetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Institut for Cellulær og Molekylær Medicin, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.S.)
| | - Alejandro Salguero-Jiménez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Jorge de la Barrera
- Bioinformatics Unit (J.d.l.B., C.T., M.J.G., F.S.-C.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Belén Prados
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit (B.P., G.G.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Sáez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer Universidad de Salamanca, Spain (F.S.-S., N.F.-M., A.M.P.)
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer Universidad de Salamanca, Spain (F.S.-S., N.F.-M., A.M.P.)
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Bioinformatics Unit (J.d.l.B., C.T., M.J.G., F.S.-C.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Genomics Unit (S.C., A.D.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Cardiogenética, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, European Reference Networks and Unidad de Referencia-European Reference Networks Guard Heart de Cardiopatias Familiares, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca-Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, Spain (M.S.-M., J.R.G.-B.)
| | - María Sabater-Molina
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Rubén Escribá
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
| | - Ivonne Richaud-Patin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (O.I.-G.)
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Sergio Callejas
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Genomics Unit (S.C., A.D.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (D.P.O.' K.A.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A McGurk
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (D.P.O.' K.A.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute (K.A.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Genomics Unit (S.C., A.D.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit (B.P., G.G.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Translational Laboratory (B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain (B.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Monserrat
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña and Departamento Científico, Health in Code S.L., A Coruña, Spain (L.M.)
| | - José María Pérez-Pomares
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga and Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain (J.M.P.-P.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit (J.d.l.B., C.T., M.J.G., F.S.-C.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto M Pendas
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer Universidad de Salamanca, Spain (F.S.-S., N.F.-M., A.M.P.)
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
| | - Juan R Gimeno-Blanes
- Laboratorio de Cardiogenética, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, European Reference Networks and Unidad de Referencia-European Reference Networks Guard Heart de Cardiopatias Familiares, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca-Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, Spain (M.S.-M., J.R.G.-B.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
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6
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Park G, Shin M, Lee W, Hotta A, Kobayashi T, Kosodo Y. Direct visualization of the transition status during neural differentiation by dual-fluorescent reporter human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1903-1913. [PMID: 35931075 PMCID: PMC9481873 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate into neurons and glia via neural progenitor cells and are widely used for neurogenic studies. However, directly visualizing the transition status during the neural differentiation of live cells is difficult. Here, targeting NEUROG2 (NGN2) and TUBB3 as markers of neurogenic cells and neurons, respectively, we established TUBB3EGFP/NGN2TagRFP dual-reporter hiPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We induced the differentiation of cortical neurons from dual-reporter hiPSCs, successfully visualizing cell-fate conversion in two-dimensional (2D) culture and 3D organoids. The reporter cells were used to monitor drug effects to enhance neural induction, responses to gene knockdown, transplantation to the embryonic mouse brain, and live imaging at single-cell resolution. Notably, the earliest REELIN-positive neurons showed a distinctive migration pattern, and their production was accelerated by HES1-function loss. Together, these results demonstrate the potential for dual-reporter hiPSCs in therapeutic neural regeneration strategies and studies on human cortical development. Two-color fluorescent reporter hiPSC lines are established by genome editing Neural differentiation is characterized by 2D and 3D culture methods The dual-reporter line is applied to evaluate drug and gene functions HES1 knockdown accelerates the production of the earliest REELIN-positive neurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanghyun Park
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taeko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kosodo
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Fanizza F, Campanile M, Forloni G, Giordano C, Albani D. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based organ-on-a-chip as personalized drug screening tools: A focus on neurodegenerative disorders. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221095339. [PMID: 35570845 PMCID: PMC9092580 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221095339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) technology shows great potential to revolutionize the
drugs development pipeline by mimicking the physiological environment and
functions of human organs. The translational value of OoC is further enhanced
when combined with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to
develop more realistic disease models, paving the way for the development of a
new generation of patient-on-a-chip devices. iPSCs differentiation capacity
leads to invaluable improvements in personalized medicine. Moreover, the
connection of single-OoC into multi-OoC or body-on-a-chip allows to investigate
drug pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics through the study of multi-organs
cross-talks. The need of a breakthrough thanks to this technology is
particularly relevant within the field of neurodegenerative diseases, where the
number of patients is increasing and the successful rate in drug discovery is
worryingly low. In this review we discuss current iPSC-based OoC as drug
screening models and their implication in development of new therapies for
neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanizza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Campanile
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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8
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Rakovic A, Voß D, Vulinovic F, Meier B, Hellberg AK, Nau C, Klein C, Leipold E. Electrophysiological Properties of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Correlate With Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:817198. [PMID: 35401116 PMCID: PMC8983830 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.817198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based generation of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) dopaminergic neurons (DNs) is a powerful method for creating patient-specific in vitro models to elucidate mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease (PD) at the cellular and molecular level and to perform drug screening. However, currently available differentiation paradigms result in highly heterogeneous cell populations, often yielding a disappointing fraction (<50%) of the PD-relevant TH+ DNs. To facilitate the targeted analysis of this cell population and to characterize their electrophysiological properties, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology and generated an mCherry-based human TH reporter iPSC line. Subsequently, reporter iPSCs were subjected to dopaminergic differentiation using either a “floor plate protocol” generating DNs directly from iPSCs or an alternative method involving iPSC-derived neuronal precursors (NPC-derived DNs). To identify the strategy with the highest conversion efficiency to mature neurons, both cultures were examined for a period of 8 weeks after triggering neuronal differentiation by means of immunochemistry and single-cell electrophysiology. We confirmed that mCherry expression correlated with the expression of endogenous TH and that genetic editing did neither affect the differentiation process nor the endogenous TH expression in iPSC- and NPC-derived DNs. Although both cultures yielded identical proportions of TH+ cells (≈30%), whole-cell patch-clamp experiments revealed that iPSC-derived DNs gave rise to larger currents mediated by voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, showed a higher degree of synaptic activity, and fired trains of mature spontaneous action potentials more frequently compared to NPC-derived DNs already after 2 weeks in differentiation. Moreover, spontaneous action potential firing was more frequently detected in TH+ neurons compared to the TH– cells, providing direct evidence that these two neuronal subpopulations exhibit different intrinsic electrophysiological properties. In summary, the data reveal substantial differences in the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-derived TH+ and TH– neuronal cell populations and that the “floor plate protocol” is particularly efficient in generating electrophysiologically mature TH+ DNs, which are the most vulnerable neuronal subtype in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothea Voß
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franca Vulinovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Meier
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Hellberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carla Nau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enrico Leipold
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Enrico Leipold,
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9
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Current Status and Challenges of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Models in Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030442. [PMID: 35159250 PMCID: PMC8834601 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is in high need of efficient and relevant in vitro liver models, which can be incorporated in their drug discovery pipelines to identify potential drugs and their toxicity profiles. Current liver models often rely on cancer cell lines or primary cells, which both have major limitations. However, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has created a new opportunity for liver disease modeling, drug discovery and liver toxicity research. hiPSCs can be differentiated to any cell of interest, which makes them good candidates for disease modeling and drug discovery. Moreover, hiPSCs, unlike primary cells, can be easily genome-edited, allowing the creation of reporter lines or isogenic controls for patient-derived hiPSCs. Unfortunately, even though liver progeny from hiPSCs has characteristics similar to their in vivo counterparts, the differentiation of iPSCs to fully mature progeny remains highly challenging and is a major obstacle for the full exploitation of these models by pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we discuss current liver-cell differentiation protocols and in vitro iPSC-based liver models that could be used for disease modeling and drug discovery. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges that still need to be overcome to allow for the successful implementation of these models into pharmaceutical drug discovery platforms.
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10
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Brandão-Teles C, Zuccoli GS, Smith BJ, Vieira GM, Crunfli F. Modeling Schizophrenia In Vitro: Challenges and Insights on Studying Brain Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1400:35-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97182-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Fernandes HJR, Patikas N, Foskolou S, Field SF, Park JE, Byrne ML, Bassett AR, Metzakopian E. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Parkinson's Disease Human In Vitro Models Reveals Dopamine Neuron-Specific Stress Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108263. [PMID: 33053338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons has revolutionized Parkinson's disease (PD) research, but single-cell transcriptomic analysis suggests unresolved cellular heterogeneity within these models. Here, we perform the largest single-cell transcriptomic study of human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons to elucidate gene expression dynamics in response to cytotoxic and genetic stressors. We identify multiple neuronal subtypes with transcriptionally distinct profiles and differential sensitivity to stress, highlighting cellular heterogeneity in dopamine in vitro models. We validate this disease model by showing robust expression of PD GWAS genes and overlap with postmortem adult substantia nigra neurons. Importantly, stress signatures are ameliorated using felodipine, an FDA-approved drug. Using isogenic SNCA-A53T mutants, we find perturbations in glycolysis, cholesterol metabolism, synaptic signaling, and ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Overall, our study reveals cell type-specific perturbations in human dopamine neurons, which will further our understanding of PD and have implications for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J R Fernandes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK; Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK; Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah F Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Meg L Byrne
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew R Bassett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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12
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Novel Approaches Used to Examine and Control Neurogenesis in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179608. [PMID: 34502516 PMCID: PMC8431772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a key mechanism of brain development and plasticity, which is impaired in chronic neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s disease. The accumulation of aberrant α-synuclein is one of the features of PD. Being secreted, this protein produces a prominent neurotoxic effect, alters synaptic plasticity, deregulates intercellular communication, and supports the development of neuroinflammation, thereby providing propagation of pathological events leading to the establishment of a PD-specific phenotype. Multidirectional and ambiguous effects of α-synuclein on adult neurogenesis suggest that impaired neurogenesis should be considered as a target for the prevention of cell loss and restoration of neurological functions. Thus, stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis or cell-replacement therapy with stem cell-derived differentiated neurons raises new hopes for the development of effective and safe technologies for treating PD neurodegeneration. Given the rapid development of optogenetics, it is not surprising that this method has already been repeatedly tested in manipulating neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro via targeting stem or progenitor cells. However, niche astrocytes could also serve as promising candidates for controlling neuronal differentiation and improving the functional integration of newly formed neurons within the brain tissue. In this review, we mainly focus on current approaches to assess neurogenesis and prospects in the application of optogenetic protocols to restore the neurogenesis in Parkinson’s disease.
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13
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Abashkin DA, Kurishev AO, Karpov DS, Golimbet VE. Cellular Models in Schizophrenia Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168518. [PMID: 34445221 PMCID: PMC8395162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a prevalent functional psychosis characterized by clinical behavioural symptoms and underlying abnormalities in brain function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have revealed many loci that do not directly identify processes disturbed in the disease. For this reason, the development of cellular models containing SZ-associated variations has become a focus in the post-GWAS research era. The application of revolutionary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, along with recently developed technologies for cultivating brain organoids in vitro, have opened new perspectives for the construction of these models. In general, cellular models are intended to unravel particular biological phenomena. They can provide the missing link between schizophrenia-related phenotypic features (such as transcriptional dysregulation, oxidative stress and synaptic dysregulation) and data from pathomorphological, electrophysiological and behavioural studies. The objectives of this review are the systematization and classification of cellular models of schizophrenia, based on their complexity and validity for understanding schizophrenia-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A. Abashkin
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Artemii O. Kurishev
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Parkinson's disease patient-specific neuronal networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation unveil early functional alterations that predate neurodegeneration. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 34215735 PMCID: PMC8253775 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of early disease mechanisms occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is needed to reveal restorative targets. Here we report that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic neurons (DAn) obtained from healthy individuals or patients harboring LRRK2 PD-causing mutation can create highly complex networks with evident signs of functional maturation over time. Compared to control neuronal networks, LRRK2 PD patients’ networks displayed an elevated bursting behavior, in the absence of neurodegeneration. By combining functional calcium imaging, biophysical modeling, and DAn-lineage tracing, we found a decrease in DAn neurite density that triggered overall functional alterations in PD neuronal networks. Our data implicate early dysfunction as a prime focus that may contribute to the initiation of downstream degenerative pathways preceding DAn loss in PD, highlighting a potential window of opportunity for pre-symptomatic assessment of chronic degenerative diseases.
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15
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Current State-of-the-Art and Unresolved Problems in Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopamine Neurons for Parkinson's Disease Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073381. [PMID: 33806103 PMCID: PMC8037675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the potential to give rise to a new era in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. As a unique source of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, iPS cells provide unparalleled capabilities for investigating the pathogenesis of PD, the development of novel anti-parkinsonian drugs, and personalized therapy design. Significant progress in developmental biology of midbrain DA neurons laid the foundation for their efficient derivation from iPS cells. The introduction of 3D culture methods to mimic the brain microenvironment further expanded the vast opportunities of iPS cell-based research of the neurodegenerative diseases. However, while the benefits for basic and applied studies provided by iPS cells receive widespread coverage in the current literature, the drawbacks of this model in its current state, and in particular, the aspects of differentiation protocols requiring further refinement are commonly overlooked. This review summarizes the recent data on general and subtype-specific features of midbrain DA neurons and their development. Here, we review the current protocols for derivation of DA neurons from human iPS cells and outline their general weak spots. The associated gaps in the contemporary knowledge are considered and the possible directions for future research that may assist in improving the differentiation conditions and increase the efficiency of using iPS cell-derived neurons for PD drug development are discussed.
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16
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Yokota M, Kakuta S, Shiga T, Ishikawa KI, Okano H, Hattori N, Akamatsu W, Koike M. Establishment of an in vitro model for analyzing mitochondrial ultrastructure in PRKN-mutated patient iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:58. [PMID: 33757554 PMCID: PMC7986497 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial structural changes are associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. PRKN is known to be involved with various mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial structural changes. Parkinson's disease (PD) with PRKN mutations is characterized by the preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which has been suggested to result from the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. However, ultrastructural changes of mitochondria specifically in dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSC have rarely been analyzed. The main reason for this would be that the dopaminergic neurons cannot be distinguished directly among a mixture of iPSC-derived differentiated cells under electron microscopy. To selectively label dopaminergic neurons and analyze mitochondrial morphology at the ultrastructural level, we generated control and PRKN-mutated patient tyrosine hydroxylase reporter (TH-GFP) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Correlative light-electron microscopy analysis and live cell imaging of GFP-expressing dopaminergic neurons indicated that iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons had smaller and less functional mitochondria than those in non-dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the formation of spheroid-shaped mitochondria, which was induced in control dopaminergic neurons by a mitochondrial uncoupler, was inhibited in the PRKN-mutated dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that our established TH-GFP iPSC lines are useful for characterizing mitochondrial morphology, such as spheroid-shaped mitochondria, in dopaminergic neurons among a mixture of various cell types. Our in vitro model would provide insights into the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and the processes leading to the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in patients with PRKN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ishikawa
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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17
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Pons-Espinal M, Blasco-Agell L, Consiglio A. Dissecting the non-neuronal cell contribution to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis using induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2081-2094. [PMID: 33210214 PMCID: PMC7966189 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable age-linked neurodegenerative disease with characteristic movement impairments that are caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-containing neurons (DAn) within the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been suggested that misfolded protein aggregates together with neuroinflammation and glial reactivity, may impact nerve cell function, leading to neurodegeneration and diseases, such as PD. However, not many studies have been able to examine the role of human glial cells in the pathogenesis of PD. With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, it is now possible to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotency and to generate viable human patient-specific DA neurons and glial cells, providing a tremendous opportunity for dissecting cellular and molecular pathological mechanisms occurring at early stages of PD. This reviews will report on recent work using human iPSC and 3D brain organoid models showing that iPSC technology can be used to recapitulate PD-relevant disease-associated phenotypes, including protein aggregation, cell death or loss of neurite complexity and deficient autophagic vacuoles clearance and focus on the recent co-culture systems that are revealing new insights into the complex interactions that occur between different brain cell types during neurodegeneration. Consequently, such advances are the key to improve our understanding of PD pathology and generate potential targets for new therapies aimed at curing PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucas Blasco-Agell
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121, Brescia, BS, Italy.
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Gopurappilly R. Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons as In Vitro Models for Studying Autosomal Recessive Parkinson's Disease (ARPD): PLA2G6 and Other Gene Loci. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:115-133. [PMID: 33990932 PMCID: PMC7612166 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative motor disorder which is largely sporadic; however, some familial forms have been identified. Genetic PD can be inherited by autosomal, dominant or recessive mutations. While the dominant mutations mirror the prototype of PD with adult-onset and L-dopa-responsive cases, autosomal recessive PD (ARPD) exhibit atypical phenotypes with additional clinical manifestations. Young-onset PD is also very common with mutations in recessive gene loci. The main genes associated with ARPD are Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, ATP13A2, FBXO7 and PLA2G6. Calcium dyshomeostasis is a mainstay in all types of PD, be it genetic or sporadic. Intriguingly, calcium imbalances manifesting as altered Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is suggested in PLA2G6-linked PARK 14 PD. The common pathways underlying ARPD pathology, including mitochondrial abnormalities and autophagic dysfunction, can be investigated ex vivo using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and are discussed here. PD pathophysiology is not faithfully replicated by animal models, and, therefore, nigral dopaminergic neurons generated from iPSC serve as improved human cellular models. With no cure to date and treatments aiming at symptomatic relief, these in vitro models derived through midbrain floor-plate induction provide a platform to understand the molecular and biochemical pathways underlying PD etiology in a patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Gopurappilly
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India.
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Filice F, Schwaller B, Michel TM, Grünblatt E. Profiling parvalbumin interneurons using iPSC: challenges and perspectives for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Mol Autism 2020; 11:10. [PMID: 32000856 PMCID: PMC6990584 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-0314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are persistent conditions resulting from disrupted/altered neurodevelopment. ASD multifactorial etiology-and its numerous comorbid conditions-heightens the difficulty in identifying its underlying causes, thus obstructing the development of effective therapies. Increasing evidence from both animal and human studies suggests an altered functioning of the parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory interneurons as a common and possibly unifying pathway for some forms of ASD. PV-expressing interneurons (short: PVALB neurons) are critically implicated in the regulation of cortical networks' activity. Their particular connectivity patterns, i.e., their preferential targeting of perisomatic regions and axon initial segments of pyramidal cells, as well as their reciprocal connections, enable PVALB neurons to exert a fine-tuned control of, e.g., spike timing, resulting in the generation and modulation of rhythms in the gamma range, which are important for sensory perception and attention.New methodologies such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and genome-editing techniques (CRISPR/Cas9) have proven to be valuable tools to get mechanistic insight in neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Such technological advances have enabled the generation of PVALB neurons from iPSC. Tagging of these neurons would allow following their fate during the development, from precursor cells to differentiated (and functional) PVALB neurons. Also, it would enable a better understanding of PVALB neuron function, using either iPSC from healthy donors or ASD patients with known mutations in ASD risk genes. In this concept paper, the strategies hopefully leading to a better understanding of PVALB neuron function(s) are briefly discussed. We envision that such an iPSC-based approach combined with emerging (genetic) technologies may offer the opportunity to investigate in detail the role of PVALB neurons and PV during "neurodevelopment ex vivo."
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Filice
- Department of Neuroscience & Movements Science, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Department of Neuroscience & Movements Science, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tanja M Michel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Psychiatry Odense, Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 3, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nielsen JJJ, Lillethorup TP, Glud AN, Sørensen JCH, Orlowski D. The application of iPSCs in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Ren C, Wang F, Guan LN, Cheng XY, Zhang CY, Geng DQ, Liu CF. A compendious summary of Parkinson's disease patient-derived iPSCs in the first decade. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:685. [PMID: 31930086 PMCID: PMC6944564 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients increases with aging, which brings heavy burden to families and society. The emergence of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has brought hope to the current situation of lacking new breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment of PD. In this article, we reviewed and analyzed the current researches related to PD patient-derived iPSCs, in order to provide solid theoretical basis for future study of PD. In 2008, successful iPSCs derived from PD patients were reported. The current iPSCs research in PD mostly focused on the establishment of specific iPSCs models of PD patients carrying susceptible genes. The main source of PD patient-derived iPSCs is skin fibroblasts and the mainstream reprogramming methodology is the mature "four-factor" method, which introduces four totipotent correlation factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc into somatic cells. The main sources of iPSCs are patients with non-pedigrees and there have been no studies involving both PD patients and unaffected carriers within the same family. Most of the existing studies of PD patient-derived iPSCs started with the induction method for obtaining dopaminergic neurons in the first instance, but therapeutic applications are being increased. Although it is not the ultimate panacea, and there are still some unsolved problems (e.g., whether the mutated genes should be corrected or not), a better understanding of iPSCs may be a good gift for both PD patients and doctors due to their advantages in diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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