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Sorokin AA, Pekov SI, Zavorotnyuk DS, Shamraeva MM, Bormotov DS, Popov IA. Modern machine-learning applications in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 2024. [PMID: 38671553 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of methods of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS). AIMS has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in recent years, allowing for rapid and sensitive analysis of various samples without the need for extensive sample preparation. The integration of ML/AI algorithms with AIMS has further expanded its capabilities, enabling enhanced data analysis. This review discusses ML/AI algorithms applicable to the AIMS data and highlights the key advancements and potential benefits of utilizing ML/AI in the field of mass spectrometry, with a focus on the AIMS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Sorokin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Pekov
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department for Molecular and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Denis S Zavorotnyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Mariya M Shamraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Denis S Bormotov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Igor A Popov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Diagnostics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Rydberg M, Dowling S, Manicke NE. Automated and High-Throughput Urine Drug Screening Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:147-153. [PMID: 35866550 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) has been shown to be a rapid, simple and inexpensive alternative to traditional forensic drug screening methods. It can address the limitations of both immunoassays and chromatography-based techniques due to its non-reliance on sample preparation and its ability to rapidly screen for a wide array of compounds. In this study, an automated PS-MS system was employed to semi-quantitatively screen for 40 commonly abused drugs and metabolites in urine after a 15-min glucuronidase reaction. The target compounds included common prescription opioids, fentanyl and norfentanyl, stimulants including methamphetamine and cocaine, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. The enzyme, buffer and internal standard solution were combined in one spiking solution to minimize sample handling. Analysis was carried out using a commercially available automated paper spray system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. This method may prove useful for clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories as it allows for automated screening of complex samples for drugs without extraction, separation and sample cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rydberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah Dowling
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Liu L, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Mei Y, Li L, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang L. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for the Separation and Characterization of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2023; 95:134-151. [PMID: 36625109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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Boronat Ena MDM, Cowan DA, Abbate V. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis. Mass Spectrom Rev 2023; 42:3-34. [PMID: 34036620 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade a plethora of drugs with similar effects to controlled psychoactive drugs, like cannabis, amfetamine (amphetamine), or lysergic acid diethylamide, have been synthesized. These drugs can collectively be classified under the term new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are used for recreational purposes. The novelty of the substances, alongside the rapid rate of emergence and structural variability, makes their detection as well as their legal control highly challenging, increasing the demand for rapid and easy-to-use analytical techniques for their detection and identification. Therefore, interest in ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to NPS has grown in recent years, which is largely because it is relatively fast and simple to use and has a low operating cost. This review aims to provide a critique of the suitability of current ambient ionization techniques for the analysis of NPS in the forensic and clinical toxicology fields. Consideration is given to analytical performance and ease of implementation, including ionization efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, quantification, analyte chemistry, molecular coverage, validation, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Boronat Ena
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
| | - David A Cowan
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
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Pursell ME, Sharif D, DeBastiani A, Li C, Majuta S, Li P, Valentine SJ. Development of cVSSI-APCI for the Improvement of Ion Suppression and Matrix Effects in Complex Mixtures. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9226-9233. [PMID: 35729103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The new ionization technique termed vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) has been coupled with corona discharge to investigate atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) capabilities. The optimized source was evaluated for its ability to enhance ion signal intensity, overcome matrix effects, and limit ion suppression. The results have been compared with state-of-the-art ESI source performance as well as a new APCI-like source. In methanol, the ion signal intensity increased 10-fold and >10-fold for cocaine and the suppressed analytes, respectively. The ability to overcome ion suppression was improved from 2-fold to 16-fold for theophylline and vitamin D2, respectively. For aqueous samples, ion signal levels increased by two orders of magnitude for all analytes. In both solvent systems, the signal-to-noise ratios also increased for all suppressed analytes. One example of the characterization of low-ionizing (by ESI or cVSSI alone) species in the presence of high-ionizing species by direct analysis from a cotton swab is presented. The work is discussed with respect to the advantages of cVSSI-APCI for direct, in situ, and field analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Pursell
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Daud Sharif
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Anthony DeBastiani
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Sandra Majuta
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Stephen J Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Dulay MT, Boeser CL, Walker KL, Feider C, Zare RN. Polymer substrate with surface solvent reservoir for polymer-spray mass spectrometric analysis of hydrophilic drugs. Talanta Open 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Chiu KY, Wang Q, Gunawardena HP, Held M, Faik A, Chen H. Desalting Paper Spay Mass Spectrometry (DPS-MS) for Rapid Detection of Glycans and Glycoconjugates. Int J Mass Spectrom 2021; 469:116688. [PMID: 35386843 PMCID: PMC8981528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of glycans and glycoconjugates has gained increasing attention in biological fields. Traditional mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for glycoconjugate analysis are challenged with poor intensity when dealing with complex biological samples. We developed a desalting paper spray mass spectrometry (DPS-MS) strategy to overcome the issue of signal suppression of carbohydrates in salted buffer. Glycans and glycoconjugates (i.e., glycopeptides, nucleotide sugars, etc.) in non-volatile buffer (e.g., Tris buffer) can be loaded on the paper substrate from which buffers can be removed by washing with ACN/H2O (90/10 v/v) solution. Glycans or glycoconjugates can then be eluted and spray ionized by adding ACN/H2O/formic acid (FA) (10/90/1 v/v/v) solvent and applying a high voltage (HV) to the paper substrate. This work also showed that DPS-MS is applicable for direct detection of intact glycopeptides and nucleotide sugars as well as determination of glycosylation profiling of antibody, such as NIST monoclonal antibody IgG (NISTmAb). NISTmAb was deglycosylated with PNGase F to release N-linked oligosaccharides. Twenty-six N-linked oligosaccharides were detected by DPS-MS within a 5-minute timeframe without the need for further enrichment or derivatization. This work demonstrates that DPS-MS allows fast and sensitive detection of glycans/oligosaccharides and glycosylated species in complex matrices and has great potential in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 07102
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 07102
| | - Harsha P Gunawardena
- Janssen Research & Development, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA, 19477
| | - Michael Held
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio USA, 45701
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio USA, 45701
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens Ohio, USA, 45701
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 07102
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Li C, Li K, Xu X, Qi W, Hu X, Jin P. A pilot study for colorectal carcinoma screening by instant metabolomic profiles using conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166210. [PMID: 34246751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid and accurate discrimination of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and polyps at the molecular level enables early intervention of CRC, which can greatly improve the 5-year survival rate of patients. Here we reported the potential of conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry (CPSI-MS) in successfully screening CRC according to the serum metabolic profile. METHODS Trace intravenous blood (50 μL) was collected from 60 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and 60 polyp patients, respectively. After centrifugation, serum (2 μL) was loaded onto the tip of conductive polymer to form a dried serum spot. When the 5 μL methanol-water (1:1, v/v) extraction solvent was spiked onto the dried serum spot followed with +4.5 kV high voltage applied on the polymer tip, the extracted components will be ionized and carried into the MS system for direct metabolic profiling. FINDINGS There were 51 metabolites discovered to be significantly changed in CRC serum compared to polyps. Combining these metabolites as the characteristic panel, the ideal diagnostic performance was achieved by Lasso regression model with the accuracy of 88.3%. INTERPRETATION This pilot study demonstrated the potential of CPSI-MS as a cost-effective tool in large-scale CRC screening in the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kexin Li
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenyuan Qi
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China.
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9
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Wang Q, Bhattarai M, Zhao P, Alnsour T, Held M, Faik A, Chen H. Fast and Sensitive Detection of Oligosaccharides Using Desalting Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (DPS-MS). J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2226-2235. [PMID: 32910855 PMCID: PMC8189650 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical methods for small carbohydrate fragments (oligosaccharides, degree of polymerization 2-12) are time-consuming due to the need for an offline sample pretreatment such as desalting. Herein, we report a new paper spray ionization method, named desalting paper spray (DPS), which employs a piece of triangular filter paper for both sample desalting and ionization. Unlike regular paper spray ionization (PSI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI), DPS-MS allows fast and sensitive detection of oligosaccharides in biological samples having complex matrices (e.g., Tris, PBS, HEPES buffers, or urine). When an oligosaccharide sample is loaded onto the filter paper substrate (10 × 5 mm, height × base) made mostly of cellulose, oligosaccharides are adsorbed on the paper via hydrophilic interactions with cellulose. Salts and buffers can be washed away using an ACN/H2O (90/10 v/v) solution, while oligosaccharides can be eluted from the paper using a solution of ACN/H2O/formic acid (FA) (10/90/1 v/v/v) and directly spray-ionized from the tip of the paper. Various saccharides at trace levels (e.g., 50 fmol) in nonvolatile buffer can be quickly analyzed by DPS-MS (<5 min per sample). DPS-MS is also applicable for direct detection of oligosaccharides from glycosyltransferase (GT) reactions, a challenging task that typically requires a radioactive assay. Quantitative analysis of acceptor and product oligosaccharides shows increased product with increased GT enzymes used for the reaction, a result in line with the radioactivity assay. This work suggests that DPS-MS has potential for rapid oligosaccharide analysis from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Matrika Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology & Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Pengyi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Tariq Alnsour
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael Held
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Corresponding Authors: Hao Chen - Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. , Ahmed Faik – Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. , Michael Held – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology & Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Corresponding Authors: Hao Chen - Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. , Ahmed Faik – Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. , Michael Held – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
- Corresponding Authors: Hao Chen - Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. , Ahmed Faik – Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. , Michael Held – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
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Bhatnagar A, McKay MJ, Arasaratnam M, Crumbaker M, Gurney H, Molloy MP. Evaluating bioanalytical capabilities of paper spray ionization for abiraterone drug quantification in patient plasma. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4584. [PMID: 32725840 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization (PSI) is a direct, fast, and low-cost ambient ionization technique which may have clinical utility for qualitative and quantitative analysis of therapeutic drugs and metabolites from patient specimens. We developed and validated a PSI-mass spectrometry (PSI-MS/MS) method according to the US-FDA guidelines for bioanalytical studies to measure the prostate cancer drug abiraterone directly from patient plasma. The established linearity range was 3.1-156.8 ng/mL with a precision (%CV) and an accuracy (%) range of 0.5-10.7 and 93.5-103.2, respectively. The mean internal standard normalized matrix factor for abiraterone was just below 1 with highest %CV of 10.2 at the low-level quality control. In benchmarking the performance of this assay against a published LC-MS/MS assay, we showed they were mostly equivalent, with the exception of accuracy with clinical samples. We found the quantitative values observed for abiraterone measured directly from patient plasma using PSI-MS/MS showed positive bias. Upon investigation, we concluded the increased values were due to summed quantitation of isomeric abiraterone conjugates and metabolites which are separable by LC-MS/MS, but not with the current PSI-MS/MS configuration. Despite demonstrating the utility of PSI-MS/MS for rapid bioanalysis, this study also highlighted a limitation encountered with the direct analysis of abiraterone in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Bhatnagar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Megan Crumbaker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Direct ambient ionization techniques have been developed with the aim to reduce the complexity of mass spectrometry analysis by minimizing sample preparation and chromatographic separation. In this context, paper spray-MS (PS-MS) is an innovative approach that provides faster and cheaper analysis of biofluids by the addition of the sample directly to a paper. In forensic toxicology, the analytical workflow for the detection and quantification of drugs of abuse is onerous, including sample treatment, extraction and clean up, especially regarding complex biological matrices. PS-MS allows the detection of analytes of toxicological interest in blood, plasma and urine using low sample volume. This review aims to discuss the potential use, advances and challenges of PS-MS in forensic toxicology.
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Song X, Yang X, Narayanan R, Shankar V, Ethiraj S, Wang X, Duan N, Ni YH, Hu Q, Zare RN. Oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed from saliva metabolic profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16167-73. [PMID: 32601197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001395117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a noninvasive biofluid that can contain metabolite signatures of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry (CPSI-MS) is employed to record a wide range of metabolite species within a few seconds, making this technique appealing as a point-of-care method for the early detection of OSCC. Saliva samples from 373 volunteers, 124 who are healthy, 124 who have premalignant lesions, and 125 who are OSCC patients, were collected for discovering and validating dysregulated metabolites and determining altered metabolic pathways. Metabolite markers were reconfirmed at the primary tissue level by desorption electrospray ionization MS imaging (DESI-MSI), demonstrating the reliability of diagnoses based on saliva metabolomics. With the aid of machine learning (ML), OSCC and premalignant lesions can be distinguished from the normal physical condition in real time with an accuracy of 86.7%, on a person by person basis. These results suggest that the combination of CPSI-MS and ML is a feasible tool for accurate, automated diagnosis of OSCC in clinical practice.
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Rossini EL, Kulyk DS, Ansu-Gyeabourh E, Sahraeian T, Pezza HR, Badu-Tawiah AK. Direct Analysis of Doping Agents in Raw Urine Using Hydrophobic Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:1212-1222. [PMID: 32357004 PMCID: PMC7891915 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the direct analysis of doping agents in urine samples with no sample preparation by a modified paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) methodology has been demonstrated for the first time. We have described a paper surface treatment with trichloromethylsilane using a gas-phase reaction to increase the ionization of target compounds. This approach was applied for the analysis of two classes of banned substances in urine samples: anabolic agents (trenbolone and clenbuterol) and diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide). Under optimized conditions, the developed methods presented satisfactory repeatability, and an analysis of variance showed linearity without lack-of-fit. Highly sensitive detections as low as sub-nanogram per milliliter levels, which is below the minimum required performance levels proposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, have been reached using the hydrophobic PS-MS analysis without any preconcentration and cleanup step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luiz Rossini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Dmytro S. Kulyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Emelia Ansu-Gyeabourh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Taghi Sahraeian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Helena Redigolo Pezza
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Abstract
Recent experimental efforts have shown that single particle levitation methods may be effectively coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) using paper spray (PS) ionization for compositional analysis of picoliter droplets. In this work, we characterize the response of PS-MS to analytes delivered in the form of picoliter droplets and explore its potential for identification and quantification of these samples. Using a microdroplet dispenser to generate droplets, we demonstrate sensitivity to a range of oxygenated organic molecules typical of compounds found in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol. We assess experimental factors that influence the reproducibility and sensitivity of the method and explore the linearity of the system response to increasing analyte mass in droplets containing single or multicomponent analytes. We show that the ratio of analyte signal from multicomponent samples may be used to characterize the relative composition of the system. These measurements demonstrate that the droplet PS-MS method is an effective tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of single picoliter droplets containing picogram levels of analyte. The potential applications of this technique for characterizing the composition of levitated particles will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravleen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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