1
|
Li Y, Fan A, Zhang Y, Meng W, Pan W, Wu F, Ma Z, Chen W. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001610 promotes prostate cancer progression by sponging miR-1324 and upregulating PTK6. Gene 2024; 930:148818. [PMID: 39098513 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and cancer-related deaths are both high in the male population. Once castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has developed, PCa can be difficult to manage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the regulation of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In CRPC, however, the potential molecular mechanisms and biological functions of circRNAs are yet to be defined. In this study, we conducted RNA sequencing on four hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) tumor tissue samples and three CRPC samples. We recognized hsa_circ_0001610, a novel circRNA that was highly expressed in the cells and tissue of CRPC. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to evaluate hsa_circ_0001610 expression. We conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments and found that hsa_circ_0001610 overexpression caused PCa cells to proliferate and migrate and caused enzalutamide resistance. In contrast, the opposite results were found for hsa_circ_0001610 knockdown. We used Western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), qRT-PCR, and rescue experiments to reveal the underlying mechanisms of hsa_circ_0001610. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001610 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-1324 and thus reversed its inhibitory effect on its target gene PTK6. As a result, the PTK6 expression was enhanced, which accelerated PCa progression. The findings of this study confirmed that hsa_circ_0001610 drives the progression of PCa through the hsa_circ_0001610/miR-1324/PTK6 axis. Thus, hsa_circ_0001610 is potentially an effective therapeutic target and specific biomarker for advanced PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aoyu Fan
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA and Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Currie C, Bjerknes C, Myklebust TÅ, Framroze B. Assessing the Potential of Small Peptides for Altering Expression Levels of the Iron-Regulatory Genes FTH1 and TFRC and Enhancing Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Activity in In Vitro Prostate Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15231. [PMID: 37894914 PMCID: PMC10607736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the key role of iron dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). PCa cells are heavily dependent on bioavailable iron, which frequently results in the reprogramming of iron uptake and storage pathways. Although advanced-stage PCa is currently incurable, bioactive peptides capable of modulating key iron-regulatory genes may constitute a means of exploiting a metabolic adaptation necessary for tumor growth. Recent annual increases in PCa incidence have been reported, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatments. We examined the ability of LNCaP, PC3, VCaP, and VCaP-EnzR cells to form colonies in the presence of androgen receptor inhibitors (ARI) and a series of iron-gene modulating oligopeptides (FT-001-FT-008). The viability of colonies following treatment was determined with clonogenic assays, and the expression levels of FTH1 (ferritin heavy chain 1) and TFRC (transferrin receptor) were determined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peptides and ARIs combined significantly reduced PCa cell growth across all phenotypes, of which two peptides were the most effective. Colony growth suppression generally correlated with the magnitude of concurrent increases in FTH1 and decreases in TFRC expression for all cells. The results of this study provide preliminary insight into a novel approach at targeting iron dysmetabolism and sensitizing PCa cells to established cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crawford Currie
- HBC Immunology Inc., 1455 Adams Drive, Suite, Menlo Park, CA 2043, USA;
- Hofseth Biocare, Keiser Wilhelmsgate 24, 6003 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Christian Bjerknes
- Hofseth Biocare, Keiser Wilhelmsgate 24, 6003 Ålesund, Norway;
- Department for Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6025 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, 6026 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Bomi Framroze
- HBC Immunology Inc., 1455 Adams Drive, Suite, Menlo Park, CA 2043, USA;
- GPH Biotech LLC, 1455 Adams Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sukmana BI, Al-Hawary SIS, Abosaooda M, Adile M, Gupta R, Saleh EAM, Alwaily ER, Alsaab HO, Sapaev IB, Mustafa YF. A thorough and current study of miR-214-related targets in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154770. [PMID: 37660658 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex genetic anomaly involving coding and non-coding transcript structural and expressive irregularities. A class of tiny non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding only to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Due to their capacity to target numerous genes, miRNAs have the potential to play a significant role in the development of tumors by controlling several biological processes, including angiogenesis, drug resistance, metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, and drug resistance. According to several recent studies, miRNA-214 has been linked to the emergence and spread of tumors. The human genome's q24.3 arm contains the DNM3 gene, which is about 6 kb away and includes the microRNA-214. Its primary purpose was the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. The multifaceted and complex functions of miR-214 as a modulator in neoplastic conditions have been outlined in the current review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Indra Sukmana
- Departement of Oral Biology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Mohaned Adile
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, District-Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India.
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - I B Sapaev
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moya L, Walpole C, Rae F, Srinivasan S, Seim I, Lai J, Nicol D, Williams ED, Clements JA, Batra J. Characterisation of cell lines derived from prostate cancer patients with localised disease. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:614-624. [PMID: 37264224 PMCID: PMC10449630 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a broad-spectrum disease, spanning from indolent to a highly aggressive lethal malignancy. Prostate cancer cell lines are essential tools to understanding the basic features of this malignancy, as well as in identifying novel therapeutic strategies. However, most cell lines routinely used in prostate cancer research are derived from metastatic disease and may not fully elucidate the molecular events underlying the early stages of cancer development and progression. Thus, there is a need for new cell lines derived from localised disease to better span the disease spectrum. METHODS Prostatic tissue from the primary site, and adjacent non-cancerous tissue was obtained from four patients with localised disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Epithelial cell outgrowths were immortalised with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 to establish monoclonal cell lines. Chromosomal ploidy was imaged and STR profiles were determined. Cell morphology, colony formation and cell proliferation characteristics were assessed. Androgen receptor (AR) expression and AR-responsiveness to androgen treatment were analysed by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR, respectively. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify prostate lineage markers and expression of prostate cancer tumorigenesis-related genes. RESULTS Two benign cell lines derived from non-cancer cells (AQ0420 and AQ0396) and two tumour tissue derived cancer cell lines (AQ0411 and AQ0415) were immortalised from four patients with localised prostatic adenocarcinoma. The cell lines presented an epithelial morphology and a slow to moderate proliferative rate. None of the cell lines formed anchorage independent colonies or displayed AR-responsiveness. Comparative RNA-seq expression analysis confirmed the prostatic lineage of the four cell lines, with a distinct gene expression profile from that of the metastatic prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive characterization of these cell lines may provide new in vitro tools that could bridge the current knowledge gap between benign, early-stage and metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Moya
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer Immunotherapies Group, Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Rae
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Gehrmann Laboratories, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Nicol
- Urology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Center for genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gujrati H, Ha S, Wang BD. Deregulated microRNAs Involved in Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Treatment Resistance Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3140. [PMID: 37370750 PMCID: PMC10296615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of PCa. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate protein expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mRNAs for degradation or inhibiting protein translation. In the past two decades, the field of miRNA research has rapidly expanded, and emerging evidence has revealed miRNA dysfunction to be an important epigenetic mechanism underlying a wide range of diseases, including cancers. This review article focuses on understanding the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of deregulated miRNAs in PCa aggressiveness and drug resistance based on the existing literature. Specifically, the miRNAs differentially expressed (upregulated or downregulated) in PCa vs. normal tissues, advanced vs. low-grade PCa, and treatment-responsive vs. non-responsive PCa are discussed. In particular, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive miRNAs involved in the regulation of (1) the synthesis of the androgen receptor (AR) and its AR-V7 splice variant, (2) PTEN expression and PTEN-mediated signaling, (3) RNA splicing mechanisms, (4) chemo- and hormone-therapy resistance, and (5) racial disparities in PCa are discussed and summarized. We further provide an overview of the current advances and challenges of miRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics in clinical practice for PCa diagnosis/prognosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himali Gujrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Siyoung Ha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta J, Abdulsahib WK, Turki Jalil A, Saadi Kareem D, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Farhood B. Prostate Cancer and microRNAs: New insights into Apoptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154436. [PMID: 37062208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is known as one of the most prevalent malignancies globally and is not yet curable owing to its progressive nature. It has been well documented that Genetic and epigenetic alterations maintain mandatory roles in PCa development. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to be involved in a number of physiological processes. Apoptosis disruption is considered as one of the main mechanism involved in lots of pathological conditions, especially malignancy. There is ample of evidence in support of the fact that microRNAs (miRNAs) have crucial roles in several cellular biological processes, including apoptosis. Escaping from apoptosis is a common event in malignancy progression. Emerging evidence revealed miRNAs capabilities to act as apoptotic or anti-apoptotic factors by altering the expression levels of tumor inhibitor or oncogene genes. In the present narrative review, we described in detail how apoptosis dysfunction could be involved in PCa processes and additionally, the mechanisms behind miRNAs affect the apoptosis pathways in PCa. Identifying the mechanisms behind the effects of miRNAs and their targets on apoptosis can provide scientists new targets for PCa treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U. P., India
| | - Waleed K Abdulsahib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MicroRNA-483-5p Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Cell Steatosis, and Fibrosis by Targeting PPARα and TIMP2. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061715. [PMID: 36980601 PMCID: PMC10046356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind with the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes to regulate expression. Downregulation of miR-483-5p (miR-483) is associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the significant roles of miR-483 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver diseases (AFLD), and HCC remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the biological significance of miR-483 in NAFLD, AFLD, and HCC in vitro and in vivo. The downregulation of miR-483 expression in HCC patients’ tumor samples was associated with Notch 3 upregulation. Overexpression of miR-483 in a human bipotent progenitor liver cell line HepaRG and HCC cells dysregulated Notch signaling, inhibited cell proliferation/migration, induced apoptosis, and increased sensitivity towards antineoplastic agents sorafenib/regorafenib. Interestingly, the inactivation of miR-483 upregulated cell steatosis and fibrosis signaling by modulation of lipogenic and fibrosis gene expression. Mechanistically, miR-483 targets PPARα and TIMP2 gene expression, which leads to the suppression of cell steatosis and fibrosis. The downregulation of miR-483 was observed in mice liver fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard Lieber-Decarli liquid diet containing 5% alcohol, leading to increased hepatic steatosis/fibrosis. Our data suggest that miR-483 inhibits cell steatosis and fibrogenic signaling and functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Therefore, miR-483 may be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD/AFLD/HCC management in patients with fatty liver diseases and HCC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Luo S, Wang Z, Huang Y, Luo Y, Xie X. Comprehensive Analysis Reveals PTK6 as a Prognostic Biomarker Involved in the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5160705. [PMID: 36405012 PMCID: PMC9668476 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5160705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant mortality rate that is currently experienced by female breast cancer (BC) patients highlights the importance of locating potent and dependable biomarkers in BC patients. Over the past few years, a number of studies have demonstrated that PTK6 was dysregulated in a variety of cancers. However, its expression and the clinical importance it may have in patients with BC have not been explored. Based on datasets from the TCGA database and GTEx database, we studied the expressions and functions of PTK6 across 33 different kinds of cancer. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of PTK6 in tumor tissue compared to nontumor tissue as well as in various stages of cancer. ROC assays were used to conduct an investigation into the diagnostic potential of PTK6 in BC. After that, the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis were carried out in order to investigate the PTK6 gene's potential prognostic significance in patients with BC. ssGSEA was utilized in order to conduct an investigation of the immune infiltration. In this study, we discovered that the expressions of PTK6 were significantly raised in the majority of different types of malignancies, including BC. The diagnostic value of PTK6 expression was validated by ROC tests, demonstrating an AUC greater than 0.7. A positive PR, ER, and HER2 status was found to be related with high expression levels of PTK6. According to the results of a survival analysis, patients who had a high level of PTK6 expression had a shorter overall survival time than those who had a low level of PTK6 expression. Besides, we observed that PTK6 expressions were positively correlated with the abundance of NK CD56bright cells and Th17 cells and negatively correlated with that of Th1 cells, macrophages, B cells, T cells, aDC, DC, cytotoxic cells, Tem, TFH, NK CD56dim cells, Treg, and Tgd. In conclusion, PTK6 expression was found to be linked with the clinical phenotype of BC, and as a result, this finding may have consequences for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of individuals with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Shuimei Luo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yiqiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maurya VK, Szwarc MM, Fernandez-Valdivia R, Lonard DM, Song Y, Joshi N, Fazleabas AT, Lydon JP. Early growth response 1 transcription factor is essential for the pathogenic properties of human endometriotic epithelial cells. Reproduction 2022; 164:41-54. [PMID: 35679138 PMCID: PMC9339520 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although a non-malignant gynecological disorder, endometriosis displays some pathogenic features of malignancy, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adaptation to hypoxia. Current treatments of endometriosis include pharmacotherapy and/or surgery, which are of limited efficacy and often associated with adverse side effects. Therefore, to develop more effective therapies to treat this disease, a broader understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that underpin endometriosis needs to be attained. Using immortalized human endometriotic epithelial and stromal cell lines, we demonstrate that the early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription factor is essential for cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which represent some of the pathogenic properties of endometriotic cells. Genome-wide transcriptomics identified an EGR1-dependent transcriptome in human endometriotic epithelial cells that potentially encodes a diverse spectrum of proteins that are known to be involved in tissue pathologies. To underscore the utility of this transcriptomic data set, we demonstrate that carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), a homeostatic regulator of intracellular pH, is not only a molecular target of EGR1 but is also important for maintaining many of the cellular properties of human endometriotic epithelial cells that are also ascribed to EGR1. Considering therapeutic intervention strategies are actively being developed for EGR1 and CAIX in the treatment of other pathologies, we believe EGR1 and its transcriptome (which includes CA9) will offer not only a new conceptual framework to advance our understanding of endometriosis but will also furnish new molecular vulnerabilities to be leveraged as potential therapeutic options in the future treatment of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K. Maurya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria M. Szwarc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Niraj Joshi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to JP Lydon;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Niture S, Tricoli L, Qi Q, Gadi S, Hayes K, Kumar D. MicroRNA-99b-5p targets mTOR/AR axis, induces autophagy and inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:107-127. [DOI: 10.3233/tub-211568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the small non-coding regulatory RNA molecules involved in gene regulation via base-pairing with complementary sequences in mRNAs. The dysregulation of specific miRNAs, such as miR-99b-5p (miR-99b), is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the mechanistic role of miR-99b in PCa remains to be determined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional and clinical significance of miR-99b in PCa. STUDY DESIGN: The expression of miR-99b and its downstream targets mTOR/AR in the PCa samples were analyzed by RT/qPCR. The effects of miR-99b overexpression/inhibition on PCa cell survival/proliferation, spheroid formation, and cell migration were examined by specific assays. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the binding of miR-99b to 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the mTOR gene. The effects of miR-99b on the expression of mTOR, AR, and PSA proteins, as well as on AKT/mTOR signaling, autophagy, and neuroendocrine differentiation markers were analyzed by western blotting. The expression of miR-99b, mTOR, AR, PSA in AR-negative PC3 and AR-positive LNCaP cells was analyzed by RT/qPCR. The effect of miR-99b on global gene expression in PC3 cells was analyzed by RNA-seq. RESULTS: The expression of miR-99b was downregulated in tumor samples from PCa patients, whereas the expression of mTOR and AR was upregulated. In PCa cell lines, overexpression of miR-99b inhibited cell proliferation and cell colony/spheroid formation; induced apoptosis, and increased sensitivity towards docetaxel (DTX). In contrast, inhibition of miR-99b by miR-99b inhibitor resulted in increased cell growth in PCa cells. Mechanistically, miR-99b inhibited the expression of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) gene by binding to its 3′ UTR and induced autophagy. Furthermore, miR-99b inhibited androgen receptor (AR) activity in LNCaP cells and induced apoptosis. Activation of AR signaling by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) downregulated miR-99b expression and promoted cell PCa cell growth/survival, whereas inactivation of mTOR by rapamycin or AR by enzalutamide decreased miR-99b mediated PCa cell growth. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that miR-99b functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting the mTOR/AR axis in PCa cells, implicating miR-99b as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for PCa management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lucas Tricoli
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sashi Gadi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kala Hayes
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, He Y, Xiang J, Feng L, Wang Y, Chen R. The Functional Mechanism of MicroRNA in Oral Lichen Planus. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4261-4274. [PMID: 35923905 PMCID: PMC9342247 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s369304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from the genomes of mammals and other complex organisms, and many of them are alternately spliced and processed into smaller products. Types of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs. miRNAs are about 21 nucleotides long and form a broad class of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that affect numerous developmental and physiological processes in eukaryotes. They usually act as negative regulators of mRNA expression through complementary binding sequences in the 3’-UTR of the target mRNA, leading to translation inhibition and target degradation. In recent years, the importance of ncRNA in oral lichen planus (OLP), particularly miRNA, has attracted extensive attention. However, the biological functions of miRNAs and their mechanisms in OLP are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the role and function of miRNAs in OLP, and we also describe their potential functional roles as biomarkers for the diagnosis of OLP. MiRNAs are promising new therapeutic targets, but more work is needed to understand their biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaodong He
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfei Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuanyin Wang; Ran Chen, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Ran Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rios-Colon L, Chijioke J, Niture S, Afzal Z, Qi Q, Srivastava A, Ramalinga M, Kedir H, Cagle P, Arthur E, Sharma M, Moore J, Deep G, Suy S, Collins SP, Kumar D. Leptin modulated microRNA-628-5p targets Jagged-1 and inhibits prostate cancer hallmarks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10073. [PMID: 35710817 PMCID: PMC9203512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that play a regulatory role in gene expression and cancer cell signaling. We previously identified miR-628-5p (miR-628) as a potential biomarker in serum samples from men with prostate cancer (PCa) (Srivastava et al. in Tumour Biol 35:4867–4873, 10.1007/s13277-014-1638-1, 2014). This study examined the detailed cellular phenotypes and pathways regulated by miR-628 in PCa cells. Since obesity is a significant risk factor for PCa, and there is a correlation between levels of the obesity-associated hormone leptin and PCa development, here we investigated the functional relationship between leptin and miR-628 regulation in PCa. We demonstrated that exposure to leptin downregulated the expression of miR-628 and increased cell proliferation/migration in PCa cells. We next studied the effects on cancer-related phenotypes in PCa cells after altering miR-628 expression levels. Enforced expression of miR-628 in PCa cells inhibited cell proliferation, reduced PCa cell survival/migration/invasion/spheroid formation, and decreased markers of cell stemness. Mechanistically, miR-628 binds with the JAG1-3′UTR and inhibits the expression of Jagged-1 (JAG1). JAG1 inhibition by miR-628 downregulated Notch signaling, decreased the expression of Snail/Slug, and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness in PC3 cells. Furthermore, expression of miR-628 in PCa cells increased sensitivity towards the drugs enzalutamide and docetaxel by induction of cell apoptosis. Collectively our data suggest that miR-628 is a key regulator of PCa carcinogenesis and is modulated by leptin, offering a novel therapeutic opportunity to inhibit the growth of advanced PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Juliet Chijioke
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Zainab Afzal
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Anvesha Srivastava
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Malathi Ramalinga
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Habib Kedir
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Patrice Cagle
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Elena Arthur
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Simeng Suy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20057, USA
| | - Sean P Collins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20057, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu G, Meng Y, Wang L, Dong B, Peng F, Liu S, Li S, Liu T. miRNA-214-5p inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation by targeting SOX4. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:338. [PMID: 34863188 PMCID: PMC8642955 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men. Due to the lack of theoretical research on its pathogenic mechanism, the current cure rate is still low. miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of various cancers. miRNA-214-5p plays an important role in the development of a variety of cancers. This study aims to explore the expression level of miR-214-5p in prostate cancer and make a preliminary study of its molecular mechanism in the development of prostate cancer to provide effective new strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer. Methods The target genes of miRNA-214-5p were predicted with bioinformatics technology, and the target relationship between miRNA-214-5p and its target genes was verified with dual luciferase reporter assay. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of miRNA-214-5p and target genes in 50 clinical samples and two common prostate continuous cell lines, respectively. The targeting relationship between miRNA-214-5p and its target genes was verified with clinical data. miRNA-214-5p and miRNA-214-5p inhibitor was over-expressed in DU-145 cell lines to verify the effect of miRNA-214-5p on prostate cancer cell proliferation and SOX4 gene expression. And the mechanism of miRNA-214-5p inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by detecting the expression difference of downstream factors of SOX4 pathway. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miRNA-214-5p combined with SOX4 3′UTR region, and dual luciferase reporter assay further verified the reliability of the predicted results. The low expression of miRNA-214-5p was observed in prostate cancer tissues and cells, while high expression of SOX4 was observed in prostate cancer tissues and cells. Results Overexpression of miRNA-214-5p to prostate cancer cells significantly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells, and the expression of SOX4 was inhibited in the transfected cell line. After transfection of miRNA-214-5p inhibitor into prostate cancer cells, the cell proliferation rate further increased. Meanwhile, overexpression of miRNA-214-5p effectively inhibited the expression of SOX4 downstream factors, including c-Myc, eIF4E, and CDK4. However, the specific knockdown of SOX4 through SOX4 shRNA significantly reduced the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines. Conclusions miRNA-214-5 can inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells by specifically targeting S0X4 and inhibiting the expression of growth factors downstream of this pathway. 1. Low expression of miRNA-214-5p is observed in prostate cancer cells. 2. miRNA-214-5p inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro by targeting SOX4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchi Xu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yin Meng
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lihe Wang
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feifei Peng
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shukui Li
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Knockdown of microRNA-214-3p Promotes Tumor Growth and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235875. [PMID: 34884984 PMCID: PMC8656576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In this study, we analyzed a molecule known as a microRNA, which regulates the expression of genes. microRNAs are involved in processes related to cancer onset and progression. Abnormal expression of microRNAs can promote prostate cancer. This study showed that knockdown of microRNA miR-214-3p enhanced the progression and of prostate cancer. In addition, miR-214 regulated the expression of many genes. These results are useful to better understand the function of miR-214-3p in prostate cancer and can be a useful target in the treatment of the disease. Abstract Abnormal expression of microRNA miR-214-3p (miR-214) is associated with multiple cancers. In this study, we assessed the effects of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated miR-214 depletion in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Knockdown of miR-214 promoted PCa cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased resistance to anoikis, a key feature of PCa cells that undergo metastasis. The reintroduction of miR-214 in miR-214 knockdown cells reversed these effects and significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These in vitro studies are consistent with the role of miR-214 as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, miR-214 knockout increased tumor growth in PCa xenografts in nude mice supporting its anti-oncogenic role in PCa. Knockdown of miR-214 increased the expression of its target protein, Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 (PTK6), a kinase shown to promote oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis in PCa. In addition, miR-214 modulated EMT as exhibited by differential regulation of E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, and Vimentin both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis of miR-214 knockdown cells revealed altered gene expression related to PCa tumor growth pathways, including EMT and metastasis. Collectively, our findings reveal that miR-214 is a key regulator of PCa oncogenesis and is a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zangoue M, Zangouei AS, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of protein kinases in prostate and bladder cancers. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are frequent urothelial and genital malignancies with a high ratio of morbidity and mortality which are more common among males. Since BCa and PCa cases are mainly diagnosed in advanced stages with clinical complications, it is required to introduce the efficient early detection markers. Protein kinases are critical factors involved in various cellular processes such as cell growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. Deregulation of protein kinases can be frequently observed through the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Therefore, kinases are required to be regulated via different genetic and epigenetic processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are among the critical factors involved in epigenetic regulation of protein kinases. Since miRNAs are noninvasive and more stable factors in serum and tissues compared with mRNAs, they can be used as efficient diagnostic markers for the early detection of PCa and BCa.
Main body
In present review, we have summarized all of the reported miRNAs that have been associated with regulation of protein kinases in bladder and prostate cancers.
Conclusions
For the first time, this review highlights the miRNAs as critical factors in regulation of protein kinases during prostate and bladder cancers which paves the way of introducing a noninvasive kinase-specific panel of miRNAs for the early detection of these malignancies. It was observed that the class VIII receptors of tyrosine kinases and non-receptor tyrosine kinases were the most frequent targets for the miRNAs in bladder and prostate cancers, respectively.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ge X, Niture S, Lin M, Cagle P, Li PA, Kumar D. MicroRNA-205-5p inhibits skin cancer cell proliferation and increase drug sensitivity by targeting TNFAIP8. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5660. [PMID: 33707587 PMCID: PMC7952414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a member of the TIPE/TNFAIP8 family which regulates tumor growth and survival. Our goal is to delineate the detailed oncogenic role of TNFAIP8 in skin cancer development and progression. Here we demonstrated that higher expression of TNFAIP8 is associated with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma development in patient tissues. Induction of TNFAIP8 expression by TNFα or by ectopic expression of TNFAIP8 in SCC or melanoma cell lines resulted in increased cell growth/proliferation. Conversely, silencing of TNFAIP8 decreased cell survival/cell migration in skin cancer cells. We also showed that miR-205-5p targets the 3'UTR of TNFAIP8 and inhibits TNFAIP8 expression. Moreover, miR-205-5p downregulates TNFAIP8 mediated cellular autophagy, increased sensitivity towards the B-RAFV600E mutant kinase inhibitor vemurafenib, and induced cell apoptosis in melanoma cells. Collectively our data indicate that miR-205-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in skin cancer by targeting TNFAIP8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Ge
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.,Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| | - Minghui Lin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Forth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Patrice Cagle
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bio-Manufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Jiang F, Wang J, Fu Y, Li Y, Li F. MiR-519a functions as a tumor suppressor and is negatively associated with poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:121-128. [PMID: 32224524 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are currently considered as novel targets and tools in cancer therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression level and functional role of miR-519a in NSCLC, as well as its clinical values. METHODS One hundred and two patients with NSCLC were recruited. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for the measurement of the expression level of miR-519a. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore the prognostic significance of miR-519a in NSCLC. MTT and Transwell assays were used to detect the effect of miR-519a on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS MiR-519a was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues, as well as NSCLC cell lines. The expression level of miR-519a was prominently associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that low miR-519a expression was closely associated with shorter overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that miR-519a expression level and TNM stage were two independent prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival in NSCLC patients. In vitro study, miR-519a significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. STAT3 was proved to be the target gene of miR-519a. CONCLUSIONS MiR-519a functions as a tumor suppressor and inhibits tumor progression of NSCLC via targeting STAT3. MiR-519a may act as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxing Fu
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medical Image, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niture S, Lin M, Odera JO, Moore J, Zhe H, Chen X, Suy S, Collins SP, Kumar D. TNFAIP8 drives metabolic reprogramming to promote prostate cancer cell proliferation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 130:105885. [PMID: 33227392 PMCID: PMC7770075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a member of TIPE/TNFAIP8 family, has been involved in the development and progression of various human cancers. We hypothesized that TNFAIP8 promotes prostate cancer (PCa) progression via regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. Ectopic expression of TNFAIP8 increased PCa cell proliferation/migration/spheroid formation by enhancing cell metabolic activities. Mechanistically, TNFAIP8 activated the PI3K-AKT pathway and up-regulated PCa cell survival. TNFAIP8 was also found to regulate the expression of glucose metabolizing enzymes, enhancing glucose consumption, and endogenous ATP production. Treatment with a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), reduced TNFAIP8 mediated glucose consumption, ATP production, spheroid formation, and PCa cell migration. By maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, TNFAIP8 increased OXPHOS and glycolysis. Moreover, TNFAIP8 modulates the production of glycolytic metabolites in PCa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that TNFAIP8 exerts its oncogenic effects by enhancing glucose metabolism and by facilitating metabolic reprogramming in PCa cells. Therefore, TNFAIP8 may be a biomarker associated with prostate cancer and indicate a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Minghui Lin
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Joab O Odera
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - John Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hong Zhe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004 China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Simeng Suy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, WA, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, WA, DC 20057, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gray JS, Campbell MJ. Challenges and Opportunities of Genomic Approaches in Therapeutics Development. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2194:107-126. [PMID: 32926364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0849-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of all therapeutic responses is significantly determined by genome structure, variation, and functional interactions. This determination occurs at many levels which are discussed in the current review. Well-established examples of structural variation between individuals are known to dictate an individual's response to numerous drugs, as clearly illustrated by warfarin. The exponential rate of genomic-based interrogation is coupled with an expanding repertoire of genomic technologies and applications. This is leading to an ever more sophisticated appreciation of how structural variation, regulation of transcription and genomic structure, both individually and collectively, define cell therapeutic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S Gray
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Targeting protein tyrosine kinase 6 in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188432. [PMID: 32956764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) is the most well studied member of the PTK6 family of intracellular tyrosine kinases. While it is expressed at highest levels in differentiated cells in the regenerating epithelial linings of the gastrointestinal tract and skin, induction and activation of PTK6 is detected in several cancers, including breast and prostate cancer where high PTK6 expression correlates with worse outcome. PTK6 expression is regulated by hypoxia and cell stress, and its kinase activity is induced by several growth factor receptors implicated in cancer including members of the ERBB family, IGFR1 and MET. Activation of PTK6 at the plasma membrane has been associated with the epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Several lines of evidence indicate that PTK6 has context dependent functions that depend on cell type, intracellular localization and kinase activation. Systemic disruption of PTK6 has been shown to reduce tumorigenesis in mouse models of breast and prostate cancer, and more recently small molecule inhibitors of PTK6 have exhibited efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in animal models. Here we review data that suggest targeting PTK6 may have beneficial therapeutic outcomes in some cancers.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li T, Wan Y, Su Z, Li J, Han M, Zhou C. SRF Potentiates Colon Cancer Metastasis and Progression in a microRNA-214/PTK6-Dependent Manner. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6477-6491. [PMID: 32801887 PMCID: PMC7395694 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s257422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Serum response factor (SRF), a sequence-specific transcription factor, is closely related to metastasis of gastric cancer, a digestive tract cancer. Herein, we probed the effect of SRF on metastasis and progression of colon cancer (CC), another digestive tract disorder, and the detailed mechanism. Methods Microarray analysis was conducted on tumor and adjacent tissues to filter differentially expressed miRNA, followed by RT-qPCR validation in CC cell lines. The transcription factor and the target gene of microRNA-214 (miR-214) were predicted, and their binding relationships were tested by luciferase reporter assays and ChIP assays. Subsequently, SRF and protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) expression in CC patients and cells was evaluated by RT-qPCR, while JAK2 and STAT3 expression in cells by Western blot analysis. To further explore functions of miR-214, PTK6 and SRF on CC, CC cells were delivered with si-PTK6, miR-214 mimic and/or SRF overexpression. Results miR-214 expressed poorly in CC tissues and cell lines, which related to advanced TNM staging and survival. miR-214 mimic inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, xenograft tumor growth and metastasis of CC cells. SRF, overexpressed in CC samples and cells, suppressed the transcription of miR-214. Meanwhile, SRF upregulation counteracted the inhibitory role of miR-214 mimic in CC cell growth. miR-214 negatively regulated PTK6 expression to impair the JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation, thereby halting CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, xenograft tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusion Altogether, miR-214 may perform as a tumor suppressor in CC, and the SRF/miR-214/PTK6/JAK2/STAT3 axis could be applied as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun Second Hospital, Changchun 130062, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minna Han
- Department of Medicine, Medical School of Chinese People & Apos's Liberation Army, Chinese People & Apos's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Department of Digestion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He B, Zhao Z, Cai Q, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Shi S, Xie H, Peng X, Yin W, Tao Y, Wang X. miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2628-2647. [PMID: 32792861 PMCID: PMC7415433 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of about 22 nucleotides in size, play important roles in gene regulation, and their dysregulation is implicated in human diseases including cancer. A variety of miRNAs could take roles in the cancer progression, participate in the process of tumor immune, and function with miRNA sponges. During the last two decades, the connection between miRNAs and various cancers has been widely researched. Based on evidence about miRNA, numerous potential cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis have been put forward, providing a new perspective on cancer screening. Besides, there are several miRNA-based therapies among different cancers being conducted, advanced treatments such as the combination of synergistic strategies and the use of complementary miRNAs provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients potentially. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that many miRNAs are engaged in the resistance of cancer therapies with their complex underlying regulatory mechanisms, whose comprehensive cognition can help clinicians and improve patient prognosis. With the belief that studies about miRNAs in human cancer would have great clinical implications, we attempt to summarize the current situation and potential development prospects in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
miR-6086 inhibits ovarian cancer angiogenesis by downregulating the OC2/VEGFA/EGFL6 axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:345. [PMID: 32393810 PMCID: PMC7214437 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as a pivotal component of gene regulatory networks, mediating cytokines secretion, cell cycle, and differentiation regulation. However, how miRNAs collaborate with transcription factors and downstream effector proteins that determine the fate of ovarian cancer cells remains to be understood, especially regarding to mechanism of tumor angiogenesis regulation. Based on the qRT-PCR and IHC analysis, we found that miR-6086 was maintained a very low level both in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues. Further, we identified OC2 and EGFL6 as the direct targets of miR-6086 by luciferase assay and we observed an inverse relationship between the expression of miR-6086 and the OC2/VEGFA/EGFL6 axis. The Western blotting analysis suggested that OC2 could directly upregulate VEGFA and indirectly up-regulate EGFL6 through VEGFA. Moreover, miR-6086 could indirectly downregulate VEGFA through OC2. In addition, miR-6086, siOC2 and siEGFL6 could negatively regulate the tumor growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer (Skov3) in the animal studies, with the inhibition rates of 77.07%, 69.89%, and 73.62%, respectively (**p < 0.01). Moreover, the tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines (Caov3 and Skov3) and vascular formation (HUVECs) were significantly suppressed in vitro, by decreasing the AKT/MAPK pathways (*p < 0.05). Taken together, our results reveal that miR-6086 can suppress the angiogenesis networks in ovarian cancer by down-regulating the OC2/VEGFA/EGFL6 axis, directly or indirectly, which may provide potential targets for tumor therapeutics.
Collapse
|
24
|
Alwanian WM, Tyner AL. Protein tyrosine kinase 6 signaling in prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2020; 8:1-8. [PMID: 32211448 PMCID: PMC7076292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
More than 25 years have passed since the discovery of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase distantly related to SRC family kinases. Since then, a variety of data suggest that PTK6 promotes oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis, generally dependent on its kinase activity. Increased PTK6 expression, activation at the plasma membrane and altered intracellular localization have been discovered in prostate cancers. While PTK6 is localized to nuclei of epithelial cells in normal prostate, it is relocalized and activated at the plasma membrane in prostate tumors. Active PTK6 interacts with and directly phosphorylates AKT, FAK and BCAR1 to promote oncogenic signaling. Furthermore, PTK6 can enhance the epithelial mesenchymal transition by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and inducing expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin, SLUG and ZEB1. Several lines of evidence suggest that PTK6 plays a role in Pten null prostate tumors. PTEN targets activating phosphorylation of PTK6 and loss of PTEN subsequently leads to PTK6 activation. Different studies provide compelling evidence as to why PTK6 is a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Here, we briefly review the advances and significance of PTK6 in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanian M Alwanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, The United States
| | - Angela L Tyner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, The United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marengo B, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. miRNA Regulation of Glutathione Homeostasis in Cancer Initiation, Progression and Therapy Resistance. Microrna 2020; 9:187-197. [PMID: 31849293 PMCID: PMC7366003 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666191218103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant that contributes to regulating the cellular production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which, maintained at physiological levels, can exert a function of second messengers in living organisms. In fact, it has been demonstrated that moderate amounts of ROS can activate the signaling pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation, while high levels of ROS induce DNA damage leading to cancer development. Therefore, GSH is a crucial player in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and its metabolism has a role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Our recent studies demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells resistant to etoposide, a common chemotherapeutic drug, show a partial monoallelic deletion of the locus coding for miRNA 15a and 16-1 leading to a loss of these miRNAs and the activation of GSH-dependent responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the role of specific miRNAs in the modulation of intracellular GSH levels in order to take into consideration the use of modulators of miRNA expression as a useful strategy to better sensitize tumors to current therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Tel: +39 010 3538831; Fax: +39 010 3538836; E-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang H, Huang H, Xu X, Wang H, Wang J, Yao Z, Xu X, Wu Q, Xu F. LncRNA HCG11 promotes proliferation and migration in gastric cancer via targeting miR-1276/CTNNB1 and activating Wnt signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:350. [PMID: 31889902 PMCID: PMC6933929 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one common cancer which occurs in the stomach leading to high mortality around the world. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found overexpressed or silenced in the occurrence and progression of multiple cancers including GC. Method The gene expression level in GC tissues and cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays were performed for the function analysis of HLA complex group 11 (HCG11). The mechanism study for HCG11 was conducted using RIP, RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays. Results HCG11 was discovered highly expressed in GC tissues and cells. Depletion experiments were used to evaluate HCG11 silence on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Moreover, Wnt signaling pathway was found as a tumor promoter in GC. RIP assay, RNA pull down assay and luciferase reporter assay were performed to illustrate the relationship of HCG11, miR-1276 and CTNNB1. Rescue assays revealed that HCG11/miR-1276/CTNNB1 axis regulated the incidence and development of GC. Tumor formation in mice proved that HCG11 was negatively correlated with miR-1276 and had positively correlation with CTNNB1. Conclusion Overall, HCG11 accelerated proliferation and migration in GC through miR-1276/CTNNB1 and Wnt signaling pathway, revealing that HCG11 could be a brand new target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Haitao Huang
- 2Department of Respiratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Haiying Wang
- 3Department of Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Zuoyi Yao
- 4Department of General surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- 5Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women's & Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu Riyue Avenue 1617, Chengdu, 610091 China
| | - Qian Wu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, No. 33 Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Fenlan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Jingming Road 377, Chengdu, 610066 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Murmann AE, Bartom ET, Schipma MJ, Vilker J, Chen S, Peter ME. 6mer Seed Toxicity in Viral microRNAs. iScience 2019; 23:100737. [PMID: 31838022 PMCID: PMC7033618 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short double-stranded noncoding RNAs (19-23 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by suppressing mRNAs through RNA interference. Targeting is determined by the seed sequence (position 2-7/8) of the mature miRNA. A minimal G-rich seed of just six nucleotides is highly toxic to cells by targeting genes essential for cell survival. A screen of 215 miRNAs encoded by 17 human pathogenic viruses (v-miRNAs) now suggests that a number of v-miRNAs can kill cells through a G-rich 6mer sequence embedded in their seed. Specifically, we demonstrate that miR-K12-6-5p, an oncoviral mimic of the tumor suppressive miR-15/16 family encoded by human Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus, harbors a noncanonical toxic 6mer seed (position 3-8) and that v-miRNAs are more likely than cellular miRNAs to utilize a noncanonical 6mer seed. Our data suggest that during evolution viruses evolved to use 6mer seed toxicity to kill cells. Tumor suppressive miR-15/16-5p with a toxic 6mer seed targets survival genes kshv-miR-K12-6-5p, a paralog of hsa-miR-15/16-5p carries an offset toxic 6mer seed A screen of 215 viral miRNAs identifies miRNAs that contain a toxic 6mer seed Many human viral miRNAs have the capacity to kill through 6mer seed toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Murmann
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacob Vilker
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Siquan Chen
- Cellular Screening Center, Institute for Genomics & Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|