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Tuning of Magnetoimpedance Effect and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich Glass-Coated Microwires by Joule Heating. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031053. [PMID: 35161798 PMCID: PMC8839147 DOI: 10.3390/s22031053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Joule heating on magnetic properties, giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and domain wall (DW) dynamics of Fe75B9Si12C4 glass-coated microwires was studied. A remarkable (up to an order of magnitude) increase in GMI ratio is observed in Joule heated samples in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1 GHz. In particular, an increase in GMI ratio, from 10% up to 140% at 200 MHz is observed in Joule heated samples. Hysteresis loops of annealed samples maintain a rectangular shape, while a slight decrease in coercivity from 93 A/m to 77 A/m, after treatment, is observed. On the other hand, a modification of MOKE hysteresis loops is observed upon Joule heating. Additionally, an improvement in DW dynamics after Joule heating is documented, achieving DW propagation velocities of up to 700 m/s. GMI ratio improvement along with the change in MOKE loops and DW dynamics improvement have been discussed considering magnetic anisotropy induced by Oersted magnetic fields in the surface layer during Joule heating and internal stress relaxation. A substantial GMI ratio improvement observed in Fe-rich Joule-heated microwires with a rectangular hysteresis loop and fast DW propagation, together with the fact that Fe is a more common and less expensive metal than Co, make them suitable for use in magnetic sensors.
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Corte-Leon P, Zhukova V, Chizhik A, Blanco JM, Ipatov M, Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Zhukov A. Magnetic Microwires with Unique Combination of Magnetic Properties Suitable for Various Magnetic Sensor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E7203. [PMID: 33339238 PMCID: PMC7767316 DOI: 10.3390/s20247203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing demand to improve the performance of cost-effective soft magnetic materials for use in high performance sensors and devices. Giant Magneto-impedance effect (GMI), or fast single domain wall (DW) propagation can be observed in properly processed magnetic microwires. In this paper we have identified the routes to obtain microwires with unique combination of magnetic properties allowing observation of fast and single DW propagation and GMI effect in the same microwire. By modifying the annealing conditions, we have found the appropriate regimes allowing achievement of the highest GMI ratio and the fastest DW dynamics. The observed experimental results are discussed considering the radial distribution of magnetic anisotropy and the correlation of GMI effect, and DW dynamics with bulk and surface magnetization processes. Studies of both Fe- and Co-rich microwires, using the magneto-optical Kerr effect, MOKE, provide information on the magnetic structure in the outer shell of microwires. We have demonstrated the existence of the spiral helical structure in both studied microwires. At the same time, torsion mechanical stresses induce helical bistability in the same microwires, which allow us to consider these microwires as materials suitable for sensors based on the large Barkhausen jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Corte-Leon
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Valentina Zhukova
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alexandr Chizhik
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Zhukova V, Corte-Leon P, González-Legarreta L, Talaat A, Blanco JM, Ipatov M, Olivera J, Zhukov A. Review of Domain Wall Dynamics Engineering in Magnetic Microwires. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122407. [PMID: 33271953 PMCID: PMC7760585 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of magnetic anisotropy, post-processing conditions, and defects on the domain wall (DW) dynamics of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe-, Ni-, and Co-rich microwires with spontaneous and annealing-induced magnetic bistability has been thoroughly analyzed, with an emphasis placed on the influence of magnetoelastic, induced and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. Minimizing magnetoelastic anisotropy, either by the selection of a chemical composition with a low magnetostriction coefficient or by heat treatment, is an appropriate route for DW dynamics optimization in magnetic microwires. Stress-annealing allows further improvement of DW velocity and hence is a promising method for optimization of DW dynamics in magnetic microwires. The origin of current-driven DW propagation in annealing-induced magnetic bistability is attributed to magnetostatic interaction of outer domain shell with transverse magnetization orientation and inner axially magnetized core. The beneficial influence of the stress-annealing on DW dynamics has been explained considering that it allows increasing of the volume of outer domain shell with transverse magnetization orientation at the expense of decreasing the radius of inner axially magnetized core. Such transverse magnetic anisotropy can similarly affect the DW dynamics as the applied transverse magnetic field and hence is beneficial for DW dynamics optimization. Stress-annealing allows designing the magnetic anisotropy distribution more favorable for the DW dynamics improvement. Results on DW dynamics in various families of nanocrystalline microwires are provided. The role of saturation magnetization on DW mobility improvement is discussed. The DW shape, its correlation with the magnetic anisotropy constant and the microwire diameter, as well as manipulation of the DW shape by induced magnetic anisotropy are discussed. The engineering of DW propagation through local stress-annealing and DW collision is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zhukova
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (L.G.-L.); (A.T.); (M.I.)
- Department Applied Physics I, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +34-943-01-8611 (A.Z.)
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (L.G.-L.); (A.T.); (M.I.)
- Department Applied Physics I, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Lorena González-Legarreta
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (L.G.-L.); (A.T.); (M.I.)
- Department QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ahmed Talaat
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (L.G.-L.); (A.T.); (M.I.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Department Applied Physics I, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (L.G.-L.); (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Jesus Olivera
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Autopista Duarte, Km 1 ½, 51000 Santiago, Dominican Republic;
- Laboratorio de la Dirección General de Aduanas, Carlos Sánchez, Esquina Lope de Vega, Ensanche Naco, 10119 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (L.G.-L.); (A.T.); (M.I.)
- Department Applied Physics I, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +34-943-01-8611 (A.Z.)
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Optimization of Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Microwires by Post-Processing. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of post-processing conditions on the magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline microwires has been thoroughly analyzed, paying attention to the influence of magnetoelastic, induced and magnetocrystalline anisotropies on the hysteresis loops of Fe-, Ni-, and Co-rich microwires. We showed that magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires can be tuned by the selection of appropriate chemical composition and geometry in as-prepared state or further considerably modified by appropriate post-processing, which consists of either annealing or glass-coated removal. Furthermore, stress-annealing or Joule heating can further effectively modify the magnetic properties of amorphous magnetic microwires owing to induced magnetic anisotropy. Devitrification of microwires can be useful for either magnetic softening or magnetic hardening of the microwires. Depending on the chemical composition of the metallic nucleus and on structural features (grain size, precipitating phases), nanocrystalline microwires can exhibit either soft magnetic properties or semi-hard magnetic properties. We demonstrated that the microwires with coercivities from 1 A/m to 40 kA/m can be prepared.
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Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Corte-Leon P, Zhukova V, Ipatov M, Blanco JM, Gonzalez J, Zhukov A. Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1558. [PMID: 32168845 PMCID: PMC7146292 DOI: 10.3390/s20061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic microwires can present excellent soft magnetic properties and a giant magnetoimpedance effect. In this paper, we present our last results on the effect of postprocessing allowing optimization of the magnetoimpedance effect in Co-rich microwires suitable for magnetic microsensor applications. Giant magnetoimpedance effect improvement was achieved either by annealing or stress-annealing. Annealed Co-rich presents rectangular hysteresis loops. However, an improvement in magnetoimpedance ratio is observed at fairly high annealing temperatures over a wide frequency range. Application of stress during annealing at moderate values of annealing temperatures and stress allows for a remarkable decrease in coercivity and increase in squareness ratio and further giant magnetoimpedance effect improvement. Stress-annealing, carried out at sufficiently high temperatures and/or stress allowed induction of transverse magnetic anisotropy, as well as magnetoimpedance effect improvement. Enhanced magnetoimpedance ratio values for annealed and stress-annealed samples and frequency dependence of the magnetoimpedance are discussed in terms of the radial distribution of the magnetic anisotropy. Accordingly, we demonstrated that the giant magnetoimpedance effect of Co-rich microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetic anisotropy of Co-rich microwires, using appropriate thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad de Química, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (M.I.)
- Dpto. QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad de Química, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (M.I.)
- Dpto. de Fisica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Valentina Zhukova
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad de Química, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (M.I.)
- Dpto. de Fisica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad de Química, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (M.I.)
- Dpto. de Fisica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Dpto. de Fisica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Julian Gonzalez
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad de Química, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (M.I.)
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad de Química, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (L.G.-L.); (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (M.I.)
- Dpto. de Fisica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 San Sebastian, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Zhukova V, Corte-Leon P, Ipatov M, Blanco JM, Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Zhukov A. Development of Magnetic Microwires for Magnetic Sensor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4767. [PMID: 31684037 PMCID: PMC6864710 DOI: 10.3390/s19214767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thin magnetic wires can present excellent soft magnetic properties (with coercivities up to 4 A/m), Giant Magneto-impedance effect, GMI, or rectangular hysteresis loops combined with quite fast domain wall, DW, propagation. In this paper we overview the magnetic properties of thin magnetic wires and post-processing allowing optimization of their magnetic properties for magnetic sensor applications. We concluded that the GMI effect, magnetic softness or DW dynamics of microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetoelastic anisotropy of as-prepared microwires or controlling their internal stresses and domain structure by appropriate thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zhukova
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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