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Pijpe A, Papendorp SG, van der Heijden JW, Vermin B, Ertugrul I, Ritt MWJ, Stessel B, Callebaut I, Beishuizen A, Vlig M, Jimmink J, Huijgen HJ, van Zuijlen PPM, Middelkoop E, de Jong E. Efficacy of Alkaline Phosphatase in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicentre Investigator-Initiated Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biomedicines 2024; 12:723. [PMID: 38672081 PMCID: PMC11048668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to identify therapies to treat hospitalised patients with COVID-19 are being continued. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) dephosphorylates pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into anti-inflammatory adenosine. METHODS In a randomised controlled trial, we investigated the safety and efficacy of AP in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ICU. AP or a placebo was administered for four days following admission to the ICU. The primary outcome was the duration of mechanical ventilation. Mortality in 28 days, acute kidney injury, need for reintubation, safety, and inflammatory markers relevant to the described high cytokine release associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS Between December 2020 and March 2022, 97 patients (of the intended 132) were included, of which 51 were randomised to AP. The trial was terminated prematurely based on meeting the threshold for futility. Compared to the placebo, AP did not affect the duration of mechanical ventilation (9.0 days vs. 9.3 days, p = 1.0). No safety issues were observed. After 28 days, mortality was 9 (18%) in the AP group versus 6 (13%) in the placebo group (p = 0.531). Additionally, no statistically significant differences between the AP and the placebo were observed for the other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Alkaline phosphatase (AP) therapy in COVID-19 ICU patients showed no significant benefits in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Pijpe
- Department of Intensive Care, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (S.G.P.)
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.v.Z.); (E.M.)
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephan G. Papendorp
- Department of Intensive Care, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (S.G.P.)
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost W. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands;
| | - Ben Vermin
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands; (B.V.)
| | - Iris Ertugrul
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands; (B.V.)
| | - Michael W. J. Ritt
- Department of Intensive Care, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Björn Stessel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.S.); (I.C.)
- LCRC, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ina Callebaut
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.S.); (I.C.)
- LCRC, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Albertus Beishuizen
- Intensive Care Center, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Koningsplein 1, 7512 KZ Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost Jimmink
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Henk J. Huijgen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Red Cross Hospital, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul P. M. van Zuijlen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.v.Z.); (E.M.)
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Surgical Center, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Middelkoop
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.v.Z.); (E.M.)
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Evelien de Jong
- Department of Intensive Care, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (S.G.P.)
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
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Garcés P, Amaro A, Montecino M, van Zundert B. Inorganic polyphosphate: from basic research to diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in ALS/FTD. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:123-135. [PMID: 38323662 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a simple, negatively charged biopolymer with chain lengths ranging from just a few to over a thousand ortho-phosphate (Pi) residues. polyP is detected in every cell type across all organisms in nature thus far analyzed. Despite its structural simplicity, polyP has been shown to play important roles in a remarkably broad spectrum of biological processes, including blood coagulation, bone mineralization and inflammation. Furthermore, polyP has been implicated in brain function and the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we first address the challenges associated with identifying mammalian polyP metabolizing enzymes, such as Nudt3, and quantifying polyP levels in brain tissue, cultured neural cells and cerebrospinal fluid. Subsequently, we focus on recent studies that unveil how the excessive release of polyP by human and mouse ALS/FTD astrocytes contributes to these devastating diseases by inducing hyperexcitability, leading to motoneuron death. Potential implications of elevated polyP levels in ALS/FTD patients for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are explored. It is emphasized, however, that caution is required in targeting polyP in the brain due to its diverse physiological functions, serving as an energy source, a chelator for divalent cations and a scaffold for amyloidogenic proteins. Reducing polyP levels, especially in neurons, might thus have adverse effects in brain functioning. Finally, we discuss how activated mast cells and platelets also can significantly contribute to ALS progression, as they can massively release polyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polett Garcés
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Armando Amaro
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Montecino
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMMS), Worcester, MA, U.S.A
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Wang Z, Li J, Jing J, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Liu T, Lin J, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang A, Meng X. Impact of alkaline phosphatase on clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide registry analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1336069. [PMID: 38419697 PMCID: PMC10899335 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1336069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the association between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) are inconsistent and limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between ALP and prognosis in patients with IS. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) from the Third China National Stroke Registry were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of serum ALP levels on admission. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the correlation between ALP and the risk of all-cause mortality, disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 3-5), and poor functional outcomes (mRS score 3-6). Results A total of 11,405 patients were included in the study. Higher levels of ALP were associated with all-cause mortality at 3 months (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation [SD]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.27; p = 0.001) and 1 year (adjusted HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20; p = 0.010). At the 3-month follow-up, each SD increase of ALP was associated with a 12 and 14% higher risk of disability (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18; p < 0.001) and poor functional outcomes (adjusted OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed at the 1-year follow-up. Higher ALP levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, disability, and poor functional outcomes in patients with "others" subtypes (including other determined etiology and undetermined etiology) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated ALP levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, disability, and poor function outcomes in patients with IS. Heterogeneity was observed among the subtypes of different etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Lin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Opdebeeck B, Huysmans I, Van den Branden A, Orriss IR, D'Haese PC, Verhulst A. Deletion of the P2Y 2 receptor aggravates internal elastic lamina calcification in chronic kidney disease mice through upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and lipocalin-2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22701. [PMID: 36520031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201044r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcification of the medial layer, inducing arterial stiffness, contributes significantly to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Extracellular nucleotides block the mineralization of arteries by binding to purinergic receptors including the P2Y2 receptor. This study investigates whether deletion of the P2Y2 receptor influences the development of arterial media calcification in CKD mice. Animals were divided into: (i) wild type mice with normal renal function (control diet) (n = 8), (ii) P2Y2 R-/- mice with normal renal function (n = 8), (iii) wild type mice with CKD (n = 27), and (iv) P2Y2 R-/- mice with CKD (n = 22). To induce CKD, animals received an alternating (0.2-0.3%) adenine diet for 7 weeks. All CKD groups developed a similar degree of chronic renal failure as reflected by high serum creatinine and phosphorus levels. Also, the presence of CKD induced calcification in the heart and medial layer of the aortic wall. However, deletion of the P2Y2 receptor makes CKD mice more susceptible to the development of calcification in the heart and aorta (aortic calcium scores (median ± IQR), CKD-wild type: 0.34 ± 4.3 mg calcium/g wet tissue and CKD-P2Y2 R-/- : 4.0 ± 13.2 mg calcium/g wet tissue). As indicated by serum and aortic mRNA markers, this P2Y2 R-/- mediated increase in CKD-related arterial media calcification was associated with an elevation of calcification stimulators, including alkaline phosphatase and inflammatory molecules interleukin-6 and lipocalin 2. The P2Y2 receptor should be considered as an interesting therapeutic target for tackling CKD-related arterial media calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Opdebeeck
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ine Huysmans
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Astrid Van den Branden
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Laurain A, Rubera I, Razzouk-Cadet M, Bonnafous S, Albuquerque M, Paradis V, Patouraux S, Duranton C, Lesaux O, Lefthériotis G, Tran A, Anty R, Gual P, Iannelli A, Favre G. Arterial Calcifications in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Are Linked to Hepatic Deficiency of Pyrophosphate Production Restored by Liver Transplantation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1496. [PMID: 35884801 PMCID: PMC9312703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is associated with arterial calcification (AC). Since the liver is a source of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an anti-calcifying compound, we investigated the relationship between plasma PPi ([PPi]pl), liver fibrosis, liver function, AC, and the hepatic expression of genes regulating PPi homeostasis. To that aim, we compared [PPi]pl before liver transplantation (LT) and 3 months after LT. We also assessed the expression of four key regulators of PPi in liver tissues and established correlations between AC, and scores of liver fibrosis and liver failure in these patients. LT candidates with various liver diseases were included. AC scores were assessed in coronary arteries, abdominal aorta, and aortic valves. Liver fibrosis was evaluated on liver biopsies and from non-invasive tests (FIB-4 and APRI scores). Liver functions were assessed by measuring serum albumin, ALBI, MELD, and Pugh−Child scores. An enzymatic assay was used to dose [PPi]pl. A group of patients without liver alterations from a previous cohort provided a control group. Gene expression assays were performed with mRNA extracted from liver biopsies and compared between LT recipients and the control individuals. [PPi]pl negatively correlated with APRI (r = −0.57, p = 0.001, n = 29) and FIB-4 (r = −0.47, p = 0.006, n = 29) but not with interstitial fibrosis index from liver biopsies (r = 0.07, p = 0.40, n = 16). Serum albumin positively correlated with [PPi]pl (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001, n = 20). ALBI, MELD, and Pugh−Child scores correlated negatively with [PPi]pl (r = −0.60, p = 0.0005; r = −0.56, p = 0.002; r = −0.41, p = 0.02, respectively, with n = 20). Liver fibrosis assessed on liver biopsies by FIB-4 and by APRI positively correlated with coronary AC (r = 0.51, p = 0.02, n = 16; r = 0.58, p = 0.009, n = 20; r = 0.41, p = 0.04, n = 20, respectively) and with abdominal aorta AC (r = 0.50, p = 0.02, n = 16; r = 0.67, p = 0.002, n = 20; r = 0.61, p = 0.04, n = 20, respectively). FIB-4 also positively correlated with aortic valve calcification (r = 0.40, p = 0.046, n = 20). The key regulator genes of PPi production in liver were lower in patients undergoing liver transplantation as compared to controls. Three months after surgery, serum albumin levels were restored to physiological levels (40 [37−44] vs. 35 [30−40], p = 0.009) and [PPi]pl was normalized (1.40 [1.07−1.86] vs. 0.68 [0.53−0.80] µmol/L, p = 0.0005, n = 12). Liver failure and/or fibrosis correlated with AC in several arterial beds and were associated with low plasma PPi and dysregulation of key proteins involved in PPi homeostasis. Liver transplantation normalized these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Laurain
- Department of Nephrology, Pasteur 1 University Hospital, 06001 Nice, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- LP2M CNRS UMR 7370, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Rubera
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- LP2M CNRS UMR 7370, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Bonnafous
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol” Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M) Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED? 151 Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France
- Digestive Unit, Archet 2 University Hospital, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Miguel Albuquerque
- Pathology Department, Beaujon University Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France; (M.A.); (V.P.)
- Inserm U1149, Beaujon University Hospital, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Pathology Department, Beaujon University Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France; (M.A.); (V.P.)
- Inserm U1149, Beaujon University Hospital, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Stéphanie Patouraux
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- Pathology Department, Pasteur 1 University Hospital, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Christophe Duranton
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- LP2M CNRS UMR 7370, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Olivier Lesaux
- Department Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813-5534, USA;
| | - Georges Lefthériotis
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- LP2M CNRS UMR 7370, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06000 Nice, France
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Surgery, Pasteur 1 University Hospital, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol” Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M) Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED? 151 Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France
- Digestive Unit, Archet 2 University Hospital, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol” Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M) Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED? 151 Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France
- Digestive Unit, Archet 2 University Hospital, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol” Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M) Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED? 151 Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol” Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M) Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED? 151 Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France
- Digestive Unit, Archet 2 University Hospital, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Department of Nephrology, Pasteur 1 University Hospital, 06001 Nice, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, University of Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France; (I.R.); (S.B.); (S.P.); (C.D.); (G.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (P.G.); (A.I.)
- LP2M CNRS UMR 7370, Tour Pasteur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06000 Nice, France
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Alkaline Phosphatase: An Old Friend as Treatment Target for Cardiovascular and Mineral Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102124. [PMID: 35631265 PMCID: PMC9144546 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an evolutionary conserved enzyme and widely used biomarker in clinical practice. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is one of four human isozymes that are expressed as distinct TNALP isoforms after posttranslational modifications, mainly in bone, liver, and kidney tissues. Beyond the well-known effects on bone mineralization, the bone ALP (BALP) isoforms (B/I, B1, B1x, and B2) are also involved in the pathogenesis of ectopic calcification. This narrative review summarizes the recent clinical investigations and mechanisms that link ALP and BALP to inflammation, metabolic syndrome, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. The association between ALP, vitamin K, bone metabolism, and fracture risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also discussed. Recent advances in different pharmacological strategies are highlighted, with the potential to modulate the expression of ALP directly and indirectly in CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), e.g., epigenetic modulation, phosphate binders, calcimimetics, vitamin D, and other anti-fracture treatments. We conclude that the significant evidence for ALP as a pathogenic factor and risk marker in CKD-MBD supports the inclusion of concrete treatment targets for ALP in clinical guidelines. While a target value below 120 U/L is associated with improved survival, further experimental and clinical research should explore interventional strategies with optimal risk–benefit profiles. The future holds great promise for novel drug therapies modulating ALP.
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Gao YL, Liu YC, Zhang X, Shou ST, Chai YF. Insight Into Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:830784. [PMID: 35370925 PMCID: PMC8965708 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.830784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction during sepsis, and is associated with increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Despite the high incidence and clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms driving SAE pathogenesis are not yet fully understood, and no specific therapeutic strategies are available. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a role in SAE pathogenesis, thought to be related with alleviation of sepsis-induced hyper-inflammation and immune responses, promotion of T helper (Th) 2 cells functional shift, neuroinflammation resolution, improvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, among others. Moreover, in a clinical point of view, these cells have the potential value of improving neurological and psychiatric/mental symptoms in SAE patients. This review aims to provide a general overview of SAE from its initial clinical presentation to long-term cognitive impairment and summarizes the main features of its pathogenesis. Additionally, a detailed overview on the main mechanisms by which Tregs may impact SAE pathogenesis is given. Finally, and considering that Tregs may be a novel target for immunomodulatory intervention in SAE, different therapeutic options, aiming to boost peripheral and brain infiltration of Tregs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Yu-lei Gao
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai
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8
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Gao YL, Yao Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Meng XL, Chen XS, Wang CL, Liu YC, Tian X, Shou ST, Chai YF. Regulatory T Cells: Angels or Demons in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:829210. [PMID: 35281010 PMCID: PMC8914284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to an infection. Sepsis, especially septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity, high mortality, and prolonged after-effects. Over the past 20 years, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been a key topic of focus in all stages of sepsis research. Tregs play a controversial role in sepsis based on their heterogeneous characteristics, complex organ/tissue-specific patterns in the host, the multi-dimensional heterogeneous syndrome of sepsis, the different types of pathogenic microbiology, and even different types of laboratory research models and clinical research methods. In the context of sepsis, Tregs may be considered both angels and demons. We propose that the symptoms and signs of sepsis can be attenuated by regulating Tregs. This review summarizes the controversial roles and Treg checkpoints in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai, ; Yu-lei Gao,
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People’s Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-long Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-sen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao-lan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Qiansong Technology Development Company, Beijing, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai, ; Yu-lei Gao,
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9
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PHOSPHATASE ALKALINE LEVELS ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOMES IN SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE PATIENTS. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 215:107185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Zheng JL, Wang D, Chen X, Song HZ, Xiang LP, Yu HX, Peng LB, Zhu QL. Nutritional-status dependent effects of microplastics on activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase and alpha-amylase in Brachionus rotundiformis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150213. [PMID: 34571232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and alpha-amylase (AMY) are essential in the immune and digestive systems, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) pose a risk to zooplankton which may be in a state of feeding, starvation, or subsequent refeeding. However, molecular characterization of both enzymes and the regulated mechanisms affected by nutritional statuses and MPs remain unclear in zooplankton. In the present study, four full-length genes encoding ALPL and two genes encoding AMY were cloned and characterized from an isolated marine rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis, including alplA, alplB, alplC, alplD, amy2a, and amy2al. AMY activity and expression of amy2a and amy2al were reduced by starvation and recovered after refeeding compared with feeding. ALPL activity remained unchanged among different statuses, while alplA, alplB and alplD were down-regulated by starvation and refeeding compared with feeding. ALPL activity was not affected by exposure to 10, 100 and 1000 μg/L MPs in rotifers subjected to feeding, starvation and refeeding, whereas AMY activity was significantly enhanced by 1000 μg/L MPs in rotifers subjected to refeeding. Gene expression of the tested genes, except amy2a, was significantly responsive to MPs, especially in the feeding rotifers, depending on MPs concentrations and nutritional statuses. Two-way ANOVA confirmed that these changes were strongly associated with the interaction between MPs concentrations and nutritional statuses. The present study is the first to demonstrate a nutritional status-dependent impact of MPs on immune and digestive responses, and provides more sensitive molecular biomarkers for assessing MPs toxicity using the species as model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Hong-Zi Song
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Han-Xiu Yu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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11
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Le‐Vinh B, Akkuş‐Dağdeviren ZB, Le NN, Nazir I, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Alkaline Phosphatase: A Reliable Endogenous Partner for Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le‐Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Zeynep Burcu Akkuş‐Dağdeviren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Nguyet‐Minh Nguyen Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
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12
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Goettsch C, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bessueille L, Quillard T, Mechtouff L, Pikula S, Canet-Soulas E, Luis MJ, Fonta C, Magne D. TNAP as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular calcification: a discussion of its pleiotropic functions in the body. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:84-96. [PMID: 33070177 PMCID: PMC8752354 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It develops in several diseases and locations, such as in the tunica intima in atherosclerosis plaques, in the tunica media in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and in aortic valves. In spite of the wide occurrence of CVC and its detrimental effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), no treatment is yet available. Most of CVC involve mechanisms similar to those occurring during endochondral and/or intramembranous ossification. Logically, since tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is the key-enzyme responsible for skeletal/dental mineralization, it is a promising target to limit CVC. Tools have recently been developed to inhibit its activity and preclinical studies conducted in animal models of vascular calcification already provided promising results. Nevertheless, as its name indicates, TNAP is ubiquitous and recent data indicate that it dephosphorylates different substrates in vivo to participate in other important physiological functions besides mineralization. For instance, TNAP is involved in the metabolism of pyridoxal phosphate and the production of neurotransmitters. TNAP has also been described as an anti-inflammatory enzyme able to dephosphorylate adenosine nucleotides and lipopolysaccharide. A better understanding of the full spectrum of TNAP's functions is needed to better characterize the effects of TNAP inhibition in diseases associated with CVC. In this review, after a brief description of the different types of CVC, we describe the newly uncovered additional functions of TNAP and discuss the expected consequences of its systemic inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental
Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
(ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment
Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- PHY-OS Laboratory, UMR 1238 INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU
de Nantes, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- CREATIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1044, Université Claude Bernard
Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental
Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Millan Jose Luis
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery
Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caroline Fonta
- Brain and Cognition Research Center CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Université de
Toulouse, France
| | - David Magne
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
(ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment
Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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13
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Sekaran S, Vimalraj S, Thangavelu L. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase beyond Mineralization. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111564. [PMID: 34827562 PMCID: PMC8615537 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key enzyme responsible for skeletal tissue mineralization. It is involved in the dephosphorylation of various physiological substrates, and has vital physiological functions, including extra-skeletal functions, such as neuronal development, detoxification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an anti-inflammatory role, bile pH regulation, and the maintenance of the blood brain barrier (BBB). TNAP is also implicated in ectopic pathological calcification of soft tissues, especially the vasculature. Although it is the crucial enzyme in mineralization of skeletal and dental tissues, it is a logical clinical target to attenuate vascular calcification. Various tools and studies have been developed to inhibit its activity to arrest soft tissue mineralization. However, we should not neglect its other physiological functions prior to therapies targeting TNAP. Therefore, a better understanding into the mechanisms mediated by TNAP is needed for minimizing off targeted effects and aid in the betterment of various pathological scenarios. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of mineralization and functions of TNAP beyond its primary role of hard tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India;
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14
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Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) as the Enzyme Involved in the Degradation of Nucleotide Analogues in the Ligand Docking and Molecular Dynamics Approaches. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081104. [PMID: 34439771 PMCID: PMC8391816 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is known to be involved in the degradation of extracellular ATP via the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi). We investigated, using three different computational methods, namely molecular docking, thermodynamic integration (TI) and conventional molecular dynamics (MD), whether TNAP may also be involved in the utilization of β,γ-modified ATP analogues. For that, we analyzed the interaction of bisphosphonates with this enzyme and evaluated the obtained structures using in silico studies. Complexes formed between pyrophosphate, hypophosphate, imidodiphosphate, methylenediphosphonic acid monothiopyrophosphate, alendronate, pamidronate and zoledronate with TNAP were generated and analyzed based on ligand docking, molecular dynamics and thermodynamic integration. The obtained results indicate that all selected ligands show high affinity toward this enzyme. The forming complexes are stabilized through hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces. Short- and middle-term molecular dynamics simulations yielded very similar affinity results and confirmed the stability of the protein and its complexes. The results suggest that certain effectors may have a significant impact on the enzyme, changing its properties.
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15
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Nwafor DC, Brichacek AL, Ali A, Brown CM. Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase in Central Nervous System Health and Disease: A Focus on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5257. [PMID: 34067629 PMCID: PMC8156423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is an ectoenzyme bound to the plasma membranes of numerous cells via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. TNAP's function is well-recognized from earlier studies establishing its important role in bone mineralization. TNAP is also highly expressed in cerebral microvessels; however, its function in brain cerebral microvessels is poorly understood. In recent years, few studies have begun to delineate a role for TNAP in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs)-a key component of cerebral microvessels. This review summarizes important information on the role of BMEC TNAP, and its implication in health and disease. Furthermore, we discuss current models and tools that may assist researchers in elucidating the function of TNAP in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine C. Nwafor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.C.N.); (A.A.)
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Allison L. Brichacek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Ahsan Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.C.N.); (A.A.)
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.C.N.); (A.A.)
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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16
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Nwafor DC, Brown CM. A novel role for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase at the blood-brain barrier during sepsis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:99-100. [PMID: 32788453 PMCID: PMC7818867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Divine C Nwafor
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Health Science Center; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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17
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Zimmermann H. History of ectonucleotidases and their role in purinergic signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114322. [PMID: 33161020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are key for purinergic signaling. They control the duration of activity of purinergic receptor agonists. At the same time, they produce hydrolysis products as additional ligands of purinergic receptors. Due to the considerable diversity of enzymes, purinergic receptor ligands and purinergic receptors, deciphering the impact of extracellular purinergic receptor control has become a challenge. The first group of enzymes described were the alkaline phosphatases - at the time not as nucleotide-metabolizing but as nonspecific phosphatases. Enzymes now referred to as nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase were the first and only nucleotide-specific ectonucleotidases identified. And they were the first group of enzymes related to purinergic signaling. Additional research brought to light a surprising number of ectoenzymes with broad substrate specificity, which can also hydrolyze nucleotides. This short overview traces the development of the field and briefly highlights important results and benefits for therapies of human diseases achieved within nearly a century of investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Goethe University, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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18
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Nwafor DC, Chakraborty S, Jun S, Brichacek AL, Dransfeld M, Gemoets DE, Dakhlallah D, Brown CM. Disruption of metabolic, sleep, and sensorimotor functional outcomes in a female transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112983. [PMID: 33137399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia globally, and the number of individuals with AD diagnosis is expected to double by 2050. Numerous preclinical AD studies have shown that AD neuropathology accompanies alteration in learning and memory. However, less attention has been given to alterations in metabolism, sleep, and sensorimotor functional outcomes during AD pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the extent to which metabolic activity, sleep-wake cycle, and sensorimotor function is impaired in APPSwDI/Nos2-/- (CVN-AD) transgenic mice. Female mice were used in this study because AD is more prevalent in women compared to men. We hypothesized that the presence of AD neuropathology in CVN-AD mice would accompany alterations in metabolic activity, sleep, and sensorimotor function. Our results showed that CVN-AD mice had significantly decreased energy expenditure compared to wild-type (WT) mice. An examination of associated functional outcome parameters showed that sleep activity was elevated during the awake (dark) cycle and as well as an overall decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity. An additional functional parameter, the nociceptive response to thermal stimuli, was also impaired in CVN-AD mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate CVN-AD mice exhibit alterations in functional parameters that resemble human-AD clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine C Nwafor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Sujung Jun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Allison L Brichacek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Margaret Dransfeld
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Darren E Gemoets
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Cancer Institute, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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