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Zhou J, Yang J, Dong Y, Shi Y, Zhu E, Yuan H, Li X, Wang B. Oncostatin M receptor regulates osteoblast differentiation via extracellular signal-regulated kinase/autophagy signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:278. [PMID: 35765036 PMCID: PMC9241272 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), as one of the receptors for oncostatin M (OSM), has previously been shown to mediate the stimulatory role of OSM in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. However, it remains to be clarified whether and how OSMR affects the differentiation of osteoblasts. Methods The expression level of OSMR during osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation was examined. The role of OSMR in the differentiation was investigated using in vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. The mechanisms by which OSMR regulates bone cell differentiation were explored. Finally, in vivo function of OSMR in cell fate determination and bone homeostasis was studied after transplantation of OSMR-silenced bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to the marrow of ovariectomized mice. Results OSMR was regulated during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of marrow stromal progenitor cells and increased in the metaphysis of ovariectomized mice. OSMR suppressed osteogenic differentiation and stimulated adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that OSMR inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and autophagy signaling. The downregulation of autophagy, which was mediated by ERK inhibition, suppressed osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Additionally, inactivation of ERK/autophagy signaling attenuated the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation induced by Osmr siRNA. Furthermore, transplantation of BMSCs in which OSMR was silenced to the marrow of mice promoted osteoblast differentiation, attenuated fat accumulation and osteoclast differentiation, and thereby relieved the osteopenic phenotype in the ovariectomized mice. Conclusions Our study has for the first time established the direct role of OSMR in regulating osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal progenitor cells through ERK-mediated autophagy signaling. OSMR thus contributes to bone homeostasis through dual regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It also suggests that OSMR may be a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02958-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junying Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi-Xiang-Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi-Xiang-Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Hairui Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi-Xiang-Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Recent Advances in the Management of Relapsed and Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060964. [PMID: 35743749 PMCID: PMC9225101 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of heterogeneous lymphomas with poor overall prognosis, particularly in the setting of relapsed/refractory PTCL. Given the limited efficacy of current therapies, several different novel therapies encompassing multiple different mechanisms of action have been evaluated for relapsed and refractory PTCLs. In this review, we explore the current standard of care for relapsed/refractory PTCL, and evaluate in depth novel and emerging therapies, their scientific basis, and current trials for relapsed/refractory PTCL.
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Hue SSS, Ng SB, Wang S, Tan SY. Cellular Origins and Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal NK- and T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2483. [PMID: 35626087 PMCID: PMC9139583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system, which must ensure appropriate immune responses to both pathogens and commensal microflora, comprises innate lymphoid cells and various T-cell subsets, including intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs). An example of innate lymphoid cells is natural killer cells, which may be classified into tissue-resident, CD56bright NK-cells that serve a regulatory function and more mature, circulating CD56dim NK-cells with effector cytolytic properties. CD56bright NK-cells in the gastrointestinal tract give rise to indolent NK-cell enteropathy and lymphomatoid gastropathy, as well as the aggressive extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, the latter following activation by EBV infection and neoplastic transformation. Conventional CD4+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αβ+ TCRαβ+ T-cells are located in the lamina propria and the intraepithelial compartment of intestinal mucosa as type 'a' IELs. They are the putative cells of origin for CD4+ and CD8+ indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal T-cell lymphoma, NOS. In addition to such conventional T-cells, there are non-conventional T-cells in the intra-epithelial compartment that express CD8αα and innate lymphoid cells that lack TCRs. The central feature of type 'b' IELs is the expression of CD8αα homodimers, seen in monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), which primarily arises from both CD8αα+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αα+ TCRγδ+ IELs. EATL is the other epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in the GI tract, a subset of which arises from the expansion and reprograming of intracytoplasmic CD3+ innate lymphoid cells, driven by IL15 and mutations of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
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Low ZY, Yip AJW, Lal SK. Repositioning anticancer drugs as novel COVID-19 antivirals: targeting structural and functional similarities between viral proteins and cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:1-23. [PMID: 35450545 PMCID: PMC9114731 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic contributed by the SARS-CoV-2 has put in place an urgent need for new and promising antiviral therapeutics. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme plays a vital role in viral replication for all RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, thereby making it a prime and promising candidate for novel antiviral targeting. Interestingly, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a common catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme in many cancers, has also been identified with structural and functional similarities to the viral RdRp. Therefore, it becomes essential to evaluate and consider anticancer drugs that target hTERT towards antiviral RdRp activity, and vice versa. For instance, Floxuridine, an hTERT inhibitor, and VX-222, a hepatitis C virus RdRp inhibitor, are now gaining recognition as a potential antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and anti-hTERT for cancer, simultaneously. While limited studies on hTERT inhibitors for use as viral RdRp, and anti-RdRp inhibitors as hTERT inhibitors are available, in this review, we aim at bringing to light this close structural and functional relationship between both these enzymes. We punctuate this idea with specific examples on how potential anticancer inhibitors can effectively be brought to use as inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a relatively new pathogen, compared to the very well-studied field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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AKDENİZ A, YILMAZ N, KOYUNCU MB, TOMBAK A. Outcome in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma treated with pralatrexate, single center experience. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.984313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Chen X, Fan S, Zhao Y, Zhou J. Gene mutations in acute promyelocytic leukemia early death in patients treated with arsenic trioxide alone. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2171-2180. [PMID: 33942222 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE APL patients have recurrent alterations in FLT3, WT1, NRAS and KRAS. Gene mutations have a strong potential for involvement in pathogenesis and may have potential effects on the clinical manifestations. Gene mutations may even be associated with early death (ED) in APL patients. However, there is little published information on mutations in APL patients and whether they are attributed to early death. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and gene mutations of 134 de novo APL patients. We detected the gene mutations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the genetic predictors of early death in APL patients. According to the number of gene mutations per patient, the 134 APL patients were divided into three groups. All patients received arsenic trioxide (ATO) alone as induction therapy. The clinical data and gene mutations were compared and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 134 APL patients were involved in the study. The clinical data of sex, WBC, PT, and DD, UA, and LDH level were significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.009, P = 0.020, P = 0.030, P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Meanwhile, among them, the Sanz risk stratification and early death rate were significantly different (P = 0.001). The early death rate was 10.4%, and the median time to early death was 6.6 days (range 2-15 days). For the next-generation sequencing, a mean of 1.28 ± 1.06 mutations per patient was detected (range: 0-5). The univariate and the multivariate regression analysis showed that age > 50[HR = 1.666, CI (1.027-2.702), P = 0.039], high WBC count [HR = 4.702, CI (1.026-21.543), P = 0.046] and low ALB levels [HR = 4.547, CI (1.088-18.995), P = 0.038] were independent risk factors for early death in APL patients. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate analysis, and the multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with multiple gene mutations [HR = 2.258, CI (1.115-4.571), P = 0.024], KRAS [HR = 5.136, CI (1.356-19.455), P = 0.016] and/or GATA2 [HR = 4.070, CI (1.287-12.877), P = 0.017] have a significantly higher early death rate. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation show that both molecular markers and clinical variables should be used as potential predictors for early death in APL patients. Our results suggested that age > 50, high WBC count, low ALB levels, and the presence of multiple gene mutations, KRAS and/or GATA2 at the time of diagnosis were independent risk factors for early death in APL patients. For these patients, clinicians should be more cautious during the course of induction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Chen
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengjin Fan
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Bae JY, Lee GE, Park H, Cho J, Kim J, Lee J, Kim K, Kim JI, Park MS. Antiviral Efficacy of Pralatrexate against SARS-CoV-2. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:268-272. [PMID: 33731494 PMCID: PMC8094065 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 100 million confirmed cases of human infectious disease (COVID-19) since December 2019 to paralyze our global community. However, only limited access has been allowed to COVID-19 vaccines and antiviral treatment options. Here, we report the efficacy of the anticancer drug pralatrexate against SARS-CoV-2. In Vero and human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells, pralatrexate reduced viral RNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 without detectable cytotoxicity, and viral replication was successfully inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. In a time-to-addition assay, pralatrexate treatment at almost half a day after infection also exhibited inhibitory effects on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of pralatrexate as a drug repurposing COVID-19 remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Biosafety Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Biosafety Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Rojansky R, Fernandez-Pol S, Wang E, Rieger KE, Novoa RA, Zehnder JL, Kunder CA, Kim YH, Khodadoust MS, Brown RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with pathogenic somatic mutations and absence of detectable clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement: two case reports. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:122. [PMID: 32988392 PMCID: PMC7523289 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas for which diagnosis can be challenging given the potential for overlap with inflammatory dermatoses. Current diagnostic criteria for CTCL incorporate clinical and histopathologic findings as well as results of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene sequencing. Molecular interrogation of TCR genes, TRG and TRB, has proven to be a critical tool for confirming diagnoses of CTCL and for disease tracking after initiation of therapy or after stem cell transplant. Methods for confirming a diagnosis of lymphoma in the absence of TCR gene clonality are lacking. We present two patients with CTCL with pathogenic somatic mutations in the absence of TRG and TRB clonality. Case presentations Case 1: A 38-year-old male had a 19-year history of a diffuse skin rash with papulosquamous, granulomatous, and verrucous features and progressive ulcerated plaques and tumors demonstrating an atypical CD4+ T-cell infiltrate with expression of cytotoxic markers CD56, TIA-1, granzyme, and perforin on histopathology. No definitive evidence for T-cell clonality was detected by conventional PCR of 6 biopsies or by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 14 biopsies. Somatic mutational profiling of a skin biopsy revealed pathogenic mutations in PIKC3D and TERT promoter hotspots, confirming the presence of a clonal process. Case 2: A 69-year-old male with a 13-year history of progressive, diffuse hypertrophic and eroded plaques showed an atypical CD4+ T-cell infiltrate with subset expression of TIA-1 and granzyme on histopathology. No TCR clonality was detected by TCR-NGS of 6 biopsies. Somatic mutational profiling of a skin biopsy detected a pathogenic mutation in TP53, confirming the presence of a clonal process. Conclusions These cases highlight how detection of pathogenic somatic mutations can confirm a diagnosis of lymphoma in a clinically and histopathologically suspicious cutaneous lymphoid proliferation without detectable TCR clonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rojansky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Erica Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kerri E Rieger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Roberto A Novoa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James L Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Youn H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ryanne A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3375 Hillview Ave, Room 1821, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-1204, USA.
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Kallam A, Armitage JO. Contemporary strategies to improve outcomes for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients following the failure of first-line therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:745-753. [PMID: 32478625 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1770590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group, with varying incidences, geographic patterns, and risk factors. Although until recently approached in a manner similar to B cell lymphomas, the treatment outcomes are poor and this disease is characterized by high relapse rates. The treatment advances in PTCL have been slow compared to B cell lymphomas. The outcomes of patients who progress following stem cell transplantation are worse. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the novel targeted agents that are approved and/or are under investigation for patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL. We conducted an electronic literature search of the studies using PubMed, clincaltrials.gov, MEDLINE, using the key words 'PTCL,' 'second line therapy,' and 'targeted agents.' Studies published before January 2020 were included in the search criteria. EXPERT OPINION Development of newer therapies such as HDAC inhibitors and kinases are promising new agents with activity in relapsed/refractory PTCL. Combination therapy using novel agents may be the future for treatment of PTCL. Therapies in the next few years may take a more personalized approach taking into consideration not just the histology, but also the epigenomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James O Armitage
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE, USA
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