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Mao Y, Zeineldin M, Usmani M, Jutla A, Shisler JL, Whitaker RJ, Nguyen TH. Local and Environmental Reservoirs of Salmonella enterica After Hurricane Florence Flooding. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000877. [PMID: 37928215 PMCID: PMC10624599 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In many regions of the world, including the United States, human and animal fecal genetic markers have been found in flood waters. In this study, we use high-resolution whole genomic sequencing to examine the origin and distribution of Salmonella enterica after the 2018 Hurricane Florence flooding. We specifically asked whether S. enterica isolated from water samples collected near swine farms in North Carolina shortly after Hurricane Florence had evidence of swine origin. To investigate this, we isolated and fully sequenced 18 independent S. enterica strains from 10 locations (five flooded and five unflooded). We found that all strains have extremely similar chromosomes with only five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and possessed two plasmids assigned bioinformatically to the incompatibility groups IncFIB and IncFII. The chromosomal core genome and the IncFIB plasmid are most closely related to environmental Salmonella strains isolated previously from the southeastern US. In contrast, the IncFII plasmid was found in environmental S. enterica strains whose genomes were more divergent, suggesting the IncFII plasmid is more promiscuous than the IncFIB type. We identified 65 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in each of our 18 S. enterica isolates. All ARGs were located on the Salmonella chromosome, similar to other previously characterized environmental isolates. All isolates with different SNPs were resistant to a panel of commonly used antibiotics. These results highlight the importance of environmental sources of antibiotic-resistant S. enterica after extreme flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
| | - Moiz Usmani
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaFLGainesvilleUSA
| | - Antarpreet Jutla
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaFLGainesvilleUSA
| | - Joanna L. Shisler
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
| | - Rachel J. Whitaker
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
| | - Thanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignILUrbanaUSA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
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Global assessment of storm disaster-prone areas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272161. [PMID: 36001546 PMCID: PMC9401149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in climate change research contribute to improved forecasts of hydrological extremes with potentially severe impacts on human societies and natural landscapes. Rainfall erosivity density (RED), i.e. rainfall erosivity (MJ mm hm-2 h-1 yr-1) per rainfall unit (mm), is a measure of rainstorm aggressiveness and a proxy indicator of damaging hydrological events. Methods and findings Here, using downscaled RED data from 3,625 raingauges worldwide and log-normal ordinary kriging with probability mapping, we identify damaging hydrological hazard-prone areas that exceed warning and alert thresholds (1.5 and 3.0 MJ hm-2 h-1, respectively). Applying exceedance probabilities in a geographical information system shows that, under current climate conditions, hazard-prone areas exceeding a 50% probability cover ~31% and ~19% of the world’s land at warning and alert states, respectively. Conclusion RED is identified as a key driver behind the spatial growth of environmental disruption worldwide (with tropical Latin America, South Africa, India and the Indian Archipelago most affected).
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Vári Á, Kozma Z, Pataki B, Jolánkai Z, Kardos M, Decsi B, Pinke Z, Jolánkai G, Pásztor L, Condé S, Sonderegger G, Czúcz B. Disentangling the ecosystem service 'flood regulation': Mechanisms and relevant ecosystem condition characteristics. AMBIO 2022; 51:1855-1870. [PMID: 35212976 PMCID: PMC9200914 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Riverine floods cause increasingly severe damages to human settlements and infrastructure. Ecosystems have a natural capacity to decrease both severity and frequency of floods. Natural flood regulation processes along freshwaters can be attributed to two different mechanisms: flood prevention that takes place in the whole catchment and flood mitigation once the water has accumulated in the stream. These flood regulating mechanisms are not consistently recognized in major ecosystem service (ES) classifications. For a balanced landscape management, it is important to assess the ES flood regulation so that it can account for the different processes at the relevant sites. We reviewed literature, classified them according to these mechanisms, and analysed the influencing ecosystem characteristics. For prevention, vegetation biomass and forest extent were predominant, while for mitigation, the available space for water was decisive. We add some aspects on assessing flood regulation as ES, and suggest also to include flood hazard into calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Vári
- Centre for Ecological Research, Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Alkomány út 2-4, Vácrátót, 2163 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kozma
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111 Hungary
| | - Beáta Pataki
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető u. 2-4, Debrecen, 4028 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Jolánkai
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111 Hungary
| | - Máté Kardos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111 Hungary
| | - Bence Decsi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pinke
- Department of Physical Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Géza Jolánkai
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető u. 2-4, Debrecen, 4028 Hungary
| | - László Pásztor
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
| | - Sophie Condé
- European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Bálint Czúcz
- Centre for Ecological Research, Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Alkomány út 2-4, Vácrátót, 2163 Hungary
- European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Multiscale Hydrogeomorphometric Analysis for Fluvial Risk Management. Application in the Carrión River, Spain. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13152955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable management of fluvial systems requires reliable knowledge of the mechanisms that control the basins and their drainages, which in turn must be prioritized for the application of measures for flood-risk reduction. Thus, given the need to develop methodological frameworks capable of integrating remote sensing technologies at different scales, as well as traditional metrics and anthropic variables, in this study, a multiscale method is proposed for the characterization and prioritization of river stretches for fluvial risk management. This methodology involves the study of drivers at the watershed level, and a detailed morphometric and hydrogeomorphological analysis of the main channel for fluvial landscape classification, segmentation, and aggregation into units, considering also anthropic variables. Therefore, it includes the use of LiDAR data and exploration GIS tools, whose results are corroborated through fieldwork, where ephemeral and topographic evidence of fluvial dynamics are collected. The procedure is validated in the Carrión river basin, Palencia, Spain, where a high degree of maturity and geomorphological development are determined. Hence, the main channel can be classified into eight geomorphic units and divided into homogeneous segments, which, according to categorical elements such as urban interventions, are prioritized, obtaining, as a result, six stretches of main interest for river risk management.
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