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Di Giulio C, Gonzalez Guzman JM, Dutra Gomes JV, Choi YH, Magalhães PO, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D, Estrada O. A New Lignan from Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) Demonstrates Vasorelaxant Effects In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114256. [PMID: 37298733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Esquamosan, a new furofuran lignan, has been isolated by bio-guided assays from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Annona squamosa L., and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Esquamosan inhibited the rat aortic ring contraction evoked by phenylephrine in a concentration-dependent manner and showed an inhibitory effect on vasocontraction of the depolarized aorta with high-concentration potassium. The vasorelaxant effect by esquamosan could be attributed mainly to the inhibition of calcium influx from extracellular space through voltage-dependent calcium channels or receptor-operated Ca2+ channels and also partly mediated through the increased release of NO from endothelial cells. The ability of esquamosan to modify the vascular reactivity of rat aortic rings incubated with high glucose (D-glucose 55 mM) was then evaluated, and this furofuran lignan reverted the endothelium-dependent impairment effect of high glucose in rat aortic rings. The antioxidant capacity of esquamosan was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Esquamosan exhibited a similar antioxidant capacity compared to ascorbic acid, which was used as a positive control. In conclusion, this lignan showed a vasorelaxant effect, free radical scavenging capacity, and potential reductive power, suggesting its potential beneficial use to treat complex cardiometabolic diseases due to free radical-mediated diseases and its calcium antagonist effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Di Giulio
- Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Juan Manuel Gonzalez Guzman
- Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Joao Victor Dutra Gomes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Asa Norte, Federal District, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pérola O Magalhães
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Asa Norte, Federal District, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Yris M Fonseca-Bazzo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Asa Norte, Federal District, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Asa Norte, Federal District, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Omar Estrada
- Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Asa Norte, Federal District, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
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2
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Yadav S. Management of Oral Squamous Papilloma Using Annona squamosa (Custard Apple) Leaves: A Novel Case. Cureus 2023; 15:e34806. [PMID: 36915838 PMCID: PMC10008032 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents the case of a 36-year-old male who was diagnosed with oral squamous papilloma in the palatal region. Excision was planned. The patient in the meantime chewed upon custard apple leaves and reported that the lesion prolapsed over the next few days. On examination, the site showed no signs of scarring or contracture and presented with healthy palatal tissue. The patient was prevented from requiring surgery, which would have shown a longer healing period with heavy reliance on an expensive resource base. This novel observation highlights the benefits of custard apple (Annona squamosa) leaves and warrants that its hepatoprotective, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-obesity, and lipid-lowering properties are studied in an astute scientific setup with a well-drawn-out research plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Yadav
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, IND
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3
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Li X, Ren JN, Fan G, Yang SZ, Zhang LL, Pan SY. Separation and purification of nootkatone from fermentation broth of Yarrowia lipolytica with high-speed counter-current chromatography. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:4487-4498. [PMID: 36193467 PMCID: PMC9525468 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nootkatone is an important functional sesquiterpene, which can be obtained by the biotransformation of valencene. It is increasingly important because of its pleasant citrus aroma and physiological effects. Yarrowia lipolytica is beneficial for biotechnology applications and has ability to transform valencene to nootkatone. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to isolate and purify the product of nootkatone in this study. The suitable two-phase solvent system was selected and the optimum separation conditions were determined. The partition coefficients of nootkatone and the separation factor between nootkatone and valencene were considered as the indexes. The results showed that there were numerous products during the transformation of valencene by Yarrowia lipolytica, and the content of nootkatone was 13.75%. The obtained nootkatone was separated by HSCCC with a solvent system n-hexane/methanol/water (5/4/1, v/v). The final purity of nootkatone was 91.61 ± 0.20% and the elution time was 290-310 min. The structure of nootkatone was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR). This was the first report on the separation of nootkatone from the fermentation broth by HSCCC. This study proved that HSCCC could be used as an effective method to separate and purify the nootkatone from valencene transformed by Yarrowia lipolytica with n-hexane/methanol/water (5/4/1, v/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shu-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
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4
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Wu Y, Xie J, Zeng J, Bai R, Zhang H, Yan J. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. (C. sappan L.), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat bruises and dysmenorrhea, performing pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. C. sappan L. has been reported to contain compounds such as protosappanins, brazilins, and homoisoflavones. In the pre-experiments, we discovered that there were many unstable components in the characteristic chromatogram of C. sappan L. Here, silica-gel column chromatography, high-speed counter-current chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography were combined and applied to isolate the unstable components from alcohol extract of C. sappan L. The results showed that four unstable compounds were collected with the purity higher than 95.0%, characterized as episapponal, brazilin, sapponal, and 4-O-methylsapponal by hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on the above results, the characteristic chromatogram of C. sappan L. was established, and the characteristic peaks were identified. These results provided a theoretical basis for the quality assessment of C. sappan L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310014 , P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310014 , P.R. China
| | - Jielin Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310014 , P.R. China
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310014 , P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310014 , P.R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310014 , P.R. China
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5
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Sun X, Chen L, Yan H, Cui L, Hussain H, Xie L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Meng Z, Cao G, Park J, Wang D. An efficient high-speed counter-current chromatography method for the preparative separation of potential antioxidant from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. combination of in vitro evaluation and molecular docking. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1856-1865. [PMID: 35338696 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora Pall., one of the most famous classical herbal medicine, has been used to treat diseases for over 1200 years. In this research, the functional ingredients were purified by online-switch two-dimensional high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with inner-recycling and continuous injection mode. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by investigating the 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidant damage in vitro and confirmed through molecular docking. n-Butanol/ethyl acetate/water (2:3:5, v/v) solvent system was used for the first dimensional separation and optimized the sample loading. Two pure compounds and a polyphenol-enriched fraction were separated. The polyphenol-enriched fraction was separated with a solvent system n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:8:4:6, v/v) with continuous injection mode. Five compounds were successfully separated, including gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), albiflorin (3), paeoniflorin (4), and ethyl gallate (5). Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results from antioxidant effect showed that albiflorin had stronger antioxidant activity. Molecular docking results indicated that the affinity energy of the identified compounds ranged from -3.79 to -8.22 kcal/mol and albiflorin showed the lowest affinity energy. Overall, all those findings suggested that the strong antioxidant capacity of albiflorin can be potentially used for treatment of diseases that caused by oxidation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Long Chen
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Huijiao Yan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Li Cui
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Lei Xie
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicines of Orthopedic Pain of Shandong Province, Shandong C.P. Freda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Yujuan Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Medicines of Orthopedic Pain of Shandong Province, Shandong C.P. Freda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Guiyun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Jeonghill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daijie Wang
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
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6
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Polyphenol from Rosaroxburghii Tratt Fruit Ameliorates the Symptoms of Diabetes by Activating the P13K/AKT Insulin Pathway in db/db Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050636. [PMID: 35267269 PMCID: PMC8909201 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
About 4% of the world’s population has type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the available hypoglycemic drugs for treating diabetes have some side effects. Therefore, research on the extraction of hypoglycemic components from plants has gradually become popular. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of polyphenol-rich Rosa roxburghii Tratt extract (RP) isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and of four constituents (IRP 1–4 ) isolated from RP on db/db mice. The results indicated that the oral administration of RP and IRP 1–4 could markedly decrease the food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and serum insulin levels in the db/db mice. Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress were ameliorated in the RP and IRP 1–4 groups. Histopathological observation revealed that RP and IRP 1–4 could effectively protect the liver fat against damage and dysfunction. RP and IRP 1–4 also increased the hepatic and muscle glycogen contents by increasing the phosphorylation and reducing the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). The activities of glucokinase (GCK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and their respective mRNA expression levels in the liver of db/db mice were simultaneously increased and decreased in the intervention groups. RP and IRP 1–4 significantly increased the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K) and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). These results indicate that RP and IRP 1–4 exhibit good hypoglycemic effects by activating the P13K/AKT signaling pathway and regulating the expression of FOXO1 and p-GSK3β proteins, controlling hepatic gluconeogenesis and improving hepatic glycogen storage insulin resistance. Therefore, RP and IRP 1–4 could be utilized as the hypoglycemic functional component to alleviate the symptoms of T2DM.
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7
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Neetu N, Katiki M, Mahto JK, Sharma M, Narayanan A, Maity S, Tomar S, Ambatipudi K, Sharma AK, Yernool D, Kumar P. Deciphering the enigma of missing DNA binding domain of LacI family transcription factors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 713:109060. [PMID: 34666048 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catabolite repressor activator (Cra) is a member of the LacI family transcriptional regulator distributed across a wide range of bacteria and regulates the carbon metabolism and virulence gene expression. In numerous studies to crystallize the apo form of the LacI family transcription factor, the N-terminal domain (NTD), which functions as a DNA-binding domain, has been enigmatically missing from the final resolved structures. It was speculated that the NTD is disordered or unstable and gets cleaved during crystallization. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of Cra from Escherichia coli (EcCra). The structure revealed a well-defined electron density for the C-terminal domain (CTD). However, electron density was missing for the first 56 amino acids (NTD). Our data reveal for the first time that EcCra undergoes a spontaneous cleavage at the conserved Asn 50 (N50) site, which separates the N-terminal DNA binding domain from the C-terminal effector molecule binding domain. With the site-directed mutagenesis, we confirm the involvement of residue N50 in the spontaneous cleavage phenomenon. Furthermore, the Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay of the EcCra-NTD with DNA showed EcCra-NTD is in a functional conformation state and retains its DNA binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Neetu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Madhusudhanarao Katiki
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Jai Krishna Mahto
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Anoop Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Dinesh Yernool
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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8
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Silver Ion-Complexation High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Coupled with Prep-HPLC for Separation of Sesquiterpenoids from Germacrene A Fermentation Broth. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A silver ion high-speed counter-current chromatography ([Ag+]-HSCCC) was developed to separate and purify five sesquiterpenoids from germacrene A fermentation broth. The solvent system was consisted of n-hexane-methanol-silver nitrate (3 mol/L) solution (10:9.5:0.5, v/v). By employing this chromatographic protocol, five sesquiterpenoids named β-elemene (1; 54.1 mg), germacrene A (2; 28.5 mg), γ-selinene (3; 4.6 mg), β-selinene (4; 3.4 mg), and α-selinene (5; 1.3 mg) were obtained successfully from 500 mg extracted crude sample with purities of 97.1%, 95.2%, 98.2%, 96.3% and 98.5%, respectively, combined with preparative HPLC. The results reveal that the addition of metal ion in biphasic solvent system significantly improved the HSCCC separation factor of sesquiterpenoids. Meanwhile, our study also provided an alternate approach to separate the compounds with less polarity, also geometrical isomers and various natural product classes.
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9
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Ma W, Ali I, Li Y, Hussain H, Zhao H, Sun X, Xie L, Cui L, Wang D. A Simple and Efficient Two-Dimensional High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Linear Gradient and Isocratic Elution Modes for the Preparative Separation of Coumarins from Roots of Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lam. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195986. [PMID: 34641527 PMCID: PMC8512887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae) has shown a broad spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, and anticancer properties. The present study is concerned with the separation of the main components with broad partition coefficients (KD values) from T. asiatica, using linear gradient high-speed counter-current chromatography (LGCCC) combined with an off-line two-dimensional (2D) mode. Similar to the binary gradient HPLC, the LGCCC mode is operated by the adjustment of the proportion between the mobile phase of 5:5:1:9 (v/v) (pump A) and 5:5:4.5:5.5 (v/v) (pump B) in an n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water solvent system. The off-line 2D-CCC mode was used in this study for the secondary separation of two similar KD value compounds with n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:5:4:6, v/v). Notably, six coumarins, namely, tomentin (1), toddalolactone (2), 5,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin (3), mexoticin (4), isopimpinellin (5), and toddanone (6), were efficiently separated. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by spectral techniques and compared with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Ma
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Yali Li
- Key Laboratory of the Innovative, Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional, Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China;
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Huanzhu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Xuan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Li Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); or (D.W.); Tel.: +86-0531-8260-5319 (L.C.); Fax: +86-0531-8296-4889 (L.C.)
| | - Daijie Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (I.A.); (H.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); or (D.W.); Tel.: +86-0531-8260-5319 (L.C.); Fax: +86-0531-8296-4889 (L.C.)
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10
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Olatunde OO, Shiekh KA, Ma L, Ying X, Zhang B, Benjakul S. Effect of the extract from custard apple (
Annona squamosa
) leaves prepared with pulsed electric field‐assisted process on the diversity of microorganisms and shelf‐life of refrigerated squid rings. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Khursheed Ahmad Shiekh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Lukai Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 China
| | - Xiaoguo Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing College of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan 316022 China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan Zhejiang 316022 China
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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11
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Lv S, Yu H, Liu X, Gao X. The Study on the Mechanism of Hugan Tablets in Treating Drug-Induced Liver Injury Induced by Atorvastatin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:683707. [PMID: 34262454 PMCID: PMC8275032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.683707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a widely used lipid-lowering drug in the clinic. Research shows that taking long-term atorvastatin has the risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in most patients. Hugan tablets, a commonly used drug for liver disease, can effectively lower transaminase and protect the liver. However, the underlying mechanism of Hugan tablets alleviating atorvastatin-induced DILI remains unclear. To address this problem, comprehensive chemical profiling and network pharmacology methods were used in the study. First, the strategy of “compound−single herb−TCM prescription” was applied to characterize the ingredients of Hugan tablets. Then, active ingredients and potential targets of Hugan tablets in DILI treatment were screened using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and literature research. In the end, the mechanism of Hugan tablets in treating atorvastatin-induced DILI was elucidated. The results showed that Hugan tablets can effectively alleviate DILI induced by atorvastatin in model rats, and 71 compounds were characterized from Hugan tablets. Based on these compounds, 271 potential targets for the treatment of DILI were predicted, and 10 key targets were chosen by characterizing protein–protein interactions. Then, 30 potential active ingredients were screened through the molecular docking with these 10 key targets, and their biological activity was explained based on literature research. Finally, the major 19 active ingredients of Hugan tablets were discovered. In addition, further enrichment analysis of 271 targets indicated that the PI3K-Akt, TNF, HIF-1, Rap1, and FoxO signaling pathways may be the primary pathways regulated by Hugan tablets in treating DILI. This study proved that Hugan tablets could alleviate atorvastatin-induced DILI through multiple components, targets, and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Hollá M, Bílková A, Jakubec P, Košková S, Kočová Vlčková H, Šatínský D, Švec F, Sklenářová H. Benefits and Pitfalls of HPLC Coupled to Diode-Array, Charged Aerosol, and Coulometric Detections: Effect of Detection on Screening of Bioactive Compounds in Apples. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113246. [PMID: 34071301 PMCID: PMC8199029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The new screening method for rapid evaluation of major phenolic compounds in apples has been developed. Suitability of coupling HPLC/UHPLC separation with the diode-array detection and universal charged aerosol detection with respect to the presence of interfering substances was tested. Characteristics of both detection techniques were compared and method linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, and selectivity of them determined. Student t-test based on slopes of calibration plots was applied for the detailed comparison. The diode-array detection provided the best results regarding sensitivity and selectivity of the developed method in terms of evaluation of phenolics profiles. The response of the charged aerosol detector was negatively affected by co-eluting substances during rapid-screening analyses. Coulometric detection was used for advanced characterization of extracts in terms of antioxidant content and strength to obtain more complex information concerning sample composition. This detection also allowed evaluation of unidentified compounds with antioxidant activity. HPLC/UHPLC separation using a combination of diode-array and coulometric detectors thus represented the best approach enabling quick, yet complex characterization of bioactive compounds in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hollá
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
| | - Aneta Bílková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., 50801 Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jakubec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
| | - Stanislava Košková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
| | - Hana Kočová Vlčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
| | - Dalibor Šatínský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
| | - Hana Sklenářová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.B.); (P.J.); (S.K.); (H.K.V.); (D.Š.); (F.Š.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-453
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13
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Ali I, Mu Y, Atif M, Hussain H, Li J, Li D, Shabbir M, Bankeu JJK, Cui L, Sajjad S, Wang D, Wang X. Separation and anti-inflammatory evaluation of phytochemical constituents from Pleurospermum candollei (Apiaceae) by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with continuous sample load. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2663-2673. [PMID: 33914393 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pleurospermum (Apiaceae) species possess a wide range of biological properties viz. analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and so on. Pleurospermum candollei (DC.) Benth. Ex C. B. Clark. is reported to cure diarrhea, gastric, respiratory, stomach, abdominal, joint, and back pain problems. In addition, it is also used for both male and female infertility. The present study deals with an efficient technique using high-speed countercurrent chromatography for separation of chemical components from the methanol extract of P. candollei. Notably, nine main compounds namely luteolin 7-O-glucoside (1), oxypeucedanin hydrate (2), pabulenol (3), bergapten (4), heptadecanoic acid (5), (E)-isoelemicin (6), trans-asarone (7), α-linolenic acid (8), and isoimperatorin (9) were very efficiently separated and isolated in pure form. Multiple injections were applied followed by two off-line recycling high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The inhibitory effect of nitric oxide production of all compounds was tested in the presence of 200 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 mice macrophage cells. The results demonstrated that compounds 7 and 8 effectively inhibited nitric oxide production, with IC50 values of 28.44 and 53.18 μM, respectively. This study thus validates the traditional claim of using P. candollei. Taken together, these findings will be useful in future research to find a potential candidate with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Yan Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Chemistry Department, University of Education Lahore, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jinping Li
- International Cooperation Service, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- International Cooperation Service, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shabbir
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | | | - Li Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shahida Sajjad
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
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14
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Efficient separation of N-Alkylamides from Piper longum L. using off-line two-dimensional coupled with gradient high-speed counter-current chromatography. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Zhu H, Ali I, Hussain H, Hussain M, Wang XB, Song X, Luo G, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang D. Extraction and purification of cis/trans asarone from Acorus tatarinowii Schott: Accelerated solvent extraction and silver ion coordination high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462080. [PMID: 33799073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat memory and cognitive dysfunction. Because of their efficacy and lower toxic effects, research on α- and β-asarone, the phytoconstituents, has attracted attention owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities. Silver ion coordination complexation high-speed counter-current chromatography was used to separate these isomers from A. tatarinowii extract, coupled with accelerated solvent extraction. Accelerated solvent extraction parameters were investigated with single-factor and orthogonal testing. A two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (2:1:2:1, v/v) with 0.50 mol/L silver ions was selected for separation. From 2.0 g crude extract, 1.4 g of β-asarone and 0.09 g of α-asarone were obtained with purities over 98% by sequential sample loading in 20 h. The isolated compounds were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR. Silver ions significantly increased the separation factor and retention of the stationary phase. The chromatographic behavior indicated that cis-configuration was more strongly complexed with the silver ion. This was further demonstrated with the help of computational analysis. In conclusion, the established method could be employed to separate other cis-trans or E/Z isomers that form coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Xing-Bao Wang
- Training Base of State Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Jountly Constructed by Shanxi Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiangyun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ge Luo
- Shandong Wooking Instruments Co. Ltd., Dezhou 251500, China
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- Shandong Wooking Instruments Co. Ltd., Dezhou 251500, China; Jinan Hanon Instruments Co. Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Shandong Wooking Instruments Co. Ltd., Dezhou 251500, China; Jinan Hanon Instruments Co. Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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16
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Valorization of unexploited artichoke leaves dust for obtaining of extracts rich in natural antioxidants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Hou Y, Ali I, Li Z, Sulaiman A, Aziz S, Chen L, Hussain H, Cui L, Wang D, Zheng X. Separation of constituents from Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. F. & Thoms.) Engl. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with elution mode and its antidiabetic and antioxidant in vitro evaluation. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:767-776. [PMID: 33314692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes, a metabolic disorder, is caused by a high blood sugar level. Diabetes is an increasing health issue and search for potent antidiabetic agents is desirable. Owing to its ethnomedicinal value, the Himalayan perennial herb Bergenia stracheyi (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Engl. (Saxifragaceae Juss) is used to treat diabetes. Herein, an efficient high-speed countercurrent chromatography with elution mode is reported for separation of active compounds from B. stracheyi. In current investigation, six main compounds including β-arbutin (1), bergenin (2), 6-O-galloylarbutin (3), gallic acid (4), 11-O-galloylbergenin (5), and (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (6) with above 95% purity were efficiently separated in a single run using biphasic tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/methanol/water (1:3:1:5, v/v/v/v) solvent system. The structures of these compounds were characterized using spectral techniques and compared with the literature. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities evaluation of the study samples showed that β-arbutin (1) and 6-O-galloylarbutin (3) have a significant protective effect, especially at high dose against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative injury. Our results might help further in-depth phytochemical and biological evaluation studies in search of potent antidiabetic compounds from B. stracheyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Atiqa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Aziz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Long Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Li Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
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