1
|
Gosavi M, Kulkarni-Munje A, Patil HP. Dual pattern recognition receptor ligands CL401, CL413, and CL429 as adjuvants for inactivated chikungunya virus. Virology 2023; 585:82-90. [PMID: 37321145 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is responsible for incapacitating joint pains and is a significant health hazard in many countries. Though a definite need for a CHIKV vaccine is felt, long disappearance of CHIKV from circulation in humans has been a concern for vaccine development. Use of two separate pattern recognition receptor ligands has been shown to enhance immune response to the administered antigen. In addition, intradermal delivery of vaccine tends to mimic the natural mode of CHIKV infection. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether intradermal and intramuscular immunization with inactivated CHIKV (I-CHIKV) supplemented with dual pattern-recognition receptor ligands, CL401, CL413, and CL429, is an effective approach to enhancing antibody response to CHIKV. Our in vivo data show that I-CHIKV supplemented with these chimeric PRR ligands induces enhanced neutralizing antibody response after intradermal delivery, but is less efficient after intramuscular immunization. These results suggest that intradermal delivery of I-CHIKV with chimeric adjuvants is a possible way to elicited a better antibody response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Gosavi
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Archana Kulkarni-Munje
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hwang KS, Seo EU, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. 3D engineered tissue models for studying human-specific infectious viral diseases. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:576-594. [PMID: 36204281 PMCID: PMC9519398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections cause damage to various organ systems by inducing organ-specific symptoms or systemic multi-organ damage. Depending on the infection route and virus type, infectious diseases are classified as respiratory, nervous, immune, digestive, or skin infections. Since these infectious diseases can widely spread in the community and their catastrophic effects are severe, identification of their causative agent and mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis is an urgent necessity. Although infection-associated mechanisms have been studied in two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models and animal models, they have shown limitations in organ-specific or human-associated pathogenesis, and the development of a human-organ-mimetic system is required. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue models, which can present human organ-like physiology in terms of the 3D structure, utilization of human-originated cells, recapitulation of physiological stimuli, and tight cell–cell interactions, were developed. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that these models can recapitulate infection-associated pathologies. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in 3D engineered tissue models that mimic organ-specific viral infections. First, we briefly described the limitations of the current 2D and animal models in recapitulating human-specific viral infection pathology. Next, we provided an overview of recently reported viral infection models, focusing particularly on organ-specific infection pathologies. Finally, a future perspective that must be pursued to reconstitute more human-specific infectious diseases is presented. 3D in vitro models are different from the traditional model in the infection process. Human-specific infection research requires a 3D microenvironment and human cells. 3D in vitro infectious models can be useful for basic research on infectious disease. 3D in vitro infectious models recapitulate the complex cell-virus-immune interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun U Seo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pimkova Polidarova M, Vanekova L, Brehova P, Dejmek M, Vavrina Z, Birkus G, Brazdova A. Synthetic Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Agonists Induce a Cytokine-Mediated Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Response in Nonparenchymal Liver Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:23-32. [PMID: 36472628 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health problem worldwide, with limited treatment options, but inducing an antiviral response by innate immunity activation may provide a therapeutic alternative. We assessed the cytokine-mediated anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential for stimulating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway using STING agonists in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs). The natural STING agonist, 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP, the synthetic analogue 3',3'-c-di(2'F,2'dAMP), and its bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) prodrug had strong indirect cytokine-mediated anti-HBV effects in PHH regardless of HBV genotype. Furthermore, STING agonists induced anti-HBV cytokine secretion in vitro, in both human and mouse NPCs, and triggered hepatic T cell activation. Cytokine secretion and lymphocyte activation were equally stimulated in NPCs isolated from control and HBV-persistent mice. Therefore, STING agonists modulate immune activation regardless of HBV persistence, paving the way toward a CHB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Pimkova Polidarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vanekova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brehova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Vavrina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Birkus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brazdova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ke W, Chandler M, Cedrone E, Saito RF, Rangel MC, de Souza Junqueira M, Wang J, Shi D, Truong N, Richardson M, Rolband LA, Dréau D, Bedocs P, Chammas R, Dokholyan NV, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Locking and Unlocking Thrombin Function Using Immunoquiescent Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles with Regulated Retention In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5961-5972. [PMID: 35786891 PMCID: PMC9511123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unbalanced coagulation of blood is a life-threatening event that requires accurate and timely treatment. We introduce a user-friendly biomolecular platform based on modular RNA-DNA anticoagulant fibers programmed for reversible extracellular communication with thrombin and subsequent control of anticoagulation via a "kill-switch" mechanism that restores hemostasis. To demonstrate the potential of this reconfigurable technology, we designed and tested a set of anticoagulant fibers that carry different thrombin-binding aptamers. All fibers are immunoquiescent, as confirmed in freshly collected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To assess interindividual variability, the anticoagulation is confirmed in the blood of human donors from the U.S. and Brazil. The anticoagulant fibers reveal superior anticoagulant activity and prolonged renal clearance in vivo in comparison to free aptamers. Finally, we confirm the efficacy of the "kill-switch" mechanism in vivo in murine and porcine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Renata F Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Da Shi
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nguyen Truong
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Melina Richardson
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Lewis A Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Peter Bedocs
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Roger Chammas
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Howard FHN, Kwan A, Winder N, Mughal A, Collado-Rojas C, Muthana M. Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome? Viruses 2022; 14:1493. [PMID: 35891472 PMCID: PMC9324514 DOI: 10.3390/v14071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases have increased in number and geographical extent during the last decades. Examples include the current COVID-19 pandemic and the recent epidemics of the Chikungunya, Ebola, and Zika viruses. Immune responses to viruses have been well-characterised within the innate and adaptive immunity pathways with the outcome following viral infection predominantly attributed to properties of the virus and circumstances of the infection. Perhaps the belief that the immune system is often considered as a reactive component of host defence, springing into action when a threat is detected, has contributed to a poorer understanding of the inherent differences in an individual's immune system in the absence of any pathology. In this review, we focus on how these host factors (age, ethnicity, underlying pathologies) may skew the T helper cell response, thereby influencing the outcome following viral infection but also whether we can use these inherent biases to predict patients at risk of a deviant response and apply strategies to avoid or overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith H. N. Howard
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.K.); (N.W.); (A.M.); (C.C.-R.); (M.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruml T. The Present and Future of Virology in the Czech Republic-A New Phoenix Made of Ashes? Viruses 2022; 14:v14061303. [PMID: 35746773 PMCID: PMC9231214 DOI: 10.3390/v14061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pimkova Polidarova M, Brehova P, Dejmek M, Birkus G, Brazdova A. STING Agonist-Mediated Cytokine Secretion Is Accompanied by Monocyte Apoptosis. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:463-471. [PMID: 35132859 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) pathway plays a crucial role in inducing an antiviral and antitumor immune response. We studied the effects of synthetic STING agonists on several immune populations and related cytokine production. In comparison with the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, STING agonists induced secretion of a broader proinflammatory cytokine spectrum. Unlike the TLR7 agonist, the structurally diverse STING agonists partially depleted B and NK cells and completely depleted CD14+ monocytes via induction of apoptosis. The TANK-binding kinase 1 inhibitor efficiently prevented interferon alpha (IFNα) secretion and cell depletion, suggesting their possible dependence on the cGAS-STING pathway activation. Finally, IFNα, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1 beta secretion and CD14+ monocyte apoptosis were primary responses to STING agonists, whereas IFNγ was secreted secondarily. These findings bring new insights into the cGAS-STING pathway immunomodulation that is of future therapeutic importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Pimkova Polidarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brehova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Birkus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brazdova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naghib M, Kariminik A, Kazemi Arababadi M. TLR2, as a Pathogen Recognition Receptor, Plays Critical Roles in Hepatitis B Outcome. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:15-23. [PMID: 35020525 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of active and inactive chronic hepatitis B, as prolonged forms of hepatitis B, is unable to eradicate hepatitis B virus (HBV) from the infected hepatocytes completely. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the viral recognition and promotion of appropriate immune responses. The molecules also participate in the alteration of the target cell functions and transformation. TLR2 is the unique molecule that makes either homodimer or heterodimer with TLR1 and 6 and shows variable roles against viral infections. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that TLR2 may participate in both immune response against HBV and induction of the virus-related hepatic complications. The studies confirm the hypothesis and revealed that TLR2 is not only one of the main molecules altering the course of HBV infection, but also plays key roles in induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. However, recent studies demonstrated that the molecule can fight against HCC and liver cirrhosis. Collectively, it appears that nutrition habits, TLR2 gene polymorphisms, gut microbiome, HBV antigens, and activation of other receptors may play key roles in the determination of TLR2 functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naghib
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khalil FO, Alsebaey A, Kasemy ZA, Abdelmageed SM, Bedair HM, Abdelsattar S. IL28B, TLR7 SNPs, and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1935239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Omar Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | - Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan Mosaad Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khalil FO, Alsebaey A, Kasemy ZA, Abdelmageed SM, Bedair HM, Abdelsattar S. IL28B, TLR7 SNPs, and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1935239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Omar Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | - Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan Mosaad Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khalil FO, Alsebaey A, Kasemy ZA, Abdelmageed SM, Bedair HM, Abdelsattar S. IL28B, TLR7 SNPs, and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:121-129. [PMID: 34047252 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1935239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to study the association of IL28B, toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, cytomegalovirus and advanced liver disease. METHODS Four groups were included; control (n = 125, 25.9%), CHC (n = 114, 23.6%), liver cirrhosis (n = 120, 24.8%), and HCC (n = 124, 25.7%). RESULTS In CHC group, patients were mainly F1 (60%) followed by F2. IL28B genotype CC percentage was higher in control group than the CHC and cirrhosis groups. CT and TT genotypes were higher in the CHC and cirrhosis groups than control group. The C allele was higher in the control group than the CHC, cirrhosis and HCC groups and the opposite with the T allele. Control and CHC had same TLR7 alleles. Cirrhosis patients and HCC had lower TLR 7 A allele and higher G allele than the control group. Both cirrhosis and HCC groups had statistically significant higher percentage of the AG and GG genotypes than the control group. Patients with HCC had higher cytomegalovirus infection percentage than cirrhosis and CHC group (38.7% vs 20% vs 16.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION IL28B, TLR7 SNPs and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in hepatitis C patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Omar Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | - Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan Mosaad Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao Q, Xu W, Guo X, Liu H, Liao B, Zhu X, Chen C, Yang F, Wu L, Xie C, Peng L. NLRX1 can counteract innate immune response induced by an external stimulus favoring HBV infection by competitive inhibition of MAVS-RLRs signaling in HepG2-NTCP cells. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211058036. [PMID: 34825857 PMCID: PMC10461377 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211058036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is aimed at the determination of the effect of the immune-regulatory factor NLRX1 on the antiviral activity of hepatocytes against an external stimuli favoring hepatitis B virus infection, and to explore its mechanism of action. METHODS A HepG2-NTCP model was established using the LV003 lentivirus. Cells were transfected using an overexpression vector and NLRX1 siRNA to achieve overexpression and interference of NLRX1 expression (OV-NLRX1, si-NLRX1). Levels of HBsAg and HBcAg were determined using Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical analysis. The levels of hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis B virus cccDNA were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression and transcriptional activity of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-6 were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine the effect of NLRX1 on the interaction between MAVS and RIG-1. Western blotting was used to obtain the phosphorylation of essential proteins in the MAVS-RLRs signaling pathways. RESULTS NLRX1 promoted HepG2-NTCP cell hepatitis B virus infection. Compared to the control group, the levels of HBsAg, HBcAg, hepatitis B virus cccDNA, and hepatitis B virus DNA increased in the OV-NLRX1 group and decreased in the si-NLRX1. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed that NLRX1 competitively inhibited the interaction between MAVS and RIG-1, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65, IRF3, and IRF7. Additionally, NLRX1 reduced the transcription activity and expression levels of the final products: IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS NLRX1 can counteract innate immune response induced by an external stimuli favoring hepatitis B virus infection by competitive inhibition of MAVS-RLRs signaling in HepG2-NTCP cells. Inhibition of the MAVS-RLR-mediated signaling pathways leads to a decline in the expression levels of I-IFN and IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s
Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wenxiong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s
Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Baolin Liao
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s
Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Chuming Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People’s Hospital of
Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangji Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Chan Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases,
Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barili V, Vecchi A, Rossi M, Montali I, Tiezzi C, Penna A, Laccabue D, Missale G, Fisicaro P, Boni C. Unraveling the Multifaceted Nature of CD8 T Cell Exhaustion Provides the Molecular Basis for Therapeutic T Cell Reconstitution in Chronic Hepatitis B and C. Cells 2021; 10:2563. [PMID: 34685543 PMCID: PMC8533840 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections persistently elevated antigen levels drive CD8+ T cells toward a peculiar differentiation state known as T cell exhaustion, which poses crucial constraints to antiviral immunity. Available evidence indicates that T cell exhaustion is associated with a series of metabolic and signaling deregulations and with a very peculiar epigenetic status which all together lead to reduced effector functions. A clear mechanistic network explaining how intracellular metabolic derangements, transcriptional and signaling alterations so far described are interconnected in a comprehensive and unified view of the T cell exhaustion differentiation profile is still lacking. Addressing this issue is of key importance for the development of innovative strategies to boost host immunity in order to achieve viral clearance. This review will discuss the current knowledge in HBV and HCV infections, addressing how innate immunity, metabolic derangements, extensive stress responses and altered epigenetic programs may be targeted to restore functionality and responsiveness of virus-specific CD8 T cells in the context of chronic virus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Amalia Penna
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Toll-Like Receptor Response to Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists as Immunomodulators for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10462. [PMID: 34638802 PMCID: PMC8508807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem. The immunopathology of the disease, especially the interplay between HBV and host innate immunity, is poorly understood. Moreover, inconsistent literature on HBV and host innate immunity has led to controversies. However, recently, there has been an increase in the number of studies that have highlighted the link between innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and chronic HBV infection. TLRs are the key sensing molecules that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and regulate the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby shaping the adaptive immunity. The suppression of TLR response has been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), as well as in other models, including tree shrews, suggesting an association of TLR response in HBV chronicity. Additionally, TLR agonists have been reported to improve the host innate immune response against HBV infection, highlighting the potential of these agonists as immunomodulators for enhancing CHB treatment. In this study, we discuss the current understanding of host innate immune responses during HBV infection, particularly focusing on the TLR response and TLR agonists as immunomodulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chiale C, Marchese AM, Robek MD. Innate immunity and HBV persistence. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 49:13-20. [PMID: 33992859 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic infections that are associated with immune dysfunction. Though T cell impairment is perhaps the most prominent immune change contributing to viral persistence, HBV interaction with the innate immune system is also likely key, as the lack of effective innate immunity has functional consequences that promote chronic infection. In addition to an intrinsic ability to fight viral infections, the innate immune system also impacts T cell responses and other adaptive immune mechanisms critical for HBV control. Therefore, it is essential to understand the relationships between HBV and innate immunity, as these interactions may be useful immunotherapeutic targets to manage the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chiale
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anthony M Marchese
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael D Robek
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|