1
|
Rebolledo LP, Ke W, Cedrone E, Wang J, Majithia K, Johnson MB, Dokholyan NV, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Immunostimulation of Fibrous Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles Can be Modulated through Aptamer-Based Functional Moieties: Unveiling the Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:8430-8441. [PMID: 38344840 PMCID: PMC10895590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Fibrous nanomaterials containing silica, titanium oxide, and carbon nanotubes are notoriously known for their undesirable inflammatory responses and associated toxicities that have been extensively studied in the environmental and occupational toxicology fields. Biopersistance and inflammation of "hard" nanofibers prevent their broader biomedical applications. To utilize the structural benefits of fibrous nanomaterials for functionalization with moieties of therapeutic significance while preventing undesirable immune responses, researchers employ natural biopolymers─RNA and DNA─to design "soft" and biodegradable nanomaterials with controlled immunorecognition. Nucleic acid nanofibers have been shown to be safe and efficacious in applications that do not require their delivery into the cells such as the regulation of blood coagulation. Previous studies demonstrated that unlike traditional therapeutic nucleic acids (e.g., CpG DNA oligonucleotides) nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs), when used without a carrier, are not internalized by the immune cells and, as such, do not induce undesirable cytokine responses. In contrast, intracellular delivery of NANPs results in cytokine responses that are dependent on the physicochemical properties of these nanomaterials. However, the structure-activity relationship of innate immune responses to intracellularly delivered fibrous NANPs is poorly understood. Herein, we employ the intracellular delivery of model RNA/DNA nanofibers functionalized with G-quadruplex-based DNA aptamers to investigate how their structural properties influence cytokine responses. We demonstrate that nanofibers' scaffolds delivered to the immune cells using lipofectamine induce interferon response via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway activation and that DNA aptamers incorporation shields the fibers from recognition by cGAS and results in a lower interferon response. This structure-activity relationship study expands the current knowledge base to inform future practical applications of intracellularly delivered NANPs as vaccine adjuvants and immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Rebolledo
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Krishna Majithia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - M Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cedrone E, Schuster M, Preyer R, Dobrovolskaia MA. Understanding the Role of Scavenger Receptor A1 in Nanoparticle Uptake by Murine Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:293-298. [PMID: 38507011 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be cleared from the circulation and taken up by tissue-resident macrophages. This property can be beneficial when drug or antigen delivery to macrophages is desired; however, rapid clearance of nanoparticles not intended for delivery to immune cells may reduce nanoparticle circulation time and affect the efficacy of nanoparticle-formulated drug products. Therefore, understanding nanoparticles' uptake by macrophages is an essential step in the preclinical development of nanotechnology-based drug products. Understanding the route of nanoparticle uptake by macrophages may also provide mechanistic insights into the immunotoxicity of nanomaterials. The protocol described herein can be used to assess the nanoparticles' uptake by macrophages and understand the involvement of scavenger receptor A1 to inform mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Schuster
- AID Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH, Straßberg, Germany
- , Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA
| | - Rosemarie Preyer
- AID Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH, Straßberg, Germany
- , Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Antigen Presentation by Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells After Treatment with Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:161-169. [PMID: 38507002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are frequently considered in vaccine applications due to their ability to co-deliver multiple antigens and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells. Some nanoparticles also have intrinsic adjuvant properties that further enhance their ability to stimulate immune cells. The delivery of tumor-specific antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with subsequent antigenic peptide presentation in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules represents an essential effort in developing nanotechnology-based cancer vaccines. Experimental models are, therefore, needed to gauge the efficiency of nanotechnology carriers in achieving peptide antigen delivery to APCs and presentation in the context of MHC-I. The assay described herein utilizes a model antigen ovalbumin and model APCs, murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The 25-D1.16 antibody, specific to the ovalbumin (OVA) MHC-I peptide SIINFEKL, recognizes this peptide presented in the context of the murine H2-Kb class I MHC molecule, allowing the presentation of this antigen on APCs to be detected by flow cytometry after nanoparticle delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enping Hong
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crist RM, Clogston JD, Stern ST, Dobrovolskaia MA. Advancements in Nanoparticle Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:3-17. [PMID: 38506986 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology for drug delivery has made significant advancements over the last two decades. Innovations have been made in cancer research and development, including chemotherapies, imaging agents, and vaccine strategies, as well as other therapeutic areas, e.g., the recent commercialization of mRNA lipid nanoparticles as vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The field has also seen technological advancements to aid in addressing the complex questions posed by these novel therapies. In this latest edition of protocols and methods for nanoparticle characterization, we highlight both old and new methodologies for defining physicochemical properties, present both in vitro and in vivo methods to test for a variety of immunotoxicities, and describe assays used for pharmacological studies to assess drug release and tissue distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Crist
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah A, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Induction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress by Nanoparticles in T Cells Using MitoSOX Red Dye. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:145-151. [PMID: 38507000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The induction of oxidative stress by engineered nanomaterials has been associated with cytotoxic and inflammatory responses, damaging healthy cells and tissues. In contrast, when directed against cancer and autoinflammatory diseases, some nanomaterials inducing oxidative stress have also been reported as potential therapies for these disorders. Therefore, studying oxidative stress has become a popular tool not only in toxicology and immunotoxicology but in other areas of biology as well, including those related to developing novel therapies. Total oxidative stress may result from multiple cellular organelles. The protocol described herein allows for the analysis of oxidative stress in mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Antigen-Specific Stimulation of CD8 + T Cells by Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells After Treatment with Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:171-184. [PMID: 38507003 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The assessment of antigen presentation by dendritic cells and subsequent antigen-dependent activation of T lymphocytes is a critical step underlying the efficacy of nanoparticle-based therapeutic vaccines. Since nanoparticle physicochemical properties determine their interactions with the immune system, the early stages of nanotechnology-based vaccine development commonly involve optimizing the particles' properties to create a formulation with desired stability, antigen release, targeting of desired cell populations, and efficacy. To accelerate this process, in vitro models suitable for the rapid assessment of a novel vaccine candidate's efficacy are highly desirable. One such model is described in this protocol. Herein, nanoparticles are formulated to deliver a model antigen, SIINFEKL (OVA257-264), the immunodominant class I peptide derived from ovalbumin. These nanoparticles are added to the culture of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, which are subsequently co-incubated with CD8+ T cells from OT-I transgenic mice. The efficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells results in the antigen-dependent proliferation of CD8+ T cells, which is detected by flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enping Hong
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah A, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Nanoparticle-Mediated Total Oxidative Stress in T Cells Using CM-H 2DCFDA Dye. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:137-143. [PMID: 38506999 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is commonly observed in cells following exposure to nanoparticles. Both negative (e.g., cytotoxicity and inflammation) and beneficial (e.g., anti-inflammatory and tumor growth inhibiting) responses have been linked in the literature to oxidative stress, emphasizing the importance of developing methodologies to study this phenomenon in cells following their exposure to nanoparticles. In the protocol described herein, primary human T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donor volunteers are treated with nanoparticles and controls, and the generation of reactive oxygen species is detected by flow cytometry using CM-H2DCFDA reagent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah A, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Nanoparticle-Mediated Change in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in T Cells Using JC-1 Dye. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:153-159. [PMID: 38507001 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell death. While eliminating cancer cells is beneficial for cancer therapy, cytotoxicity to healthy cells may limit the therapeutic applications of mitochondria-damaging nanoparticles. Due to the critical role mitochondria play in cell viability and function, it is important to detect such alterations when studying nanomaterials for therapeutic applications. The protocol described herein utilizes JC-1 dye to detect nanoparticle-mediated changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and is intended to support mechanistic immunotoxicology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Pre-Existing Antibodies to Polyethylene Glycol and PEGylated Liposomes in Human Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:185-192. [PMID: 38507004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol, or PEG, is common in consumer products, over-the-counter medications, food, and pharmaceutical products. Concerns about PEG immunogenicity and the subsequent negative impact of pre-existing and product-induced antibodies often shadow the benefits of using PEG in nanotechnology-based products. Such anti-PEG antibodies contribute to the accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated nanomedicines and result in premature drug release and antibody-mediated toxicities. Recent data demonstrated that using PEG in COVID-19 lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines is associated with an induction of anti-PEG antibodies in healthy individuals, further contributing to the development or boosting of pre-existing antibodies and increasing the risks of antibody-mediated toxicities to other products containing PEG. Therefore, monitoring the levels of pre-existing and product-induced anti-PEG antibodies provides mechanistic insights for pharmacology, toxicology, and immunological studies of PEGylated drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neun BW, Potter TM, Robinson C, Difilippantonio S, Edmondson E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Analysis of Nanoparticles' Potential to Induce Autoimmunity. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:121-127. [PMID: 38506997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune responses are characterized by the presence of antibodies and lymphocytes specific to self or so-called autoantigens. Among such autoantigens is DNA; therefore, screening for antibodies recognizing single- and/or double-stranded DNA is commonly used to detect and classify autoimmune diseases. While autoimmunity affects both sexes, females are generally more affected than males, which is recapitulated in some animal models. A variety of factors, including genetic predisposition and the environment, contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders. Since certain drug products may also contribute to the development of autoimmunity, understanding a drug's potential to trigger an autoimmune response is of interest to immunotoxicology. However, models to study autoimmunity are limited, and it is generally agreed that no model can accurately predict autoimmunity in humans. Herein, we present an in vivo protocol utilizing the SJL/J mouse model to study nanoparticles' effects on the development of autoimmune responses. The protocol is adapted from the literature describing the use of this model to study chemically induced lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Potter
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christina Robinson
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elijah Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Newton HS, Zhang J, Dobrovolskaia MA. Immunophenotyping, Part I: Instrument Calibration and Reagent Qualification for Immunophenotyping Analysis of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:245-267. [PMID: 38507009 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly used in biomedical applications to influence the way the immune system reacts to tumors and infectious disease-causing agents. Nanoparticles not-intended for immunomodulation can also influence immune responses by affecting immune cell subsets' viability and/or activity. While immunophenotyping is commonly used to assess the effects of drugs and nanoparticles on immune cell subsets, no standardized approach exists due to the breadth of available cell models and instrumentation. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for flow cytometer calibration and reagent qualification prior to its use in the immunophenotyping experiment. The strategies described herein can be adapted to other instruments. The subsequent chapter-immunophenotyping part II (Chap. 25 )-provides detailed instructions for applying this methodology to analyze nanoparticle effects on subsets of immune cells present in peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neun BW, Cedrone E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Analysis of Nanoparticle Adjuvant Properties. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:209-216. [PMID: 38507006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be engineered for targeted antigen delivery to immune cells and for stimulating an immune response to improve the antigen immunogenicity. This approach is commonly used to develop nanotechnology-based vaccines. In addition, some nanotechnology platforms may be initially designed for drug delivery, but in the course of subsequent characterization, additional immunomodulatory functions may be discovered that can potentially benefit vaccine efficacy. In both of these scenarios, an in vivo proof of concept study to verify the utility of the nanocarrier for improving vaccine efficacy is needed. Here we describe an experimental approach and considerations for designing an animal study to test adjuvant properties of engineered nanomaterials in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ilinskaya A, Shah A, Van Dusen A, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Intracellular Complement Activation by Nanoparticles in Human T Lymphocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:109-120. [PMID: 38506996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is complex and includes two main components: the systemic or plasma complement and the so-called intracellular complement or complosome. The complement proteins expressed by the liver and secreted into blood plasma compose the plasma complement system, whereas complement proteins expressed by and functioning inside the cell represent the intracellular complement. The complement system plays an essential role in host defense; however, complement activation may lead to pathologies when uncontrolled. When such undesirable activation of the plasma complement occurs in response to a drug product, it leads to immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions independent of immunoglobulin E. These reactions are often called complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). In addition to the blood plasma, the complement protein C3 is found in many cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, endothelial, and even cancer cells. The activation of the intracellular complement generates split products, which are exported from the cell onto the membrane. Since the activation of the intracellular complement in T lymphocytes was found to correlate with autoimmune disorders, and growing evidence is available for the involvement of T lymphocytes in the development of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions, understanding the ability of nanomaterials to activate intracellular complement may aid in establishing a long-term safety profile for these materials. This chapter describes a flow cytometry-based protocol for detecting intracellular complement activation by engineered nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cedrone E, Potter TM, Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. Methods for Analysis of Nanoparticle Immunosuppressive Properties. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:217-228. [PMID: 38507007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Adverse drug effects on immune system function represent a significant concern in the pharmaceutical industry, because 10-20% of drug withdrawal from the market is attributed to immunotoxicity. Immunosuppression is one such adverse effect. The traditional immune function test used to estimate materials' immunosuppression is T cell dependent antibody response (TDAR). This method involves a 28-day in vivo study evaluating the animal's antibody titer to a known antigen (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin; KLH) with and without challenge. Due to the limited quantities of novel drug candidates, an in vitro method called human lymphocyte activation (HuLA) assay has been developed to substitute the traditional TDAR assay during early preclinical development. In this test, leukocytes isolated from healthy donors vaccinated with the current year's flu vaccine are incubated with Fluzone in the presence or absence of nanoparticles. The antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation is then measured by ELISA analyzing incorporation of BrdU into DNA of the proliferating cells. Here we describe the experimental procedures for investigating immunosuppressive properties of nanoparticles by both TDAR and HuLA assays, discuss the in vitro-in vivo correlation of these methods, and show a case study using the iron oxide nanoparticle formulation, Feraheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Potter
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Newton HS, Zhang J, Dobrovolskaia MA. Immunophenotyping, Part II: Analysis of Nanoparticle Effects on the Composition and Activation Status of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:269-291. [PMID: 38507010 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers requires analysis of their safety, which among other tests, includes immunotoxicity. Nanoparticles are also increasingly used for applications intended to specifically activate, inhibit, or modify the immune system's responses to improve the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, cancer immunotherapy, and vaccines targeting cancer cells and viral and bacterial pathogens. In addition to the safety, the analysis of nanoparticles intended for immune system targeting includes mechanistic immunology investigations. Immunophenotyping provides researchers with a tool to assess the immune cell viability and activation status. These results provide mechanistic insights into nanoparticle efficacy and toxicity and therefore are of interest to the biomedical nanotechnology field. However, no standardized approaches exist due to the breadth of methods and instruments available for this analysis. This chapter provides detailed instructions for applying this methodology to analyze nanoparticle effects on subsets of immune cells present in peripheral blood. While this experimental strategy is specific to the NovoCyte 3005 flow cytometer, it can be adapted to other instruments. Instructions for instrument setup, calibration, and antibody qualification are described in this book's Chapter 24 , Immunophenotyping, part I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shah A, Sanders C, Difilippantonio S, Edmondson E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Analysis of Nanoparticles' Effects on Drug-Induced Psoriasis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:129-135. [PMID: 38506998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, an auto-inflammatory disorder, has major manifestations in the skin but can affect other organs. Currently, this condition has no cure, and the treatments include anti-inflammatory medications. Nanoparticles are widely used for drug delivery and have found successful applications in therapy for cancer and infectious diseases. Nanoparticles can also be used to deliver anti-inflammatory drugs to sites of inflammation. Moreover, some nanotechnology platforms possess intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit the therapy of inflammation-driven disorders. Herein, we present a protocol to study nanotechnology concepts' anti-inflammatory properties in a chemically-induced psoriasis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chelsea Sanders
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elijah Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Potter TM, Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Analysis of Nanoparticles' Potential to Induce Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:193-207. [PMID: 38507005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are among the common reasons for drug withdrawal from clinical use during the post-marketing stage. Several in vivo methods have been developed to test DTH responses in animal models. They include the local lymph node assay (LLNA) and local lymph node proliferation assay (LLNP). While LLNA is instrumental in testing topically administered formulations (e.g., creams), the LLNP was proven to be predictive of drug-mediated DTH in response to small molecule pharmaceuticals. Global efforts in reducing the use of research animals lead to the development of in vitro models to predict test-materials' mediated DTH. Two such models include the analysis of surface marker expression in human cell lines THP-1 and U-937. These tests are known as the human cell line activation test (hCLAT) and myeloid U937 skin sensitization test (MUSST or U-SENS), respectively. Here we describe experimental procedures for all these methods, discuss their in vitro-in vivo correlation, and suggest a strategy for applying these tests to analyze engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnology-formulated drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Potter
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Beta-Glucan Contamination in Nanoparticle Formulations. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:101-108. [PMID: 38506995 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Beta-glucans with diverse chemical structures are produced by a variety of microorganisms and are commonly found in microbial cell walls. β-(1,3)-D-glucans are present in yeast and fungi, and, for this reason, their traces are commonly used as a sign of yeast or fungal infection or contamination. Despite being less immunologically active than endotoxins, beta-glucans are pro-inflammatory and can activate cytokines and other immunological responses via their cognate pattern recognition receptors. Unlike endotoxins, there is no established threshold pyrogen dose for beta-glucans; as such, their quantity in pharmaceutical products is not regulated. Nevertheless, regulatory agencies recognize the potential contribution of beta-glucans to the immunogenicity of protein-containing drug products and recommend assessing beta-glucans to aid the interpretation of immunotoxicity studies and assess the risk of immunogenicity. The protocol for the detection and quantification of β-(1,3)-D-glucans in nanoparticle formulations is based on a modified limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. The results of this test are used to inform immunotoxicity studies of nanotechnology-based drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. Current Considerations and Practical Solutions for Overcoming Nanoparticle Interference with LAL Assays and Minimizing Endotoxin Contamination. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:87-99. [PMID: 38506994 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring endotoxin contamination in drugs and medical devices is required to avoid pyrogenic responses and septic shock in patients receiving these products. Endotoxin contamination of engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnology-based medical products represents a significant translational hurdle. Nanoparticles often interfere with an in vitro limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for the detection and quantification of endotoxin. Such interference challenges the preclinical development of nanotechnology-formulated drugs and medical devices containing engineered nanomaterials. Protocols for the analysis of nanoparticles using LAL assays have been reported before. Here, we discuss considerations for selecting an LAL format and describe a few experimental approaches for overcoming nanoparticle interference with the LAL assays to obtain more accurate estimations of endotoxin contamination in nanotechnology-based products. The discussed approaches do not solve all types of nanoparticle interference with the LAL assays but could be used as a starting point to address the problem. This chapter also describes approaches to prevent endotoxin contamination in nanotechnology-formulated products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Newton HS, Zhang J, Donohue D, Unnithan R, Cedrone E, Xu J, Vermilya A, Malys T, Clogston JD, Dobrovolskaia MA. Multicolor flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping for preclinical characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations: an insight into structure activity relationship and nanoparticle biocompatibility profiles. Front Allergy 2023; 4:1126012. [PMID: 37470031 PMCID: PMC10353541 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunophenotyping, which is the identification of immune cell subsets based on antigen expression, is an integral technique used to determine changes of cell composition and activation in various disease states or as a response to different stimuli. As nanoparticles are increasingly utilized for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, it is important to develop methodology that allows for the evaluation of their immunological impact. Therefore, the development of techniques such as immunophenotyping are desirable. Currently, the most common technique used to perform immunophenotyping is multicolor flow cytometry. Methods We developed two distinct multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotyping panels which allow for the evaluation of the effects of nanoparticles on the composition and activation status of treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These two panels assess the presence of various lymphoid and myeloid-derived cell populations as well as aspects of their activation statuses-including proliferation, adhesion, co-stimulation/presentation, and early activation-after treatment with controls or nanoparticles. To conduct assay performance qualification and determine the applicability of this method to preclinical characterization of nanoparticles, we used clinical-grade nanoformulations (AmBisome, Doxil and Feraheme) and research-grade PAMAM dendrimers of different sizes (G3, G4 and G5) and surface functionalities (amine-, carboxy- and hydroxy-). Results and Discussion We found that formulations possessing intrinsic fluorescent properties (e.g., Doxil and AmBisome) interfere with accurate immunophenotyping; such interference may be partially overcome by dilution. In the absence of interference (e.g., in the case of dendrimers), nanoparticle size and surface functionalities determine their effects on the cells with large amine-terminated dendrimers being the most reactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jenny Zhang
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Duncan Donohue
- Statistics Department, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ragi Unnithan
- Statistics Department, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Alison Vermilya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tyler Malys
- Statistics Department, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Special Issue "Nanotechnology to Overcome the World's Most Critical Health Issues: Liposomes and Beyond-A Themed Issue Dedicated to Professor Yechezkel Barenholz". Molecules 2023; 28:4788. [PMID: 37375343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue is intended to celebrate Professor Yechezkel Barenholz's distinguished achievements [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Newton HS, Radwan Y, Xu J, Clogston JD, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Change in Lipofectamine Carrier as a Tool to Fine-Tune Immunostimulation of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114484. [PMID: 37298960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) require a carrier to allow for their intracellular delivery to immune cells. Cytokine production, specifically type I and III interferons, allows for reliable monitoring of the carrier effect on NANP immunostimulation. Recent studies have shown that changes in the delivery platform (e.g., lipid-based carriers vs. dendrimers) can alter NANPs' immunorecognition and downstream cytokine production in various immune cell populations. Herein, we used flow cytometry and measured cytokine induction to show how compositional variations in commercially available lipofectamine carriers impact the immunostimulatory properties of NANPs with different architectural characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yasmine Radwan
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wamhoff EC, Knappe GA, Burds AA, Du RR, Neun BW, Difilippantonio S, Sanders C, Edmondson EF, Matta JL, Dobrovolskaia MA, Bathe M. Evaluation of Nonmodified Wireframe DNA Origami for Acute Toxicity and Biodistribution in Mice. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1960-1969. [PMID: 37040258 PMCID: PMC10189729 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Wireframe DNA origami can be used to fabricate virus-like particles for a range of biomedical applications, including the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. However, the acute toxicity and biodistribution of these wireframe nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have not been previously characterized in animal models. In the present study, we observed no indications of toxicity in BALB/c mice following a therapeutically relevant dosage of nonmodified DNA-based NANPs via intravenous administration, based on liver and kidney histology, liver and kidney biochemistry, and body weight. Further, the immunotoxicity of these NANPs was minimal, as indicated by blood cell counts and type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In an SJL/J model of autoimmunity, we observed no indications of NANP-mediated DNA-specific antibody response or immune-mediated kidney pathology following the intraperitoneal administration of NANPs. Finally, biodistribution studies revealed that these NANPs accumulate in the liver within one hour, concomitant with substantial renal clearance. Our observations support the continued development of wireframe DNA-based NANPs as next-generation nucleic acid therapeutic delivery platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Grant A. Knappe
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Aurora A. Burds
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Du
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Neun
- Nanotechnology
Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States of America
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory
of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Sanders
- Laboratory
of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States of America
| | - Elijah F. Edmondson
- Molecular
Histology and Pathology Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Matta
- Molecular
Histology and Pathology Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States of America
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology
Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States of America
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wamhoff EC, Knappe GA, Burds AA, Du RR, Neun BW, Difilippantonio S, Sanders C, Edmondson EF, Matta JL, Dobrovolskaia MA, Bathe M. Evaluation of non-modified wireframe DNA origami for acute toxicity and biodistribution in mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.25.530026. [PMID: 36909507 PMCID: PMC10002694 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.25.530026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Wireframe DNA origami can be used to fabricate virus-like particles for a range of biomedical applications, including the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. However, the acute toxicity and biodistribution of these wireframe nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have not previously been characterized in animal models. In the present study, we observed no indications of toxicity in BALB/c mice following therapeutically relevant dosage of unmodified DNA-based NANPs via intravenous administration, based on liver and kidney histology, liver biochemistry, and body weight. Further, the immunotoxicity of these NANPs was minimal, as indicated by blood cell counts and type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In an SJL/J model of autoimmunity, we observed no indications of NANP-mediated DNA-specific antibody response or immune-mediated kidney pathology following the intraperitoneal administration of NANPs. Finally, biodistribution studies revealed that these NANPs accumulate in the liver within one hour, concomitant with substantial renal clearance. Our observations support the continued development of wireframe DNA-based NANPs as next-generation nucleic acid therapeutic delivery platforms.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohammad SN, Choi YS, Chung JY, Cedrone E, Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA, Yang X, Guo W, Chew YC, Kim J, Baek S, Kim IS, Fruman DA, Kwon YJ. Nanocomplexes of doxorubicin and DNA fragments for efficient and safe cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 354:91-108. [PMID: 36572154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-targeted therapy by a chemotherapeutic agent formulated in a nanoscale platform has been challenged by complex and inefficient manufacturing, low drug loading, difficult characterization, and marginally improved therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated facile-to-produce nanocomplexes of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used cancer drug, and clinically approved DNA fragments that are extracted from a natural source. DOX was found to self-assemble DNA fragments into relatively monodispersed nanocomplexes with a diameter of ∼70 nm at 14.3% (w/w) drug loading by simple and scalable mixing. The resulting DOX/DNA nanocomplexes showed sustained DOX release, unlike overly stable Doxil®, cellular uptake via multiple endocytosis pathways, and high hematological and immunological compatibility. DOX/DNA nanocomplexes eradicated EL4 T lymphoma cells in a time-dependent manner, eventually surpassing free DOX. Extended circulation of DOX/DNA nanocomplexes, while avoiding off-target accumulation in the lung and being cleared from the liver, resulted in rapid accumulation in tumor and lowered cardio toxicity. Finally, tumor growth of EL4-challenged C57BL/6 mice (syngeneic model) and OPM2-challenged NSG mice (human xenograft model) were efficiently inhibited by DOX/DNA nanocomplexes with enhanced overall survival, in comparison with free DOX and Doxil®, especially upon repeated administrations. DOX/DNA nanocomplexes are a promising chemotherapeutics delivery platform for their ease of manufacturing, high biocompatibility, desired drug release and accumulation, efficient tumor eradication with improved safety, and further engineering versatility for extended therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad N Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jee Young Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA 92604, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA 92604, United States
| | - Yap Ching Chew
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA 92604, United States
| | - Juwan Kim
- Pharma Research, Co, Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggul Baek
- Pharma Research, Co, Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Soo Kim
- Pharma Research, Co, Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cedrone E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Nanoparticles' Ability to Stimulate Toll-Like Receptors Using HEK-Blue Reporter Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2709:241-251. [PMID: 37572285 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3417-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be used to formulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as vaccine and immunotherapy adjuvants or contain undesirable contaminants (e.g., endotoxin, CpG DNA, flagellin) with TLR-agonist activity. In both scenarios, the activation of the innate immune pattern recognition receptor leads to the inflammatory response that can be beneficial as in the case with vaccines and immunotherapies or adverse as in the case with contaminants. The protocol described herein utilizes commercially available reporter cell lines expressing individual TLRs, which, upon activation with their cognate agonists, stimulate the cells to produce secreted alkaline phosphatase detectable using a plate reader.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Three-dimensional wireframe DNA origami have programmable structural and sequence features that render them potentially suitable for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. However, their innate immunological properties, which stem from parameters including geometric shape and cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) content, remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the immunostimulatory properties of 3D wireframe DNA origami on the TLR9 pathway using both reporter cell lines and primary immune cells. Our results suggest that bare 3D polyhedral wireframe DNA origami induce minimal TLR9 activation despite the presence of numerous internal CpG dinucleotides. However, when displaying multivalent CpG-containing ssDNA oligos, wireframe DNA origami induce robust TLR9 pathway activation, along with enhancement of downstream immune response as evidenced by increases in Type I and Type III interferon (IFN) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Further, we find that CpG copy number and spatial organization each contribute to the magnitude of TLR9 signaling and that NANP-attached CpGs do not require phosphorothioate stabilization to elicit signaling. These results suggest key design parameters for wireframe DNA origami that can be programmed to modulate immune pathway activation controllably for prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Du
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anna Romanov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Reuven Falkovich
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ke W, Crist RM, Clogston JD, Stern ST, Dobrovolskaia MA, Grodzinski P, Jensen MA. Trends and patterns in cancer nanotechnology research: A survey of NCI's caNanoLab and nanotechnology characterization laboratory. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114591. [PMID: 36332724 PMCID: PMC9712232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanotechnologies possess immense potential as therapeutic and diagnostic treatment modalities and have undergone significant and rapid advancement in recent years. With this emergence, the complexities of data standards in the field are on the rise. Data sharing and reanalysis is essential to more fully utilize this complex, interdisciplinary information to answer research questions, promote the technologies, optimize use of funding, and maximize the return on scientific investments. In order to support this, various data-sharing portals and repositories have been developed which not only provide searchable nanomaterial characterization data, but also provide access to standardized protocols for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials as well as cutting-edge publications. The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) caNanoLab is a dedicated repository for all aspects pertaining to cancer-related nanotechnology data. The searchable database provides a unique opportunity for data mining and the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which aims to be an essential arm of future research studies, potentially speeding the design and optimization of next-generation therapies. It also provides an opportunity to track the latest trends and patterns in nanomedicine research. This manuscript provides the first look at such trends extracted from caNanoLab and compares these to similar metrics from the NCI's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, a laboratory providing preclinical characterization of cancer nanotechnologies to researchers around the globe. Together, these analyses provide insight into the emerging interests of the research community and rise of promising nanoparticle technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ke
- Bioinformatics and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rachael M Crist
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mark A Jensen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chandler M, Jain S, Halman J, Hong E, Dobrovolskaia MA, Zakharov AV, Afonin KA. Artificial Immune Cell, AI-cell, a New Tool to Predict Interferon Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Response to Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles. Small 2022; 18:e2204941. [PMID: 36216772 PMCID: PMC9671856 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles, or NANPs, rationally designed to communicate with the human immune system, can offer innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional nucleic acid therapies. Each set of NANPs is unique in their architectural parameters and physicochemical properties, which together with the type of delivery vehicles determine the kind and the magnitude of their immune response. Currently, there are no predictive tools that would reliably guide the design of NANPs to the desired immunological outcome, a step crucial for the success of personalized therapies. Through a systematic approach investigating physicochemical and immunological profiles of a comprehensive panel of various NANPs, the research team developes and experimentally validates a computational model based on the transformer architecture able to predict the immune activities of NANPs. It is anticipated that the freely accessible computational tool that is called an "artificial immune cell," or AI-cell, will aid in addressing the current critical public health challenges related to safety criteria of nucleic acid therapies in a timely manner and promote the development of novel biomedical tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Sankalp Jain
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Justin Halman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Enping Hong
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chandler M, Rolband L, Johnson MB, Shi D, Avila YI, Cedrone E, Beasock D, Danai L, Stassenko E, Krueger JK, Jiang J, Lee JS, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Expanding Structural Space for Immunomodulatory Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (Nanps) via Spatial Arrangement of Their Therapeutic Moieties. Adv Funct Mater 2022; 32:2205581. [PMID: 37008199 PMCID: PMC10065476 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Different therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) can be unified in a single structure by their elongation with short oligonucleotides designed to self-assemble into nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs). With this approach, therapeutic cocktails with precisely controlled composition and stoichiometry of active ingredients can be delivered to the same diseased cells for enhancing pharmaceutical action. In this work, an additional nanotechnology-based therapeutic option that enlists a biocompatible NANP-encoded platform for their controlled patient-specific immunorecognition is explored. For this, a set of representative functional NANPs is extensively characterized in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo and then further analyzed for immunostimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells freshly collected from healthy donor volunteers. The results of the study present the advancement of the current TNA approach toward personalized medicine and offer a new strategy to potentially address top public health challenges related to drug overdose and safety through the biodegradable nature of the functional platform with immunostimulatory regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Lewis Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - M Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Da Shi
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yelixza I Avila
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Leyla Danai
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stassenko
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Joanna K Krueger
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Jiancheng Jiang
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Jeoung Soo Lee
- Drug Design, Development, and Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dobrovolskaia MA. Lessons learned from immunological characterization of nanomaterials at the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984252. [PMID: 36304452 PMCID: PMC9592561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology carriers have become common in pharmaceutical products because of their benefits to drug delivery, including reduced toxicities and improved efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients due to targeted delivery, prolonged circulation time, and controlled payload release. While available examples of reduced drug toxicity through formulation using a nanocarrier are encouraging, current data also demonstrate that nanoparticles may change a drug’s biodistribution and alter its toxicity profile. Moreover, individual components of nanoparticles and excipients commonly used in formulations are often not immunologically inert and contribute to the overall immune responses to nanotechnology-formulated products. Said immune responses may be beneficial or adverse depending on the indication, dose, dose regimen, and route of administration. Therefore, comprehensive toxicology studies are of paramount importance even when previously known drugs, components, and excipients are used in nanoformulations. Recent data also suggest that, despite decades of research directed at hiding nanocarriers from the immune recognition, the immune system’s inherent property of clearing particulate materials can be leveraged to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs formulated using nanoparticles. Herein, I review current knowledge about nanoparticles’ interaction with the immune system and how these interactions contribute to nanotechnology-formulated drug products’ safety and efficacy through the lens of over a decade of nanoparticle characterization at the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The field of cancer nanomedicine seeks to overcome the inherent shortcomings of conventional cancer diagnostics and therapies. Yet despite the surge of interest in and attractive attributes of nanotechnologies, challenges remain in their clinical translation, prompting some to argue that they have not yet reached their true potential. In this Viewpoint article, we asked four experts for their opinions on how we can fulfil the great promise of nanomedicine for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ke W, Chandler M, Cedrone E, Saito RF, Rangel MC, de Souza Junqueira M, Wang J, Shi D, Truong N, Richardson M, Rolband LA, Dréau D, Bedocs P, Chammas R, Dokholyan NV, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Locking and Unlocking Thrombin Function Using Immunoquiescent Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles with Regulated Retention In Vivo. Nano Lett 2022; 22:5961-5972. [PMID: 35786891 PMCID: PMC9511123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unbalanced coagulation of blood is a life-threatening event that requires accurate and timely treatment. We introduce a user-friendly biomolecular platform based on modular RNA-DNA anticoagulant fibers programmed for reversible extracellular communication with thrombin and subsequent control of anticoagulation via a "kill-switch" mechanism that restores hemostasis. To demonstrate the potential of this reconfigurable technology, we designed and tested a set of anticoagulant fibers that carry different thrombin-binding aptamers. All fibers are immunoquiescent, as confirmed in freshly collected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To assess interindividual variability, the anticoagulation is confirmed in the blood of human donors from the U.S. and Brazil. The anticoagulant fibers reveal superior anticoagulant activity and prolonged renal clearance in vivo in comparison to free aptamers. Finally, we confirm the efficacy of the "kill-switch" mechanism in vivo in murine and porcine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Renata F Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Da Shi
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nguyen Truong
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Melina Richardson
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Lewis A Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Peter Bedocs
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Roger Chammas
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Newton HS, Dobrovolskaia MA. Immunophenotyping: Analytical approaches and role in preclinical development of nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114281. [PMID: 35405297 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products can activate immune cells, suppress their function, or change the immune responses to traditional immunologically active agonists such as those present in microbes. Therefore, the assessment of immunostimulation, immunosuppression, and immunomodulation comprises the backbone of immunotoxicity studies of new drug entities. Depending on physicochemical properties (e.g., size, charge, surface functionalities, hydrophobicity), nanoparticles can be immunostimulatory, immunosuppressive, and immunomodulatory. Various methods and experimental frameworks have been established to support preclinical translational studies of nanotechnology-based drug products. Immunophenotyping after the exposure of cells or preclinical animal models to nanoparticles can provide critical information about the changes in both the numbers of immune cells and their activation status. However, this methodology is underutilized in preclinical studies of engineered nanomaterials. Herein, we review current literature about varieties of instrumentation and methods utilized for immunophenotyping, discuss their advantages and limitations, and propose a roadmap for applying immunophenotyping to support preclinical immunological characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Szebeni J, Storm G, Ljubimova JY, Castells M, Phillips EJ, Turjeman K, Barenholz Y, Crommelin DJA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Applying lessons learned from nanomedicines to understand rare hypersensitivity reactions to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:337-346. [PMID: 35393599 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
After over a billion of vaccinations with messenger RNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, anaphylaxis and other manifestations of hypersensitivity can be considered as very rare adverse events. Although current recommendations include avoiding a second dose in those with first-dose anaphylaxis, the underlying mechanisms are unknown; therefore, the risk of a future reaction cannot be predicted. Given how important new mRNA constructs will be to address the emergence of new viral variants and viruses, there is an urgent need for clinical approaches that would allow a safe repeated immunization of high-risk individuals and for reliable predictive tools of adverse reactions to mRNA vaccines. In many aspects, anaphylaxis symptoms experienced by the affected vaccine recipients resemble those of infusion reactions to nanomedicines. Here we share lessons learned over a decade of nanomedicine research and discuss the current knowledge about several factors that individually or collectively contribute to infusion reactions to nanomedicines. We aim to use this knowledge to inform the SARS-CoV-2 lipid-nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Szebeni
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SeroScience LCC, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mariana Castells
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keren Turjeman
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tran AN, Chandler M, Halman J, Beasock D, Fessler A, McKeough RQ, Lam PA, Furr DP, Wang J, Cedrone E, Dobrovolskaia MA, Dokholyan NV, Trammell SR, Afonin KA. Anhydrous Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles for Storage and Handling at Broad Range of Temperatures. Small 2022; 18:e2104814. [PMID: 35128787 PMCID: PMC8976831 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology now allow for the methodical implementation of therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) into modular nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) with tunable physicochemical properties which can match the desired biological effects, provide uniformity, and regulate the delivery of multiple TNAs for combinatorial therapy. Despite the potential of novel NANPs, the maintenance of their structural integrity during storage and shipping remains a vital issue that impedes their broader applications. Cold chain storage is required to maintain the potency of NANPs in the liquid phase, which greatly increases transportation costs. To promote long-term storage and retention of biological activities at higher temperatures (e.g., +50 °C), a panel of representative NANPs is first exposed to three different drying mechanisms-vacuum concentration (SpeedVac), lyophilization (Lyo), and light-assisted drying (LAD)-and then rehydrated and analyzed. While SpeedVac primarily operates using heat, Lyo avoids temperature increases by taking advantage of pressure reduction and LAD involves a near-infrared laser for uniform drying in the presence of trehalose. This work compares and defines refinements crucial in formulating an optimal strategy for producing stable, fully functional NANPs and presents a forward advancement in their development for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Tran
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Justin Halman
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Adam Fessler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Riley Q McKeough
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Phuong Anh Lam
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Daniel P Furr
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Susan R Trammell
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA, Ke W, Grodzinski P, Bathe M. Critical review of nucleic acid nanotechnology to identify gaps and inform a strategy for accelerated clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114081. [PMID: 34915069 PMCID: PMC8886801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With numerous recent advances, the field of therapeutic nucleic acid nanotechnology is now poised for clinical translation supported by several examples of FDA-approved nucleic acid nanoformulations including two recent mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Within this rapidly growing field, a new subclass of nucleic acid therapeutics called nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) has emerged in recent years, which offers several unique properties distinguishing it from traditional therapeutic nucleic acids. Key unique aspects of NANPs include their well-defined 3D structure, their tunable multivalent architectures, and their ability to incorporate conditional activations of therapeutic targeting and release functions that enable diagnosis and therapy of cancer, regulation of blood coagulation disorders, as well as the development of novel vaccines, immunotherapies, and gene therapies. However, non-consolidated research developments of this highly interdisciplinary field create crucial barriers that must be overcome in order to impact a broader range of clinical indications. Forming a consortium framework for nucleic acid nanotechnology would prioritize and consolidate translational efforts, offer several unifying solutions to expedite their transition from bench-to-bedside, and potentially decrease the socio-economic burden on patients for a range of conditions. Herein, we review the unique properties of NANPs in the context of therapeutic applications and discuss their associated translational challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Weina Ke
- Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shi D, Beasock D, Fessler A, Szebeni J, Ljubimova JY, Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA. To PEGylate or not to PEGylate: Immunological properties of nanomedicine's most popular component, polyethylene glycol and its alternatives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114079. [PMID: 34902516 PMCID: PMC8899923 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol or PEG has a long history of use in medicine. Many conventional formulations utilize PEG as either an active ingredient or an excipient. PEG found its use in biotechnology therapeutics as a tool to slow down drug clearance and shield protein therapeutics from undesirable immunogenicity. Nanotechnology field applies PEG to create stealth drug carriers with prolonged circulation time and decreased recognition and clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Most nanomedicines approved for clinical use and experimental nanotherapeutics contain PEG. Among the most recent successful examples are two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines that are delivered by PEGylated lipid nanoparticles. The breadth of PEG use in a wide variety of over the counter (OTC) medications as well as in drug products and vaccines stimulated research which uncovered that PEG is not as immunologically inert as it was initially expected. Herein, we review the current understanding of PEG's immunological properties and discuss them in the context of synthesis, biodistribution, safety, efficacy, and characterization of PEGylated nanomedicines. We also review the current knowledge about immunological compatibility of other polymers that are being actively investigated as PEG alternatives.
Collapse
Key Words
- Poly(ethylene)glycol, PEG, immunogenicity, immunology, nanomedicine, toxicity, anti-PEG antibodies, hypersensitivity, synthesis, drug delivery, biotherapeutics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Shi
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD, USA
| | - Damian Beasock
- University of North Carolina Charlotte; Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Adam Fessler
- University of North Carolina Charlotte; Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD, USA;,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chandler M, Johnson B, Khisamutdinov E, Dobrovolskaia MA, Sztuba-Solinska J, Salem AK, Breyne K, Chammas R, Walter NG, Contreras LM, Guo P, Afonin KA. The International Society of RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (ISRNN): The Present and Future of the Burgeoning Field. ACS Nano 2021; 15:16957-16973. [PMID: 34677049 PMCID: PMC9023608 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The International Society of RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (ISRNN) hosts an annual meeting series focused on presenting the latest research achievements involving RNA-based therapeutics and strategies, aiming to expand their current biomedical applications while overcoming the remaining challenges of the burgeoning field of RNA nanotechnology. The most recent online meeting hosted a series of engaging talks and discussions from an international cohort of leading nanotechnologists that focused on RNA modifications and modulation, dynamic RNA structures, overcoming delivery limitations using a variety of innovative platforms and approaches, and addressing the newly explored potential for immunomodulation with programmable nucleic acid nanoparticles. In this Nano Focus, we summarize the main discussion points, conclusions, and future directions identified during this two-day webinar as well as more recent advances to highlight and to accelerate this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Emil Khisamutdinov
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47304, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joanna Sztuba-Solinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 120 W. Samford Avenue, Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussets 02114, United States
| | - Roger Chammas
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78714, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bila D, Radwan Y, Dobrovolskaia MA, Panigaj M, Afonin KA. The Recognition of and Reactions to Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles by Human Immune Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144231. [PMID: 34299506 PMCID: PMC8306967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively straightforward methods of designing and assembling various functional nucleic acids into nanoparticles offer advantages for applications in diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, due to the novelty of this approach, nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) are not yet used in the clinic. The immune recognition of NANPs is among the areas of preclinical investigation aimed at enabling the translation of these novel materials into clinical settings. NANPs’ interactions with the complement system, coagulation systems, and immune cells are essential components of their preclinical safety portfolio. It has been established that NANPs’ physicochemical properties—composition, shape, and size—determine their interactions with immune cells (primarily blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes), enable recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and mediate the subsequent cytokine response. However, unlike traditional therapeutic nucleic acids (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides), NANPs do not trigger a cytokine response unless they are delivered into the cells using a carrier. Recently, it was discovered that the type of carrier provides an additional tool for regulating both the spectrum and the magnitude of the cytokine response to NANPs. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NANPs’ interactions with various components of the immune system to emphasize the unique properties of these nanomaterials and highlight opportunities for their use in vaccines and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bila
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Yasmine Radwan
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Martin Panigaj
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1205 (M.P.); +1-704-687-0685 (K.A.A.)
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1205 (M.P.); +1-704-687-0685 (K.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Panigaj
- Institute of Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, 04154, Slovak Republic
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by The National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kozma GT, Mészáros T, Bakos T, Hennies M, Bencze D, Uzonyi B, Győrffy B, Cedrone E, Dobrovolskaia MA, Józsi M, Szebeni J. Mini-Factor H Modulates Complement-Dependent IL-6 and IL-10 Release in an Immune Cell Culture (PBMC) Model: Potential Benefits Against Cytokine Storm. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642860. [PMID: 33995361 PMCID: PMC8113956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm (CS), an excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines upon overactivation of the innate immune system, came recently to the focus of interest because of its role in the life-threatening consequences of certain immune therapies and viral diseases, including CAR-T cell therapy and Covid-19. Because complement activation with subsequent anaphylatoxin release is in the core of innate immune stimulation, studying the relationship between complement activation and cytokine release in an in vitro CS model holds promise to better understand CS and identify new therapies against it. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured in the presence of autologous serum to test the impact of complement activation and inhibition on cytokine release, testing the effects of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), zymosan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as immune activators and heat inactivation of serum, EDTA and mini-factor H (mfH) as complement inhibitors. These activators induced significant rises of complement activation markers C3a, C4a, C5a, Ba, Bb, and sC5b-9 at 45 min of incubation, with or without ~5- to ~2,000-fold rises of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and TNFα at 6 and 18 h later. Inhibition of complement activation by the mentioned three methods had differential inhibition, or even stimulation of certain cytokines, among which effects a limited suppressive effect of mfH on IL-6 secretion and significant stimulation of IL-10 implies anti-CS and anti-inflammatory impacts. These findings suggest the utility of the model for in vitro studies on CS, and the potential clinical use of mfH against CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Tibor Kozma
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SeroScience LCC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SeroScience LCC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bakos
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dániel Bencze
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Uzonyi
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Second Department of Bioinformatics and Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mihály Józsi
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Szebeni
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SeroScience LCC, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Avila YI, Chandler M, Cedrone E, Newton HS, Richardson M, Xu J, Clogston JD, Liptrott NJ, Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Induction of Cytokines by Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) Depends on the Type of Delivery Carrier. Molecules 2021; 26:652. [PMID: 33513786 PMCID: PMC7865455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the immunostimulatory properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have demonstrated that variations in the shape, size, and composition lead to distinct patterns in their immunostimulatory properties. While most of these studies have used a single lipid-based carrier to allow for NANPs' intracellular delivery, it is now apparent that the platform for delivery, which has historically been a hurdle for therapeutic nucleic acids, is an additional means to tailoring NANP immunorecognition. Here, the use of dendrimers for the delivery of NANPs is compared to the lipid-based platform and the differences in resulting cytokine induction are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelixza I. Avila
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Hannah S. Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Melina Richardson
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK;
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stevens DM, Adiseshaiah P, Dasa SSK, Potter TM, Skoczen SL, Snapp KS, Cedrone E, Patel N, Busman-Sahay K, Rosen EP, Sykes C, Cottrell M, Dobrovolskaia MA, Estes JD, Kashuba ADM, Stern ST. Application of a Scavenger Receptor A1-Targeted Polymeric Prodrug Platform for Lymphatic Drug Delivery in HIV. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3794-3812. [PMID: 32841040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a macromolecular prodrug platform based on poly(l-lysine succinylated) (PLS) that targets scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1), a receptor expressed by myeloid and endothelial cells. We demonstrate the selective uptake of PLS by murine macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells, which was eliminated upon cotreatment with the SR-A inhibitor polyinosinic acid (poly I). Further, we observed no uptake of PLS in an SR-A1-deficient RAW 264.7 cell line, even after 24 h incubation. In mice, PLS distributed to lymphatic organs following i.v. injection, as observed by ex vivo fluorescent imaging, and accumulated in lymph nodes following both i.v. and i.d. administrations, based on immunohistochemical analysis with high-resolution microscopy. As a proof-of-concept, the HIV antiviral emtricitabine (FTC) was conjugated to the polymer's succinyl groups via ester bonds, with a drug loading of 14.2% (wt/wt). The prodrug (PLS-FTC) demonstrated controlled release properties in vitro with a release half-life of 15 h in human plasma and 29 h in esterase-inhibited plasma, indicating that drug release occurs through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Upon incubation of PLS-FTC with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the released drug was converted to the active metabolite FTC triphosphate. In a pharmacokinetic study in rats, the prodrug achieved ∼7-19-fold higher concentrations in lymphatic tissues compared to those in FTC control, supporting lymphatic-targeted drug delivery. We believe that the SR-A1-targeted macromolecular PLS prodrug platform has extraordinary potential for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Stevens
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Pavan Adiseshaiah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Siva S K Dasa
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Tim M Potter
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Sarah L Skoczen
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Kelsie S Snapp
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Nimit Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States
| | - Elias P Rosen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Craig Sykes
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mackenzie Cottrell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, United States.,Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Angela D M Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA, Church G, Bathe M. Opportunities, Barriers, and a Strategy for Overcoming Translational Challenges to Therapeutic Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2020; 14:9221-9227. [PMID: 32706238 PMCID: PMC7731581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical successes using therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) have accelerated the transition of nucleic acid nanotechnology toward therapeutic applications. Significant progress in the development, production, and characterization of nucleic acid nanomaterials and nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs), as well as abundant proof-of-concept data, are paving the way toward biomedical applications of these materials. This recent progress has catalyzed the development of new strategies for biosensing, imaging, drug delivery, and immunotherapies with previously unrecognized opportunities and identified some barriers that may impede the broader clinical translation of NANP technologies. A recent workshop sponsored by the Kavli Foundation and the Materials Research Society discussed the future directions and current challenges for the development of therapeutic nucleic acid nanotechnology. Herein, we communicate discussions on the opportunities, barriers, and strategies for realizing the clinical grand challenge of TNA nanotechnology, with a focus on ways to overcome barriers to advance NANPs to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - George Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Crist RM, Dasa SSK, Liu CH, Clogston JD, Dobrovolskaia MA, Stern ST. Challenges in the development of nanoparticle-based imaging agents: Characterization and biology. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2020; 13:e1665. [PMID: 32830448 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite imaging agents being some of the earliest nanomedicines in clinical use, the vast majority of current research and translational activities in the nanomedicine field involves therapeutics, while imaging agents are severely underrepresented. The reasons for this lack of representation are several fold, including difficulties in synthesis and scale-up, biocompatibility issues, lack of suitable tissue/disease selective targeting ligands and receptors, and a high bar for regulatory approval. The recent focus on immunotherapies and personalized medicine, and development of nanoparticle constructs with better tissue distribution and selectivity, provide new opportunities for nanomedicine imaging agent development. This manuscript will provide an overview of trends in imaging nanomedicine characterization and biocompatibility, and new horizons for future development. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Crist
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Siva Sai Krishna Dasa
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina H Liu
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dobrovolskaia MA, Bathe M. Opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of structured DNA assemblies as gene therapeutic delivery and vaccine vectors. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2020; 13:e1657. [PMID: 32672007 PMCID: PMC7736207 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapeutics including siRNAs, anti‐sense oligos, messenger RNAs, and CRISPR ribonucleoprotein complexes offer unmet potential to treat over 7,000 known genetic diseases, as well as cancer, through targeted in vivo modulation of aberrant gene expression and immune cell activation. Compared with viral vectors, nonviral delivery vectors offer controlled immunogenicity and low manufacturing cost, yet suffer from limitations in toxicity, targeting, and transduction efficiency. Structured DNA assemblies fabricated using the principle of scaffolded DNA origami offer a new nonviral delivery vector with intrinsic, yet controllable immunostimulatory properties and virus‐like spatial presentation of ligands and immunogens for cell‐specific targeting, activation, and control over intracellular trafficking, in addition to low manufacturing cost. However, the relative utilities and limitations of these vectors must clearly be demonstrated in preclinical studies for their clinical potential to be realized. Here, we review the major capabilities, opportunities, and challenges we foresee in translating these next‐generation delivery and vaccine vectors to the clinic. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mohammadpour R, Cheney DL, Grunberger JW, Yazdimamaghani M, Jedrzkiewicz J, Isaacson KJ, Dobrovolskaia MA, Ghandehari H. One-year chronic toxicity evaluation of single dose intravenously administered silica nanoparticles in mice and their Ex vivo human hemocompatibility. J Control Release 2020; 324:471-481. [PMID: 32464151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic toxicity evaluations of nanotechnology-based drugs are essential to support initiation of clinical trials. Ideally such evaluations should address the dosing strategy in human applications and provide sufficient information for long-term usage. Herein, we investigated one-year toxicity of non-surface modified silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with variations in size and porosity (Stöber SNPs 46 ± 4.9 and 432.0 ± 18.7 nm and mesoporous SNPs 466.0 ± 86.0 nm) upon single dose intravenous administration to female and male BALB/c mice (10 animal/sex/group) along with their human blood compatibility. Our evidence of clinical observation and blood parameters showed no significant changes in body weight, cell blood count, nor plasma biomarker indices. No significant changes were noted in post necropsy examination of internal organs and organ-to-body weight ratio. However, microscopic examination revealed significant amount of liver inflammation and aggregates of histocytes with neutrophils within the spleen suggesting an ongoing or resolving injury. The fast accumulation of these plain SNPs in the liver and spleen upon IV administration and the duration needed for their clearance caused these injuries. There were also subtle changes which were attributed to prior infarctions or resolved intravascular thrombosis and included calcifications in pulmonary vessels, focal cardiac fibrosis with calcifications, and focal renal injury. Most of the pathologic lesions were observed when large, non-porous SNPs were administered. Statistically significant chronic toxicity was not observed for the small non-porous particles and for the mesoporous particles. This one-year post-exposure evaluation indicate that female and male BALB/c mice need up to one year to recover from acute tissue toxic effects of silica nanoparticles upon single dose intravenous administration at their 10-day maximum tolerated dose. Further, ex vivo testing with human blood and plasma revealed no hemolysis or complement activation following incubation with these silica nanoparticles. These results can inform the potential utility of silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications such as controlled drug delivery where intravenous injection of the particles is intended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Darwin L Cheney
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Jason W Grunberger
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Mostafa Yazdimamaghani
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Kyle J Isaacson
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nano Institute of Utah, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bavli Y, Chen BM, Roffler SR, Dobrovolskaia MA, Elnekave E, Ash S, Barenholz Y, Turjeman K. PEGylated Liposomal Methyl Prednisolone Succinate does not Induce Infusion Reactions in Patients: A Correlation Between in Vitro Immunological and in Vivo Clinical Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030558. [PMID: 32012928 PMCID: PMC7037198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylated nanomedicines are known to induce infusion reactions (IRs) that in some cases can be life-threatening. Herein, we report a case study in which a patient with rare mediastinal and intracardiac IgG4-related sclerosing disease received 8 treatments of intravenously administered PEGylated liposomal methylprednisolone-succinate (NSSL-MPS). Due to the ethical requirements to reduce IRs, the patient received a cocktail of premedication including low dose of steroids, acetaminophen and H2 blockers before each infusion. The treatment was well-tolerated in that IRs, complement activation, anti-PEG antibodies and accelerated blood clearance of the PEGylated drug were not detected. Prior to the clinical study, an in vitro panel of assays utilizing blood of healthy donors was used to determine the potential of a PEGylated drug to activate complement system, elicit pro-inflammatory cytokines, damage erythrocytes and affect various components of the blood coagulation system. The overall findings of the in vitro panel were negative and correlated with the results observed in the clinical phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaelle Bavli
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (Y.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (B.-M.C.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (B.-M.C.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Eldad Elnekave
- Davidoff Cancer Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Correspondence: (E.E.); (Y.B.)
| | - Shifra Ash
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tiqva, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 4920235, Israel;
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (Y.B.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.); (Y.B.)
| | - Keren Turjeman
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (Y.B.); (K.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dobrovolskaia MA. Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles at a Crossroads of Vaccines and Immunotherapies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244620. [PMID: 31861154 PMCID: PMC6943637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and immunotherapies involve a variety of technologies and act through different mechanisms to achieve a common goal, which is to optimize the immune response against an antigen. The antigen could be a molecule expressed on a pathogen (e.g., a disease-causing bacterium, a virus or another microorganism), abnormal or damaged host cells (e.g., cancer cells), environmental agent (e.g., nicotine from a tobacco smoke), or an allergen (e.g., pollen or food protein). Immunogenic vaccines and therapies optimize the immune response to improve the eradication of the pathogen or damaged cells. In contrast, tolerogenic vaccines and therapies retrain or blunt the immune response to antigens, which are recognized by the immune system as harmful to the host. To optimize the immune response to either improve the immunogenicity or induce tolerance, researchers employ different routes of administration, antigen-delivery systems, and adjuvants. Nanocarriers and adjuvants are of particular interest to the fields of vaccines and immunotherapy as they allow for targeted delivery of the antigens and direct the immune response against these antigens in desirable direction (i.e., to either enhance immunogenicity or induce tolerance). Recently, nanoparticles gained particular attention as antigen carriers and adjuvants. This review focuses on a particular subclass of nanoparticles, which are made of nucleic acids, so-called nucleic acid nanoparticles or NANPs. Immunological properties of these novel materials and considerations for their clinical translation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|