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Holhorea PG, Felip A, Calduch-Giner JÀ, Afonso JM, Pérez-Sánchez J. Use of male-to-female sex reversal as a welfare scoring system in the protandrous farmed gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1083255. [PMID: 36699328 PMCID: PMC9868933 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream is a highly cultured marine fish throughout the Mediterranean area, but new and strict criteria of welfare are needed to assure that the intensification of production has no negative effects on animal farming. Most welfare indicators are specific to a given phase of the production cycle, but others such as the timing of puberty and/or sex reversal are of retrospective value. This is of particular relevance in the protandrous gilthead sea bream, in which the sex ratio is highly regulated at the nutritional level. Social and environmental factors (e.g., contaminant loads) also alter the sex ratio, but the contribution of the genetic component remains unclear. To assess this complex issue, five gilthead sea bream families representative of slow/intermediate/fast growth were grown out with control or a plant-based diet in a common garden system from early life to the completion of their sexual maturity in 3-year-old fish. The plant-based diet highly enhanced the male-to-female sex reversal. This occurred in parallel with the progressive impairment of growth performance, which was indicative of changes in nutrient requirements as the result of the different energy demands for growth and reproduction through development. The effect of a different nutritional and genetic background on the reproductive performance was also assessed by measurements of circulating levels of sex steroids during the two consecutive spawning seasons, varying plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) with age, gender, diet, and genetic background. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 3-year-old fish displayed a gradual increase of the E2/11-KT ratio from males to females with the improvement of nutritional/genetic background. Altogether, these results support the use of a reproductive tract scoring system for leading farmed fish toward their optimum welfare condition, contributing to improving the productivity of the current gilthead sea bream livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Holhorea
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alicia Felip
- Group of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep À Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Papadaki M, Karamanlidis D, Sigelaki E, Fakriadis I, Mylonas CC. Evolution of sex ratio and egg production of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) over the course of five reproductive seasons. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kuc J, Thomas M, Grochowalska I, Kulczyk R, Mikosz G, Mrózek F, Janik D, Korta J, Cwynar K. Determination and Removal of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Total Organic Carbon from Surface Water by Aluminum Chlorohydrate Coagulant. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175740. [PMID: 36080505 PMCID: PMC9457546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, the removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and erythromycin (ERY), fluoxetine (FLX), amoxicillin (AMO), colistin (COL), ethynylestradiol (EE), and diclofenac (DIC) from surface water by coagulation is studied. The concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in 24 surface water samples originating from some rivers located in Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Silesia Voivodeship, Poland, was determined. The removal of TOC and pharmaceuticals was carried out using the application of Design of Experiments (DOE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and by addition of aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) as a coagulant. The study found that the concentration ranges of ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC in analyzed water samples were 7.58−412.32, 1.21−72.52, 1.22−68.55, 1.28−32.01, 5.36−45.56, 2.20−182.22 ng/L, respectively. In some cases, concentrations lower than 1 ng/L were determined. In optimal conditions of coagulation process of spiked surface water (pH = 6.5 ± 0.1, ACH dose = 0.35 mL/L, Time = 30 min; R2 = 0.8799, R2adj = 0.7998), the concentration of TOC, ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC was decreased by 88.7, 36.4, 24.7, 29.0, 25.5, 35.4, 30.4%, respectively. Simultaneously, turbidity, color, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Ammonium-Nitrogen (N-NH4) were decreased by 96.2%, >98.0%, 97.8%, 70.0%, 88.7%, 37.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that ACH may be an optional reagent to remove studied pharmaceuticals from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kuc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Maciej Thomas
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Iwona Grochowalska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Rafał Kulczyk
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mikosz
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Fabian Mrózek
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Janik
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Justyna Korta
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Cwynar
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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Colás-Ruiz NR, Ramirez G, Courant F, Gomez E, Hampel M, Lara-Martín PA. Multi-omic approach to evaluate the response of gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata) exposed to the UV filter sulisobenzone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150080. [PMID: 34525742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulisobenzone (BP-4) is one of the benzophenone type UV filters most frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems. As a suspected endocrine disrupting compound, scarce information is available yet about other molecular effects and its mechanism of action. Here, we used an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach to improve the current understanding on the toxicity of BP-4 towards aquatic species. Gilt-head sea bream individuals were exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations (10 μg L-1) for 22 days. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 371 differentially expressed genes in liver while metabolomic analysis identified 123 differentially modulated features in plasma and 118 in liver. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data showed disruption of the energy metabolism (>10 pathways related to the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates were impacted) and lipid metabolism (5 glycerophospholipids and the expression of 3 enzymes were affected), suggesting oxidative stress. We also observed, for the first time in vivo and at environmental relevant concentrations, the disruption of several enzymes involved in the steroid and thyroid hormones biosynthesis. DNA and RNA synthesis was also impacted by changes in the purine and pyrimidine metabolisms. Overall, the multiomic workflow presented here increases the evidence on suspected effects of BP-4 exposure and identifies additional modes of action of the compounds that could have been overlooked by using single omic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves R Colás-Ruiz
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CASEM), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gaëlle Ramirez
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CASEM), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CASEM), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Ayala MD, Gómez V, Cabas I, García Hernández MP, Chaves-Pozo E, Arizcun M, Garcia de la Serrana D, Gil F, García-Ayala A. The Effect of 17α-Ethynilestradiol and GPER1 Activation on Body and Muscle Growth, Muscle Composition and Growth-Related Gene Expression of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13118. [PMID: 34884924 PMCID: PMC8657972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals include natural and synthetic estrogens, such as 17α-ethynilestradiol (EE2), which can affect reproduction, growth and immunity. Estrogen signalling is mediated by nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors, such as the new G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The present work studies the effect of EE2 and G1 (an agonist of GPER1) on body and muscle parameters and growth-related genes of 54 two-year-old seabreams. The fish were fed a diet containing EE2 (EE2 group) and G1 (G1 group) for 45 days and then a diet without EE2 or G1 for 122 days. An untreated control group was also studied. At 45 days, the shortest body length was observed in the G1 group, while 79 and 122 days after the cessation of treatments, the shortest body growth was observed in the EE2 group. Hypertrophy of white fibers was higher in the EE2 and G1 groups than it was in the control group, whereas the opposite was the case with respect to hyperplasia. Textural hardness showed a negative correlation with the size of white fibers. At the end of the experiment, all fish analyzed in the EE2 group showed a predominance of the gonadal ovarian area. In addition, the highest expression of the mafbx gene (upregulated in catabolic signals) and mstn2 (myogenesis negative regulator) was found in EE2-exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Ayala
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (V.G.); (I.C.); (M.P.G.H.); (A.G.-A.)
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (V.G.); (I.C.); (M.P.G.H.); (A.G.-A.)
| | - María P. García Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (V.G.); (I.C.); (M.P.G.H.); (A.G.-A.)
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain; (E.C.-P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain; (E.C.-P.); (M.A.)
| | - Daniel Garcia de la Serrana
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Gil
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (V.G.); (I.C.); (M.P.G.H.); (A.G.-A.)
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