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Wang J, Li B, Luo M, Huang J, Zhang K, Zheng S, Zhang S, Zhou J. Progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: molecular features and clinical significance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:83. [PMID: 38570490 PMCID: PMC10991592 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents pre-invasive breast carcinoma. In untreated cases, 25-60% DCIS progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The challenge lies in distinguishing between non-progressive and progressive DCIS, often resulting in over- or under-treatment in many cases. With increasing screen-detected DCIS in these years, the nature of DCIS has aroused worldwide attention. A deeper understanding of the biological nature of DCIS and the molecular journey of the DCIS-IDC transition is crucial for more effective clinical management. Here, we reviewed the key signaling pathways in breast cancer that may contribute to DCIS initiation and progression. We also explored the molecular features of DCIS and IDC, shedding light on the progression of DCIS through both inherent changes within tumor cells and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, valuable research tools utilized in studying DCIS including preclinical models and newer advanced technologies such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and artificial intelligence, have been systematically summarized. Further, we thoroughly discussed the clinical advancements in DCIS and IDC, including prognostic biomarkers and clinical managements, with the aim of facilitating more personalized treatment strategies in the future. Research on DCIS has already yielded significant insights into breast carcinogenesis and will continue to pave the way for practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baizhou Li
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Meng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Karcini A, Mercier NR, Lazar IM. Proteomic Assessment of SKBR3/HER2+ Breast Cancer Cellular Response to Lapatinib and Investigational Ipatasertib Kinase Inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587656. [PMID: 38617302 PMCID: PMC11014527 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Modern cancer treatment approaches aim at achieving cancer remission by using targeted and personalized therapies, as well as harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the cancer cells. To overcome a relatively short-lived response due to the development of resistance to the administered drugs, combination therapies have been pursued, as well. To expand the outlook of combination therapies, the objective of this study was to use high-throughput data generation technologies such as mass spectrometry and proteomics to investigate the response of HER2+ breast cancer cells to a mixture of two kinase inhibitors that has not been adopted yet as a standard treatment regime. The broader landscape of biological processes that are affected by inhibiting two major pathways that sustain the growth and survival of cancer cells, i.e., EGFR and PI3K/AKT, was investigated by treating SKBR3/HER2+ breast cancer cells with Lapatinib or a mixture of Lapatinib/Ipatasertib small molecule drugs. Changes in protein expression and/or activity in response to the drug treatments were assessed by using two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches based on peak area and peptide spectrum match measurements. Over 900 proteins matched by three unique peptide sequences (FDR<0.05) were affected by the exposure of cells to the drugs. The work corroborated the anti-proliferative activity of Lapatinib and Ipatasertib, and, in addition to cell cycle and growth arrest processes enabled the identification of several multi-functional proteins with roles in cancer-supportive hallmark processes. Among these, immune response, adhesion and migration emerged as particularly relevant to the ability to effectively suppress the proliferation and dissemination of cancer cells. The supplementation of Lapatinib with Ipatasertib further affected the expression or activity of additional transcription factors and proteins involved in gene expression, trafficking, DNA repair, and development of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, over fifty of the affected proteins represented approved or investigational targets in the DrugBank database, which through their protein-protein interaction networks can inform the selection of effective therapeutic partners. Altogether, our findings exposed a broad plethora of yet untapped opportunities that can be further explored for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of each drug as well as of many other multi-drug therapies that target the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arba Karcini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Nicole R. Mercier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Nelson ED, Benesch MGK, Wu R, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. High EIF4EBP1 expression reflects mTOR pathway activity and cancer cell proliferation and is a biomarker for poor breast cancer prognosis. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:227-242. [PMID: 38323277 PMCID: PMC10839327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) is regulated by the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. Phosphorylated EIF4EBP1 protein leads to pathway activation and correlates with aggressive breast cancer features. However, the clinical relevance of EIF4EBP1 gene expression as a prognostic biomarker in bulk breast tumors is not understood. In this study, EIF4EBP1 expression was analyzed in over 5000 breast cancers from three large independent cohorts, TCGA, METABRIC, and SCAN-B (GSE96058), and expression was dichotomized into low and high groups by the median. We also performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and cell cybersorting via the xCell algorithm to investigate EIF4EBP1 biology and expression patterns within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We additionally confirmed EIF4EBP1 expression location in the TME via single cell RNA sequencing. EIF4EBP1 expression was highest in both triple negative and high-grade tumors (both P<0.001), and tumor mutational burden scores were highest in the high EIF4EBP1-expression groups (all P<0.001). High EIF4EBP1 expression significantly correlated to worse overall survival in all three cohorts (hazard ratios (HR) 1.4-1.9), and worse distant relapse-free survival in patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy (HR 2.4). GSEA demonstrated enriched mTOR and cell proliferation-related gene sets, including, MYC, G2M checkpoint, and E2F targets across all three bulk tumor and single cell RNA sequencing cohorts. Phenotypically, these pathways were reflected by increased Ki67 gene expression and signaling via pharmacologically-activated mTOR gene sets in EIF4EBP1 high-expressing tumors (all P<0.001). EIF4EBP1 expression was increased in whole breast tumors compared to normal breast tissue (P<0.001), and was expressed predominantly in cancer epithelial cells, particularly in basal epithelial cell subclasses. EIF4EBP1 expression did not correlate to a consistent immune system phenotype across all three cohorts. Overall, these findings support that high EIF4EBP1 gene expression in bulk breast tumors could represent a poor prognostic marker via mTOR signaling pathways activation and upregulation of cell cycling, ultimately leading to increased tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erek D Nelson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Matthew GK Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Tufail M, Hu JJ, Liang J, He CY, Wan WD, Huang YQ, Jiang CH, Wu H, Li N. Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in breast cancer: targeting the PI3K pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38172946 PMCID: PMC10765967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as a crucial contributor to the development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. This review article explores the implications of the PI3K pathway in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes the identification of predictive biomarkers, such as PIK3CA mutations, and the utility of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for preventive strategies and the customization of therapy based on tumor stage, molecular subtypes, and genetic alterations. Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors and exploring combination therapies are addressed as important considerations. While this field holds promise in improving patient outcomes, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Ju Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Nasioudis D, Gysler S, Latif N, Cory L, Giuntoli RL, Kim SH, Simpkins F, Martin L, Ko EM. Molecular landscape of ERBB2/HER2 gene amplification among patients with gynecologic malignancies; clinical implications and future directions. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 180:1-5. [PMID: 38029652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the prevalence of ERBB2/HER2 gene amplification among patients with gynecologic malignancies. METHODS The American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Genomics Evidence of Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) (version 13.1) database was accessed and patients with endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer were identified. Patients with available data on the presence of copy-number gene alterations were selected for further analysis. Incidence of ERBB2 amplification following stratification by tumor site and histology was evaluated. Data from the OncoKB database, as provided by cBioPortal, was utilized to determine presence of pathogenic genomic alterations. RESULTS A total of 6961 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified: 49.1% with ovarian cancer, 45.2% with endometrial cancer and 5.7% with cervical cancer respectively. Overall incidence of ERBB2 amplification was 3.8%. Highest incidence of ERBB2 amplification was observed among patients with mucinous ovarian (14.4%), uterine serous (13.2%), uterine clear cell (9.4%), and uterine carcinosarcoma (7.9%). ERBB2 amplification was rare among patients with TP53 wild-type endometrioid endometrial cancer (0.4%). High incidence of mutations in genes of the PI3K pathway was observed among patients with ERBB2 amplified tumors. CONCLUSION ERBB2 amplification is frequently encountered among patients with uterine serous carcinoma, and mucinous ovarian carcinoma. In addition, a high incidence was also observed among those with uterine clear cell carcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma. For patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, incidence of ERBB2 amplification is low, especially in the absence of TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Stefan Gysler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nawar Latif
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lory Cory
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Giuntoli
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah H Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lainie Martin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily M Ko
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Morshed AKMH, Al Azad S, Mia MAR, Uddin MF, Ema TI, Yeasin RB, Srishti SA, Sarker P, Aurthi RY, Jamil F, Samia NSN, Biswas P, Sharmeen IA, Ahmed R, Siddiquy M, Nurunnahar. Oncoinformatic screening of the gene clusters involved in the HER2-positive breast cancer formation along with the in silico pharmacodynamic profiling of selective long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as the metastatic antagonists. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2651-2672. [PMID: 36445532 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The HER2-positive patients occupy ~ 30% of the total breast cancer patients globally where no prevalent drugs are available to mitigate the frequent metastasis clinically except lapatinib and neratinib. This scarcity reinforced researchers' quest for new medications where natural substances are significantly considered. Valuing the aforementioned issues, this research aimed to study the ERBB2-mediated string networks that work behind the HER2-positive breast cancer formation regarding co-expression, gene regulation, GAMA-receptor-signaling pathway, cellular polarization, and signal inhibition. Following the overexpression, promotor methylation, and survivability profiles of ERBB2, the super docking position of HER2 was identified using the quantum tunneling algorithm. Supramolecular docking was conducted to study the target specificity of EPA and DHA fatty acids followed by a comprehensive molecular dynamic simulation (100 ns) to reveal the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H-bonds, and MM/GBSA values. Finally, potential drug targets for EPA and DHA in breast cancer were constructed to determine the drug-protein interactions (DPI) at metabolic stages. Considering the values resulting from the combinational models of the oncoinformatic, pharmacodynamic, and metabolic parameters, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA can be considered as potential-targeted therapeutics for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Helal Morshed
- Pathology and Pathophysiology Major, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Salauddin Al Azad
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Md Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Fahim Uddin
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanzila Ismail Ema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Rukaiya Binte Yeasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pallab Sarker
- Department of Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, South Alekanda, Barisal, 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaita Younus Aurthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Palashi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhan Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Iffat Ara Sharmeen
- School of Data Sciences, Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Ahmed
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, Tees Valley, UK
| | - Mahbuba Siddiquy
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nurunnahar
- Department of Mathematics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
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Hermawan A, Wulandari F, Yudi Utomo R, Asmah Susidarti R, Kirihata M, Meiyanto E. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the effects of Pentagamaboronon-0-ol on PI3K/Akt and cell cycle of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101847. [PMID: 38028209 PMCID: PMC10652209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monoclonal antibodies and targeted therapies against HER2+ breast cancer has improved overall and disease-free survival in patients; however, encountering drug resistance causes recurrence, necessitating the development of newer HER2-targeted medications. A curcumin analog PGB-0-ol showed most cytotoxicity against HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells than against other subtypes of breast cancer cells. Objective Here, we employed next-generation sequencing technology to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells. Methods The molecular mechanism underlying the action of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells was determined using next-generation sequencing technologies. Additional bioinformatics studies were performed, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, disease-gene, and drug-gene associations, network topology analysis (NTA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results We detected 2,263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1,459 upregulated and 804 downregulated) in the PGB-0-ol- and DMSO-treated HCC1954 cells. KEGG enrichment data revealed the control of phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and ErbB signaling following PGB-0-ol treatment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs governed cell cycle, participated in the mitotic spindle and nuclear membrane, and controlled kinase activity at the molecular level. According to the NTA data for GO enrichment, GSEA data for KEGG, drug-gene and disease-gene, PGB-0-ol regulated PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle in breast cancer. Overall, our investigation revealed the transcriptomic profile of PGB-0-ol-treated HCC1954 breast cancer cells following PGB-0-ol therapy. Bioinformatics analyses showed that PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle was modulated. However, further studies are required to validate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febri Wulandari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Asmah Susidarti
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Singh P. MicroRNA based combinatorial therapy against TKIs resistant CML by inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:300. [PMID: 37713129 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by presence of Philadelphia chromosome, which harbors BCR-ABL oncogene responsible for encoding BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This oncoprotein interferes with cellular signaling pathways, resulting in tumor progression. Among these pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is significantly upregulated in CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are current standard therapy for CML, and they have shown remarkable efficacy. However, emergence of TKIs drug resistance has necessitated investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Components of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have emerged as attractive targets in this context, as this pathway is known to be activated in TKIs-resistant CML cells/patients. Inhibiting this pathway may provide a complementary approach to improving TKIs' efficacy and treatment outcomes. Given previous research indicating that miRNAs play an inhibitory role in cancer, current study used computational tools to identify miRNAs that specifically target pathway's core components. A comprehensive analysis was performed, resulting in identification of 111 miRNAs that potentially target PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. From this extensive list, 7 miRNAs was selected for further investigation based on their consistent downregulation across leukemia subtypes. Except for hsa-miR-199a-3p, remaining six miRNAs have been extensively studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given high similarity between AML and CML, it is believed that six miRNAs which are not studied in context of CML may also be advantageous for curing chemoresistance in CML. Building upon this knowledge, it is reasonable to speculate that a combination therapy approach involving use of miRNAs alongside TKIs may offer improved therapy for TKIs-resistant CML compared to TKIs monotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, India.
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Xulu KR, Nweke EE, Augustine TN. Delineating intra-tumoral heterogeneity and tumor evolution in breast cancer using precision-based approaches. Front Genet 2023; 14:1087432. [PMID: 37662839 PMCID: PMC10469897 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1087432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of breast cancer continues to increase worldwide as it remains the most diagnosed tumor in females and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by different subtypes which are driven by aberrations in key genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, and hormone receptors. However, even within each subtype, heterogeneity that is driven by underlying evolutionary mechanisms is suggested to underlie poor response to therapy, variance in disease progression, recurrence, and relapse. Intratumoral heterogeneity highlights that the evolvability of tumor cells depends on interactions with cells of the tumor microenvironment. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment is being unraveled by recent advances in screening technologies such as high throughput sequencing; however, there remain challenges that impede the practical use of these approaches, considering the underlying biology of the tumor microenvironment and the impact of selective pressures on the evolvability of tumor cells. In this review, we will highlight the advances made thus far in defining the molecular heterogeneity in breast cancer and the implications thereof in diagnosis, the design and application of targeted therapies for improved clinical outcomes. We describe the different precision-based approaches to diagnosis and treatment and their prospects. We further propose that effective cancer diagnosis and treatment are dependent on unpacking the tumor microenvironment and its role in driving intratumoral heterogeneity. Underwriting such heterogeneity are Darwinian concepts of natural selection that we suggest need to be taken into account to ensure evolutionarily informed therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutlwano Rekgopetswe Xulu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ekene Emmanuel Nweke
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tanya Nadine Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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10
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Swaminathan H, Saravanamurali K, Yadav SA. Extensive review on breast cancer its etiology, progression, prognostic markers, and treatment. Med Oncol 2023; 40:238. [PMID: 37442848 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
As the most frequent and vulnerable malignancy among women, breast cancer universally manifests a formidable healthcare challenge. From a biological and molecular perspective, it is a heterogenous disease and is stratified based on the etiological factors driving breast carcinogenesis. Notably, genetic predispositions and epigenetic impacts often constitute the heterogeneity of this disease. Typically, breast cancer is classified intrinsically into histological subtypes in clinical landscapes. These stratifications empower physicians to tailor precise treatments among the spectrum of breast cancer therapeutics. In this pursuit, numerous prognostic algorithms are extensively characterized, drastically changing how breast cancer is portrayed. Therefore, it is a basic requisite to comprehend the multidisciplinary rationales of breast cancer to assist the evolution of novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims at highlighting the molecular and genetic grounds of cancer additionally with therapeutic and phytotherapeutic context. Substantially, it also renders researchers with an insight into the breast cancer cell lines as a model paradigm for breast cancer research interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Saravanamurali
- Virus Research and Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Cataldo ML, De Placido P, Esposito D, Formisano L, Arpino G, Giuliano M, Bianco R, De Angelis C, Veneziani BM. The effect of the alpha-specific PI3K inhibitor alpelisib combined with anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+/PIK3CA mutant breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1108242. [PMID: 37469415 PMCID: PMC10353540 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HER2 is amplified or overexpressed in around 20% of breast cancers (BC). HER2-targeted therapies have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with HER2+ BC, however, de novo and acquired resistance to anti-HER2 treatment is common. Activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene are reported in ∼30% of HER2+ BC and are associated with resistance to anti-HER2 therapies and a poor prognosis. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of the alpha-specific PI3K inhibitor alpelisib alone or in combination with anti-HER2 therapy using a panel of HER2+ BC cell lines. We also generated models of acquired resistance to alpelisib to investigate the mechanisms underlying resistance to alpha-specific PI3K inhibition. Materials and methods PIK3CA mutant (HCC1954, KPL4 and JMT1) and wild-type (BT474 and SKBR3) HER2+ BC cell lines were used. The HCC1954 and KPL4 cells were chronically exposed to increasing concentrations of alpelisib or to alpelisib + trastuzumab in order to generate derivatives with acquired resistance to alpelisib (AR) and to alpelisib + trastuzumab (ATR). The transcriptomic profiles of HCC1954, KPL4 and their AR and ATR derivatives were determined by RNA sequencing. Cell growth was assessed by MTT assay. Changes in the protein levels of key PI3K pathway components were assessed by Western blotting. Gene expression, cellular and patients' data from the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) and KMPlot datasets were interrogated. Results HER2+ BC cell lines harboring activating mutations in PIK3CA were less sensitive to single or dual anti-HER2 blockade compared to PIK3CA wild-type cells. Alpelisib treatment resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of the growth of cells with or without PIK3CA mutations and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies in vitro. In addition, alpelisib greatly delayed tumor growth of HCC1954 xenografts in vivo. Functional annotation of the significantly differentially expressed genes suggested the common activation of biological processes associated with oxidation reduction, cell proliferation, immune response and RNA synthesis in alpelisib-resistant models compared with native cells. Eight commonly upregulated genes (log2 fold-change >1, False Discovery Rate [FDR] <0.05) in models with acquired resistance to alpelisib or alpelisib + trastuzumab were identified. Among these, AKR1C1 was associated with alpelisib-resistance in vitro and with a poor prognosis in patients with HER2+ BC. Conclusions Our findings support the use of an alpha-selective PI3K inhibitor to overcome the therapeutic limitations associated with single or dual HER2 blockade in PIK3CA-mutant HER2+ breast cancer. Future studies are warranted to confirm the potential role of candidate genes/pathways in resistance to alpelisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Cataldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Esposito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Pegram M, Jackisch C, Johnston SRD. Estrogen/HER2 receptor crosstalk in breast cancer: combination therapies to improve outcomes for patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37258523 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 13-22% of breast cancers (BC). Approximately 60-70% of HER2+ BC co-express hormone receptors (HRs). HR/HER2 co-expression modulates response to both anti-HER2-directed and endocrine therapy due to "crosstalk" between the estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 pathways. Combined HER2/ER blockade may be an effective treatment strategy for patients with HR+/HER2+ BC in the appropriate clinical setting(s). In this review, we provide an overview of crosstalk between the ER and HER2 pathways, summarize data from recently published and ongoing clinical trials, and discuss clinical implications for targeted treatment of HR+/HER2+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pegram
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christian Jackisch
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Breast Cancer Center, Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Offenbach, Germany
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13
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Pourasl MH, Vahedi A, Tajalli H, Khalilzadeh B, Bayat F. Liquid crystal-assisted optical biosensor for early-stage diagnosis of mammary glands using HER-2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6847. [PMID: 37100835 PMCID: PMC10133346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women around the world. The purpose of this study is to present a non-labeled liquid crystal (LC) biosensor, based on the inherent feature of nematic LCs, for the evaluation of BC using the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) biomarker. The mechanism of this sensing is supported by surface modification with dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP) encouraging the long alkyl chains that induce a homeotropic orientation of the LC molecules at the interface. To enhance the binding efficacy of more HER-2 antibody (Ab) on LC aligning agents, a simple ultraviolet radiation-assisted method was also used to increase functional groups on the DMOAP coated slides, thereby improving binding affinity and efficiency onto HER-2 Abs. The designed biosensor makes use of the specific binding of HER-2 protein to HER-2 Ab and disruption of the orientation of LCs. This orientation change leads to a transition of the optical appearance from dark to birefringent, enabling the detection of HER-2. This novel biosensor exhibits a linear optical response to HER-2 concentration in the wide dynamic range of 10-6-102 ng/mL, with an ultra-low detection limit of 1 fg/mL. As a proof of concept, the designed LC biosensor was successfully investigated for the quantification of HER-2 protein in patients suffering from BC. Owing to the sensitivity, selectivity, and label-free detection, this biosensor may amplify the application of LC-based biosensors for the detection of most types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri H Pourasl
- Department of Physics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Biophotonic Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Vahedi
- Department of Physics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Habib Tajalli
- Department of Physics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Biophotonic Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51664-14766, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Bayat
- Department of Physics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Li A, Li X, Zou J, Zhuo X, Chen S, Chai X, Gai C, Xu W, Zhao Q, Zou Y. SOS1-inspired hydrocarbon-stapled peptide as a pan-Ras inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106500. [PMID: 37003134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the interaction between Ras and Son of Sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) has been an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating cancers involving oncogenic Ras mutations. K-Ras mutation is the most common in Ras-driven cancers, accounting for 86%, with N-Ras mutation and H-Ras mutation accounting for 11% and 3%, respectively. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a series of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides to mimic the alpha-helix of SOS1 as pan-Ras inhibitors. Among these stapled peptides, SSOSH-5 was identified to maintain a well-constrained alpha-helical structure and bind to H-Ras with high affinity. SSOSH-5 was furthermore validated to bind with Ras similarly to the parent linear peptide through structural modeling analysis. This optimized stapled peptide was proven to be capable of effectively inhibiting the proliferation of pan-Ras-mutated cancer cells and inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating downstream kinase signaling. Of note, SSOSH-5 exhibited a high capability of crossing cell membranes and strong proteolytic resistance. We demonstrated that the peptide stapling strategy is a feasible approach for developing peptide-based pan-Ras inhibitors. Furthermore, we expect that SSOSH-5 can be further characterized and optimized for the treatment of Ras-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anpeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China; 92805 Military Hospital, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jihua Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Conghao Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
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15
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Taurelli Salimbeni B, Ferraro E, Boscolo Bielo L, Curigliano G. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 188:237-281. [PMID: 38175349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, has been described in about 15-20% of breast cancer (BC) and is associated with poor outcomes. Trastuzumab is the first anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAB) that blocks receptor activity but it also activates immune response against cancer cells, thus, revolutionizing the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive BC. Over the years, new therapies have been developed, including other mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that required multimodal approaches with chemotherapy to optimize their anticancer activity. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the last advancements including new approaches and future combinations, which seem to be very promising in overcoming resistance to the traditional anti-HER2 treatments. A modern therapeutic algorithm should include treatment options based on tumour patterns and a patient-centred approach. A proper patient's selection is crucial to derive maximal benefits from a treatment strategy and emerging biomarkers should be integrated along with the HER2 status, which is currently the only validated biomarker in the context of HER2-positive disease. These biomarkers might include molecular features with reported prognostic/predictive significance, such as phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase (PI3K) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which all affect prognosis and response to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ferraro
- Breast Cancer Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Cerma K, Piacentini F, Moscetti L, Barbolini M, Canino F, Tornincasa A, Caggia F, Cerri S, Molinaro A, Dominici M, Omarini C. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Biology to Clinical Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010109. [PMID: 36672617 PMCID: PMC9855880 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common women cancer and cause of cancer death. Despite decades of scientific progress in BC treatments, the clinical benefit of new drugs is modest in several cases. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway mutations are frequent in BC (20-40%) and are significant causes of aggressive tumor behavior, as well as treatment resistance. Improving knowledge of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an urgent need. This review aims to highlight the central role of PI3K-mTORC1/C2 mutations in the different BC subtypes, in terms of clinical outcomes and treatment efficacy. The broad base of knowledge in tumor biology is a key point for personalized BC therapy in the precision medicine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisida Cerma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
- GOIRC (Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Moscetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
- GOIRC (Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Barbolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Canino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Tornincasa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Caggia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Cerri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Omarini
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
- GOIRC (Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica), 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-2845
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17
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Golbashirzadeh M, Heidari HR, Talebi M, Yari Khosroushahi A. Ferroptosis as a Potential Cell Death Mechanism Against Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer Cell Line. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:176-187. [PMID: 36721820 PMCID: PMC9871276 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Drug resistance is a challenging issue in cancer chemotherapy. Cell death induction is one of the main strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Notably, ferroptosis has been considered a critical cell death mechanism in recent years. Accordingly, in this study, the different cell death strategies focused on ferroptosis have been utilized to overcome cisplatin resistance in an in vitro lung cancer model. Methods: The physiological functions of Akt1 and GPX4, as critical targets for ferroptosis and apoptosis induction, were suppressed by siRNA or antagonistic agents in resistant A549 cells. Afterward, the interventions' impacts on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount were analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the alteration in the relevant gene and protein expression levels were quantified using Real-time PCR and western blot methods. Results: The result showed that the treatment with Akt1 siRNA reversed the cisplatin resistance in the A549 cell line through the induction of apoptosis. Likewise, the combination treatment of the GPX4 siRNA or FIN56 as ferroptosis inducers alongside cisplatin elevated ROS's cellular level, reduced the cellular antioxidant genes level and increased the cisplatin cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study indicated that ferroptosis induction can be considered a promising cell death strategy in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Golbashirzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Heidari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Corresponding Authors: Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi, and Hamid Reza Heidari,
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Corresponding Authors: Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi, and Hamid Reza Heidari,
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18
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Gupta KK, Sharma KK, Chandra H, Panwar H, Bhardwaj N, Altwaijry NA, Alsfouk AA, Dlamini Z, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Khan S, Mishra AP. The integrative bioinformatics approaches to predict the xanthohumol as anti-breast cancer molecule: Targeting cancer cells signaling PI3K and AKT kinase pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950835. [PMID: 36591523 PMCID: PMC9798915 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, and vast research is being conducted throughout the world for the treatment of this malignancy by natural products using various computational approaches. Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid, is known for its anticancer activity; however, the mechanism behind its action is still in the preliminary stage. Methods The current study aimed to analyze the efficacy of xanthohumol compared to the currently available anticancer drugs targeting phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase (AKT) receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) for breast cancer treatment through in silico analysis. Results The result revealed that the target compound showed significant binding affinity to targets within the PI3K, AKT, and HER2 signaling pathways with a binding energy of -7.5, -7.9, and -7.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Further prediction studies were then made concerning this compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as drug-likeness properties, resulting in its oral bioavailability with only a single violation of Lipinski's rule of five. Conclusions The finding revealed the ability of xanthohumol to bind with multiple cancer cell signaling molecules including PI3K, AKT kinase, and HER2. The current novel study opened the door to advancing research into the management and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Kumar Gupta
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Kant Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India,*Correspondence: Kamal Kant Sharma, ; Abhay Prakash Mishra, ; Shahanavaj Khan,
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himalaya Panwar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Najla A. Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Obaid Afzal
- 4SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- 4SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Kamal Kant Sharma, ; Abhay Prakash Mishra, ; Shahanavaj Khan,
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa,*Correspondence: Kamal Kant Sharma, ; Abhay Prakash Mishra, ; Shahanavaj Khan,
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19
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Cheng WJ, Lin SY, Chuang KH, Chen M, Ho HO, Chen LC, Hsieh CM, Sheu MT. Combined Docetaxel/Pictilisib-Loaded mPEGylated Nanocarriers with Dual HER2 Targeting Antibodies for Synergistic Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5353-5374. [DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Albarakati N, Al-Shareeda A, Ramadan M, Al-Sowayan B, Negm O, Nedjadi T. Interaction between HER2 and ATM predicts poor survival in bladder cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4959-4973. [PMID: 36056635 PMCID: PMC9549494 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is considered one of the interesting prognostic biomarkers in bladder cancer. However, the mechanism of bladder cancer development in relation to HER2 status remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated HER2‐Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase interaction and their impact on patient survival and cancer aggressiveness. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts, we demonstrated that ATM expression (protein/mRNA) is increased in HER2 deficient compared with proficient HER2 patients. This finding was then validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Correlation analysis (using low expression vs high expression as a discriminator) revealed a significant association of ATM low and HER2 high status with several clinicopathological variables such as high tumour grade, late disease stage and tumour shape. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that ATM low and HER2 high is a powerful prognosticator of both overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Furthermore, using bioinformatics and protein/protein interaction analyses, we identified 66 putative overlapping proteins with direct link between HER2 and ATM most of which are functionally involved in transcription regulation, apoptotic process and cell proliferation. Interestingly, the results showed that these proteins are strongly linked with PI3K‐Akt pathway, p53 pathway and microRNAs in cancer. Altogether, our data pinpoint an important biological role of the interconnection between HER2 and ATM. The latter appear to be an independent prognostic biomarker and may serve as targets to develop novel combination therapies to improve the outcome of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Albarakati
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Shareeda
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of the Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Ramadan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla Al-Sowayan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola Negm
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zhu K, Wu Y, He P, Fan Y, Zhong X, Zheng H, Luo T. PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:2508. [PMID: 36010585 PMCID: PMC9406657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) (PAM) pathways play important roles in breast tumorigenesis and confer worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. The inhibitors targeting three key nodes of these pathways, PI3K, AKT and mTOR, are continuously developed. For breast cancer patients to truly benefit from PAM pathway inhibitors, it is necessary to clarify the frequency and mechanism of abnormal alterations in the PAM pathway in different breast cancer subtypes, and further explore reliable biomarkers to identify the appropriate population for precision therapy. Some PI3K and mTOR inhibitors have been approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of specific breast cancer patient populations, and many new-generation PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and AKT isoform inhibitors have also been shown to have good prospects for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the changes in the PAM signaling pathway in different subtypes of breast cancer, and the latest research progress about the biomarkers and clinical application of PAM-targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunrui Zhu
- Breast Disease Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Multi-Omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Breast Disease Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ping He
- Breast Disease Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Multi-Omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Multi-Omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Breast Disease Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Multi-Omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Breast Disease Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Multi-Omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Multi-Omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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22
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Tian Z, Yang Y, Wu H, Chen Y, Jia H, Zhu L, He R, Jin Y, Zhou B, Ge C, Sun Y, Yang Y. The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effect of lapatinib in HER2-positive cancers. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10410. [PMID: 36090218 PMCID: PMC9449760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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23
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Wang Y, Miao X, Jiang Y, Wu Z, Zhu X, Liu H, Wu X, Cai J, Ding X, Gong W. The synergistic antitumor effect of IL-6 neutralization with NVP-BEZ235 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35165269 PMCID: PMC8844296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still ranks among the top cancers worldwide with high incidence and mortality. Due to abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in HCC, targeting this pathway represents a potential therapeutic strategy. NVP-BEZ235 is a novel dual-targeted ATP-competitive PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that has shown effective antitumor effects. In this study, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly increased after exposure to NVP-BEZ235, and we proposed a treatment in which an anti-IL-6 antibody was combined with NVP-BEZ235 for HCC. In vitro results revealed that targeted inhibition of IL-6 potentiated the antitumor effects of NVP-BEZ235 in HCC cells. The mechanism might be attributed to their synergistic inhibitory activity on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrated that combined administration of NVP-BEZ235 and anti-IL-6 Ab reduced HCC tumour load more effectively than either NVP-BEZ235 or anti-IL-6 Ab treatment alone. These findings add guidance value to the analysis of HCC and provide a reference for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Miao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuancong Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zelai Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuhang Zhu
- Department of head and neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Jinzhen Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weihua Gong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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24
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Wynn CS, Tang SC. Anti-HER2 therapy in metastatic breast cancer: many choices and future directions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:193-209. [PMID: 35142964 PMCID: PMC8924093 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic HER2 + breast cancer is an expanding area of drug development and research, with three new drugs approved in 2020 alone. While first-line therapy is well-established for metastatic HER2 + breast cancer, the standard of care for second-line therapy will likely be changing soon based on the results of the DESTINY-Breast03 trial. In the third-line setting, many options are available. Considerations in choosing between regimens in the third-line include resistance to trastuzumab, the presence of brain metastases, and tolerability. High rates of resistance exist in this setting particularly due to expression of p95, a truncated form of HER2 that constitutively activates downstream signaling pathways. We suggest a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based regimen because of the activity of TKIs in brain metastases and in p95-expressing tumors. Attempts to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 therapies with PI3K inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and CDK 4/6 inhibitors are an active area of research. In the future, biomarkers are needed to help predict which therapies patients may benefit from the most. We review the many new drugs in development, including those with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie S Wynn
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Guyton Research Building, G-651-07, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Guyton Research Building, G-651-07, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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25
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Budi HS, Ahmad FN, Achmad H, Ansari MJ, Mikhailova MV, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Shomali N, Marofi F. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for tumor immunotherapy; recent progress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35093187 PMCID: PMC8800342 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with poor prognosis in a myriad of human tumors, recent studies have focused on HER2-targeted therapies. Deregulation in HER2 signaling pathways is accompanied by sustained tumor cells growth concomitant with their migration and also tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by stimulation of proliferation of a network of blood vessels. A large number of studies have provided clear evidence that the emerging HER2-directed treatments could be the outcome of patients suffering from HER2 positive breast and also gastric/gastroesophageal cancers. Thanks to its great anti-tumor competence, immunotherapy using HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing immune cell has recently attracted increasing attention. Human T cells and also natural killer (NK) cells can largely be found in the tumor microenvironment, mainly contributing to the tumor immune surveillance. Such properties make them perfect candidate for genetically modification to express constructed CARs. Herein, we will describe the potential targets of the HER2 signaling in tumor cells to clarify HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and also discuss recent findings respecting the HER2-specific CAR-expressing immune cells (CAR T and CAR NK cell) for the treatment of HER2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132 Indonesia
| | | | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Kim JY, Park CS, Jang SK, Seol H, Seong MK, Noh WC, Park IC, Kim HA. The Significance of p-AKT1 as a Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Positive Early Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:387-403. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yea Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Sub Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Kyeong Jang
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesil Seol
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Motamed Fath P, Rahimnejad M, Moradi-kalbolandi S, Ebrahimi Hosseinzadeh B, Jamshidnejad-tosaramandani T. Improvement of cytotoxicity and necrosis activity of ganoderic acid a through the development of PMBN-A.Her2-GA as a targeted nano system. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1228-1237. [PMID: 35425091 PMCID: PMC8978931 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting nano carriers have been promptly proposed to overcome the current obstacles in conventional chemotherapy approaches for cancer. Currently, PMBN (poly[MPC-co-(BMA)-co-(MEONP)]), is considered as a promising amphiphilic polymer that could be easily targeted and conjugated to hydrophobic substances with low bioavailability. To target breast cancer cells overexpressing human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) receptors, anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (A.Her2) was conjugated to PMBN and afterward loaded with ganoderic acid A (GA-A) as an anti-cancer metabolite. The efficacy of conjugation and loading was reasonably favourable. The rod shape of the polymer with a size of approximately 160 ± 30 nm was confirmed. Our results indicated that PMBN-A.Her2-GA is an anionic nanostructure with an appropriate form and capable of being applied in cancer therapy. Subsequently, cytotoxicity analysis revealed an improved anti-proliferative effect of GA-A. In this article, GA-A is used for the first time as a natural agent for targeting breast cancer cells based on the newly developed nano carrier as a targeted DDS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Motamed Fath
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - S. Moradi-kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Kaur P, Porras TB, Colombo A, Ring A, Lu J, Kang I, Lang JE. Identification of putative actionable alterations in clinically relevant genes in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1270-1284. [PMID: 34455425 PMCID: PMC8548334 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualising treatment in breast cancer requires effective predictive biomarkers. While relatively few genomic aberrations are clinically relevant, there is a need for characterising patients across different subtypes to identify actionable alterations. METHODS We identified genomic alterations in 49 potentially actionable genes for which drugs are available either clinically or via clinical trials. We explored the landscape of mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in actionable genes in seven breast cancer subtypes utilising The Cancer Genome Atlas. To dissect the genomic complexity, we analysed the patterns of co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity in actionable genes. RESULTS We found that >30% of tumours harboured putative actionable events that are targetable by currently available drugs. We identified genes that had multiple targetable alterations, representing candidate targets for combination therapy. Genes predicted to be drivers in primary breast tumours fell into five categories: mTOR pathway, immune checkpoints, oestrogen signalling, tumour suppression and DNA damage repair. Our analysis also revealed that CNAs in 34/49 (69%) and mutations in 13/49 (26%) genes were significantly associated with gene expression, validating copy number events as a dominant oncogenic mechanism in breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results may enable the acceleration of personalised therapy and improve clinical outcomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kaur
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tania B Porras
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Colombo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Ring
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janice Lu
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and University of Southern California Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and University of Southern California Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie E Lang
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Breast Services, Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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29
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Farghadani R, Naidu R. Curcumin: Modulator of Key Molecular Signaling Pathways in Hormone-Independent Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143427. [PMID: 34298639 PMCID: PMC8307022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, classified according to hormone and growth factor receptor expression. Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-negative) and hormone-independent HER2 overexpressing subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Thus, new alternative anticancer agents based on the use of natural products have been receiving enormous attention. In this regard, curcumin is a promising lead in cancer drug discovery due its ability to modulate a diverse range of molecular targets and signaling pathways. The current review has emphasized the underlying mechanism of curcumin anticancer action mediated through the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, NF-ĸB, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, apoptosis, and cell cycle pathways in hormone-independent breast cancer, providing frameworks for future studies and insights to improve its efficiency in clinical practice. Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Despite the overall successes in breast cancer therapy, hormone-independent HER2 negative breast cancer, also known as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking estrogens and progesterone receptors and with an excessive expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), along with the hormone-independent HER2 positive subtype, still remain major challenges in breast cancer treatment. Due to their poor prognoses, aggressive phenotype, and highly metastasis features, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. One of the most noteworthy phytochemicals, curcumin, has attracted enormous attention as a promising drug candidate in breast cancer prevention and treatment due to its multi-targeting effect. Curcumin interrupts major stages of tumorigenesis including cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis in hormone-independent breast cancer through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. The current review has highlighted the anticancer activity of curcumin in hormone-independent breast cancer via focusing on its impact on key signaling pathways including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-ĸB pathway, p53 pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as apoptotic and cell cycle pathways. Besides, its therapeutic implications in clinical trials are here presented.
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30
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PI3K and MAPK Pathways as Targets for Combination with the Pan-HER Irreversible Inhibitor Neratinib in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer and TNBC by Kinome RNAi Screening. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070740. [PMID: 34203351 PMCID: PMC8301343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 2 (HER2) is overexpressed/amplified in about 25% of all breast cancers, and EGFR is overexpressed in up to 76% and amplified in up to 24% of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Here, we aimed to identify inhibitors that may enhance the anti-tumor activity of neratinib for HER2+ breast cancer and TNBC. By conducting a non-biased high-throughput RNA interference screening, we identified PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK as two potential inhibitory synergistic canonical pathways. We confirmed that everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) enhances combinatorial anti-proliferative effects with neratinib under anchorage-independent growth conditions (p < 0.05). Compared to single agent neratinib, the combination therapies significantly enhanced tumor growth inhibition in both SUM190 HER2+ breast cancer (neratinib plus everolimus, 77%; neratinib plus trametinib, 77%; p < 0.0001) and SUM149 TNBC (neratinib plus everolimus, 71%; neratinib plus trametinib, 81%; p < 0.0001) xenograft models. Compared to single-agent neratinib, everolimus, or trametinib, both everolimus plus neratinib and trametinib plus neratinib significantly suppressed proliferation marker Ki67 and enhanced antitumor efficacy by activating the apoptosis pathway shown by increased Bim and cleaved-PARP expression. Taken together, our data justify new neratinib-based combinations for both HER2+ breast cancer and TNBC.
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31
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Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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32
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Niklaus NJ, Tokarchuk I, Zbinden M, Schläfli AM, Maycotte P, Tschan MP. The Multifaceted Functions of Autophagy in Breast Cancer Development and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061447. [PMID: 34207792 PMCID: PMC8229352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a complex catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During this process, autophagosomes engulf and deliver their intracellular content to lysosomes, where they are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Thereby, autophagy provides energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and represents a dynamic recycling mechanism. Importantly, the clearance of damaged organelles and aggregated molecules by autophagy in normal cells contributes to cancer prevention. Therefore, the dysfunction of autophagy has a major impact on the cell fate and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and has the highest mortality rate among all cancers in women worldwide. Breast cancer patients often have a good short-term prognosis, but long-term survivors often experience aggressive recurrence. This phenomenon might be explained by the high heterogeneity of breast cancer tumors rendering mammary tumors difficult to target. This review focuses on the mechanisms of autophagy during breast carcinogenesis and sheds light on the role of autophagy in the traits of aggressive breast cancer cells such as migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. Niklaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Tokarchuk
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mara Zbinden
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Anna M. Schläfli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla 74360, Mexico;
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-87-80
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Zouein J, Noujaim C, Kourie HR. Targeting PIK3CA in HER2-positive breast cancer: what are the opportunities and the challenges? Biomark Med 2021; 15:609-613. [PMID: 34060324 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zouein
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Noujaim
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
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Antibody therapy in pancreatic cancer: mAb-ye we're onto something? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188557. [PMID: 33945846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains an extremely deadly disease, with little improvement seen in treatment or outcomes over the last 40 years. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is one area that has been explored in attempts to tackle this disease. This review examines antibodies that have undergone clinical evaluation in pancreatic cancer. These antibodies target a wide variety of molecules, including tumour cell surface, stromal, immune and embryonic pathway targets. We discuss the therapeutic utility of these therapies both as monotherapeutics and in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy. While antibody therapy for pancreatic cancer has yet to yield significant success, lessons learned from research thus far highlights future directions that may help overcome observed hurdles to yield clinically efficacious results.
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Martorana F, Motta G, Pavone G, Motta L, Stella S, Vitale SR, Manzella L, Vigneri P. AKT Inhibitors: New Weapons in the Fight Against Breast Cancer? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662232. [PMID: 33995085 PMCID: PMC8118639 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a key component of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as it exerts a pivotal role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Deregulation of this pathway is a common event in breast cancer including hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease, HER2-amplified, and triple negative tumors. Hence, targeting AKT represents an attractive treatment option for many breast cancer subtypes, especially those resistant to conventional treatments. Several AKT inhibitors have been recently developed and two ATP-competitive compounds, capivasertib and ipatasertib, have been extensively tested in phase I and II clinical trials either alone, with chemotherapy, or with hormonal agents. Additionally, phase III trials of capivasertib and ipatasertib are already under way in HR+ and triple-negative breast cancer. While the identification of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance to AKT inhibition represents an unmet need, new combination strategies are under investigation aiming to boost the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. As such, trials combining capivasertib and ipatasertib with CDK4/6 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors are currently ongoing. This review summarizes the available evidence on AKT inhibition in breast cancer, reporting both efficacy and toxicity data from clinical trials along with the available translational correlates and then focusing on the potential use of these drugs in new combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Motta
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pavone
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Motta
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
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Hinz N, Baranowsky A, Horn M, Kriegs M, Sibbertsen F, Smit DJ, Clezardin P, Lange T, Schinke T, Jücker M. Knockdown of AKT3 Activates HER2 and DDR Kinases in Bone-Seeking Breast Cancer Cells, Promotes Metastasis In Vivo and Attenuates the TGFβ/CTGF Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020430. [PMID: 33670586 PMCID: PMC7922044 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases frequently occur in breast cancer patients and lack appropriate treatment options. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the multistep process of breast cancer bone metastasis and tumor-induced osteolysis is of paramount interest. The serine/threonine kinase AKT plays a crucial role in breast cancer bone metastasis but the effect of individual AKT isoforms remains unclear. Therefore, AKT isoform-specific knockdowns were generated on the bone-seeking MDA-MB-231 BO subline and the effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotaxis was analyzed by live-cell imaging. Kinome profiling and Western blot analysis of the TGFβ/CTGF axis were conducted and metastasis was evaluated by intracardiac inoculation of tumor cells into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. MDA-MB-231 BO cells exhibited an elevated AKT3 kinase activity in vitro and responded to combined treatment with AKT- and mTOR-inhibitors. Knockdown of AKT3 significantly increased migration, invasion, and chemotaxis in vitro and metastasis to bone but did not significantly enhance osteolysis. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT3 increased the activity and phosphorylation of pro-metastatic HER2 and DDR1/2 but lowered protein levels of CTGF after TGFβ-stimulation, an axis involved in tumor-induced osteolysis. We demonstrated that AKT3 plays a crucial role in bone-seeking breast cancer cells by promoting metastatic potential without facilitating tumor-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.S.)
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Horn
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Sibbertsen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Philippe Clezardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Tobias Lange
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-40-7410-56339
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