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Hu Y, Zhu Y, Shi J, Wei X, Tang C, Guan X, Zhang W. Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2024:S1526-8209(24)00081-8. [PMID: 38616444 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of breast cancer is critical to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our aim is to explore more practical and effective diagnostic methods to facilitate early treatment and improve prognosis for breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Youden index, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to determine whether plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) could be used for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to validate the prognostic potential of plasma TrxR activity assessment. RESULTS A total of 761 patients were included, including 537 cases of breast cancer and 224 cases of benign breast diseases. Plasma TrxR activity in the breast cancer group [8.0 (6.0, 9.45) U/mL] was significantly higher than that in the benign group [3.05 (1.20, 6.275) U/mL]. The diagnostic efficiency of TrxR for breast cancer was higher than that of other conventional breast cancer biomarkers, with an area under the curve of 0.821 (95% CI = 0.791-0.852). In addition, TrxR can be used in combination with conventional tumor markers to further improve the diagnostic efficiency. The optimal TrxR threshold for identifying benign and malignant diseases is 7.45 U/mL. We detected plasma TrxR activity and serum tumor markers before and after antitumor therapies in 333 breast cancer patients and found that their trends were basically the same, with a significant decrease in plasma TrxR activity after treatment. CONCLUSION Plasma TrxR activity can be used as a suitable biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Qin H, Guo C, Chen B, Huang H, Tian Y, Zhong L. The C-terminal selenenylsulfide of extracellular/non-reduced thioredoxin reductase endows this protein with selectivity to small-molecule electrophilic reagents under oxidative conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1274850. [PMID: 38523661 PMCID: PMC10957665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1274850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) serves as an antioxidant protein by transferring electrons from NADPH to various substrates. The action of TrxR1 is achieved via reversible changes between NADPH-reduced and non-reduced forms, which involves C-terminal selenolthiol/selenenylsulfide exchanges. TrxR1 may be released into extracellular environment, where TrxR1 is present mainly in the non-reduced form with active-site disulfide and selenenylsulfide bonds. The relationships between extracellular TrxR1 and tumor metastasis or cellular signaling have been discovered, but there are few reports on small-molecule compounds in targeted the non-reduced form of TrxR1. Using eight types of small-molecule thiol-reactive reagents as electrophilic models, we report that the selenenylsulfide bond in the non-reduced form of TrxR1 functions as a selector for the thiol-reactive reagents at pH 7.5. The non-reduced form of TrxR1 is resistant to hydrogen peroxide/oxidized glutathione, but is sensitive to certain electrophilic reagents in different ways. With 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the polarized selenenylsulfide bond breaks, and selenolate anion donates electron to the dynamic covalent bond in DTNB or GSNO, forming TNB-S-Se-TrxR1 complex or ON-Se-TrxR1 complex. The both complexes lose the ability to transfer electrons from NADPH to substrate. For diamide, the non-reduced TrxR1 actually prevents irreversible damage by this oxidant. This is consistent with the regained activity of TrxR1 through removal of diamide via dialysis. Diamide shows effective in the presence of human cytosolic thioredoxin (hTrx1), Cys residue(s) of which is/are preferentially affected by diamide to yield disulfide, hTrx1 dimer and the mixed disulfide between TrxR1-Cys497/Sec498 and hTrx1-Cys73. In human serum samples, the non-reduced form of TrxR1 exists as dithiothreitol-reducible polymer/complexes, which might protect the non-reduced TrxR1 from inactivation by certain electrophilic reagents under oxidative conditions, because cleavage of these disulfides can lead to regain the activity of TrxR1. The details of the selective response of the selenenylsulfide bond to electrophilic reagents may provide new information for designing novel small-molecule inhibitors (drugs) in targeted extracellular/non-reduced TrxR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Qin
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bozhen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Liangwei Zhong
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sulukoğlu EK, Günaydın Ş, Kalın ŞN, Altay A, Budak H. Diffractaic acid exerts anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing migration through targeting thioredoxin reductase 1. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02980-5. [PMID: 38308689 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Due to the limited number of available drugs and their side effects, the development of new chemotherapeutic strategies for HCC treatment has become increasingly important. This study is aimed at investigating whether diffractaic acid (DA), one of the secondary metabolites of lichen, exhibits a potential anticancer effect on HepG2 cells and whether its anticancer effect is mediated by inhibition of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1), which is a target of chemotherapeutic strategies due to overexpression in tumor cells including HCC. XTT assay results showed that DA exhibited strong cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 78.07 µg/mL at 48 h. Flow cytometric analysis results revealed that DA displayed late apoptotic and necrotic effects on HepG2 cells. Consistent with these findings, real-time PCR results showed that DA did not alter the BAX/BCL2 ratio in HepG2 cells but upregulated the P53 gene. Moreover, the wound healing assay results revealed a strong anti-migratory effect of DA in HepG2 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that DA increased TRXR1 gene and protein expression levels, whereas enzyme activity studies disclosed that DA inhibited TRXR1. These findings suggest that DA has an anticancer effect on HepG2 cells by targeting the enzymatic inhibition of TRXR1. In conclusion, DA as a TRXR1 inhibitor can be considered an effective chemotherapeutic agent which may be a useful lead compound for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Karaca Sulukoğlu
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükran Günaydın
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kütahya Health Sciences University, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Nur Kalın
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altay
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Harun Budak
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Gautam SK, Khan P, Natarajan G, Atri P, Aithal A, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Nasser MW, Jain M. Mucins as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1640. [PMID: 36980526 PMCID: PMC10046558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection significantly correlates with improved survival in cancer patients. So far, a limited number of biomarkers have been validated to diagnose cancers at an early stage. Considering the leading cancer types that contribute to more than 50% of deaths in the USA, we discuss the ongoing endeavors toward early detection of lung, breast, ovarian, colon, prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancers to highlight the significance of mucin glycoproteins in cancer diagnosis. As mucin deregulation is one of the earliest events in most epithelial malignancies following oncogenic transformation, these high-molecular-weight glycoproteins are considered potential candidates for biomarker development. The diagnostic potential of mucins is mainly attributed to their deregulated expression, altered glycosylation, splicing, and ability to induce autoantibodies. Secretory and shed mucins are commonly detected in patients' sera, body fluids, and tumor biopsies. For instance, CA125, also called MUC16, is one of the biomarkers implemented for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and is currently being investigated for other malignancies. Similarly, MUC5AC, a secretory mucin, is a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, anti-mucin autoantibodies and mucin-packaged exosomes have opened new avenues of biomarker development for early cancer diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic potential of mucins in epithelial cancers and provide evidence and a rationale for developing a mucin-based biomarker panel for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar K. Ganti
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd W. Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Identification of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers and Druggable Targets among 205 Antioxidant Genes in 21 Different Tumor Types via Data-Mining. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020427. [PMID: 36839749 PMCID: PMC9959161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Oxidative stress is crucial in carcinogenesis and the response of tumors to treatment. Antioxidant genes are important determinants of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We hypothesized that genes involved in the oxidative stress response may be valuable as prognostic biomarkers for the survival of cancer patients and as druggable targets. (2) Methods: We mined the KM Plotter and TCGA Timer2.0 Cistrome databases and investigated 205 antioxidant genes in 21 different tumor types within the context of this investigation. (3) Results: Of 4347 calculations with Kaplan-Meier statistics, 84 revealed statistically significant correlations between high gene expression and worse overall survival (p < 0.05; false discovery rate ≤ 5%). The tumor types for which antioxidant gene expression was most frequently correlated with worse overall survival were renal clear cell carcinoma, renal papillary cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Seventeen genes were clearly overexpressed in tumors compared to their corresponding normal tissues (p < 0.001), possibly qualifying them as druggable targets (i.e., ALOX5, ALOX5AP, EPHX4, G6PD, GLRX3, GSS, PDIA4, PDIA6, PRDX1, SELENOH, SELENON, STIP1, TXNDC9, TXNDC12, TXNL1, TXNL4A, and TXNRD1). (4) Conclusions: We concluded that a sub-set of antioxidant genes might serve as prognostic biomarkers for overall survival and as druggable targets. Renal and liver tumors may be the most suitable entities for this approach.
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Shi J, Wei X, Song Y, Tang C, Zhang W. Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Biomarker for Gynecologic Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231184995. [PMID: 37365925 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231184995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous literatures, plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) level was significantly elevated in various malignant tumors and serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction. However, there is little awareness of the clinical value of plasma TrxR in gynecologic malignancies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma TrxR in gynecologic cancer and explore its role in treatment surveillance. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 134 patients with gynecologic cancer and 79 patients with benign gynecologic disease. The difference of plasma TrxR activity and tumor markers level between two groups was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. By detecting pretreatment and post-treatment level of TrxR and conventional tumor markers, we further assessed the change trend of them with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. RESULTS Compared with benign control [5.7 (5, 6.6) U/mL], statistically significant increase of TrxR activity was observed in gynecologic cancer group [8.4 (7.25, 9.825) U/mL] (P < .0001), regardless of age and stage. On the basis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we found plasma TrxR shows the highest diagnostic efficacy for distinguishing malignancy with benign disease, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.767-0.878), in the whole cohort. Besides, patients receiving treatment previously [8 (6.5, 9) U/mL] had a decreased TrxR level relative to treatment-native patients [9.9 (8.6, 10.85) U/mL]. Furthermore, follow-up data showed that plasma TrxR level would be evidently decreased after two courses of antitumor therapy (P < .0001), which is consistent with the downward trend of conventional tumor markers. CONCLUSION Collectively, all these results demonstrated plasma TrxR is an effective parameter for gynecologic cancer diagnosis and concurrently acts as a promising biomarker for treatment response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqi Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kılıç N, Boyacıoğlu Ö, Saltoğlu GT, Bulduk EB, Kurt G, Korkusuz P. Thioredoxin System and miR-21, miR-23a/b and let-7a as Potential Biomarkers for Brain Tumor Progression: Preliminary Case Data. World Neurosurg 2022; 167:e1299-e1309. [PMID: 36096386 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thioredoxin system and microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential targets for both cancer progression and treatment. However, the role of miRNAs and their relation with the expression profile of thioredoxin system in brain tumor progression remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we aimed to determine the expression profiles of redox components Trx-1, TrxR-1 and PRDX-1, and oncogenic miR-21, miR-23a/b and let-7a and oncosuppressor miR-125 in different brain tumor tissues and their association with increasing tumor grade. We studied Trx-1, TrxR-1, and PRDX-1 messenger RNA expression levels by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein levels by Western blot and miR-23a, miR-23b, miR-125a, miR-21, and let-7a miRNA expression levels by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 16 glioma, 15 meningioma, 5 metastatic, and 2 benign tumor samples. We also examined Trx-1, TrxR-1, and PRDX-1 protein levels in serum samples of 36 patients with brain tumor and 37 healthy volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found that Trx-1, TrxR-1, and PRDX-1 presented high messenger RNA expression but low protein expression in low-grade brain tumor tissues, whereas they showed higher protein expression in sera of patients with low-grade brain tumors. miR-23b, miR-21, miR-23a, and let-7a were highly expressed in low-grade brain tumor tissues and positively correlated with the increase in thioredoxin system activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that Trx-1, TrxR-1, miR-21, miR-23a/b, and let-7a might be used for brain tumor diagnosis in the clinic. Further prospective studies including molecular pathway analyses are required to validate the miRNA/Trx system regulatory axis in brain tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedret Kılıç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özge Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Turna Saltoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Bağbaşı, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Erkut Baha Bulduk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Kurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Zhu X, Zhang J, Yuwen D, Wei X, Tang C, Zhang W. Plasma thioredoxin reductase: a potential diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:736-745. [PMID: 35709525 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the early detection of gastric cancer (GC), there is a growing need for novel and efficient biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic value of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), which was found to be overexpressed in various malignancies. We found that TXNRD1 has a higher expression level in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and high TXNRD1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcomes of GC patients. Next, a total of 1446 cases were collected, with 896 cases in gastric cancer, 322 in benign gastric disease and 228 in healthy controls. We noticed plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) level in GC [8.4 (7.1, 9.7) U/mL] was significantly higher than that in benign disease [6.1 (5.4, 7.2) U/mL] or healthy controls [3.7 (1.7, 5.6) U/mL]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of TrxR activity for GC diagnosis was set at 5.75 U/mL with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.945. Moreover, a combined panel of TrxR and routine tumor markers could further elevate the diagnostic efficacy compared to a single biomarker. Finally, by measuring pre- and post-treatment TrxR activity and routine tumor markers, we found the change trend of them was broadly consistent, and plasma TrxR activity was significantly decreased in patients treated with platinum/fluorouracil-based therapy. Our findings recommend plasma TrxR activity combined with tumor markers as effective diagnostic tools for GC patients. As well, plasma TrxR has the potential to monitor therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolu Yuwen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Changing Perspectives from Oxidative Stress to Redox Signaling-Extracellular Redox Control in Translational Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061181. [PMID: 35740078 PMCID: PMC9228063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has changed the understanding of oxidative stress that has been linked to every major disease. Today we distinguish oxidative eu- and distress, acknowledging that redox modifications are crucial for signal transduction in the form of specific thiol switches. Long underestimated, reactive species and redox proteins of the Thioredoxin (Trx) family are indeed essential for physiological processes. Moreover, extracellular redox proteins, low molecular weight thiols and thiol switches affect signal transduction and cell–cell communication. Here, we highlight the impact of extracellular redox regulation for health, intermediate pathophenotypes and disease. Of note, recent advances allow the analysis of redox changes in body fluids without using invasive and expensive techniques. With this new knowledge in redox biochemistry, translational strategies can lead to innovative new preventive and diagnostic tools and treatments in life sciences and medicine.
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Gong X, Lu X, Cao J, Liu H, Chen H, Bao F, Shi X, Cong H. Serum hsa_circ_0087776 as a new oncologic marker for the joint diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12447-12459. [PMID: 34905439 PMCID: PMC8810131 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by abnormal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells, which lacks diagnostic markers and has a general prognosis. At present, the understanding of its pathogenesis provides the basis for the combined diagnosis and new targeted therapy of the disease. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 136 MM patients and 74 healthy controls, and the clinical application value of hsa_circ_0087776 as a new tumor marker and combined diagnosis was evaluated. The results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0087776 was significantly lower in serum of MM patients (P-value < 0.0001), and the expression was consistent in MM cells. In the analysis of clinicopathological parameters, it was found that there were significant statistical differences with MM stage and renal injury. In addition, it significantly increased the sensitivity with ALB, β₂-MG joint diagnosis, to provide a basis for diagnosis, improve the prognosis of the disease, improve the survival of patients and quality of life. These studies suggest that hsa_circ_0087776 can be used as a new oncology marker for the combined diagnosis of MM. Impact statement: Various evidences have shown that the role of circRNA in the occurrence and development of diseases is potentially unknown and untapped. Therefore, it has a broad prospect to find circRNA specifically expressed in MM patients for combined diagnosis and targeted therapy of MM. However, MM lacks such specific tumor markers. Therefore, the discovery of new specific tumor markers for combined diagnosis is an important milestone in the development of medical history. In the research, we founded hsa_circ_0087776 can be used as a new oncology marker for combined diagnosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Linqing People's Hospital, Linqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Vip Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
| | - Fang Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong P.R. China
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