MHD hybrid nanofluid flow comprising the medication through a blood artery

Biomedical aspects of entropy generation on MHD flow of TiO2-Ag/blood hybrid nanofluid in a porous cylinder

This study aims to analyze the heat transfer behavior of the magnetohydrodynamic blood-based Casson hybrid nanofluid in the occurrence of a non-Fourier heat flux model and linear thermal radiation over a horizontal porous stretching cylinder with potential applications in biomedical engineering. The present investigation utilised titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles, which exhibit considerable potential in the realm of cancer therapy. Thus, there is a growing interest among biomedical engineers and clinicians in the study of entropy production as a means of quantifying energy dissipation in biological systems. Suitable self-similarity variables are employed to transform the nonlinear mathematical equations such as velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and heat transfer rate, which are computed via homotopy perturbation method (HPM). HPM computations have been executed to solve the influences of various parameters such as porosity parameter ( K = 0.0 , 1.0 , 2.0 ) , Curvature parameter ( α = 0.0 , 1.0 , 3.0 , 5.0 ) , Casson parameter ( β = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.5 ) , inertia coefficient ( Fr = 0.5 , 1.5 , 2.5 ) , thermal relaxation parameter ( δ ∗ = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) , radiation ( Rd = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) , Eckert number ( Ec = 0.0 , 0.1 , 0.2 ) , Brinkman number ( Br = 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) and temperature difference parameter ( α 1 = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) . The comparison using the homotopy perturbation technique produces a more accurate and reliable consequence than the numerical method (Runge-Kutta method). The higher values of the Casson and Curvature parameters decrease the velocity profile. The temperature profile of M = 1 and M = 0 increases with improving values of the thermal relaxation parameter. Entropy generation rises to enhance Brinkman number values, whereas Bejan number exhibits the reverse influence. Improving the value of the heat source parameter declines the Nusselt number.

Flow and Heat Transfer of CoFe2O4-Blood Due to a Rotating Stretchable Cylinder under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

The flow and heat transfer of a steady, viscous biomagnetic fluid containing magnetic particles caused by the swirling and stretching motion of a three-dimensional cylinder has been investigated numerically in this study. Because fluid and particle rotation are different, a magnetic field is applied in both radial and tangential directions to counteract the effects of rotational viscosity in the flow domain. Partial differential equations are used to represent the governing three-dimensional modeled equations. With the aid of customary similarity transformations, this system of partial differential equations is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations. They are then numerically resolved utilizing a common finite differences technique that includes iterative processing and the manipulation of tridiagonal matrices. Graphs are used to depict the physical effects of imperative parameters on the swirling velocity, temperature distributions, skin friction coefficient, and the rate of heat transfer. For higher values of the ferromagnetic interaction parameter, it is discovered that the axial velocity increases, whereas temperature and tangential velocity drop. With rising levels of the ferromagnetic interaction parameter, the size of the axial skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer are both accelerated. In some limited circumstances, a comparison with previously published work is also handled and found to be acceptably accurate.

Series Solutions of Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Hybrid nanofluids have many real-world applications. Research has shown that mixed nanofluids facilitate heat transfer better than nanofluids with one type of nanoparticle. New applications for this type of material include microfluidics, dynamic sealing, and heat dissipation. In this study, we began by placing copper into H2O to prepare a Cu-H2O nanofluid. Next, Cu-H2O was combined with Al2O3 to create a Cu-Al2O3-H2O hybrid nanofluid. In this article, we present an analytical study of the estimated flows and heat transfer of incompressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluids in the boundary layer. The application of similarity transformations converts the interconnected governing partial differential equations of the problem into a set of ordinary differential equations. Utilizing the homotopy analysis method (HAM), a uniformly effective series solution was obtained for the entire spatial region of 0 < η < ∞. The errors in the HAM calculation are smaller than 1 × 10-9 when compared to the results from the references. The volume fractions of the hybrid nanofluid and magnetic fields have significant impacts on the velocity and temperature profiles. The appearance of magnetic fields can alter the properties of hybrid nanofluids, thereby altering the local reduced friction coefficient and Nusselt numbers. As the volume fractions of nanoparticles increase, the effective viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid typically increases, resulting in an increase in the local skin friction coefficient. The increased interaction between the nanoparticles in the hybrid nanofluid leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number distribution.

An investigation into a semi-porous channel's forced convection of nano fluid in the presence of a magnetic field as a result of heat radiation

This study investigates the impact of heat radiation on magnetically-induced forced convection of nanofluid in a semi-porous channel. The research employs Akbari-Ganji's and Homotopy perturbation methods to analyze the effects of multiple parameters, including Hartmann number, Reynolds number, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and suction parameter, on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The results demonstrate that increasing Reynolds number, suction, and radiation parameters increases temperature gradient, providing valuable insights into improving heat transfer in semi-porous channels. The study validates the proposed methods by comparing the results with those obtained from other established methods in the literature. The main focus of this work is to understand the behavior of nanofluids in semi-porous channels under the influence of magnetic fields and heat radiation, which is essential for various industrial and engineering applications. The future direction of this research includes exploring the effects of different nanoparticle shapes and materials on heat transfer performance and investigating the influence of other parameters, such as buoyancy forces and variable properties, on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more efficient thermal management systems in the future.

Unsteady hybrid nanofluid (Cu-UO2/blood) with chemical reaction and non-linear thermal radiation through convective boundaries: An application to bio-medicine

This study is focused on modeling and simulations of hybrid nanofluid flow. Uranium dioxide UO2 nanoparticles are hybrid with copper Cu, copper oxide CuO and aluminum oxide Al2O3 while considering blood as a base fluid. The blood flow is initially modeled considering magnetic effect, non-linear thermal radiation and chemical reactions along with convective boundaries. Then for finding solution of the obtained highly nonlinear coupled system we propose a methodology in which q-homotopy analysis method is hybrid with Galerkin and least square Optimizers. Residual errors are also computed in this study to confirm the validity of results. Analysis reveals that rate of heat transfer in arteries increases up to 13.52 Percent with an increase in volume fraction of Cu while keeping volume fraction of UO2 fixed to 1% in a base fluid (blood). This observation is in excellent agreement with experimental result. Furthermore, comparative graphical study of Cu,CuO and Al2O3 for increasing volume fraction is also performed keeping UO2 volume fraction fixed. Investigation indicates that Cu has the highest rate of heat transfer in blood when compared with CuO and Al2O3. It is also observed that thermal radiation increases the heat transfer rate in the current study. Furthermore, chemical reaction decreases rate of mass transfer in hybrid blood nanoflow. This study will help medical practitioners to minimize the adverse effects of UO2 by introducing hybrid nano particles in blood based fluids.

Generalized complex cilia tip modeled flow through an electroosmotic region

In this analysis, we explore a nanofluid model that represents the role of ciliary carpets in the transport of magnetohydrodynamic fluid in an electroosmotic channel. Hybrid nanofluid features are also taken into interpretation. The equations leading the flow analysis are converted into non-dimensional form by supposing long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. Analytical solutions for velocity distribution, pressure gradient and stream function are acquired and solved by a mathematic solver. The effects of the relevant physical parameters are graphically noted. The consequence of the present model has remarkable applications, which can be used in various areas of biological transport processes, artificial cilia design and in the operation of other mechanical devices.

Investigation of blood flow characteristics saturated by graphene/CuO hybrid nanoparticles under quadratic radiation using VIM: study for expanding/contracting channel

The importance of heat transfer in nanoliquids cannot avoided because it playing crucial role in the applied research fields. The potential area of applications included but restricted to applied thermal, biomedical, mechanical and chemical engineering. Therefore, it is the need of time to introduce new efficient way to enhance the heat transport rate in common fluids. The major aim of this research is to develop a new heat transport BHNF (Biohybrid Nanofluid Model) model in a channel having expanding/contracting walls up to Newtonian regimes of blood. The two sort of nanomaterials (Graphene + CuO) along with blood as base solvent are taken for the formation of working fluid. After that, the model analyzed via VIM (Variational Iteration Method) to examine the influence of involved physical parameters on the behavior of bionanofluids. The model results revealed that the bionanofluids velocity rises towards the lower and upper channel end when the expanding/contracting of the walls in the range of 0.1-1.6 (expanding case) and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] (contraction case). The working fluid attained high velocity in the neighboring of center portion of the channel. By increasing the walls permeability ([Formula: see text]), the fluid movement can be reduced and optimum decrement observed about [Formula: see text]. Further, inclusion of thermal radiation (R_d) and temperature coefficient ([Formula: see text]) observed good to enhance thermal mechanism in both hybrid and simple bionanofluids. The present ranges of R_d and [Formula: see text] considered from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], respectively. Thermal boundary layer reduced in the case of simple bionanoliquid keeping [Formula: see text].

Unsteady hybrid nanofluid ([Formula: see text], MWCNTs/blood) flow between two rotating stretchable disks with chemical reaction and activation energy under the influence of convective boundaries

Hybrid nanofluids are extensively analyzed in recent studies due to their better performance in numerous areas such as heat and mass transfer enhancement, biological fluid movement, medical equipment, heat exchangers, electronic cooling and automotive industry. In current study the nanoparticle concentration utilized is much important in biomedical industry. Major applications include drug delivery, radio-pharmaceuticals, centrifuging blood to obtain red blood cells and plasma, medical implants, onco therapeutics and photo thermal cancer therapy. In this regard, the primary focus of this study is to simulate a blood based unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow between two rotating, stretching disks and convective boundaries. The two nanoparticles in this study are uranium dioxide [Formula: see text] and multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs. The hybrid nanofluid is under the influence of magnetohydrodynamic effects and chemical reaction with activation energy. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity transform. Homotopy analysis method is used to solve the non-linear system of ODEs and [Formula: see text]-curves are plotted to find suitable region of [Formula: see text] for convergent series solution. Velocity profile is examined for axial, radial and tangential direction against various fluid parameters. Temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed for both convective and non-convective cases. It is observed that convective boundaries result in elevated temperature when compared with non-convective case. Moreover, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates are also examined with respect to changing volume fraction [Formula: see text].The results revealed that skin friction and rate of heat transfer increases with increase in volume fraction of both nanoparticles [Formula: see text] and MWCNTs while the mass transfer rate depicts contrasting behavior.

Irreversibility analysis of electromagnetic hybrid nanofluid for Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model using finite element approach

To get a better heat transmission capacity of ordinary fluids, new hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) with a considerably greater exponent heat than nanofluids (NFs) are being used. HNFs, which have a greater heat exponent than NFs, are being applied to increase the HT capacities of regular fluids. Two-element nanoparticles mixed in a base fluid make up HNFs. This research investigates the flow and HT features of HNF across a slick surface. As a result, the geometric model is explained by employing symmetry. The technique includes nanoparticles shape factor, Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous media, Cattaneo-Christov, and thermal radiative heat flux effects. The governing equations are numerically solved by consuming a method known as the Galerkin finite element method (FEM). In this study, H₂O-water was utilized as an ironic, viscous improper fluid, and HNF was investigated. Copper (Co) and Titanium Alloy (Ti₆Al₄V) nanoparticles are found in this fluid. The HT level of such a fluid (Ti₆Al₄V-Co/H₂O) has steadily increased in comparison to ordinary Co-H₂O NFs, which is a significant discovery from this work. The inclusion of nanoparticles aids in the stabilization of a nanofluid flowing and maintains the symmetry of the flow form. The thermal conductivity is highest in the boundary-lamina-shaped layer and lowest in sphere-shaped nanoparticles. A system's entropy increases by three characteristics: their ratio by fractional size, their radiated qualities, and their heat conductivity modifications. The primary applications of this examination are the biological and medical implementations like dental and orthopedic implantable devices, as well as other devices such as screws and plates because they possess a favorable set of characteristics such as good biomaterials, corrosion resistance and wear, and great mechanical characteristics.

Investigation of 3D flow of magnetized hybrid nanofluid with heat source/sink over a stretching sheet

The thermal processes with inclusion of nanomaterials provide a wide range of applications pertaining to heat exchangers and cooling of compact heat density devices. The current research investigates the three-dimension flow of hybrid nanofluid comprising TC4(Ti-6A-14V) and Nichrome 80% Ni and 20% Cr nanoparticles mixed within engine oil as the base fluid for the enhancement of heat and mass transfer rate. The effects of homogeneous-heterogeneous processes and thermal radiation are incorporated. The heat transfer occurs due to a rotating inclined stretched sheet is discussed against prominent factors such as thermal radiation, inclined angle parameter, rotation parameter, and heat source/sink. The leading mathematical formulation consists of a set of PDEs, which are then transmuted into ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformation. The numerical solutions are obtained by using MATLAB's built-in function bvp4c. The results for velocity profile, temperature profile and concentration distribution are evaluated for suitable ranges of the controlling parameters. The graphical result shows that when the angle of inclination, magnetic parameter, and the volumetric concentration of hybrid nanomaterials increase the axial flow profile of the hybrid nanofluid is reduced. However, the rotation parameter reveals the opposite response. The temperature is intensified with an increment of heat source/sink, shape factors, and magnetic field parameter. For enhanced nanoparticle volumetric concentration, the temperature of the fluid rises up. The graphical validation is also illustrated using streamlines and statistical plots for hybrid nanofluid.

Multiple Impinging Jet Cooling of a Wavy Surface by Using Double Porous Fins under Non-Uniform Magnetic Field

Coupled effects of double porous fins and inhomogeneous magnetic field on the cooling performance of multiple nanojet impingement for a corrugated surface were numerically analyzed. Different values of magnetic field parameters (strength, inclination, and amplitude of spatially varying part) and double porous fin parameters (inclination and permeability) were used, while finite element method is used as the solution method. When parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed, there were 162.5% and 34% Nusselt number (Nu) enhancement with magnetic field for flat and wavy surfaces, respectively. The variations of average Nu became 36% and 24% when varying the inclination and amplitude of inhomogeneous magnetic for a flat surface, while the amounts were 43.7% and 32% for a corrugated one. The vortex distribution in between the jets and cooling performance was affected by the variation of double porous fin permeability and inclination. An optimization method was used for the highest cooling performance, while the optimum set of parameters was obtained at (Ha, Amp, Da, Ω) = (0.224, 0.5835, 7.59×10−4, 0.1617). By using the double porous fins and inhomogeneous magnetic field, excellent control of the cooling performance of multiple impinging jet was obtained.

Analytical investigation of magnetized 2D hybrid nanofluid (GO + ZnO + blood) flow through a perforated capillary

The hydrothermal features of unsteady, incompressible, and laminar hybrid nanofluid motion through a porous capillary are analytically studied in the magnetic field presence. The hybrid nanofluid (GO + ZnO + Blood) is synthesized by blending nanomaterials of graphene oxide and zinc oxide with blood acting as the host fluid. The mathematical model of the flow comprises of a coupled nonlinear set of partial differential equations (PDEs) satisfying appropriate boundary conditions. These equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity transformations and then solved with homotopy analysis method (HAM). The impacts of various pertinent physical parameters over the hybrid nanofluid state functions are examined by displaying 2 D graphs. It has been observed that the fluid velocity mitigates with the varying strength of M, A₀, N₀, and N₁. The enhancing buoyancy parameter ϵ augments the fluid velocity. The increasing Prandtl number causes to reduce, while the enhancing A₀, B, and N₂ augment the hybrid nanofluid temperature. The fluid concentration mitigates with the higher Schmidt number values and A₀, and augments with the increasing Soret number strength. The augmenting magnetic field strength causes to enhance the fluid friction, whereas the convective heat transfer increases with the Prandtl number rising values. The rising Sherwood number drops the mass transfer rate of the fluid. The achieved results are validated due to the agreement with the published results. The results of this computation will find applications in biomedicine, nanotechnology, and fluid dynamics.

A brief comparative examination of tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid through a extending surface: numerical Keller-Box scheme

A novel hybrid nanofluid was explored in order to find an efficient heat-transmitting fluid to replace standard fluids and revolutionary nanofluids. By using tangent hyperbolic hybrid combination nanoliquid with non-Newtonian ethylene glycol (EG) as a basis fluid and a copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) mixture, this work aims to investigate the viscoelastic elements of the thermal transferring process. Flow and thermal facts, such as a slippery extended surface with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), suction/injection, form factor, Joule heating, and thermal radiation effects, including changing thermal conductivity, were also integrated. The Keller-Box method was used to perform collective numerical computations of parametric analysis using governing equivalences. In the form of graphs and tables, the results of TiO₂-Cu/EG hybrid nanofluid were compared to those of standard Cu/EG nanofluid in important critical physical circumstances. The entropy generation study was used to examine energy balance and usefulness for important physically impacting parameters. Detailed scrutiny on entropy development get assisted with Weissenberg number, magnetic parameter, fractional volumes, injection parameter, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, Biot number, shape variation parameter, Reynolds and Brinkman number. Whereas the entropy gets resisted for slip and suction parameter. In this case, spotted entropy buildup with important parametric ranges could aid future optimization.

Significance of Synthetic Cilia and Arrhenius Energy on Double Diffusive Stream of Radiated Hybrid Nanofluid in Microfluidic Pump under Ohmic Heating: An Entropic Analysis

This study investigates the thermal aspects of magnetohydrodynamic double diffusive flow of a radiated Cu-CuO/Casson hybrid nano-liquid through a microfluidic pump in the presence of electroosmosis effects. Shared effects of the Arrhenius activation energy and the Joule heating on the intended liquid transport are also incorporated. The inner wall of the pump is covered with electrically charged fabricated cilia mat that facilitates flow actuation and micro-mixing process. The governing equations for the proposed problem are simplified by utilizing the Debye-Hückel and lubrication approximations. The numerical solutions are calculated with the aid of shooting technique. The analysis reports that the substantial effects of electroosmosis contribute an important role in cooling process. Existence of electric double layer stimulates an escalation in liquid stream in the vicinity of the pump surface. The Arrhenius energy input strengthens the mass dispersion and regulates the thermal treatment. The proposed geometry delivers a deep perception that fabricated cilia in electroosmotic pumps are potential pharmaceutical micromixers for an effective flow and minimum entropy generation rate.

Non-linear convective flow of the thin film nanofluid over an inclined stretching surface

To enhance the surface properties of solids the mechanism of thin films is frequently used. Penetration, degradation, stiffness, illumination, diffusion, absorption, and electric performance are all characteristics of a bulk substance medium that a thin film can improve. In nanotechnology, thin film processing can be extremely useful. Therefore, the time-dependent nonlinearly convective stream of thin film nanoliquid over an inclined stretchable sheet with magnetic effect is investigated in current work. The features of mass and heat transport processes are explained using important factors like thermophoresis and Brownian movement. Nonlinear partial differential equations are obtained to model the time-dependent liquid film flow over an inclined surface, which are then turned into couple ordinary differential equations utilizing appropriate alterations. The results of the computation of the model problem are collected using an analytical approach Homotopy Analysis Method and presented the final finding numerically and graphically. During the flow assessment, the impact of individual flow factors such as magnetic, Brownian, and thermophoresis parameters on regular profiles (temperature, velocity, and concentration) are analyzed and found to be quite remarkable. Furthermore, the consequence of M and N_t factors on the velocity, concentration and thermal distribution leads to diminishing conduct. On the other hand, the thermal profile of the liquid film rises in response to the thermophoresis factor. The % wise variation in the skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number versus physical parameters has been obtained and discussed.