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Gomarasca S, Stefani F, Fasola E, La Porta CA, Bocchi S. Regional evaluation of glyphosate pollution in the minor irrigation network. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141679. [PMID: 38527632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to its low cost, its ease of use and to the "mild action" declared for long time by the Control and Approval Agencies towards it, the herbicide Glyphosate, is one of the currently best-selling and most-used agricultural products worldwide. In this work, we evaluated the presence and spread of Glyphosate in the Po River Basin (Northern Italy), one of the regions with the most intensified agriculture in Europe and where, by now for decades, a strong and general loss of aquatic biodiversity is observed. In order to carry out a more precise study of the real presence of this herbicide in the waters, samples were collected from the minor water network for two consecutive years, starting in 2022, at an interval time coinciding with those of the spring and summer crop treatments. In contrast to the sampling strategies generally adopted by Environmental Protection Agencies, a more focused sampling strategy was adopted to highlight the possible high concentrations in minor watercourses in direct contact with cultivated fields. Finally, we investigated the possible consequences that the higher amounts of Glyphosate found in our monitoring activities can have on stress reactions in plant (Groenlandia densa) and animal (Daphnia magna) In all the monitoring campaigns we detected exceeding European Environmental Quality Standard - EQS limits (0.1 μg/L) values. Furthermore, in some intensively agricultural areas, concentrations reached hundreds of μg/L, with the highest peaks during spring. In G. densa and D. magna, the exposition to increasing doses of herbicide showed a clear response linked to metabolic stress. Overall, our results highlight how, after several decades of its use, the Glyphosate use efficiency is still too low, leading to economic losses for the farm and to strong impacts on ecosystem health. Current EU policy indications call for an agroecological approach necessary to find alternatives to chemical weed control, which farms can develop in different contexts in order to achieve the sustainability goals set by the Farm to Fork strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gomarasca
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Fasola
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Caterina Am La Porta
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Yang Z, Gaillard JF. Dissolution kinetics of copper oxide nanoparticles in presence of glyphosate. NANOIMPACT 2024; 33:100492. [PMID: 38195029 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Recently CuO nanoparticles (n-CuO) have been proposed as an alternative method to deliver a Cu-based pesticide for controlling fungal infestations. With the concomitant use of glyphosate as an herbicide, the interactions between n-CuO and this strong ligand need to be assessed. We investigated the dissolution kinetics of n-CuO and bulk-CuO (b-CuO) particles in the presence of a commercial glyphosate product and compared it to oxalate, a natural ligand present in soil water. We performed experiments at concentration levels representative of the conditions under which n-CuO and glyphosate would be used (∼0.9 mg/L n-CuO and 50 μM of glyphosate). As tenorite (CuO) dissolution kinetics are known to be surface controlled, we determined that at pH 6.5, T ∼ 20 °C, using KNO3 as background electrolyte, the presence of glyphosate leads to a dissolution rate of 9.3 ± 0.7 ×10-3 h-1. In contrast, in absence of glyphosate, and under the same conditions, it is 2 orders of magnitude less: 8.9 ± 3.6 ×10-5 h-1. In a more complex multi-electrolyte aqueous solution the same effect is observed; glyphosate promotes the dissolution rates of n-CuO and b-CuO within the first 10 h of reaction by a factor of ∼2 to ∼15. In the simple KNO3 electrolyte, oxalate leads to dissolution rates of CuO about two times faster than glyphosate. However, the kinetic rates within the first 10 h of reaction are about the same for the two ligands when the reaction takes place in the multi-electrolyte solution as oxalate is mostly bound to Ca2+ and Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxun Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109, USA.
| | - Jean-François Gaillard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109, USA.
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do Nascimento-Silva C, do Carmo-Neto EF, de Santana SL, de Amorim EM, de Oliveira RA, de Amaral DS, Costa MAR, do Nascimento AF, Dos Santos RA, De França EJ, Rohde C. Accessing the Health Risk of Ingestion of Surface Water from Lucrécia and Parelhas Dams in Northeast Brazil Using the Sentinel Organism Drosophila melanogaster. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 112:12. [PMID: 38093100 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the genotoxic risk of chronic exposure of hemolymph's cells of Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta, Diptera) to water samples from Boqueirão de Parelhas Dam and from Lucrécia Dam in the semiarid region of Brazil. The dams are located over the Pegmatite Province of Borborema, with rocks rich in uranium and thorium. Water samples hydrated a culture medium composed of mashed potatoes, where larvae of D. melanogaster fed for 24 h, before be underwent to the Comet assay. The same water was evaluated for the presence of dissolved Radon gas (222Rn) and concentrations of 11 toxic metals (Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The results indicated a genotoxic effect resulting from exposure to the waters of the Parelhas dam, in the samples of August 2018; and in Lucrécia dam, in January 2019. D. melanogaster stood out for its high sensitivity to monitor the genotoxic effects of compounds dissolved in public dams. And unlike to other essentially aquatic sentinel organisms, this species stood out as a model to concomitant studies of air and water possible contaminated, in a scenario of natural environmental radioactivity present in semiarid of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles do Nascimento-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Edson Francisco do Carmo-Neto
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lima de Santana
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Erima Maria de Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Deric Soares de Amaral
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire 200, CEP 50740-545, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Matheus Andrade Rocha Costa
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire 200, CEP 50740-545, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alesxandro Francisco do Nascimento
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire 200, CEP 50740-545, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Robson Alves Dos Santos
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire 200, CEP 50740-545, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elvis Joacir De França
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire 200, CEP 50740-545, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rohde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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