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Hosseinpour A, Daneshzad E, Dezfouli RA, Zamani S, Qorbani M. The Association Between Antioxidants and COVID-19 Outcomes: a Systematic Review on Observational Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5098-5114. [PMID: 36840911 PMCID: PMC9959932 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
It is proven that the blood concentration of antioxidants can impress the severity of viral infections, including COVID-19. However, the lack of a comprehensive study accumulating existing data regarding COVID-19 can be perceived. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed to report the association between the blood concentration of several antioxidants and the overall health condition of COVID-19 patients. We summarized the available data surrounding the serum antioxidant level in COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 outcomes. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, and studies that evaluated the association between antioxidants and COVID-19 outcomes were included. Of 4101 articles that were viewed in the database search, 38 articles were included after the title, abstract, and full-text review. Twenty-nine studies indicated that lower serum antioxidants are associated with worse outcomes, and one study reported no association between serum zinc (Zn) level and COVID-19 outcomes. In most cases, antioxidant deficiency was associated with high inflammatory factors, high mortality, acute kidney injury, thrombosis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac injury, and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), and there was no significant association between serum antioxidants level and ICU or hospital length of stay (LOS). It seems that higher levels of antioxidants in COVID-19 patients may be beneficial to prevent disease progression. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseinpour
- Research Students Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ramin Abdi Dezfouli
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Zamani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ngwe Tun MM, Luvai E, Nwe KM, Toume K, Mizukami S, Hirayama K, Komatsu K, Morita K. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of various PET-bottled Japanese green teas and tea compounds in vitro. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1547-1557. [PMID: 35606466 PMCID: PMC9126694 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious threat to global public health. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is a significant concern regarding the continued effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. Thus, natural products such as foods, drinks, and other compounds should be investigated for their potential to treat COVID-19. Here, we examined the in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of various polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-bottled green Japanese teas and tea compounds. Six types of PET-bottled green tea were shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 121- to 323-fold dilution. Our study revealed for the first time that a variety of PET-bottled Japanese green tea drinks inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dilution-dependent manner. The tea compounds epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate showed virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, with IC50 values of 6.5 and 12.5 µM, respectively. The investigated teas and tea compounds inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the viral RNA levels and infectious titers. Furthermore, the green teas and EGCG showed significant inhibition at the entry and post-entry stages of the viral life cycle and inhibited the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease. These findings indicate that green tea drinks and tea compounds are potentially useful in prophylaxis and COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, , Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Elizabeth Luvai
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, , Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Khine Mya Nwe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, , Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immune Regulation, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, , Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW, Sigwadhi LN, Irusen EM, Zemlin AE, Masha TE, Erasmus RT, Chapanduka ZC, Prozesky H, Taljaard J, Parker A, Decloedt EH, Retief F, Jalavu TP, Ngah VD, Yalew A, Tamuzi JL, Baines N, McAllister M, Zumla A, Nyasulu PS. Comparison of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit in South Africa during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2021; 27:10.7196/AJTCCM.2021.v27i4.185. [PMID: 35359698 PMCID: PMC8948479 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2021.v27i4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), dominated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beta variant, has been reported to be associated with increased severity in South Africa (SA). Objectives To describe and compare clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in SA during the first and second waves. Methods In a prospective, single-centre, descriptive study, we compared all patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICU during the first and second waves. The primary outcomes assessed were ICU mortality and ICU length of stay (LOS). Results In 490 patients with comparable ages and comorbidities, no difference in mortality was demonstrated during the second compared with the first wave (65.9% v. 62.5%, p=0.57). ICU LOS was longer in the second wave (10 v. 6 days, p<0.001). More female admissions (67.1% v. 44.6%, p<0.001) and a greater proportion of patients were managed with invasive mechanical ventilation than with non-invasive respiratory support (39.0% v. 14%, p<0.001) in the second wave. Conclusion While clinical characteristics were comparable between the two waves, a higher proportion of patients was invasively ventilated and ICU stay was longer in the second. ICU mortality was unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lalla
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C F N Koegelenberg
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B W Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L N Sigwadhi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E M Irusen
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A E Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T E Masha
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Peninsula University of Technology Bellville Campus, Cape Town
| | - R T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Z C Chapanduka
- Division of Haematological Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H Prozesky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Taljaard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Parker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E H Decloedt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Retief
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T P Jalavu
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - V D Ngah
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Yalew
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
- National Data Management Centre for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J L Tamuzi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Baines
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M McAllister
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P S Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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