1
|
Toshova TB, Velchev DI, Pilarska DK, Todorov IA, Esteves I, Barth M, Takov DI. Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against the grey maize weevil Tanymecus dilaticollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults. Biol Futur 2024; 75:219-233. [PMID: 38416361 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The grey maize weevil, Tanymecus dilaticollis, is a polyphagous species, which is among the most important pests of maize in Southeastern Europe. The efficacy of commercial products with two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, was investigated against adults of the grey maize weevil under laboratory conditions. Nemastar®, containing S. carpocapsae was more effective on T. dilaticollis adults than Nematop® containing H. bacteriophora, when applied uniformly to the surface of the soil, on Petri dishes containing T. dilaticollis adults. Results showed that S. carpocapsae rates of 83-333 infective juveniles/adult caused > 94% mortality in T. dilaticollis adults, whereas H. bacteriophora caused 27-61%, adult mortality, after exposure of insects to the commercial products of EPNs for 15 days. The infection rates of EPNs increased with concentration applied and ranged from 70-83% and 19-64% for Nemastar® and Nematop®, respectively. Subsequent field and semi-field tests were conducted with Nemastar® (application rate of 50 million S. carpocapsae per 100 m2) in maize crops with biological (mycoinsecticide Naturalis®, biofungicides and fertilizers) and chemical seed treatment (Gaucho® FS 600; active ingredient: imidacloprid) in Knezha, Bulgaria. Nematodes were found only in the dead specimens, in open plots and cages sprayed with the commercial nematode product. Nematode sprayings contributed for higher maize yields in the open maize plots in the fields with different seed treatments. We suggest that the use of powder formulation of S. carpocapsae in combination with biologically treated maize seeds can contribute to minimize the use of chemical insecticides against the grey maize weevil. The results obtained can be used as a base to further tests to ascertain the efficacy of EPNs products before they can be recommended for use in the integrated approach to T. dilaticollis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora B Toshova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimitar I Velchev
- Maize Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 5835, Knezha, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela K Pilarska
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo A Todorov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivânia Esteves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Barth
- e-nema Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie und biologischen Pflanzenschutz mbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223, Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Danail I Takov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramakrishnan J, Salame L, Ananth Mani K, Feldbaum R, Karavani E, Mechrez G, Glazer I, Ment D. Increasing the Survival and Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Exposed Surfaces by Pickering Emulsion Formulations Offers New Venue for Foliar Pest Management. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 199:107938. [PMID: 37268287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Formulation technology has been the primordial focus to improve the low viability and erratic infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for foliar application. Adaptability to the fluctuating environment is a key trait in ensuring the survival and efficacy of EPNs. Hence, tailoring formulations towards EPNs foliar applications would effectively deliver consistent and reliable results for above-ground applications. EPNs survival and activity were characterized in novel Pickering emulsion post-application in planta cotton foliage. Two different types of novel formulations, Titanium Pickering emulsion (TPE) and Silica Pickering emulsion Gel (SPEG), were tailored for EPNs foliar applications. We report an extension of survival and infectivity to 96 hrs under controlled conditions by SPEG formulations for survival of IJ's on cotton foliage. In addition, survival of IJs (LT50) was extended from 14hrs in water to >80 hrs and >40 hrs by SPEG and TPE respectively. SPEG accounted for the slowest decrease of live IJs per surface area in comparison to TPE and control samples over time, exhibiting a 6-fold increase at 48 hrs. Under extreme conditions, survival and efficacy were extended for 8hrs in SPEG compared to merely 2hrs in control. Potential implications and possible mechanisms of protection are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Ramakrishnan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Liora Salame
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Feldbaum
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Eldad Karavani
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Itamar Glazer
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mastore M, Quadroni S, Rezzonico A, Brivio MF. The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae. INSECTS 2022; 14:43. [PMID: 36661971 PMCID: PMC9866168 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is allowing the invasion of insect pests into new areas without natural competitors and/or predators. The dipteran Drosophila suzukii has invaded both the Americas and Europe, becoming a serious problem for fruit crops. Control methods for this pest are still based on the use of pesticides, but less invasive and more sustainable methods, such as biocontrol, are needed. Variations in environmental conditions can affect the efficacy of bioinsecticides influencing their behavior and physiology besides that of the target insects. In this work, we developed a system that simulates the daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) detected in the environment, with the aim of studying the influence of temperature on biocontrol processes. We investigated the effects of DTFs on the efficacy of four bioinsecticides. Results showed that DTFs modify the efficacy of some entomopathogens while they are ineffective on others. Specifically, the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is the most effective bioinsecticide under all conditions tested, i.e., low DTF (11−22 °C) and high DTF (17−33 °C) compared to constant temperature (25 °C). In contrast, nematodes are more sensitive to changes in temperature: Steinernema carpocapsae loses efficacy at low DTF, while Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora are not effective in controlling the target dipteran. This work provides a basis for reviewing biological control methods against invasive species in the current context of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Mastore
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Quadroni
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Rezzonico
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Francesco Brivio
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
One‐step flame retardant/hydrophobic finishing on cotton fabric with
ammonium salt of hexamethylenediamine ‐ N, N, N′, N′ ‐ tetra (methylphosphonic acid)
doped silica sol. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|