1
|
Xu Y, Sun H, Chen J, Qin L, Wu M, Zhong Z, Zhang X. Loss of SIL1 Affects Actin Dynamics and Leads to Abnormal Neural Migration. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04272-8. [PMID: 38850350 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
SIL1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the molecular chaperone protein Bip in the endoplasmic reticulum that plays a crucial role in protein folding. The Sil1 gene is currently the only known causative gene of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS). Intellectual developmental disability is the main symptom of MSS, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that mutations in the Sil1 gene can delay neuronal migration during cortical development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To further identify potential molecules involved in the regulation of central nervous system development by SIL1, we established a cortical neuron model with SIL1 protein deficiency and used proteomic analysis to screen for differentially expressed proteins after Sil1 silencing, followed by GO functional enrichment and protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. We identified 68 upregulated and 137 downregulated proteins in total, and among them, 10 upregulated and 3 downregulated proteins were mainly related to actin cytoskeleton dynamics. We further validated the differential changes in actin-related molecules using qRT‒PCR and Western blotting of a Sil1 gene knockout (Sil1-/-) mouse model. The results showed that the protein levels of ACTN1 and VIM decreased, while their mRNA levels increased as a compensatory response to protein deficiency. The mRNA and protein levels of IQGAP1 both showed a secondary increase. In conclusion, we identified ACTN1 and VIM as the key molecules regulated by SIL1 that are involved in neuronal migration during cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongji Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liuting Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengxue Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahasrabudhe DM, Liesveld JL, Minhajuddin M, Singh NA, Nath S, Kumar VM, Balys M, Evans AG, Azadniv M, Hansen JN, Becker MW, Sharon A, Thomas VK, Moore RG, Khera MK, Jordan CT, Singh RK. In silico predicted compound targeting the IQGAP1-GRD domain selectively inhibits growth of human acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12868. [PMID: 38834690 PMCID: PMC11150481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is fatal in the majority of adults. Identification of new therapeutic targets and their pharmacologic modulators are needed to improve outcomes. Previous studies had shown that immunization of rabbits with normal peripheral WBCs that had been incubated with fluorodinitrobenzene elicited high titer antibodies that bound to a spectrum of human leukemias. We report that proteomic analyses of immunoaffinity-purified lysates of primary AML cells showed enrichment of scaffolding protein IQGAP1. Immunohistochemistry and gene-expression analyses confirmed IQGAP1 mRNA overexpression in various cytogenetic subtypes of primary human AML compared to normal hematopoietic cells. shRNA knockdown of IQGAP1 blocked proliferation and clonogenicity of human leukemia cell-lines. To develop small molecules targeting IQGAP1 we performed in-silico screening of 212,966 compounds, selected 4 hits targeting the IQGAP1-GRD domain, and conducted SAR of the 'fittest hit' to identify UR778Br, a prototypical agent targeting IQGAP1. UR778Br inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, resulted in G2/M arrest, and inhibited colony formation by leukemia cell-lines and primary-AML while sparing normal marrow cells. UR778Br exhibited favorable ADME/T profiles and drug-likeness to treat AML. In summary, AML shows response to IQGAP1 inhibition, and UR778Br, identified through in-silico studies, selectively targeted AML cells while sparing normal marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Sahasrabudhe
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Minhajuddin
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, US
| | - Niloy A Singh
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Subhangi Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vishuwes Muthu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Marlene Balys
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mitra Azadniv
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeanne N Hansen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | | | - Ashoke Sharon
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - V Kaye Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Richard G Moore
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Manoj K Khera
- Presude Lifesciences Pvt Ltd., Uttam Nagar, New Delhi, 110059, India
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, US
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar V, Chunchagatta Lakshman PK, Prasad TK, Manjunath K, Bairy S, Vasu AS, Ganavi B, Jasti S, Kamariah N. Target-based drug discovery: Applications of fluorescence techniques in high throughput and fragment-based screening. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23864. [PMID: 38226204 PMCID: PMC10788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Target-based discovery of first-in-class therapeutics demands an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases. Precise measurements of cellular and biochemical activities are critical to gain mechanistic knowledge of biomolecules and their altered function in disease conditions. Such measurements enable the development of intervention strategies for preventing or treating diseases by modulation of desired molecular processes. Fluorescence-based techniques are routinely employed for accurate and robust measurements of in-vitro activity of molecular targets and for discovering novel chemical molecules that modulate the activity of molecular targets. In the current review, the authors focus on the applications of fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) techniques such as fluorescence polarization (FP), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) for the discovery of chemical probe to exploring target's role in disease biology and ultimately, serve as a foundation for drug discovery. Some recent advancements in these techniques for compound library screening against important classes of drug targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GTPases, as well as phosphorylation- and acetylation-mediated protein-protein interactions, are discussed. Overall, this review presents a landscape of how these techniques paved the way for the discovery of small-molecule modulators and biologics against these targets for therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thazhe Kootteri Prasad
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kavyashree Manjunath
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sneha Bairy
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Akshaya S. Vasu
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - B. Ganavi
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Subbarao Jasti
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Neelagandan Kamariah
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin G, Huang J, Petela J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Gong S, Wu J, Liu B, Shi J, Gao Y. Targeting small GTPases: emerging grasps on previously untamable targets, pioneered by KRAS. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:212. [PMID: 37221195 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases including Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran are omnipresent molecular switches in regulating key cellular functions. Their dysregulation is a therapeutic target for tumors, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies, and infection. However, small GTPases have been historically recognized as "undruggable". Targeting KRAS, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, has only come into reality in the last decade due to the development of breakthrough strategies such as fragment-based screening, covalent ligands, macromolecule inhibitors, and PROTACs. Two KRASG12C covalent inhibitors have obtained accelerated approval for treating KRASG12C mutant lung cancer, and allele-specific hotspot mutations on G12D/S/R have been demonstrated as viable targets. New methods of targeting KRAS are quickly evolving, including transcription, immunogenic neoepitopes, and combinatory targeting with immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the vast majority of small GTPases and hotspot mutations remain elusive, and clinical resistance to G12C inhibitors poses new challenges. In this article, we summarize diversified biological functions, shared structural properties, and complex regulatory mechanisms of small GTPases and their relationships with human diseases. Furthermore, we review the status of drug discovery for targeting small GTPases and the most recent strategic progress focused on targeting KRAS. The discovery of new regulatory mechanisms and development of targeting approaches will together promote drug discovery for small GTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Yin
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Johnny Petela
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Siqi Gong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bei Liu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yijun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|