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Serra M, Simola N, Pollack AE, Costa G. Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans: an overview of recent findings. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1908-1918. [PMID: 38227515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants, in addition to having abuse potential, may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic effects. Central toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and adults. The present review provides an overview of recent research, conducted between 2018 and 2023, focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylphenidate, caffeine, and nicotine. Detailed elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alexia E Pollack
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Kassim FM, Lim JHM, Slawik SV, Gaus K, Peters B, Lee JWY, Hepple EK, Rodger J, Albrecht MA, Martin-Iverson MT. The effects of caffeine and d-amphetamine on spatial span task in healthy participants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287538. [PMID: 37440493 PMCID: PMC10343048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies that examined the effect of amphetamine or caffeine on spatial working memory (SWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) have used various tasks. However, there are no studies that have used spatial span tasks (SSTs) to assess the SWM effect of amphetamine and caffeine, although some studies have used digit span tasks (DST) to assess VWM. Previous reports also showed that increasing dopamine increases psychosis-like experiences (PLE, or schizotypy) scores which are in turn negatively associated with WM performance in people with high schizotypy and people with schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the influence of d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO), a dopamine releasing stimulant, on SST, DST, and on PLE in healthy volunteers. In a separate study, we examined the effect of caffeine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist with stimulant properties, on similar tasks. METHODS Healthy participants (N = 40) took part in two randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced placebo-controlled cross-over pilot studies: The first group (N = 20) with d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO) and the second group (N = 20) with caffeine (200 mg, PO). Spatial span and digit span were examined under four delay conditions (0, 2, 4, 8 s). PLE were assessed using several scales measuring various aspects of psychosis and schizotypy. RESULTS We failed to find an effect of d-amphetamine or caffeine on SWM or VWM, relative to placebo. However, d-amphetamine increased a composite score of psychosis-like experiences (p = 0.0005), specifically: Scores on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Perceptual Aberrations Scale, and Magical Ideation Scale were increased following d-amphetamine. The degree of change in PLE following d-amphetamine negatively and significantly correlated with changes in SWM, mainly at the longest delay condition of 8 s (r = -0.58, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The present results showed that moderate-high dose of d-amphetamine and moderate dose of caffeine do not directly affect performances on DST or SST. However, the results indicate that d-amphetamine indirectly influences SWM, through its effect on psychosis-like experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CT-2018-CTN-02561 (Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Registry) and ACTRN12618001292268 (The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) for caffeine study, and ACTRN12608000610336 for d-amphetamine study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M. Kassim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. H. Mark Lim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sophie V. Slawik
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph W. Y. Lee
- Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily K. Hepple
- Mental Health, North Metropolitan Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Western Australian Centre for Road Safety Research, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australa, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mathew T. Martin-Iverson
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Quiquempoix M, Drogou C, Erblang M, Van Beers P, Guillard M, Tardo-Dino PE, Rabat A, Léger D, Chennaoui M, Gomez-Merino D, Sauvet F. Relationship between Habitual Caffeine Consumption, Attentional Performance, and Individual Alpha Frequency during Total Sleep Deprivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4971. [PMID: 36981883 PMCID: PMC10049386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Caffeine is a psychostimulant that is well known to mitigate the deleterious effects of sleep debt. Our aim was to assess the effects of acute caffeine intake on cognitive vulnerability and brain activity during total sleep deprivation (TSD), taking into account habitual caffeine consumption. (2) Methods: Thirty-seven subjects were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover, total sleep deprivation protocol with caffeine or placebo treatment. Vigilant attention was evaluated every six hours during TSD using the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) with EEG recordings. The influence of habitual caffeine consumption was analyzed by categorizing subjects into low, moderate, and high consumers. (3) Results: The PVT reaction time (RT) increased during TSD and was lower in the caffeine condition vs. the placebo condition. The RT was shorter in the low-caffeine consumers compared to moderate and high consumers, regardless of conditions and treatments. The TSD-related increase in EEG power was attenuated by acute caffeine intake independently of habitual caffeine consumption, and the individual alpha frequency (IAF) was lower in the high-consumption group. The IAF was negatively correlated with daytime sleepiness. Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that the higher the daily caffeine consumption, the higher the RT and the lower the IAF. (4) Conclusions: A high level of habitual caffeine consumption decreases attentional performance and alpha frequencies, decreasing tolerance to sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quiquempoix
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (UMR LBEPS), Université d’Evry, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (UMR LBEPS), Université d’Evry, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Damien Léger
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France (F.S.)
- URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France
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