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Yang Y, Fan S, Webb JA, Ma Y, Goyette J, Chen X, Gaus K, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Electrochemical fluorescence switching of enhanced green fluorescent protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115467. [PMID: 37437456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Switchable fluorescent proteins, for which fluorescence can be switched ON and OFF, are widely used for molecule tracking and super resolution imaging. However, the robust use of the switchable fluorescent proteins is still limited as either the switching is not repeatable, or such switching requires irradiation with coupled lasers of different wavelengths. Herein, we report an electrochemical approach to reversible fluorescence switching for enhanced green fluorescent proteins (EGFP) on indium tin oxide coated glass. Our results demonstrate that negative and positive electrochemical potentials can efficiently switch the fluorescent proteins between the dim (OFF) and bright (ON) states at the single molecule level. The electrochemical fluorescence switching is fast, reversible, and may be performed up to hundreds of cycles before photobleaching occurs. These findings highlight that this method of electrochemical fluorescence switching can be incorporated into advanced fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Sanjun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - James A Webb
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xueqian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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2
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Kassim FM, Lim JHM, Slawik SV, Gaus K, Peters B, Lee JWY, Hepple EK, Rodger J, Albrecht MA, Martin-Iverson MT. The effects of caffeine and d-amphetamine on spatial span task in healthy participants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287538. [PMID: 37440493 PMCID: PMC10343048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies that examined the effect of amphetamine or caffeine on spatial working memory (SWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) have used various tasks. However, there are no studies that have used spatial span tasks (SSTs) to assess the SWM effect of amphetamine and caffeine, although some studies have used digit span tasks (DST) to assess VWM. Previous reports also showed that increasing dopamine increases psychosis-like experiences (PLE, or schizotypy) scores which are in turn negatively associated with WM performance in people with high schizotypy and people with schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the influence of d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO), a dopamine releasing stimulant, on SST, DST, and on PLE in healthy volunteers. In a separate study, we examined the effect of caffeine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist with stimulant properties, on similar tasks. METHODS Healthy participants (N = 40) took part in two randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced placebo-controlled cross-over pilot studies: The first group (N = 20) with d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO) and the second group (N = 20) with caffeine (200 mg, PO). Spatial span and digit span were examined under four delay conditions (0, 2, 4, 8 s). PLE were assessed using several scales measuring various aspects of psychosis and schizotypy. RESULTS We failed to find an effect of d-amphetamine or caffeine on SWM or VWM, relative to placebo. However, d-amphetamine increased a composite score of psychosis-like experiences (p = 0.0005), specifically: Scores on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Perceptual Aberrations Scale, and Magical Ideation Scale were increased following d-amphetamine. The degree of change in PLE following d-amphetamine negatively and significantly correlated with changes in SWM, mainly at the longest delay condition of 8 s (r = -0.58, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The present results showed that moderate-high dose of d-amphetamine and moderate dose of caffeine do not directly affect performances on DST or SST. However, the results indicate that d-amphetamine indirectly influences SWM, through its effect on psychosis-like experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CT-2018-CTN-02561 (Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Registry) and ACTRN12618001292268 (The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) for caffeine study, and ACTRN12608000610336 for d-amphetamine study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M. Kassim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. H. Mark Lim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sophie V. Slawik
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph W. Y. Lee
- Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily K. Hepple
- Mental Health, North Metropolitan Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Western Australian Centre for Road Safety Research, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australa, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mathew T. Martin-Iverson
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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3
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Suwannakot P, Nemec S, Peres NG, Du EY, Kilian KA, Gaus K, Kavallaris M, Gooding JJ. Electrostatic Assembly of Multiarm PEG-Based Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrix Mimics: Cell Response in the Presence and Absence of RGD Cell Adhesive Ligands. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1362-1376. [PMID: 36826383 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels have been used widely as extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics due to the ability to control and mimic physical and biochemical cues observed in natural ECM proteins such as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Most synthetic hydrogels are formed via covalent bonding resulting in slow gelation which is incompatible with drop-on-demand 3D bioprinting of cells and injectable hydrogels for therapeutic delivery. Herein, we developed an electrostatically crosslinked PEG-based hydrogel system for creating high-throughput 3D in vitro models using synthetic hydrogels to mimic the ECM cancer environment. A 3-arm PEG-based polymer backbone was first modified with either permanent cationic charged moieties (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium) or permanent anionic charged moieties (3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt). The resulting charged polymers can be conjugated further with various amounts of cell adhesive RGD motifs (0, 25, 75, and 98%) to study the influences of RGD motifs on breast cancer (MCF-7) spheroid formation. Formation, stability, and mechanical properties of hydrogels were tested with, and without, RGD to evaluate the cellular response to material parameters in a 3D environment. The hydrogels can be degraded in the presence of salts at room temperature by breaking the interaction of oppositely charged polymer chains. MCF-7 cells could be released with high viability through brief exposure to NaCl solution. Flow cytometry characterization demonstrated that embedded MCF-7 cells proliferate better in a softer (60 Pa) 3D hydrogel environment compared to those that are stiffer (1160 Pa). As the stiffness increases, the RGD motif plays a role in promoting cell proliferation in the stiffer hydrogel. Flow cytometry characterization demonstrated that embedded MCF-7 cells proliferate better in a softer (60 Pa) 3D hydrogel environment compared to those that are stiffer (1160 Pa). As the stiffness increases, the RGD motif plays a role in promoting cell proliferation in the stiffer hydrogel. Additionally, cell viability was not impacted by the tested hydrogel stiffness range between 60 to 1160 Pa. Taken together, this PEG-based tuneable hydrogel system shows great promise as a 3D ECM mimic of cancer extracellular environments with controllable biophysical and biochemical properties. The ease of gelation and dissolution through salt concentration provides a way to quickly harvest cells for further analysis at any given time of interest without compromising cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panthipa Suwannakot
- School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Nemec
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Newton Gil Peres
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Eric Y Du
- School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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4
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Li C, Dong L, Durairaj J, Guan JC, Yoshimura M, Quinodoz P, Horber R, Gaus K, Li J, Setotaw YB, Qi J, De Groote H, Wang Y, Thiombiano B, Floková K, Walmsley A, Charnikhova TV, Chojnacka A, Correia de Lemos S, Ding Y, Skibbe D, Hermann K, Screpanti C, De Mesmaeker A, Schmelz EA, Menkir A, Medema M, Van Dijk ADJ, Wu J, Koch KE, Bouwmeester HJ. Maize resistance to witchweed through changes in strigolactone biosynthesis. Science 2023; 379:94-99. [PMID: 36603079 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a major staple crop in Africa, where its yield and the livelihood of millions are compromised by the parasitic witchweed Striga. Germination of Striga is induced by strigolactones exuded from maize roots into the rhizosphere. In a maize germplasm collection, we identified two strigolactones, zealactol and zealactonoic acid, which stimulate less Striga germination than the major maize strigolactone, zealactone. We then showed that a single cytochrome P450, ZmCYP706C37, catalyzes a series of oxidative steps in the maize-strigolactone biosynthetic pathway. Reduction in activity of this enzyme and two others involved in the pathway, ZmMAX1b and ZmCLAMT1, can change strigolactone composition and reduce Striga germination and infection. These results offer prospects for breeding Striga-resistant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Durairaj
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J-C Guan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M Yoshimura
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland.,Kyoto University, iCeMS, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - P Quinodoz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - R Horber
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - K Gaus
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - J Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Y B Setotaw
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - J Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - H De Groote
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y Wang
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Thiombiano
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Floková
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Walmsley
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T V Charnikhova
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Chojnacka
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Correia de Lemos
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.,Plant genomics and transcriptomics group, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Y Ding
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - D Skibbe
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - K Hermann
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - C Screpanti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - A De Mesmaeker
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - E A Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A D J Van Dijk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - K E Koch
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - H J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Lim HJ, Wubben JM, Garcia CP, Cruz-Gomez S, Deng J, Mak JY, Hachani A, Anderson RJ, Painter GF, Goyette J, Amarasinghe SL, Ritchie ME, Roquilly A, Fairlie DP, Gaus K, Rossjohn J, Villadangos JA, McWilliam HE. A specialized tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in MR1 controls antigen presentation to MAIT cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213489. [PMID: 36129434 PMCID: PMC9499830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1 is a highly conserved microbial immune-detection system in mammals. It captures vitamin B-related metabolite antigens from diverse microbes and presents them at the cell surface to stimulate MR1-restricted lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MR1 presentation and MAIT cell recognition mediate homeostasis through host defense and tissue repair. The cellular mechanisms regulating MR1 cell surface expression are critical to its function and MAIT cell recognition, yet they are poorly defined. Here, we report that human MR1 is equipped with a tyrosine-based motif in its cytoplasmic domain that mediates low affinity binding with the endocytic adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex. This interaction controls the kinetics of MR1 internalization from the cell surface and minimizes recycling. We propose MR1 uses AP2 endocytosis to define the duration of antigen presentation to MAIT cells and the detection of a microbial metabolic signature by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacinta M. Wubben
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristian Pinero Garcia
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Cruz-Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieru Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y.W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regan J. Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shanika L. Amarasinghe
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Jose A. Villadangos:
| | - Hamish E.G. McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Correspondence to Hamish E.G. McWilliam:
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6
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Ma Y, Macmillan A, Yang Y, Gaus K. Lifetime based axial contrast enable simple 3D-STED imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35290969 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac5e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy increase spatial image resolution by laterally sharpening the illumination profile of the confocal microscope. However, it remains compromised in axial resolution. To improve axial STED resolution, constructive interference of the STED depletion beam must be formed surrounding the focal plane to turn off the fluorophores beyond the focal plane. For isotropic 3D-STED resolution, this axial STED interference pattern must be overlayed with the doughnut STED beam at nanometer accuracy. Such optical configurations can be challenging in alignment. In this current work, we introduced a straightforward lifetime based axial contrast in STED microscope by imaging the samples on an ITO coated glass coverslip. The STED laser generates surface plasmon resonance on the ITO surface that enhanced the metal induced energy transfer MIET effect on the ITO surface. The enhanced MIET effect established a lifetime gradient with ~20% dynamic range that extend for mor than 400 nm from the ITO surface. The axial contrast based on the lifetime gradient was directly used for 3D-STED imaging of tubulin fibers inside COS-7 cells, where the vertical displacement of single tubulin fiber was revealed. Lifetime gating could be applied to further improve lateral spatial resolution. Considering that most common implementation of STED microscopes uses pulsed lasers and timing electronics, there is no optical modification of the microscope is required in the current 3D-STED approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Level 3, Lowy Research building, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA
| | - Alex Macmillan
- University of New South Wales, Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ying Yang
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Level 3, Lowy Cancer Research Building, Sydney, NSW 2052, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA
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7
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Nieves DJ, Pandzic E, Gunasinghe SD, Goyette J, Owen DM, Justin Gooding J, Gaus K. The T cell receptor displays lateral signal propagation involving non-engaged receptors. Nanoscale 2022; 14:3513-3526. [PMID: 35171177 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
T cells are highly sensitive to low levels of antigen, but how this sensitivity is achieved is currently unknown. Here, we imaged proximal TCR-CD3 signal propagation with single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) in T cells activated with nanoscale clusters of TCR stimuli. We observed the formation of large TCR-CD3 clusters that exceeded the area of the ligand clusters, and required multivalent interactions facilitated by TCR-CD3 phosphorylation for assembly. Within these clustered TCR-CD3 domains, TCR-CD3 signaling spread laterally for ∼500 nm, far beyond the activating site, via non-engaged receptors. Local receptor density determined the functional cooperativity between engaged and non-engaged receptors, but lateral signal propagation was not influenced by the genetic deletion of ZAP70. Taken together, our data demonstrates that clustered ligands induced the clustering of non-ligated TCR-CD3 into domains that cooperatively facilitate lateral signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics, and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics, and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Abstract
Superresolution techniques have advanced our understanding of complex cellular structures and processes but require the attachment of fluorophores to targets through tags or antibodies, which can be bulky and result in underlabeling. To overcome these limitations, we developed a technique to visualize the nanoscale binding locations of signaling proteins by taking advantage of their native interaction domains. Here, we demonstrated that pPAINT (protein point accumulation in nanoscale topography) is a new, single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) technique and used it to investigate T cell signaling by visualizing the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which is common in signaling molecules. When SH2 domain-containing proteins relocate to the plasma membrane, the domains selectively, transiently, and reversibly bind to preferred phosphorylated tyrosine residues on receptors. This transient binding yields the stochastic blinking events necessary for SMLM when observed with total internal reflection microscopy and enables quantification of binding coefficients in intact cells. We used pPAINT to reveal the binding sites of several T cell receptor-proximal signaling molecules, including Zap70, PI3K, Grb2, Syk, Eat2, and SHP2, and showed that the probes could be multiplexed. We showed that the binding half-life of the tandem SH2 domain of PI3K correlated with binding site cluster size at the immunological synapses of T cells, but that longer binding lifetimes were associated with smaller clusters for the monovalent SH2 domain of Eat2. These results demonstrate the potential of pPAINT for investigating phosphotyrosine-mediated signaling processes at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan V Farrell
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea C Nunez
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pablo Pérez-Ferreros
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Longatte G, Lisi F, Chen X, Walsh J, Wang W, Ariotti N, Böcking T, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Statistical predictions on the encapsulation of single molecule binding pairs into size-dispersed nanocontainers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28029-28039. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule experiments have recently attracted enormous interest. Many of these studies involve the encapsulation of a single molecule into nanoscale containers (such as vesicles, droplets and nanowells). In such...
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10
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Longatte G, Lisi F, Bakthavathsalam P, Böcking T, Gaus K, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Biomolecular Binding under Confinement: Statistical Predictions of Steric Influence in Absence of Long-Distance Interactions. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100765. [PMID: 34856050 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We propose a theoretical model for the influence of confinement on biomolecular binding at the single-molecule scale at equilibrium, based on the change of the number of microstates (localization and orientation) upon reaction. Three cases are discussed: DNA sequences shorter and longer than the single strain DNA Kuhn length and spherical proteins, confined into a spherical container (liposome, droplet, etc.). The influence of confinement is found to be highly dependent on the molecular structure and significant for large molecules (relative to container size).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Longatte
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fabio Lisi
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Cong VT, Tilley RD, Sharbeen G, Phillips PA, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. How to exploit different endocytosis pathways to allow selective delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells over healthy cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15407-15417. [PMID: 34976362 PMCID: PMC8635177 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that it is possible to exploit the nanoparticle shape to selectively target endocytosis pathways found in cancer and not healthy cells. It is important to understand and compare the endocytosis pathways of nanoparticles in both cancer and healthy cells to restrict the healthy cells from taking up anticancer drugs to help reduce the side effects for patients. Here, the clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, and the anticancer drug, doxorubicin, are loaded into the same mesoporous silica nanorods. The use of nanorods was found to restrict the uptake by healthy cells but allowed cancer cells to take up the nanorods via the macropinocytosis pathway. Furthermore, it is shown that the nanorods can selectively deliver doxorubicin to the nucleus of breast cancer cells and to the cytoplasm of pancreatic cancer cells. The dual-drug-loaded nanorods were able to selectively kill the breast cancer cells in the presence of healthy breast cells. This study opens exciting possibilities of targeting cancer cells based on the material shape rather than targeting antibodies. It was recently shown that it is possible to exploit the nanoparticle shape to selectively target endocytosis pathways found in cancer and not healthy cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thanh Cong
- School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
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12
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Feher K, Graus MS, Coelho S, Farrell MV, Goyette J, Gaus K. K-Neighbourhood Analysis: A Method for Understanding SMLM Images as Compositions of Local Neighbourhoods. Front Bioinform 2021; 1:724127. [PMID: 36303786 PMCID: PMC9581049 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.724127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) is a powerful tool that has revealed the spatial arrangement of cell surface signalling proteins, producing data of enormous complexity. The complexity is partly driven by the convolution of technical and biological signal components, and partly by the challenge of pooling information across many distinct cells. To address these two particular challenges, we have devised a novel algorithm called K-neighbourhood analysis (KNA), which emphasises the fact that each image can also be viewed as a composition of local neighbourhoods. KNA is based on a novel transformation, spatial neighbourhood principal component analysis (SNPCA), which is defined by the PCA of the normalised K-nearest neighbour vectors of a spatially random point pattern. Here, we use KNA to define a novel visualisation of individual images, to compare within and between groups of images and to investigate the preferential patterns of phosphorylation. This methodology is also highly flexible and can be used to augment existing clustering methods by providing clustering diagnostics as well as revealing substructure within microclusters. In summary, we have presented a highly flexible analysis tool that presents new conceptual possibilities in the analysis of SMLM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Feher
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew S. Graus
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simao Coelho
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan V. Farrell
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Medical Sciences, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Coelho S, Baek J, Gooding JJ, Gaus K. Building a Total Internal Reflection Microscope (TIRF) with Active Stabilization (Feedback SMLM). Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4074. [PMID: 34327271 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The data quality of high-resolution imaging can be markedly improved with active stabilization, which is based on feedback loops within the microscope that maintain the sample in the same location throughout the experiment. The purpose is to provide a highly accurate focus lock, therefore eliminating drift and improving localization precision. Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for building a total internal reflection microscope combined with the feedback loops necessary for sample and detection stabilization, which we routinely use in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). The performance of the final microscope with feedback loops, called feedback SMLM, has previously been described. We demonstrate how to build a replica of our system and include a list of the necessary optical components, tips, and an alignment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simao Coelho
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Jongho Baek
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre of NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Zareie P, Szeto C, Farenc C, Gunasinghe SD, Kolawole EM, Nguyen A, Blyth C, Sng XYX, Li J, Jones CM, Fulcher AJ, Jacobs JR, Wei Q, Wojciech L, Petersen J, Gascoigne NRJ, Evavold BD, Gaus K, Gras S, Rossjohn J, La Gruta NL. Canonical T cell receptor docking on peptide-MHC is essential for T cell signaling. Science 2021; 372:372/6546/eabe9124. [PMID: 34083463 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) is characterized by a highly conserved docking polarity. Whether this polarity is driven by recognition or signaling constraints remains unclear. Using "reversed-docking" TCRβ-variable (TRBV) 17+ TCRs from the naïve mouse CD8+ T cell repertoire that recognizes the H-2Db-NP366 epitope, we demonstrate that their inability to support T cell activation and in vivo recruitment is a direct consequence of reversed docking polarity and not TCR-pMHCI binding or clustering characteristics. Canonical TCR-pMHCI docking optimally localizes CD8/Lck to the CD3 complex, which is prevented by reversed TCR-pMHCI polarity. The requirement for canonical docking was circumvented by dissociating Lck from CD8. Thus, the consensus TCR-pMHC docking topology is mandated by T cell signaling constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirooz Zareie
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carine Farenc
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Kolawole
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantelle Blyth
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Y X Sng
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmine Li
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claerwen M Jones
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesica R Jacobs
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Qianru Wei
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katharina Gaus
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Laxman P, Ansari S, Gaus K, Goyette J. The Benefits of Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation as Protein Labels for Single Molecule Localization Microscopy. Front Chem 2021; 9:641355. [PMID: 33842432 PMCID: PMC8027105 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.641355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) is an imaging method that allows for the visualization of structures smaller than the diffraction limit of light (~200 nm). This is achieved through techniques such as stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM). A large part of obtaining ideal imaging of single molecules is the choice of the right fluorescent label. An upcoming field of protein labeling is incorporating unnatural amino acids (UAAs) with an attached fluorescent dye for precise localization and visualization of individual molecules. For this technique, fluorescent probes are conjugated to UAAs and are introduced into the protein of interest (POI) as a label. Here we contrast this labeling method with other commonly used protein-based labeling methods such as fluorescent proteins (FPs) or self-labeling tags such as Halotag, SNAP-tags, and CLIP-tags, and highlight the benefits and shortcomings of the site-specific incorporation of UAAs coupled with fluorescent dyes in SMLM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesse Goyette
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind T cell dysfunctions during chronic diseases is critical in developing effective immunotherapies. As demonstrated by several animal models and human studies, T cell dysfunctions are induced during chronic diseases, spanning from infections to cancer. Although factors governing the onset and the extent of the functional impairment of T cells can differ during infections and cancer, most dysfunctional phenotypes share common phenotypic traits in their immune receptor and biophysical landscape. Through the latest developments in biophysical techniques applied to explore cell membrane and receptor-ligand dynamics, we are able to dissect and gain further insights into the driving mechanisms behind T cell dysfunctions. These insights may prove useful in developing immunotherapies aimed at reinvigorating our immune system to fight off infections and malignancies more effectively. The recent success with checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer opens new avenues to develop more effective, targeted immunotherapies. Here, we highlight the studies focused on the transformation of the biophysical landscape during infections and cancer, and how T cell biomechanics shaped the immunopathology associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Newton G Peres
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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York HM, Patil A, Moorthi UK, Kaur A, Bhowmik A, Hyde GJ, Gandhi H, Fulcher A, Gaus K, Arumugam S. Rapid whole cell imaging reveals a calcium-APPL1-dynein nexus that regulates cohort trafficking of stimulated EGF receptors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:224. [PMID: 33597720 PMCID: PMC7889693 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal system provides rich signal processing capabilities for responses elicited by growth factor receptors and their ligands. At the single cell level, endosomal trafficking becomes a critical component of signal processing, as exemplified by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Activated EGFRs are trafficked to the phosphatase-enriched peri-nuclear region (PNR), where they are dephosphorylated and degraded. The details of the mechanisms that govern the movements of stimulated EGFRs towards the PNR, are not completely known. Here, exploiting the advantages of lattice light-sheet microscopy, we show that EGFR activation by EGF triggers a transient calcium increase causing a whole-cell level redistribution of Adaptor Protein, Phosphotyrosine Interacting with PH Domain And Leucine Zipper 1 (APPL1) from pre-existing endosomes within one minute, the rebinding of liberated APPL1 directly to EGFR, and the dynein-dependent translocation of APPL1-EGF-bearing endosomes to the PNR within ten minutes. The cell spanning, fast acting network that we reveal integrates a cascade of events dedicated to the cohort movement of activated EGF receptors. Our findings support the intriguing proposal that certain endosomal pathways have shed some of the stochastic strategies of traditional trafficking and have evolved processes that provide the temporal predictability that typify canonical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. York
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Patil
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - U. K. Moorthi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Kaur
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Bhowmik
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - H. Gandhi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Fulcher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Micro Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - K. Gaus
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Arumugam
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Wang W, Ma Y, Bonaccorsi S, Cong VT, Pandžić E, Yang Z, Goyette J, Lisi F, Tilley RD, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Investigating Spatial Heterogeneity of Nanoparticles Movement in Live Cells with Pair-Correlation Microscopy and Phasor Analysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3803-3812. [PMID: 33590750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
How nanoparticles distribute in living cells and overcome cellular barriers are important criteria in the design of drug carriers. Pair-correlation microscopy is a correlation analysis of fluctuation in the fluorescence intensity obtained by a confocal line scan that can quantify the dynamic properties of nanoparticle diffusion including the number of mobile nanoparticles, diffusion coefficient, and transit time across a spatial distance. Due to the potential heterogeneities in nanoparticle properties and the complexity within the cellular environment, quantification of averaged auto- and pair-correlation profiles may obscure important insights into the ability of nanoparticles to deliver drugs. To overcome this issue, we used phasor analysis to develop a data standardizing method, which can segment the scanned line into several subregions according to diffusion and address the spatial heterogeneity of nanoparticles moving inside cells. The phasor analysis is a fit-free method that represents autocorrelation profiles for each pixel relative to free diffusion on the so-called phasor plots. Phasor plots can then be used to select subpopulations for which the auto- and pair-correlation analysis can be performed separately. We demonstrate the phasor analysis for pair-correlation microscopy for investigating 16 nm, Cy5-labeled silica nanoparticles diffusing across the plasma membrane and green fluorescent proteins (GFP) diffusing across nuclear envelope in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Simone Bonaccorsi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Vu Thanh Cong
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Fabio Lisi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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19
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Yang Y, Mansfeld FM, Kavallaris M, Gaus K, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Monitoring the heterogeneity in single cell responses to drugs using electrochemical impedance and electrochemical noise. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2558-2566. [PMID: 34164023 PMCID: PMC8179273 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy is a widely used technique for monitoring cell-surface interactions and morphological changes, typically based on averaged signals from thousands of cells. However, acquiring impedance data at the single cell level, can potentially reveal cell-to-cell heterogeneity for example in response to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin. Here, we present a generic platform where light is used to define and localize the electroactive area, thus enabling the impedance measurements for selected single cells. We firstly tested the platform to assess phenotypic changes in breast cancer cells, at the single cell level, using the change in the cell impedance. We next show that changes in electrochemical noise reflects instantaneous responses of the cells to drugs, prior to any phenotypical changes. We used doxorubicin and monensin as model drugs and found that both drug influx and efflux events affect the impedance noise signals. Finally, we show how the electrochemical noise signal can be combined with fluorescence microscopy, to show that the noise provides information on cell susceptibility and resistance to drugs at the single cell level. Together the combination of electrochemical impedance and electrochemical noise with fluorescence microscopy provides a unique approach to understanding the heterogeneity in the response of single cells to stimuli where there is not phenotypic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Friederike M Mansfeld
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Melbourne VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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20
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Alvarez-Guaita A, Blanco-Muñoz P, Meneses-Salas E, Wahba M, Pollock AH, Jose J, Casado M, Bosch M, Artuch R, Gaus K, Lu A, Pol A, Tebar F, Moss SE, Grewal T, Enrich C, Rentero C. Annexin A6 Is Critical to Maintain Glucose Homeostasis and Survival During Liver Regeneration in Mice. Hepatology 2020; 72:2149-2164. [PMID: 32170749 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver regeneration requires the organized and sequential activation of events that lead to restoration of hepatic mass. During this process, other vital liver functions need to be preserved, such as maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis, balancing the degradation of hepatic glycogen stores, and gluconeogenesis (GNG). Under metabolic stress, alanine is the main hepatic gluconeogenic substrate, and its availability is the rate-limiting step in this pathway. Na+ -coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs) 2 and 4 are believed to facilitate hepatic alanine uptake. In previous studies, we demonstrated that a member of the Ca2+ -dependent phospholipid binding annexins, Annexin A6 (AnxA6), regulates membrane trafficking along endo- and exocytic pathways. Yet, although AnxA6 is abundantly expressed in the liver, its function in hepatic physiology remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of AnxA6 in liver regeneration. APPROACH AND RESULTS Utilizing AnxA6 knockout mice (AnxA6-/- ), we challenged liver function after partial hepatectomy (PHx), inducing acute proliferative and metabolic stress. Biochemical and immunofluorescent approaches were used to dissect AnxA6-/- mice liver proliferation and energetic metabolism. Most strikingly, AnxA6-/- mice exhibited low survival after PHx. This was associated with an irreversible and progressive drop of blood glucose levels. Whereas exogenous glucose administration or restoration of hepatic AnxA6 expression rescued AnxA6-/- mice survival after PHx, the sustained hypoglycemia in partially hepatectomized AnxA6-/- mice was the consequence of an impaired alanine-dependent GNG in AnxA6-/- hepatocytes. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic SNAT4 failed to recycle to the sinusoidal plasma membrane of AnxA6-/- hepatocytes 48 hours after PHx, impairing alanine uptake and, consequently, glucose production. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the lack of AnxA6 compromises alanine-dependent GNG and liver regeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Currently at Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Blanco-Muñoz
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abigail H Pollock
- Center for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mercedes Casado
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Center for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Albert Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Albert Pol
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Sreenivasan VKA, Graus MS, Pillai RR, Yang Z, Goyette J, Gaus K. Influence of FRET and fluorescent protein maturation on the quantification of binding affinity with dual-channel fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:6137-6153. [PMID: 33282480 PMCID: PMC7687962 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions at the plasma membrane mediate transmembrane signaling. Dual-channel fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (dc-FCCS) is a method with which these interactions can be quantified in a cellular context. However, factors such as incomplete maturation of fluorescent proteins, spectral crosstalk, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) affect quantification. Some of these can be corrected or accounted for during data analysis and/or interpretation. Here, we experimentally and analytically demonstrate that it is difficult to correct the error caused due to FRET when applying dc-FCCS to measure binding affinity or bound molecular concentrations. Additionally, the presence of dark fluorescent proteins due to incomplete maturation introduces further errors, which too cannot be corrected in the presence of FRET. Based on simulations, we find that modalities such as pulse-interleaved excitation FCCS do not eliminate FRET-induced errors. Finally, we demonstrate that the detrimental effect of FRET can be eliminated with careful experimental design when applying dc-FCCS to quantify protein-protein interactions at the plasma membrane of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun K A Sreenivasan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew S Graus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Rashmi R Pillai
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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22
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Zhang C, Moonshi SS, Wang W, Ta HT, Han Y, Han FY, Peng H, Král P, Rolfe BE, Gooding JJ, Gaus K, Whittaker AK. Correction to High F-Content Perfluoropolyether-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Detection of Breast Cancer by 19F Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging. ACS Nano 2020; 14:14245-14246. [PMID: 32945660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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23
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Xu T, Lim YJ, Zheng Y, Jung M, Gaus K, Gardiner EE, Lee WM. Modified inverted selective plane illumination microscopy for sub-micrometer imaging resolution in polydimethylsiloxane soft lithography devices. Lab Chip 2020; 20:3960-3969. [PMID: 32940306 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Moldable, transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer microdevices enable a broad range of complex studies of three-dimensional cellular networks in their microenvironment in vitro. However, the uneven distribution of refractive index change, external to PDMS devices and internally in the sample chamber, creates a significant optical path difference (OPD) that distorts the light sheet beam and so restricts diffraction limited performance. We experimentally showed that an OPD of 120 μm results in the broadening of the lateral point spread function by over 4-fold. In this paper, we demonstrate steps to adapt a commercial inverted selective plane illumination microscope (iSPIM) and remove the OPD so as to achieve sub-micrometer imaging ranging from 0.6 ± 0.04 μm to 0.91 ± 0.03 μm of a fluorescence biological sample suspended in regular saline (RI ≈1.34) enclosed in 1.2 to 2 mm thick micromolded PDMS microdevices. We have proven that the removal of the OPD from the external PDMS layer by refractive index (RI) matching with a readily accessible, inexpensive sucrose solution is critical to achieve a >3-fold imaging resolution improvement. To monitor the RI matching process, a single-mode fiber (SMF) illuminator was integrated into the iSPIM. To remove the OPD inside the PDMS channel, we used an electrically tunable lens (ETL) that par-focuses the light sheet beam with the detection objective lens and so minimised axial distortions to attain sub-micrometer imaging resolution. We termed this new light sheet imaging protocol as modified inverted selective plane illumination microscopy (m-iSPIM). Using the high spatial-temporal 3D imaging of m-iSPIM, we experimentally captured single platelet (≈2 μm) recruitment to a platelet aggregate (22.5 μm × 22.5 μm × 6 μm) under flow at a 150 μm depth within a microfluidic channel. m-iSPIM paves the way for the application of light sheet imaging to a wide range of 3D biological models in microfluidic devices which recapitulate features of the physiological microenvironment and elucidate subcellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Xu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Yean Jin Lim
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. and ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - MoonSun Jung
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. and ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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24
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Utama RH, Atapattu L, O'Mahony AP, Fife CM, Baek J, Allard T, O'Mahony KJ, Ribeiro JCC, Gaus K, Kavallaris M, Gooding JJ. A 3D Bioprinter Specifically Designed for the High-Throughput Production of Matrix-Embedded Multicellular Spheroids. iScience 2020; 23:101621. [PMID: 33089109 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3D in vitro cancer models are important therapeutic and biological discovery tools, yet formation of matrix-embedded multicellular spheroids prepared in high-throughput (HTP), and in a highly controlled manner, remains challenging. This is important to achieve robust and statistically relevant data. Here, we developed an enabling technology consisting of a bespoke drop-on-demand 3D bioprinter capable of HTP printing of 96-well plates of spheroids. 3D multicellular spheroids are embedded inside a hydrogel matrix with precise control over size and cell number, with the intra-experiment variability of embedded spheroid diameter coefficient of variation being between 4.2% and 8.7%. Application of 3D bioprinting HTP drug screening was demonstrated with doxorubicin. Measurements of IC50 values showed sensitivity to spheroid size, embedding, and how spheroids conform to the embedding, revealing parameters shaping biological responses in these models. Our study demonstrates the potential of 3D bioprinting as a robust HTP platform to screen biological and therapeutic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Utama
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lakmali Atapattu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Christopher M Fife
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jongho Baek
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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25
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Farrell MV, Webster S, Gaus K, Goyette J. T Cell Membrane Heterogeneity Aids Antigen Recognition and T Cell Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609. [PMID: 32850786 PMCID: PMC7399036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critical for co-ordinating the immune response. T cells are activated when their surface T cell receptors (TCRs) engage cognate antigens in the form of peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Large changes in the contact interface between T cells and APCs occur over the course of tens of minutes from the initial contact to the formation of a large-scale junction between the two cells. The mature junction between a T cell and APC is known as the immunological synapse, and this specialized plasma membrane structure is the major platform for TCR signaling. It has long been known that the complex organization of signaling molecules at the synapse is critical for appropriate activation of T cells, but within the last decade advances in microscopy have opened up investigation into the dynamics of T cell surface topology in the immune synapse. From mechanisms mediating the initial contact between T cells and APCs to roles in the organization of molecules in the mature synapse, these studies have made it increasingly clear that local membrane topology has a large impact on signaling processes. This review focuses on the functional consequences of the T cells' highly dynamic and heterogeneous membrane, in particular, how membrane topology leads to the reorganization of membrane proteins on the T cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan V Farrell
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Webster
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Lee J, Molley TG, Seward CH, Abdeen AA, Zhang H, Wang X, Gandhi H, Yang JL, Gaus K, Kilian KA. Geometric regulation of histone state directs melanoma reprogramming. Commun Biol 2020; 3:341. [PMID: 32620903 PMCID: PMC7334222 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma displays a high degree of cellular plasticity during disease progression. Signals in the tumor microenvironment are believed to influence melanoma plasticity through changes in the epigenetic state to guide dynamic differentiation and de-differentiation. Here we uncover a relationship between geometric features at perimeter regions of melanoma aggregates, and reprogramming to a stem cell-like state through histone marks H3K4Me2 and H3K9Ac. Using an in vitro tumor microengineering approach, we find spatial enrichment of these histone modifications with concurrent expression of stemness markers. The epigenetic modifier PRDM14 overlaps with H3K9Ac and shows elevated expression in cells along regions of perimeter curvature. siRNA knockdown of PRDM14 abolishes the MIC phenotype suggesting a role in regulating melanoma heterogeneity. Our results suggest mechanotransduction at the periphery of melanoma aggregates may orchestrate the activity of epigenetic modifiers to regulate histone state, cellular plasticity, and tumorigenicity. Junmin Lee et al. study the role of geometric features at the perimeter regions of melanoma aggregates in programming stem cell-like state through histone marks. They use a tumor microengineering approach in vitro and report a spatial enrichment of histone modifications with stemness markers. Their work uncovers a mechanotransduction signaling that regulates epigenetic modifiers to regulate tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Thomas G Molley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher H Seward
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hetvi Gandhi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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27
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Zhang C, Liu T, Wang W, Bell CA, Han Y, Fu C, Peng H, Tan X, Král P, Gaus K, Gooding JJ, Whittaker AK. Tuning of the Aggregation Behavior of Fluorinated Polymeric Nanoparticles for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS Nano 2020; 14:7425-7434. [PMID: 32401485 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of fluorinated moieties in polymeric nanoparticles has been shown in many instances to increase their uptake by living cells and, hence, has proven to be a useful approach to enhancing delivery to cells. However, it remains unclear how incorporation of fluorine affects critical transport processes, such as interactions with membranes, intracellular transport, and tumor penetration. In this study, we investigate the influence of fluorine on transport properties using a series of rationally designed poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate)-block-perfluoropolyether (poly(OEGA)m-PFPE) copolymers. Copolymers with different fluorine contents were prepared and exhibit aggregate in solution in a manner dependent on the fluorine content. Doxorubicin-conjugated poly(OEGA)20-PFPE nanoparticles with lower fluorine content exist in solution as unimers, leading to greater exposure of hydrophobic PFPE segments to the cell surface. This, in turn, results in greater cellular uptake, deeper tumor penetration, as well as enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to that with the micelle-state nanoaggregates (poly(OEGA)10-PFPE and poly(OEGA)5-PFPE) with higher fluorine content but with less PFPE exposed to the cell membranes. Our results demonstrate that the aggregation behavior of these fluorinated polymers plays a critical role in internalization and transport in living cells and 3D spheroids, providing important design criteria for the preparation of highly effective delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tianqing Liu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Petr Král
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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28
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Ma Y, Lim YJ, Benda A, Lou J, Goyette J, Gaus K. Clustering of the ζ-Chain Can Initiate T Cell Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103498. [PMID: 32429097 PMCID: PMC7279048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is initiated when ligand binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers intracellular phosphorylation of the TCR-CD3 complex. However, it remains unknown how biophysical properties of TCR engagement result in biochemical phosphorylation events. Here, we constructed an optogenetic tool that induces spatial clustering of ζ-chain in a light controlled manner. We showed that spatial clustering of the ζ-chain intracellular tail alone was sufficient to initialize T cell triggering including phosphorylation of ζ-chain, Zap70, PLCγ, ERK and initiated Ca2+ flux. In reconstituted COS-7 cells, only Lck expression was required to initiate ζ-chain phosphorylation upon ζ-chain clustering, which leads to the recruitment of tandem SH2 domain of Zap70 from cell cytosol to the newly formed ζ-chain clusters at the plasma membrane. Taken together, our data demonstrated the biophysical relevance of receptor clustering in TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia; (J.L.); (J.G.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Yean J. Lim
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, 2601 Canberra, Australia;
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Aleš Benda
- IMCF at BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia; (J.L.); (J.G.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia; (J.L.); (J.G.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia; (J.L.); (J.G.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.G.)
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Chabaud M, Paillon N, Gaus K, Hivroz C. Mechanobiology of antigen‐induced T cell arrest. Biol Cell 2020; 112:196-212. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chabaud
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Noémie Paillon
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
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30
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Coelho S, Baek J, Graus MS, Halstead JM, Nicovich PR, Feher K, Gandhi H, Gooding JJ, Gaus K. Ultraprecise single-molecule localization microscopy enables in situ distance measurements in intact cells. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay8271. [PMID: 32494604 PMCID: PMC7164934 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has the potential to quantify the diversity in spatial arrangements of molecules in intact cells. However, this requires that the single-molecule emitters are localized with ultrahigh precision irrespective of the sample format and the length of the data acquisition. We advance SMLM to enable direct distance measurements between molecules in intact cells on the scale between 1 and 20 nm. Our actively stabilized microscope combines three-dimensional real-time drift corrections and achieves a stabilization of <1 nm and localization precision of ~1 nm. To demonstrate the biological applicability of the new microscope, we show a 4- to 7-nm difference in spatial separations between signaling T cell receptors and phosphatases (CD45) in active and resting T cells. In summary, by overcoming the major bottlenecks in SMLM imaging, it is possible to generate molecular images with nanometer accuracy and conduct distance measurements on the biological relevant length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simao Coelho
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jongho Baek
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew S. Graus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James M. Halstead
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kristen Feher
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hetvi Gandhi
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Hilzenrat G, Pandžić E, Yang Z, Nieves DJ, Goyette J, Rossy J, Ma Y, Gaus K. Conformational States Control Lck Switching between Free and Confined Diffusion Modes in T Cells. Biophys J 2020; 118:1489-1501. [PMID: 32097620 PMCID: PMC7091564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor phosphorylation by Lck is an essential step in T cell activation. It is known that the conformational states of Lck control enzymatic activity; however, the underlying principles of how Lck finds its substrate over the plasma membrane remain elusive. Here, single-particle tracking is paired with photoactivatable localization microscopy to observe the diffusive modes of Lck in the plasma membrane. Individual Lck molecules switched between free and confined diffusion in both resting and stimulated T cells. Lck mutants locked in the open conformation were more confined than Lck mutants in the closed conformation. Further confinement of kinase-dead versions of Lck suggests that Lck confinement was not caused by phosphorylated substrates. Our data support a model in which confined diffusion of open Lck results in high local phosphorylation rates, and inactive, closed Lck diffuses freely to enable long-range distribution over the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geva Hilzenrat
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- BioMedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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32
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Kim J, Park BW, Baek J, Yun JS, Kwon HW, Seidel J, Min H, Coelho S, Lim S, Huang S, Gaus K, Green MA, Shin TJ, Ho-Baillie AWY, Kim MG, Seok SI. Unveiling the Relationship between the Perovskite Precursor Solution and the Resulting Device Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6251-6260. [PMID: 32129999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
For the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using a solution process, it is essential to understand the characteristics of the perovskite precursor solution to achieve high performance and reproducibility. The colloids (iodoplumbates) in the perovskite precursors under various conditions were investigated by UV-visible absorption, dynamic light scattering, photoluminescence, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy techniques. Their local structure was examined by in situ X-ray absorption fine structure studies. Perovskite thin films on a substrate with precursor solutions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, space-charge-limited current, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The colloidal properties of the perovskite precursor solutions were found to be directly correlated with the defect concentration and crystallinity of the perovskite film. This work provides guidelines for controlling perovskite films by varying the precursor solution, making it possible to use colloid-engineered lead halide perovskite layers to fabricate efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheol Kim
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,New & Renewable Energy Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Baek
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jae Sung Yun
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hyoung-Woo Kwon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Hanul Min
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Simao Coelho
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sean Lim
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin A Green
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Anita W Y Ho-Baillie
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Seok
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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33
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Li Y, Lim YJ, Xu Q, Beattie L, Gardiner EE, Gaus K, Heath WR, Lee WM. Raster adaptive optics for video rate aberration correction and large FOV multiphoton imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:1032-1042. [PMID: 32206400 PMCID: PMC7041464 DOI: 10.1364/boe.377044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Removal of complex aberrations at millisecond time scales over millimeters in distance in multiphoton laser scanning microscopy limits the total spatiotemporal imaging throughput for deep tissue imaging. Using a single low resolution deformable mirror and time multiplexing (TM) adaptive optics, we demonstrate video rate aberration correction (5 ms update rate for a single wavefront mask) for a complex heterogeneous distribution of refractive index differences through a depth of up to 1.1 mm and an extended imaging FOV of up to 0.8 mm, with up to 167% recovery of fluorescence intensity 335 µm from the center of the FOV. The proposed approach, termed raster adaptive optics (RAO), integrates image-based aberration retrieval and video rate removal of arbitrarily defined regions of dominant, spatially varied wavefronts. The extended FOV was achieved by demonstrating rapid recovery of up to 50 distinct wavefront masks at 500 ms update rates that increased imaging throughput by 2.3-fold. Because RAO only requires a single deformable mirror with image-based aberration retrieval, it can be directly implemented on a standard laser scanning multiphoton microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiao Li
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yean J. Lim
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Qiongkai Xu
- Research School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
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34
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Brown JWP, Bauer A, Polinkovsky ME, Bhumkar A, Hunter DJB, Gaus K, Sierecki E, Gambin Y. Single-molecule detection on a portable 3D-printed microscope. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5662. [PMID: 31827096 PMCID: PMC6906517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule assays have, by definition, the ultimate sensitivity and represent the next frontier in biological analysis and diagnostics. However, many of these powerful technologies require dedicated laboratories and trained personnel and have therefore remained research tools for specialists. Here, we present a single-molecule confocal system built from a 3D-printed scaffold, resulting in a compact, plug and play device called the AttoBright. This device performs single photon counting and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in a simple format and is widely applicable to the detection of single fluorophores, proteins, liposomes or bacteria. The power of single-molecule detection is demonstrated by detecting single α-synuclein amyloid fibrils, that are currently evaluated as biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease, with an improved sensitivity of >100,000-fold over bulk measurements. Single-molecule in vitro assays require dedicated confocal microscopes equipped with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) modules. Here the authors present a compact, cheap and open-source 3D-printed confocal microscope for single photon counting and FCS measurements, and use it to detect α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W P Brown
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Arnaud Bauer
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark E Polinkovsky
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Akshay Bhumkar
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominic J B Hunter
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Sierecki
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yann Gambin
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia.
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35
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Nieves DJ, Hilzenrat G, Tran J, Yang Z, MacRae HH, Baker MAB, Gooding JJ, Gaus K. tagPAINT: covalent labelling of genetically encoded protein tags for DNA-PAINT imaging. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191268. [PMID: 31903209 PMCID: PMC6936279 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, DNA-PAINT single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has shown great promise for quantitative imaging; however, labelling strategies thus far have relied on multivalent and affinity-based approaches. Here, the covalent labelling of expressed protein tags (SNAP tag and Halo tag) with single DNA-docking strands and application of SMLM via DNA-PAINT is demonstrated. tagPAINT is then used for T-cell receptor signalling proteins at the immune synapse as a proof of principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Nieves
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Authors for correspondence: Daniel J. Nieves e-mail:
| | - Geva Hilzenrat
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason Tran
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hugh H. MacRae
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew A. B. Baker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Authors for correspondence: Katharina Gaus e-mail:
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36
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Gilson RC, Gunasinghe SD, Johannes L, Gaus K. Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101010. [PMID: 31682868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plasma membrane of T cells alters membrane organization and the formation of an immunological synapse. Its multivalent capacity allows Gal3 to interact specifically with different membrane proteins and lipids, influencing endocytosis, trafficking and T cell receptor signalling. The ability of Gal3 to inhibit T cell responses may provide a mechanism by which Gal3 aids in cancer progression. In this review, we seek to give an overview of the mechanisms by which Gal3 alters the spatial organization of cell membranes and how these processes impact on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666, CNRS, U1143, INSERM, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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37
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Bryce NS, Failes TW, Stehn JR, Baker K, Zahler S, Arzhaeva Y, Bischof L, Lyons C, Dedova I, Arndt GM, Gaus K, Goult BT, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Lock JG. High-Content Imaging of Unbiased Chemical Perturbations Reveals that the Phenotypic Plasticity of the Actin Cytoskeleton Is Constrained. Cell Syst 2019; 9:496-507.e5. [PMID: 31606369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although F-actin has a large number of binding partners and regulators, the number of phenotypic states available to the actin cytoskeleton is unknown. Here, we quantified 74 features defining filamentous actin (F-actin) and cellular morphology in >25 million cells after treatment with a library of 114,400 structurally diverse compounds. After reducing the dimensionality of these data, only ∼25 recurrent F-actin phenotypes emerged, each defined by distinct quantitative features that could be machine learned. We identified 2,003 unknown compounds as inducers of actin-related phenotypes, including two that directly bind the focal adhesion protein, talin. Moreover, we observed that compounds with distinct molecular mechanisms could induce equivalent phenotypes and that initially divergent cellular responses could converge over time. These findings suggest a conceptual parallel between the actin cytoskeleton and gene regulatory networks, where the theoretical plasticity of interactions is nearly infinite, yet phenotypes in vivo are constrained into a limited subset of practicable configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Bryce
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yulia Arzhaeva
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, CSIRO Data 61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne Bischof
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, CSIRO Data 61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Ciaran Lyons
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Irina Dedova
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John G Lock
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Nicovich PR, Kwiatek JM, Ma Y, Benda A, Gaus K. FSCS Reveals the Complexity of Lipid Domain Dynamics in the Plasma Membrane of Live Cells. Biophys J 2019; 114:2855-2864. [PMID: 29925022 PMCID: PMC6026469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of lipid domains with different degrees of lipid packing in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells has been postulated, but direct evidence has so far been challenging to obtain because of the small size and short lifetime of these domains in live cells. Here, we use fluorescence spectral correlation spectroscopy in conjunction with a probe sensitive to the membrane environment to quantify spectral fluctuations associated with dynamics of membrane domains in live cells. With this method, we show that membrane domains are present in live COS-7 cells and have a lifetime lower bound of 5.90 and 14.69 ms for the ordered and disordered phases, respectively. Comparisons to simulations indicate that the underlying mechanism of these fluctuations is complex but qualitatively described by a combination of dye diffusion between membrane domains as well as the motion of domains within the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Joanna M Kwiatek
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleš Benda
- Imaging Methods Core Facility at BIOCEV, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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39
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Fan S, Webb JEA, Yang Y, Nieves DJ, Gonçales VR, Tran J, Hilzenrat G, Kahram M, Tilley RD, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Observing the Reversible Single Molecule Electrochemistry of Alexa Fluor 647 Dyes by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14495-14498. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Fan
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - James E. A. Webb
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Daniel J. Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Vinicius R. Gonçales
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jason Tran
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Geva Hilzenrat
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mohaddeseh Kahram
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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40
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Fan S, Webb JEA, Yang Y, Nieves DJ, Gonçales VR, Tran J, Hilzenrat G, Kahram M, Tilley RD, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Observing the Reversible Single Molecule Electrochemistry of Alexa Fluor 647 Dyes by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Fan
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - James E. A. Webb
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Daniel J. Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Vinicius R. Gonçales
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jason Tran
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Geva Hilzenrat
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mohaddeseh Kahram
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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41
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Baker MAB, Nieves DJ, Hilzenrat G, Berengut JF, Gaus K, Lee LK. Stoichiometric quantification of spatially dense assemblies with qPAINT. Nanoscale 2019; 11:12460-12464. [PMID: 31120079 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative PAINT (qPAINT) is a useful method for counting well-separated molecules within nanoscale assemblies. But whether cross-reactivity in densely-packed arrangements perturbs measurements is unknown. Here we establish that qPAINT measurements are robust even when target molecules are separated by as little as 3 nm, sufficiently close that single-stranded DNA binding sites can interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A B Baker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Geva Hilzenrat
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jonathan F Berengut
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Lawrence K Lee
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. and Structural and Computational Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Chuah K, Wu Y, Vivekchand SRC, Gaus K, Reece PJ, Micolich AP, Gooding JJ. Nanopore blockade sensors for ultrasensitive detection of proteins in complex biological samples. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2109. [PMID: 31068594 PMCID: PMC6506515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanopore sensors detect individual species passing through a nanoscale pore. This experimental paradigm suffers from long analysis times at low analyte concentration and non-specific signals in complex media. These limit effectiveness of nanopore sensors for quantitative analysis. Here, we address these challenges using antibody-modified magnetic nanoparticles ((anti-PSA)-MNPs) that diffuse at zero magnetic field to capture the analyte, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The (anti-PSA)-MNPs are magnetically driven to block an array of nanopores rather than translocate through the nanopore. Specificity is obtained by modifying nanopores with anti-PSA antibodies such that PSA molecules captured by (anti-PSA)-MNPs form an immunosandwich in the nanopore. Reversing the magnetic field removes (anti-PSA)-MNPs that have not captured PSA, limiting non-specific effects. The combined features allow detecting PSA in whole blood with a 0.8 fM detection limit. Our ‘magnetic nanoparticle, nanopore blockade’ concept points towards a strategy to improving nanopore biosensors for quantitative analysis of various protein and nucleic acid species. Nanopore sensors have long analysis times when analytes are at low concentration and non-specific signals in complex media. Here the authors use antibody-modified magnetic nanoparticles to detect prostate-specific antigen at sub-femtomolar concentrations in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyloon Chuah
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - S R C Vivekchand
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J Reece
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adam P Micolich
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The essential function of the T cell receptor (TCR) is to translate the engagement of peptides on the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) into appropriate intracellular signals through the associated cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) complex. The spatial organization of the TCR–CD3 complex in the membrane is thought to be a key regulatory element of signal transduction, raising the question of how receptor clustering impacts on TCR triggering. How signal transduction at the TCR–CD3 complex encodes the quality and quantity of pMHC molecules is not fully understood. This question can be approached by reconstituting T cell signaling in model and cell membranes and addressed by single-molecule imaging of endogenous proteins in T cells. We highlight such methods and further discuss how TCR clustering could affect pMHC rebinding rates, the local balance between kinase and phosphatase activity and/or the lipid environment to regulate the signal efficiency of the TCR–CD3 complex. We also examine whether clustering could affect the conformation of cytoplasmic CD3 tails through a biophysical mechanism. Taken together, we highlight how the spatial organization of the TCR–CD3 complex – addressed by reconstitution approaches – has emerged as a key regulatory element in signal transduction of this archetypal immune receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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44
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Zhang C, Moonshi SS, Wang W, Ta HT, Han Y, Han FY, Peng H, Král P, Rolfe BE, Gooding JJ, Gaus K, Whittaker AK. High F-Content Perfluoropolyether-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Detection of Breast Cancer by 19F Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging. ACS Nano 2018; 12:9162-9176. [PMID: 30118590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two important challenges in the field of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the maintenance of high fluorine content without compromising imaging performance, and effective targeting of small particles to diseased tissue. To address these challenges, we have developed a series of perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based hyperbranched (HBPFPE) nanoparticles with attached peptide aptamer as targeting ligands for specific in vivo detection of breast cancer with high 19F MRI sensitivity. A detailed comparison of the HBPFPE nanoparticles (NPs) with the previously reported trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA)-based polymers demonstrates that the mobility of fluorinated segments of the HBPFPE nanoparticles is significantly enhanced (19F T2 > 80 ms vs 31 ms), resulting in superior MR imaging sensitivity. Selective targeting was confirmed by auto- and pair correlation analysis of fluorescence microscopy data, in vitro immunofluorescence, in vivo 19F MRI, ex vivo fluorescence and 19F NMR. The results highlight the high efficiency of aptamers for targeting and the excellent sensitivity of the PFPE moieties for 19F MRI. Of relevance to in vivo applications, the PFPE-based polymers exhibit much faster clearance from the body than the previously introduced perfluorocarbon emulsions ( t1/2 ∼ 20 h vs up to months). Moreover, the aptamer-conjugated NPs show significantly higher tumor-penetration, demonstrating the potential of these imaging agents for therapeutic applications. This report of the synthesis of polymeric aptamer-conjugated PFPE-based 19F MRI CAs with high fluorine content (∼10 wt %) demonstrates that these NPs are exciting candidates for detecting diseases with high imaging sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Felicity Y Han
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Qld 4072 , Australia
| | | | - Petr Král
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interest in mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery has resulted in a good understanding of the impact of size and surface chemistry of these nanoparticles on their performance as drug carriers. Shape has emerged as an additional factor that can have a significant effect on delivery efficacy. Rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles show improvements in drug delivery relative to spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles. AREAS COVERED This review summarises the synthesis methods for producing rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for use in nanomedicine. The second part covers recent progress of mesoporous silica nanorods by comparing the impact of sphere and rod-shape on drug delivery efficiency. EXPERT OPINION As hollow mesoporous silica nanorods are capable of higher drug loads than most other drug delivery vehicles, such particles will reduce the amount of mesoporous silica in the body for efficient therapy. However, the importance of nanoparticle shape on drug delivery efficiency is not well understood for mesoporous silica. Studies that visualize and quantify the uptake pathway of mesoporous silica nanorods in specific cell types and compare the cellular uptake to the well-studied nanospheres should be the focus of research to better understand the role of shape in uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thanh Cong
- a School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- b EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- a School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- a School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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46
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Ma Y, Benda A, Kwiatek J, Owen DM, Gaus K. Time-Resolved Laurdan Fluorescence Reveals Insights into Membrane Viscosity and Hydration Levels. Biophys J 2018; 115:1498-1508. [PMID: 30269886 PMCID: PMC6257870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane viscosity and hydration levels characterize the biophysical properties of biological membranes and are reflected in the rate and extent of solvent relaxation, respectively, of environmentally sensitive fluorophores such as Laurdan. Here, we first developed a method for a time-resolved general polarization (GP) analysis with fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy that captures both the extent and rate of Laurdan solvent relaxation. We then conducted time-resolved GP measurements with Laurdan-stained model membranes and cell membranes. These measurements revealed that cholesterol levels in lipid vesicles altered membrane hydration and viscosity, whereas curvature had little effect on either parameter. We also applied the method to the plasma membrane of live cells using a supercritical angle fluorescence objective, to our knowledge the first time fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy images were generated with supercritical angle fluorescence. Here, we found that local variations in membrane cholesterol most likely account for the heterogeneity of Laurdan lifetime in plasma membrane. In conclusion, time-resolved GP measurements provide additional insights into the biophysical properties of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleš Benda
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna Kwiatek
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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47
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Zhao M, Nicovich PR, Janco M, Deng Q, Yang Z, Ma Y, Böcking T, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Ultralow- and Low-Background Surfaces for Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy of Multistep Biointerfaces for Single-Molecule Sensing. Langmuir 2018; 34:10012-10018. [PMID: 30067032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has created the opportunity of pushing fluorescence microscopy from being a biological imaging tool to a surface characterization and possibly even a quantitative analytical tool. The latter could be achieved by molecular counting using pointillist SMLM data sets. However, SMLM is especially sensitive to background fluorescent signals, which influences any subsequent analysis. Therefore, fabricating sensing surfaces that resist nonspecific adsorption of proteins, even after multiple modification steps, has become paramount. Herein is reported two different ways to modify surfaces: dichlorodimethylsilane-biotinylated bovine serum albumin-Tween-20 (DbT20) and poly-l-lysine grafted polyethylene glycol (PLL-PEG) mixed with biotinylated PLL-PEG (PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin). The results show that the ability to resist nonspecific adsorption of DbT20 surfaces deteriorates with an increase in the number of modification steps required after the addition of the DbT20, which limits the applicability of this surface for SMLM. As such, a new surface for SMLM that employs PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin was developed that exhibits ultralow amounts of nonspecific protein adsorption even after many modification steps. The utility of the surface was demonstrated for human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged mEos2, which was directly pulled down from cell lysates onto the PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin surface. The results strongly indicated that the PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin surface satisfies the criteria of SMLM imaging of a negligible background signal and negligible nonspecific adsorption.
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48
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Gaus K, Inoue T. New Biological Frontiers Illuminated by Molecular Sensors and Actuators. Biophys J 2018; 111:E01-E02. [PMID: 27653492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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49
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Van Ly D, Low RRJ, Frölich S, Bartolec TK, Kafer GR, Pickett HA, Gaus K, Cesare AJ. Telomere Loop Dynamics in Chromosome End Protection. Mol Cell 2018; 71:510-525.e6. [PMID: 30033372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres regulate DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair activity at chromosome ends. How telomere macromolecular structure contributes to ATM regulation and its potential dissociation from control over non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-dependent telomere fusion is of central importance to telomere-dependent cell aging and tumor suppression. Using super-resolution microscopy, we identify that ATM activation at mammalian telomeres with reduced TRF2 or at human telomeres during mitotic arrest occurs specifically with a structural change from telomere loops (t-loops) to linearized telomeres. Additionally, we find the TRFH domain of TRF2 regulates t-loop formation while suppressing ATM activity. Notably, we demonstrate that ATM activation and telomere linearity occur separately from telomere fusion via NHEJ and that linear DDR-positive telomeres can remain resistant to fusion, even during an extended G1 arrest, when NHEJ is most active. Collectively, these results suggest t-loops act as conformational switches that specifically regulate ATM activation independent of telomere mechanisms to inhibit NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Ly
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ronnie Ren Jie Low
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sonja Frölich
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Tara K Bartolec
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Georgia R Kafer
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony J Cesare
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Li Y, Montague SJ, Brüstle A, He X, Gillespie C, Gaus K, Gardiner EE, Lee WM. High contrast imaging and flexible photomanipulation for quantitative in vivo multiphoton imaging with polygon scanning microscope. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700341. [PMID: 29488344 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce two key improvements that overcome limitations of existing polygon scanning microscopes while maintaining high spatial and temporal imaging resolution over large field of view (FOV). First, we proposed a simple and straightforward means to control the scanning angle of the polygon mirror to carry out photomanipulation without resorting to high speed optical modulators. Second, we devised a flexible data sampling method directly leading to higher image contrast by over 2-fold and digital images with 100 megapixels (10 240 × 10 240) per frame at 0.25 Hz. This generates sub-diffraction limited pixels (60 nm per pixels over the FOV of 512 μm) which increases the degrees of freedom to extract signals computationally. The unique combined optical and digital control recorded fine fluorescence recovery after localized photobleaching (r ~10 μm) within fluorescent giant unilamellar vesicles and micro-vascular dynamics after laser-induced injury during thrombus formation in vivo. These new improvements expand the quantitative biological-imaging capacity of any polygon scanning microscope system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiao Li
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Samantha J Montague
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anne Brüstle
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xuefei He
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Cathy Gillespie
- Imaging and Cytometry Facility, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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