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Gadd G, Åberg D, Wall A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Jood K, Jern C, Isgaard J, Svensson J, Åberg ND. A Nonlinear Relation between Body Mass Index and Long-Term Poststroke Functional Outcome-The Importance of Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4931. [PMID: 38732147 PMCID: PMC11084577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Both high serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (s-IGFBP-1) and insulin resistance (IR) are associated with poor functional outcome poststroke, whereas overweight body mass index (BMI; 25-30) is related to fewer deaths and favorable functional outcome in a phenomenon labeled "the obesity paradox". Furthermore, IGFBP-1 is inversely related to BMI, in contrast to the linear relation between IR and BMI. Here, we investigated s-IGFBP-1 and IR concerning BMI and 7-year poststroke functional outcome. We included 451 stroke patients from the Sahlgrenska Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS) with baseline measurements of s-IGFBP1, homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), BMI (categories: normal-weight (8.5-25), overweight (25-30), and obesity (>30)), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a measure of general inflammation. Associations with poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score: 3-6) after 7 years were evaluated using multivariable binary logistic regression, with overweight as reference due to the nonlinear relationship. Both normal-weight (odds-ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-4.14) and obese (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08-4.71) patients had an increased risk of poor functional outcome, driven by deaths only in the normal-weight. In normal-weight, s-IGFBP-1 modestly attenuated (8.3%) this association. In the obese, the association was instead attenuated by HOMA-IR (22.4%) and hs-CRP (10.4%). Thus, a nonlinear relation between BMI and poor 7-year functional outcome was differently attenuated in the normal-weight and the obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Gadd
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.Å.); (A.W.); (J.I.); (J.S.); (N.D.Å.)
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.Å.); (A.W.); (J.I.); (J.S.); (N.D.Å.)
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Specialist Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Wall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.Å.); (A.W.); (J.I.); (J.S.); (N.D.Å.)
- Närhälsan, Region Västra Götaland, 411 04 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53707, USA
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Isgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.Å.); (A.W.); (J.I.); (J.S.); (N.D.Å.)
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Specialist Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.Å.); (A.W.); (J.I.); (J.S.); (N.D.Å.)
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Internal Medicine, Skaraborg Central Hospital, 549 49 Skövde, Sweden
| | - N. David Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.Å.); (A.W.); (J.I.); (J.S.); (N.D.Å.)
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wakisaka K, Matsuo R, Irie F, Wakisaka Y, Ago T, Kamouchi M, Kitazono T. Association between abdominal adiposity and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296833. [PMID: 38206990 PMCID: PMC10783725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether abdominal adiposity has an additional effect on post-stroke outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether waist circumference (WC) is independently associated with clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke from a multicenter hospital-based stroke registry in Fukuoka, Japan. We measured WC on admission and categorized patients into four groups (Q1-Q4) according to the quartiles in females and males. The clinical outcomes were poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 2-6) and death from any cause. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the outcomes of interest after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including body mass index (BMI). RESULTS A total of 11,989 patients (70.3±12.2 years, females: 36.1%) were included in the analysis. The risk of poor functional outcome significantly decreased for Q2-Q4 (vs. Q1) at discharge and Q2-Q3 (vs. Q1) at 3 months, even after adjusting for potential confounders, including BMI. In contrast, adjustment of BMI eliminated the significant association between WC and all-cause death at discharge and 3 months. The association between high WC and favorable functional outcome was not affected by fasting insulin levels or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and was only found in patients without diabetes (P = 0.02 for heterogeneity). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abdominal adiposity has an additional impact on post-stroke functional outcome, independent of body weight and insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryu Matsuo
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumi Irie
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamouchi
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Vázquez Martínez VH, Martínez Bautista H, Loera Morales JI, Ruiz Carrizales DA. [Risk factors for disability in patients with stroke in northeastern Mexico: A retrospective cross-sectional study]. Aten Primaria 2023; 55:102779. [PMID: 37804803 PMCID: PMC10560769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors associated with disability in patients who had a stroke in northeastern Mexico. DESIGN This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study. SITE: Conducted at the Family Medicine Unit No. 33 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and ninety-eight males and 146 females, above 18 years old, beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security with a diagnosis of stroke between 2018 and 2021. INTERVENTIONS The Barthel index that assesses the degree of dependence to perform basic activities of daily living was applied to the participants and sociodemographic, biological and anthropometric variables were collected from the digital medical record. MAIN MEASURES A univariate, correlational and ordinal logistic regression statistical analysis was performed between independent and dependent variables to obtain measures of frequency, percentages, and associated risks. RESULTS The risk factors associated with disability were age (OR 1.03, CI 1.01-1.05), overweight (OR 1.81, CI 1.03-3.1), obesity grade I (OR 2.74, CI 1.46-5.1), obesity grade II (OR 4.38, CI 1.44-13), obesity grade III (OR 9.99, CI 2.12-47); type of stroke: ischemic (OR 4.60, CI 2.6-8) or thrombotic (OR 4.95, CI 1.57-15). The number of comorbidities was associated with disability when having one comorbidity (OR 2.80, CI 1.22-6.4), two comorbidities (OR 3.43, CI 1.37-8.5), three comorbidities (OR 2.71, CI 1.01-7.3), and with five comorbidities (OR 3.17, CI 1.01-9.9). CONCLUSIONS The risk factors found for disability were age, overweight, obesity, and type of ischemic and thrombotic stroke. Being cared for by a relative and/or spouse reduces the probability of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús Iii Loera Morales
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar número 33, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Tamaulipas, México
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Kimura Y, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Tanaka S, Kusumi H, Yamamoto S, Saegusa H, Yoshimura T, Yamada M. A U-shaped relationship between body mass index and functional recovery in older Japanese stroke survivors undergoing hospital rehabilitation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 232:107881. [PMID: 37423090 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A relationship between body mass index and functional recovery in older survivors of stroke is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index with post-stroke functional recovery in older Japanese stroke survivors undergoing hospital rehabilitation. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective observational study of 757 older survivors of stroke, from six convalescent rehabilitation hospitals in Japan. The participants were classified into seven categories according to body mass index at admission. The measurements included outcomes of the absolute gain in the motor subscale of the Functional Independence Measure. Poor functional recovery was defined as gain < 17 points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of these body mass index categories on poor functional recovery. RESULTS The mean motor gains were highest in the 23.5-25.4 kg/m2 group (28.1 points), and lowest in the < 17.5 kg/m2 group (220.0 points). The results of the multivariate regression analyses (reference; 23.5-25.4 kg/m2 group) showed that the < 17.5 kg/m2 group (odds ratios 4.30; 95 % confidence intervals 2.09-8.87), the 17.5-19.4 kg/m2 group (1.99; 1.03-3.87), the 19.5-21.4 kg/m2 group (1.93; 1.05-3.54), and the ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 group (3.34; 1.33-8.42) were significantly associated with poor functional recovery, but not in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Older survivors of stroke with high-normal weight had the most favorable functional recovery among the seven groups. Meanwhile, both low and extremely high body mass indexes were associated with poor functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kimura
- College of Science and Engineering, Health Science and Technology Course, Kanto Gakuin University, 1-50-1 Mutsuura East, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Otobe
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino-city, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
| | - Mizue Suzuki
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Yamato University, 2-5-1, Katayama-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-0082, Japan
| | - Shu Tanaka
- Major of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kusumi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saegusa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
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