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Zhou YT, Li S, Du SL, Zhao JH, Cai YQ, Zhang ZQ. The multifaceted role of macrophage mitophagy in SiO 2-induced pulmonary fibrosis: A brief review. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38644760 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to environments with high concentrations of crystalline silica (CS) can lead to silicosis. Macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of silicosis. In the process of silicosis, silica (SiO2) invades alveolar macrophages (AMs) and induces mitophagy which usually exists in three states: normal, excessive, and/or deficiency. Different mitophagy states lead to corresponding toxic responses, including successful macrophage repair, injury, necrosis, apoptosis, and even pulmonary fibrosis. This is a complex process accompanied by various cytokines. Unfortunately, the details have not been fully systematically summarized. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the role of macrophage mitophagy in SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis by systematic analysis on the literature reports. In this review, we first summarized the current data on the macrophage mitophagy in the development of SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Then, we introduce the molecular mechanism on how SiO2-induced mitophagy causes pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we focus on introducing new therapies based on newly developed mitophagy-inducing strategies. We conclude that macrophage mitophagy plays a multifaceted role in the progression of SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and reprogramming the macrophage mitophagy state accordingly may be a potential means of preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shu-Ling Du
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | | | - Zhao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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2
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Gan PXL, Zhang S, Fred Wong WS. Targeting reprogrammed metabolism as a therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116187. [PMID: 38561090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming underlies the etiology and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The dysregulated cellular activities driving airway inflammation and remodelling in these diseases have reportedly been linked to aberrant shifts in energy-producing metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The rewiring of glycolysis and OXPHOS accompanying the therapeutic effects of many clinical compounds and natural products in asthma, IPF, and COPD, supports targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases. Correspondingly, inhibiting glycolysis has largely attested effective against experimental asthma, IPF, and COPD. However, modulating OXPHOS and its supporting catabolic pathways like mitochondrial pyruvate catabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and glutaminolysis for these respiratory diseases remain inconclusive. An emerging repertoire of metabolic enzymes are also interconnected to these canonical metabolic pathways that similarly possess therapeutic potential for respiratory diseases. Taken together, this review highlights the urgent demand for future studies to ascertain the role of OXPHOS in different respiratory diseases, under different stimulatory conditions, and in different cell types. While this review provides strong experimental evidence in support of the inhibition of glycolysis for asthma, IPF, and COPD, further verification by clinical trials is definitely required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis X L Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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4
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Mukkala AN, Jerkic M, Khan Z, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein O. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15788. [PMID: 37958771 PMCID: PMC10647450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) MSCs prior to exposure to deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that MSCs can exert therapeutic effects in a variety of pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, and neurological diseases. One of the key emerging beneficial actions of MSCs is the improvement of mitochondrial functions in the injured tissues by enhancing mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent advances in the understanding of cellular MQC, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, helped uncover how MSCs enhance these processes. Specifically, MSCs have been suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent biogenesis, Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified mitochondrial transfer from MSCs through tunneling nanotubes and via microvesicular transport. Combined, these effects improve mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the resolution of injury and inflammation. Thus, uncovering how MSCs affect MQC opens new therapeutic avenues for organ injury, and the transplantation of MSC-derived mitochondria to injured tissues might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Naraiah Mukkala
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mirjana Jerkic
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
| | - Zahra Khan
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ori Rotstein
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Mercader-Barceló J, Martín-Medina A, Truyols-Vives J, Escarrer-Garau G, Elowsson L, Montes-Worboys A, Río-Bocos C, Muncunill-Farreny J, Velasco-Roca J, Cederberg A, Kadefors M, Molina-Molina M, Westergren-Thorsson G, Sala-Llinàs E. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lung Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2084. [PMID: 37626894 PMCID: PMC10453747 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by an aberrant repair response with uncontrolled turnover of extracellular matrix involving mesenchymal cell phenotypes, where lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LRMSC) have been supposed to have an important role. However, the contribution of LRMSC in lung fibrosis is not fully understood, and the role of LRMSC in IPF remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic and functional analyses on LRMSC isolated from IPF and control patients (CON). Both over-representation and gene set enrichment analyses indicated that oxidative phosphorylation is the major dysregulated pathway in IPF LRMSC. The most relevant differences in biological processes included complement activation, mesenchyme development, and aerobic electron transport chain. Compared to CON LRMSC, IPF cells displayed impaired mitochondrial respiration, lower expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics, and dysmorphic mitochondria. These changes were linked to an impaired autophagic response and a lower mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes. In addition, IPF TGFβ-exposed LRMSC presented different expression profiles of mitochondrial-related genes compared to CON TGFβ-treated cells, suggesting that TGFβ reinforces mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major event in LRMSC and that their occurrence might limit LRMSC function, thereby contributing to IPF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mercader-Barceló
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- MolONE Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Aina Martín-Medina
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Truyols-Vives
- MolONE Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 08908 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Montes-Worboys
- ILD Unit, Respiratory Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Río-Bocos
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Julio Velasco-Roca
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Anna Cederberg
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 08908 Lund, Sweden
| | - Måns Kadefors
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 08908 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- ILD Unit, Respiratory Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ernest Sala-Llinàs
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain
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