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Melchior S, Carini E, Gigliotti M, Ciuffarin F, Marino M, Innocente N, Nicoli MC, Calligaris S. Unraveling the role of probiotics in affecting the structure of monoglyceride gelled emulsions: A low-field 1H NMR study. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100724. [PMID: 38617093 PMCID: PMC11015334 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The capacity of monoglyceride (MG) gelled emulsions (MEs) in protecting probiotic cells of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus against stresses suffered during food processing, storage, and human digestion has been recently demonstrated. These findings open new perspectives on the possible participation of probiotics in the stabilization of emulsion structure. To unravel this aspect, rheological analysis and Low-Field 1H NMR investigations were performed on MEs having different aqueous phases (water or skimmed milk) and stored for increasing time (1 and 14 days) at 4 °C. Loaded and unloaded samples were considered. Results highlighted that probiotics initially hindered the ability of MG to self-assemble in the multiphase environment, interacting in some way with MG crystalline lamellar structure, as confirmed by rheological and 1H NMR analysis. During storage, an increase of proton compartmentation was observed in loaded MEs indicating the role of probiotics in stabilizing MG structure at a molecular level. Such a result was more evident when the system was composed of milk, suggesting that the presence of milk-native components (i.e., lactose, proteins, and minerals) favored the cell-structure interactions. Such preliminary results could open new perspectives in considering probiotic cells as having an active role in the stabilization of food structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melchior
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/a, Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 47/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Gigliotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 47/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciuffarin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/a, Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Marino
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/a, Udine, Italy
| | - Nadia Innocente
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/a, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Nicoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/a, Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Calligaris
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/a, Udine, Italy
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Khan PA, Mohammad A, Bansal SL, Lal B, Singh P, Singh R, Syed A, Verma M, Singla D, Mishra PK, Wong LS, Srivastava N, O'Donovan A. Biotransformation of Raw Mango Seed Waste into Bacterial Hydrolytic Enzymes Enhancement Via Solid State Fermentation Strategy. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-023-01022-4. [PMID: 38195817 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid waste generation is a huge contributor to environmental pollution issues, and food wastes are prominent in this category due to their large generation on a day-to-day basis. Thus, the settlement of daily food waste is one of the major constraints and needs innovative manufacturing sheme to valorize solid waste in sustainable manner. Moreover, these food wastes are rich in organic content, which has promising scope for their value-added products. In the present study, raw mango seed waste has been biotransformed to produce bacterial hydrolytic enzymes as feedstock. On investigating the impact of substrate, the highest bacterial cellulase production was recorded to be 18 IU/gds FP (filter paper) in 24 h of microbial incubation at 5 g of substrate in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Furthermore, at 40 °C and pH 6.0, 23 IU/gds FP enzyme could be produced in 24 h of SSF. Beside this, on comparing the influence of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, urea has been found to provide better cellulase production, which yielded 28 IU/gds FP in 24 h of incubation, along with 77 IU/gds BG (β-glucosidase) and 89 IU/gds EG (endoglucanase). On the other hand, Tween-40 and Tween-80, two different surfactants, were employed at a 1.0% concentration for 24 h of incubation. It was noticed that Tween-80 showed complete enzyme activity at 24 h, which was found to be relatively superior to that of Tween-40. This study may have potential utility in enzyme production using mango seed as a food waste for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathan Ahemad Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Swarn Lata Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India
| | - Basant Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Diksha Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Anthonia O'Donovan
- Applied Biology and Biopharmaceuticals Sciences, Department of Science, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
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