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Kumar PS, Gopal D, Jha DK, Ratnam K, Jayapal S, Pandey V, Srinivas V, Rathinam AJ. Impact of anthropogenic accumulation on phytoplankton community and harmful algal bloom in temporarily open/closed estuary. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23034. [PMID: 38155171 PMCID: PMC10754910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community dynamics in a temporarily open/closed Swarnamukhi river estuary (SRE), located on the South East coast of India was investigated and correlated to that of the adjacent coastal waters. Understanding the seasonal variability of the phytoplankton community and influencing factors are essential to predicting their impact on fisheries as the river and coastal region serve as the main source of income for the local fishing communities. Downstream before the river meets the sea, an arm of the Buckingham Canal (BC), carrying anthropogenic inputs empties into the Swarnamukhi River (SR1). The impact of anthropogenic effects on the phytoplankton community at BC was compared to other estuarine stations SR2 (upstream), SR1 (downstream), SRM (river mouth) and coastal station (CS). In BC station, harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Chaetoceros decipiens (2940 × 103 cells L-1) and Oscillatoria sp. (1619 × 103 cells L-1) were found during the southwest monsoon and winter monsoon, respectively. These HABs can be linked to the anthropogenic input of increased nutrients and trace metals. The HABs of Oscillatoria sp. were shown to be induced by elevated concentrations of nitrate (10.18 µM) and Ni (3.0 ppm) compared to ambient, while the HABs of C. decipiens were caused by elevated concentrations of silicate (50.35 µM), nitrite (2.1 µM), and phosphate (4.37 µM). Elevated nutrients and metal concentration from the aquaculture farms, and other anthropogenic inputs could be one of the prime reasons for the recorded bloom events at BC station. During this period, observed bloom species density was found low at other estuarine stations and absent at CS. The formation of bloom events during the closure of the river mouth could be a major threat to the coastal ecosystem when it opens. During the Osillatoria sp. bloom, both the Cu and Ni levels were higher at BC. The elevated concentration of nutrients and metals could potentially affect the coastal ecosystem and in turn fisheries sector in the tropical coastal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Sathish Kumar
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India.
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dharani Gopal
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Jha
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Krupa Ratnam
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Santhanakumar Jayapal
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatnarayanan Srinivas
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Arthur James Rathinam
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Eichner M, Inomura K, Pierella Karlusich JJ, Shaked Y. Better together? Lessons on sociality from Trichodesmium. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1072-1084. [PMID: 37244772 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is an important player in the oceanic nitrogen and carbon cycles. Trichodesmium occurs both as single trichomes and as colonies containing hundreds of trichomes. In this review, we explore the benefits and disadvantages of colony formation, considering physical, chemical, and biological effects from nanometer to kilometer scale. Showing that all major life challenges are affected by colony formation, we claim that Trichodesmium's ecological success is tightly linked to its colonial lifestyle. Microbial interactions in the microbiome, chemical gradients within the colony, interactions with particles, and elevated mobility in the water column shape a highly dynamic microenvironment. We postulate that these dynamics are key to the resilience of Trichodesmium and other colony formers in our changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Eichner
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | | | - Yeala Shaked
- Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
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Pfreundt U, Słomka J, Schneider G, Sengupta A, Carrara F, Fernandez V, Ackermann M, Stocker R. Controlled motility in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium regulates aggregate architecture. Science 2023; 380:830-835. [PMID: 37228200 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ocean's nitrogen is largely fixed by cyanobacteria, including Trichodesmium, which forms aggregates comprising hundreds of filaments arranged in organized architectures. Aggregates often form upon exposure to stress and have ecological and biophysical characteristics that differ from those of single filaments. Here, we report that Trichodesmium aggregates can rapidly modulate their shape, responding within minutes to changes in environmental conditions. Combining video microscopy and mathematical modeling, we discovered that this reorganization is mediated by "smart reversals" wherein gliding filaments reverse when their overlap with other filaments diminishes. By regulating smart reversals, filaments control aggregate architecture without central coordination. We propose that the modulation of gliding motility at the single-filament level is a determinant of Trichodesmium's aggregation behavior and ultimately of its biogeochemical role in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfreundt
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonasz Słomka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Schneider
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Carrara
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vicente Fernandez
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ackermann
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, Microbial Systems Ecology Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Koedooder C, Landou E, Zhang F, Wang S, Basu S, Berman-Frank I, Shaked Y, Rubin-Blum M. Metagenomes of Red Sea Subpopulations Challenge the Use of Marker Genes and Morphology to Assess Trichodesmium Diversity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879970. [PMID: 35707175 PMCID: PMC9189399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichodesmium are filamentous cyanobacteria of key interest due to their ability to fix carbon and nitrogen within an oligotrophic marine environment. Their blooms consist of a dynamic assemblage of subpopulations and colony morphologies that are hypothesized to occupy unique niches. Here, we assessed the poorly studied diversity of Trichodesmium in the Red Sea, based on metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and hetR gene-based phylotyping. We assembled four non-redundant MAGs from morphologically distinct Trichodesmium colonies (tufts, dense and thin puffs). Trichodesmium thiebautii (puffs) and Trichodesmium erythraeum (tufts) were the dominant species within these morphotypes. While subspecies diversity is present for both T. thiebautii and T. erythraeum, a single T. thiebautii genotype comprised both thin and dense puff morphotypes, and we hypothesize that this phenotypic variation is likely attributed to gene regulation. Additionally, we found the rare non-diazotrophic clade IV and V genotypes, related to Trichodesmium nobis and Trichodesmium miru, respectively that likely occurred as single filaments. The hetR gene phylogeny further indicated that the genotype in clade IV could represent the species Trichodesmium contortum. Importantly, we show the presence of hetR paralogs in Trichodesmium, where two copies of the hetR gene were present within T. thiebautii genomes. This may lead to the overestimation of Trichodesmium diversity as one of the copies misidentified T. thiebautii as Trichodesmium aureum. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of re-assessing Trichodesmium taxonomy while showing the ability of genomics to capture the complex diversity and distribution of Trichodesmium populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coco Koedooder
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Etai Landou
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Futing Zhang
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Siyuan Wang
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Subhajit Basu
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
- Microsensor Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ilana Berman-Frank
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yeala Shaked
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
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Held NA, Waterbury JB, Webb EA, Kellogg RM, McIlvin MR, Jakuba M, Valois FW, Moran DM, Sutherland KM, Saito MA. Dynamic diel proteome and daytime nitrogenase activity supports buoyancy in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:300-311. [PMID: 35013592 PMCID: PMC10288448 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-01028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium provide about 80 Tg of fixed nitrogen to the surface ocean per year and contribute to marine biogeochemistry, including the sequestration of carbon dioxide. Trichodesmium fixes nitrogen in the daylight, despite the incompatibility of the nitrogenase enzyme with oxygen produced during photosynthesis. While the mechanisms protecting nitrogenase remain unclear, all proposed strategies require considerable resource investment. Here we identify a crucial benefit of daytime nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium spp. that may counteract these costs. We analysed diel proteomes of cultured and field populations of Trichodesmium in comparison with the marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501, which fixes nitrogen at night. Trichodesmium's proteome is extraordinarily dynamic and demonstrates simultaneous photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, resulting in balanced particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen production. Unlike Crocosphaera, which produces large quantities of glycogen as an energy store for nitrogenase, proteomic evidence is consistent with the idea that Trichodesmium reduces the need to produce glycogen by supplying energy directly to nitrogenase via soluble ferredoxin charged by the photosynthesis protein PsaC. This minimizes ballast associated with glycogen, reducing cell density and decreasing sinking velocity, thus supporting Trichodesmium's niche as a buoyant, high-light-adapted colony forming cyanobacterium. To occupy its niche of simultaneous nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis, Trichodesmium appears to be a conspicuous consumer of iron, and has therefore developed unique iron-acquisition strategies, including the use of iron-rich dust. Particle capture by buoyant Trichodesmium colonies may increase the residence time and degradation of mineral iron in the euphotic zone. These findings describe how cellular biochemistry defines and reinforces the ecological and biogeochemical function of these keystone marine diazotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle A Held
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John B Waterbury
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Webb
- Marine and Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riss M Kellogg
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R McIlvin
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Michael Jakuba
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Frederica W Valois
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Dawn M Moran
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Sutherland
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mak A Saito
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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