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Reviewing the Potential Links between Viral Infections and TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021581. [PMID: 36675095 PMCID: PMC9867397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was discovered in 2001 as a cellular factor capable to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Successively, it was brought to new life as the most prevalent RNA-binding protein involved in several neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Despite the fact that these two research areas could be considered very distant from each other, in recent years an increasing number of publications pointed out the existence of a potentially important connection. Indeed, the ability of TDP-43 to act as an important regulator of all aspects of RNA metabolism makes this protein also a critical factor during expression of viral RNAs. Here, we summarize all recent observations regarding the involvement of TDP-43 in viral entry, replication and latency in several viruses that include enteroviruses (EVs), Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), West Nile virus (WNV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV). In particular, in this work, we aimed to highlight the presence of similarities with the most commonly studied TDP-43 related neuronal dysfunctions.
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Swenson CL, Polas PJ, Weisbrode SE, Nagode LA, Kociba GJ, Hayes KA, Mathes LE. Prophylactic Efficacy and Bone Toxicity Associated with Phosphonoformate Therapy against Retrovirus Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029200300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonoformate (PFA) is a simple pyrophosphate analogue which is a topical and parenteral treatment for human herpes virus infections and is currently undergoing evaluation for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus infections associated with (AIDS). In this study, antiretroviral activity of PFA was demonstrated by two separate treatment regimens. In the first, an inoculum of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in plasma from viraemic cats was treated with 1024 μM PFA prior to intravenous inoculation into susceptible animals. Three of four cats given the PFA treated inoculum were protected from viraemia by the PFA treatment, while 2 of 2 challenge controls receiving sham treated inoculum and 6 of 6 untreated challenge controls became viraemic. In the second regimen, a long-term continuous intravenous infusion of PFA (1000 mg kg−1 day−1) was administered to 6 young cats beginning 1–2 days prior to and extending 4 weeks following intravenous inoculation with FeLV. Five of the six PFA-treated cats also received heparin intravenously and acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) orally to reduce risk of thrombosis. Six cats (heparin controls) received only heparin and aspirin and were inoculated with FeLV in an identical manner. Six cats served as untreated challenge controls. Four of 6 PFA-treated cats were protected from FeLV antigenaemia. In contrast, all 6 heparin-control animals and all 6 challenge-control animals became persistently viraemic as evidenced by continuous expression of FeLV p27 antigen. All challenged cats including the 4 protected by PFA treatment developed antibody to FeLV, indicating that PFA did not prevent primary virus infection. Significant toxic effects of PFA treatment were reduced weight-gain and rickets-like bone lesions in the cats receiving the 4 week treatment. Additionally, decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and calcitriol concentrations, presumably related to the bone lesions, were observed. Results of this study suggest that the antiviral effect of PFA involves an immediate and direct mechanism targeted at cell-free virus and that long-term continuous intravenous infusion of PFA has significant anti-retroviral activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Swenson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P. J. Polas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S. E. Weisbrode
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - L. A. Nagode
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G. J. Kociba
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K. A. Hayes
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - L. E. Mathes
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Moodley Y, Govender K. A systematic review of published literature describing factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence in people living with HIV in Africa. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:1239-46. [PMID: 26958026 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A summary of factors associated with recurrent tuberculosis (TB) in the African HIV-infected population is lacking. We performed a systematic review to address this. METHODS We performed a literature search within PubMed and The WHO Global Library with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify manuscripts emanating from the African continent which potentially described factors associated with recurrent TB in persons living with HIV. RESULTS The literature search yielded 52 unique manuscripts, of which only 4 manuscripts were included in the final systematic review following application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline CD4 count, baseline HIV viral load, a positive tuberculin skin test, prior active TB disease, cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to treatment, having < 3 lung zones affected by prior TB disease, and anaemia were associated with recurrent TB in HIV-infected individuals, whilst age and antiretroviral status were not. CONCLUSION The lack of studies describing recurrent TB in Africa which stratify results by HIV-status is a hindrance to understanding risk factors for recurrent TB in this population. This might be overcome by implementing guidelines related to the publishing of data from observational studies in peer-reviewed medical journals reporting recurrent TB in populations with a high-burden of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshan Moodley
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kumeren Govender
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Radeff B, Kuffer R, Samson J. Recurrent aphthous ulcer in patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus: successful treatment with thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 23:523-5. [PMID: 2212162 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Radeff
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Swenson CL, Sams RA, Polas PJ, Michael DF, Mathes LE. Age-related differences in pharmacokinetics of phosphonoformate in cats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34:871-4. [PMID: 2141779 PMCID: PMC171708 DOI: 10.1128/aac.34.5.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonoformate (PFA) is a simple PPi analog which inhibits the activities of a variety of viral DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and reverse transcriptase enzymes. PFA is a topical and parenteral treatment for human herpesvirus infections and is currently in phase I trials for treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pharmacokinetic properties of PFA in young (growing) and adult specific-pathogen-free cats were compared. Mean PFA clearance from plasma was twofold higher in young cats (7.52 ml/min per kg of body weight) than in adult cats (3.70 ml/min per kg). Higher PFA clearance from plasma observed in young cats may result from higher renal clearance or enhanced accumulation of PFA in bone tissue of young versus adult cats. No plasma protein binding of PFA was observed. Mean oral bioavailability was 35% in young cats. These data indicate that age-related differences in PFA clearance from plasma occur in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Swenson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Fowler CB, Nelson JF, Henley DW, Smith BR. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting as a palatal perforation. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1989; 67:313-8. [PMID: 2927927 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(89)90362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck manifestations are particularly frequent in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. An unusual case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a female prostitute whose initial presentation included a palatal perforation is reported. This case is also noteworthy because the patient died of disseminated miliary tuberculosis, a disease only recently included in the Centers for Disease Control case definition of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Fowler
- Department of Oral Pathology, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas
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Dinsdale RCW. Cross Infection in Dentistry—Report of O.M.I.G. Workshop 1987: How Far is it Realistic to go With Precautions Against Cross-Infection in Dentistry? MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 1988. [DOI: 10.3109/08910608809140194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. W. Dinsdale
- Dept. of Oral Surgery, The Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Wellesley Road, Sheffield, S10 2SZ
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