1
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Ribatti D, Annese T, Tamma R. Vascular co-option in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1323350. [PMID: 38148844 PMCID: PMC10750409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1323350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different mechanisms of neovascularization have been described in tumor growth, including sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth and glomeruloid vascular proliferation. Tumors can also grow by means of alternative mechanisms including vascular co-option, vasculogenic mimicry, angiotropism, and recruitment of endothelial precursor cells. Vascular co-option occurs in tumors independently of sprouting angiogenesis and the non-angiogenic cancer cells are described as exploiting pre-existing vessels. Vascular co-option is more frequently observed in tumors of densely vascularized organs, including the brain, lung and liver, and vascular co-option represents one of the main mechanisms involved in metastasis, as occurs in liver and lung, and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. The aim of this review article is to analyze the role of vascular co-option as mechanism through which tumors develop resistance to anti-angiogenic conventional therapeutic approaches and how blocking co-option can suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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2
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Micklem K. Developing Digital Photomicroscopy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020296. [PMID: 35053412 PMCID: PMC8773980 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The need for efficient ways of recording and presenting multicolour immunohistochemistry images in a pioneering laboratory developing new techniques motivated a move away from photography to electronic and ultimately digital photomicroscopy. (2) Initially broadcast quality analogue cameras were used in the absence of practical digital cameras. This allowed the development of digital image processing, storage and presentation. (3) As early adopters of digital cameras, their advantages and limitations were recognised in implementation. (4) The adoption of immunofluorescence for multiprobe detection prompted further developments, particularly a critical approach to probe colocalization. (5) Subsequently, whole-slide scanning was implemented, greatly enhancing histology for diagnosis, research and teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Micklem
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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3
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Ribatti D, Pezzella F. Overview on the Different Patterns of Tumor Vascularization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030639. [PMID: 33805699 PMCID: PMC8000806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the physiological processes of embryogenesis and wound healing. During malignant transformation, dysregulation of angiogenesis leads to the formation of a vascular network of tumor-associated capillaries promoting survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. Starting with the hypothesis formulated by Judah Folkman that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent, this area of research has a solid scientific foundation and inhibition of angiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for the treatment of cancer. Over this period numerous authors published data of vascularization of tumors, which attributed the cause of neo-vascularization to various factors including inflammation, release of angiogenic cytokines, vasodilatation, and increased tumor metabolism. More recently, it has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is not necessarily derived by endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting of new capillaries, but alternative vascularization mechanisms have been described, namely vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. In this article, we have analyzed the mechanisms involved in tumor vascularization in association with classical angiogenesis, including post-natal vasculogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. We have also discussed the role of these alternative mechanism in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and potential therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX39DU, UK
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (F.P.)
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4
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Daum S, Hagen H, Naismith E, Wolf D, Pircher A. The Role of Anti-angiogenesis in the Treatment Landscape of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer - New Combinational Approaches and Strategies of Neovessel Inhibition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610903. [PMID: 33469537 PMCID: PMC7813779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression depends primarily on vascular supply, which is facilitated by angiogenic activity within the malignant tissue. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly vascularized tumor, and inhibition of angiogenesis was projected to be a promising therapeutic approach. Over a decade ago, the first anti-angiogenic agents were approved for advanced stage NSCLC patients, however, they only produced a marginal clinical benefit. Explanations why anti-angiogenic therapies only show modest effects include the highly adaptive tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as the less understood characteristics of the tumor vasculature. Today, advanced methods of in-depth characterization of the NSCLC TME by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and preclinical observations enable a detailed characterization of individual cancer landscapes, allowing new aspects for a more individualized inhibition of angiogenesis to be identified. Furthermore, the tumor vasculature itself is composed of several cellular subtypes, which closely interact with other cellular components of the TME, and show distinct biological functions such as immune regulation, proliferation, and organization of the extracellular matrix. With these new insights, combinational approaches including chemotherapy, anti- angiogenic and immunotherapy can be developed to yield a more target-oriented anti-tumor treatment in NSCLC. Recently, anti-angiogenic agents were also shown to induce the formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are essential for the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, and key components in triggering anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of tumor-angiogenesis and corresponding anti-angiogenic therapies, as well as new aspects concerning characterization of tumor-associated vessels and the resulting new strategies for anti-angiogenic therapies and vessel inhibition in NSCLC. We will further discuss why anti-angiogenic therapies form an interesting backbone strategy for combinational therapies and how anti-angiogenic approaches could be further developed in a more personalized tumor-oriented fashion with focus on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Daum
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Hagen
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erin Naismith
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Clinic 3, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Rada M, Lazaris A, Kapelanski-Lamoureux A, Mayer TZ, Metrakos P. Tumor microenvironment conditions that favor vessel co-option in colorectal cancer liver metastases: A theoretical model. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:52-64. [PMID: 32920126 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vessel co-option is an alternative strategy by which tumour cells vascularize and gain access to nutrients to support tumour growth, survival and metastasis. In vessel co-option, the cancer cells move towards the pre-existing vasculature and hijack them. Vessel co-option is adopted by a wide range of human tumours including colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) and is responsible for the effectiveness of treatment in CRCLM. Furthermore, vessel co-option is an intrinsic feature and an acquired mechanism of resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment. In this review, we describe the microenvironment, the molecular players, discovered thus far of co-opting CRCLM lesions and propose a theoretical model. We also highlight key unanswered questions that are critical to improving our understanding of CRCLM vessel co-option and for the development of effective approaches for the treatment of co-opting tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Rada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Audrey Kapelanski-Lamoureux
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Thomas Z Mayer
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A3J1, Canada.
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6
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Vessel co-option and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:55-74. [PMID: 31865479 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vessel co-option is a non-angiogenic mechanism of tumour vascularisation in which cancer cells utilise pre-existing blood vessels instead of inducing new blood vessel formation. Vessel co-option has been observed across a range of different tumour types, in both primary cancers and metastatic disease. Importantly, vessel co-option is now implicated as a major mechanism that mediates resistance to conventional anti-angiogenic drugs and this may help to explain the limited efficacy of this therapeutic approach in certain clinical settings. This includes the use of anti-angiogenic drugs to treat advanced-stage/metastatic disease, treatment in the adjuvant setting and the treatment of primary disease. In this article, we review the available evidence linking vessel co-option with resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in numerous tumour types, including breast, colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The finding that vessel co-option is a significant mechanism of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy may have important implications for the future of anti-cancer therapy, including (a) predicting response to anti-angiogenic drugs, (b) the need to develop therapies that target both angiogenesis and vessel co-option in tumours, and (c) predicting the response to other therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy.
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7
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Kuczynski EA, Vermeulen PB, Pezzella F, Kerbel RS, Reynolds AR. Vessel co-option in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:469-493. [PMID: 30816337 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
All solid tumours require a vascular supply in order to progress. Although the ability to induce angiogenesis (new blood vessel growth) has long been regarded as essential to this purpose, thus far, anti-angiogenic therapies have shown only modest efficacy in patients. Importantly, overshadowed by the literature on tumour angiogenesis is a long-standing, but continually emerging, body of research indicating that tumours can grow instead by hijacking pre-existing blood vessels of the surrounding nonmalignant tissue. This process, termed vessel co-option, is a frequently overlooked mechanism of tumour vascularization that can influence disease progression, metastasis and response to treatment. In this Review, we describe the evidence that tumours located at numerous anatomical sites can exploit vessel co-option. We also discuss the proposed molecular mechanisms involved and the multifaceted implications of vessel co-option for patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kuczynski
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK. .,Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St Augustinus, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.,Tumour Biology Team, Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. .,Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Pathological features of vessel co-option versus sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:43-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Bugyik E, Szabó V, Dezső K, Rókusz A, Szücs A, Nagy P, Tóvári J, László V, Döme B, Paku S. Role of (myo)fibroblasts in the development of vascular and connective tissue structure of the C38 colorectal cancer in mice. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:46. [PMID: 29976246 PMCID: PMC6034296 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear if the vascular and connective tissue structures of primary and metastatic tumors are intrinsically determined or whether these characteristics are defined by the host tissue. Therefore we examined the microanatomical steps of vasculature and connective tissue development of C38 colon carcinoma in different tissues. Methods Tumors produced in mice at five different locations (the cecal wall, skin, liver, lung, and brain) were analyzed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results We found that in the cecal wall, skin, liver, and lung, resident fibroblasts differentiate into collagenous matrix-producing myofibroblasts at the tumor periphery. These activated fibroblasts together with the produced matrix were incorporated by the tumor. The connective tissue development culminated in the appearance of intratumoral tissue columns (centrally located single microvessels embedded in connective tissue and smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts surrounded by basement membrane). Conversely, in the brain (which lacks fibroblasts), C38 metastases only induced the development of vascularized desmoplastic tissue columns when the growing tumor reached the fibroblast-containing meninges. Conclusions Our data suggest that the desmoplastic host tissue response is induced by tumor-derived fibrogenic molecules acting on host tissue fibroblasts. We concluded that not only the host tissue characteristics but also the tumor-derived fibrogenic signals determine the vascular and connective tissue structure of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Bugyik
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - Vanessza Szabó
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - András Rókusz
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - Armanda Szücs
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Viktória László
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Paku
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary. .,Tumor Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
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10
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Coelho AL, Gomes MP, Catarino RJ, Rolfo C, Lopes AM, Medeiros RM, Araújo AM. Angiogenesis in NSCLC: is vessel co-option the trunk that sustains the branches? Oncotarget 2018; 8:39795-39804. [PMID: 26950275 PMCID: PMC5503654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of angiogenesis in tumor development makes its inhibition a valuable new approach in therapy, rapidly making anti-angiogenesis a major focus in research. While the VEGF/VEGFR pathway is the main target of the approved anti-angiogenic molecules in NSCLC treatment, the results obtained are still modest, especially due to resistance mechanisms. Accumulating scientific data show that vessel co-option is an alternative mechanism to angiogenesis during tumor development in well-vascularized organs such as the lungs, where tumor cells highjack the existing vasculature to obtain its blood supply in a non-angiogenic fashion. This can explain the low/lack of response to current anti-angiogenic strategies. The same principle applies to lung metastases of other primary tumors. The exact mechanisms of vessel co-option need to be further elucidated, but it is known that the co-opted vessels regress by the action of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a vessel destabilizing cytokine expressed by the endothelial cells of the pre-existing mature vessels. In the absence of VEGF, vessel regression leads to tumor cell loss and hypoxia, with a subsequent switch to a neoangiogenic phenotype by the remaining tumor cells. Unravelling the vessel co-option mechanisms and involved players may be fruitful for numerous reasons, and the particularities of this form of vascularization should be carefully considered when planning anti-angiogenic interventions or designing clinical trials for this purpose. In view of the current knowledge, rationale for therapeutic approaches of dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF are swiftly gaining strength and may serve as a launchpad to more successful NSCLC anti-vascular treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Coelho
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Patrícia Gomes
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Jorge Catarino
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I, Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Centre of Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Agostinho Marques Lopes
- Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Pulmonology Department, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Medeiros
- Instituto Português de Oncologia, Molecular Oncology Group, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro (NRNorte), Research Department, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Manuel Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Medical Oncology Department, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Donnem T, Reynolds AR, Kuczynski EA, Gatter K, Vermeulen PB, Kerbel RS, Harris AL, Pezzella F. Non-angiogenic tumours and their influence on cancer biology. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:323-336. [PMID: 29520090 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2018.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumours need a blood supply, and a large body of evidence has previously suggested that they can grow only if they induce the development of new blood vessels, a process known as tumour angiogenesis. On the basis of this hypothesis, it was proposed that anti-angiogenic drugs should be able to suppress the growth of all solid tumours. However, clinical experience with anti-angiogenic agents has shown that this is not always the case. Reports of tumours growing without the formation of new vessels can be found in the literature dating back to the 1800s, yet no formal recognition, description and demonstration of their special biological status was made until recently. In 1996, we formally recognized and described non-angiogenic tumours in lungs where the only blood vessels present were those originating from normal lung tissue. This is far from an isolated scenario, as non-angiogenic tumour growth has now been observed in tumours of many different organs in both humans and preclinical animal models. In this Opinion article, we summarize how these tumours were discovered and discuss what we know so far about their biology and the potential implications of this knowledge for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Donnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Kuczynski
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Gatter
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Tumour Biology Team, Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA, Hospitals St Augustinus, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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12
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Bridgeman VL, Vermeulen PB, Foo S, Bilecz A, Daley F, Kostaras E, Nathan MR, Wan E, Frentzas S, Schweiger T, Hegedus B, Hoetzenecker K, Renyi-Vamos F, Kuczynski EA, Vasudev NS, Larkin J, Gore M, Dvorak HF, Paku S, Kerbel RS, Dome B, Reynolds AR. Vessel co-option is common in human lung metastases and mediates resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in preclinical lung metastasis models. J Pathol 2016; 241:362-374. [PMID: 27859259 PMCID: PMC5248628 DOI: 10.1002/path.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti‐angiogenic therapies have shown limited efficacy in the clinical management of metastatic disease, including lung metastases. Moreover, the mechanisms via which tumours resist anti‐angiogenic therapies are poorly understood. Importantly, rather than utilizing angiogenesis, some metastases may instead incorporate pre‐existing vessels from surrounding tissue (vessel co‐option). As anti‐angiogenic therapies were designed to target only new blood vessel growth, vessel co‐option has been proposed as a mechanism that could drive resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy. However, vessel co‐option has not been extensively studied in lung metastases, and its potential to mediate resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy in lung metastases is not established. Here, we examined the mechanism of tumour vascularization in 164 human lung metastasis specimens (composed of breast, colorectal and renal cancer lung metastasis cases). We identified four distinct histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of lung metastasis (alveolar, interstitial, perivascular cuffing, and pushing), each of which vascularized via a different mechanism. In the alveolar HGP, cancer cells invaded the alveolar air spaces, facilitating the co‐option of alveolar capillaries. In the interstitial HGP, cancer cells invaded the alveolar walls to co‐opt alveolar capillaries. In the perivascular cuffing HGP, cancer cells grew by co‐opting larger vessels of the lung. Only in the pushing HGP did the tumours vascularize by angiogenesis. Importantly, vessel co‐option occurred with high frequency, being present in >80% of the cases examined. Moreover, we provide evidence that vessel co‐option mediates resistance to the anti‐angiogenic drug sunitinib in preclinical lung metastasis models. Assuming that our interpretation of the data is correct, we conclude that vessel co‐option in lung metastases occurs through at least three distinct mechanisms, that vessel co‐option occurs frequently in lung metastases, and that vessel co‐option could mediate resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy in lung metastases. Novel therapies designed to target both angiogenesis and vessel co‐option are therefore warranted. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Bridgeman
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Translational Cancer Research Unit (TCRU), GZA Hospitals St Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shane Foo
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Agnes Bilecz
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frances Daley
- Breast Cancer Now Histopathology Core Facility, The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Eleftherios Kostaras
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark R Nathan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elaine Wan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Sophia Frentzas
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik Essen, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Renyi-Vamos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden, London, UK.,Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sandor Paku
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Tumour Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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13
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Pezzella F, Gatter KC. Evidence Showing That Tumors Can Grow Without Angiogenesis and Can Switch Between Angiogenic and Nonangiogenic Phenotypes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw032. [PMID: 27059375 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pezzella
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (FP, KCG).
| | - Kevin C Gatter
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (FP, KCG)
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14
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Seidel C, Hambsch P, Hering K, Bresch A, Rohde S, Kortmann RD, Gaudino C. Analysis of frequency of deep white matter metastasis on cerebral MRI. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:135-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Szabo V, Bugyik E, Dezso K, Ecker N, Nagy P, Timar J, Tovari J, Laszlo V, Bridgeman VL, Wan E, Frentzas S, Vermeulen PB, Reynolds AR, Dome B, Paku S. Mechanism of tumour vascularization in experimental lung metastases. J Pathol 2014; 235:384-96. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessza Szabo
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Edina Bugyik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezso
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Nora Ecker
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Jozsef Timar
- Tumor Progression Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pathology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Jozsef Tovari
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology; Budapest Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Victoria L Bridgeman
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
| | - Elaine Wan
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
| | - Sophia Frentzas
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
- Translational Cancer Research Unit; GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Sandor Paku
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
- Tumor Progression Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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16
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Ali S, Saik JE, Gould DJ, Dickinson ME, West JL. Immobilization of Cell-Adhesive Laminin Peptides in Degradable PEGDA Hydrogels Influences Endothelial Cell Tubulogenesis. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:241-9. [PMID: 23914330 PMCID: PMC3731677 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2013.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Attachment, spreading, and organization of endothelial cells into tubule networks are mediated by interactions between cells in the extracellular microenvironment. Laminins are key extracellular matrix components and regulators of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. In this study, laminin-derived peptides were conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) monoacrylate and covalently incorporated into degradable PEG diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels to investigate the influence of these peptides on endothelial cellular adhesion and function in organizing into tubule networks. Degradable PEGDA hydrogels were synthesized by incorporating a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–sensitive peptide, GGGPQGIWGQGK (abbreviated PQ), into the polymer backbone. The secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by endothelial cells promotes polymer degradation and consequently cell migration. We demonstrate the formation of extensive networks of tubule-like structures by encapsulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in hydrogels with immobilized synthetic peptides. The resulting structures were stabilized by pericyte precursor cells (10T1/2s) in vitro. During tubule formation and stabilization, extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen IV and laminin were deposited. Tubules formed in the matrix of metalloproteinase sensitive hydrogels were visualized from 7 days to 4 weeks in response to different combination of peptides. Moreover, hydrogels functionalized with laminin peptides and transplanted in a mouse cornea supported the ingrowth and attachment of endothelial cells to the hydrogel during angiogenesis. Results of this study illustrate the use of laminin-derived peptides as potential candidates for modification of biomaterials to support angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Ali
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Dan J. Gould
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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17
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Donnem T, Hu J, Ferguson M, Adighibe O, Snell C, Harris AL, Gatter KC, Pezzella F. Vessel co-option in primary human tumors and metastases: an obstacle to effective anti-angiogenic treatment? Cancer Med 2013; 2:427-36. [PMID: 24156015 PMCID: PMC3799277 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been regarded as essential for tumor growth and progression. Studies of many human tumors, however, suggest that their microcirculation may be provided by nonsprouting vessels and that a variety of tumors can grow and metastasize without angiogenesis. Vessel co-option, where tumor cells migrate along the preexisting vessels of the host organ, is regarded as an alternative tumor blood supply. Vessel co-option may occur in many malignancies, but so far mostly reported in highly vascularized tissues such as brain, lung, and liver. In primary and metastatic lung cancer and liver metastasis from different primary origins, as much as 10–30% of the tumors are reported to use this alternative blood supply. In addition, vessel co-option is introduced as a potential explanation of antiangiogenic drug resistance, although the impact of vessel co-option in this clinical setting is still to be further explored. In this review we discuss tumor vessel co-option with specific examples of vessel co-option in primary and secondary tumors and a consideration of the clinical implications of this alternative tumor blood supply. Both primary and metastatic tumors use preexisting host tissue vessels as their blood supply. Tumors may grow to a clinically detectable size without angiogenesis and makes them less likely to respond to drugs designed to target the abnormal vasculature produced by angiogenesis, but further studies to explore the biological and clinical implication of these co-opted vessels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Donnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway Tromso, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso Tromso, Norway
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18
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Khoo CP, Micklem K, Watt SM. A comparison of methods for quantifying angiogenesis in the Matrigel assay in vitro. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:895-906. [PMID: 21517696 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is of major interest because of its involvement in numerous pathologies or for promoting tissue repair. It is often assessed by the ability of endothelial cells to sprout, migrate, and form vascular tubules in Matrigel in vitro. Matrigel contains a mixture of basement membrane components, which stimulate endothelial cells to form capillary-like hexagonal structures, and is often preferred over other in vitro assays because of its ease of use, rapidity and the ability to measure key steps in angiogenesis, including migration, protease activity, and tubule formation. Various methods have been used to quantitate tubule formation, yet no consensus has been reached regarding the best quantification method for evaluating the efficacy of angiogenic stimulants or inhibitors in this Matrigel assay. Here, we have measured the ability of umbilical cord blood endothelial colony-forming cell-derived cells to form tubules in growth factor reduced Matrigel in the presence or absence of two angiogenic inhibitors, suramin and SU6668, to compare the benefits and limitations of two quantification methods-Angiosys and Wimasis. These comparative analyses revealed that both Angiosys and Wimasis are easy to use, accurately quantify angiogenesis, and will suit the needs of different types of users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheen Peen Khoo
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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19
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Mancuso P, Bertolini F. Circulating endothelial cells as biomarkers in clinical oncology. Microvasc Res 2010; 79:224-8. [PMID: 20176038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs) play a different role in cancer development, acting as possible markers of vascular turnover/damage (CECs) and vasculogenesis (CEPs). Preclinical and clinical data suggest that CEC enumeration might be useful to define the best treatment option for patients who are candidate to anti-angiogenic therapy, while CEPs seem to have a "catalytic" role in different steps of cancer progression and recurrence after therapy. The definition of CEC and CEP phenotype and the standardization of CEC and CEP enumeration procedures are highly warranted to use these cells as biomarkers in clinical trials in oncology, and to compare results from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mancuso
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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20
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Calleri A, Bono A, Bagnardi V, Quarna J, Mancuso P, Rabascio C, Dellapasqua S, Campagnoli E, Shaked Y, Goldhirsch A, Colleoni M, Bertolini F. Predictive Potential of Angiogenic Growth Factors and Circulating Endothelial Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Metronomic Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7652-7657. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Tissue Factor Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Relationship with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Microvascular Density, and K-ras Mutation. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3:689-97. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31817c1b21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Sardari Nia P, Van Marck E, Van Schil P. Re: A Model of Human Tumor Dormancy: An Angiogenic Escape From the Nonangiogenic Phenotype. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:331; author reply 331-2. [PMID: 17312311 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djk055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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